identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C538E11AFFAFFFE3FF04F8DDFA723B1D.text	C538E11AFFAFFFE3FF04F8DDFA723B1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus garrulus (Warncke 1981)	<div><p>Diagnosis of the garrulus species group</p><p>The subgeneric classification of the genus Hylaeus has yet to be fully resolved, and some problems persist even within the European fauna, particularly in the classification of some species and the morphological concepts of the subgenera (Le Divelec, unpublished). Clarifying this classification is beyond the scope of this work and we can only suggest following the latest key to the Palearctic subgenera provided in Michener (2007). Although the identification of the males should be unambiguous thanks to the genitalia, there is a high risk of confusion in the females, more particularly between those of the garrulus group (subgenus Prosopis) and those of the nivalis group (subgenus Hylaeus). The latter group, as described in Dathe (2000), is artificial and it is necessary for it to be redefined in a separate work (Le Divelec, unpublished). Females of both groups share important diagnostic characteristics: a rounded propodeum without transverse or oblique carina, a T1 with apical fringes, light hairs on the last metasomal segment. As a result, some of the specimens of the garrulus group examined were previously confused with members of the nivalis group. The garrulus group can be distinguished from the nivalis group by the largely reticulate and strigate basal triangle (basal triangle with weak longitudinal ridges basally in the nivalis group, most of its surface only with tesselate tegument), the comparatively narrower scapus, i.e. as large as pedicel and narrower than median flagellomeres (larger than pedicel and as large as median flagellomeres in the nivalis group), the comparatively denser and deeper punctation on mesepisternum, and the distinct punctation on the hypoepimeral area (this area is tesselate without or with a few indistinct punctures in the nivalis group).</p><p>The Iberian garrulus species group can be recognized from other Prosopis by a distinctive combination of characters, somewhat intermediate between the gibbus and the variegatus species groups. Another species of Prosopis, H. gazagnairei (Vachal, 1891) also exhibits such an intermediate morphology, with an external morphology very similar to the species of the garrulus species group, more particularly in the males (see table 2). Due to those numerous similarities, members of the garrulus species group have been regularly misidentified as H. gazagnairei . As a matter of fact, the only published European record of H. gazagnairei, from Cartagena in Spain (Ornosa &amp; Ortiz-Sánchez 2004), is based on a specimen housed at MNCN. The specimen was studied for this work, and it turned out to be H. teruelus . Therefore, it seems noteworthy to detail the main differences between H. gazagnairei and the members of the H. garrulus group, additionally to the differences with the two other main groups, the gibbus and the variegatus groups (Tables 1–2).</p><p>The females of the garrulus species group are very similar to those of the gibbus group. They can be immediately recognised by the minute and indistinct punctation on the mesosternum which is conspicuously finer than that of mesepisternum, merged within the densely tesselate sculpture of the tegument. In the West Mediterranean area, other Prosopis species have a distinct punctation with small to large punctures on the mesosternum. The facial structure in the males of the garrulus group is reminiscent of the variegatus group (Fig. 3G), with a trapezoidal and moderately dilated scape (0.8× as wide as long) and a crescent-shaped depression extending between the eyes, over the apex of the supraclypeal area and the base of the clypeus (Figs 6A, 6F, 6K). As said previously, their general body is also very similar to that of H. gazagnairei . Males of the garrulus group can be recognized by the unique morphological features of their genital capsule, and more particularly by the structure of their penis valve. The inner surface of the penis valve is uniformly flat, its dorsal surface homogeneously oblique across all its length in cross section (Figs 6D, 6I, 6N); in other groups, the dorsal surface is flattened and features a distinct inner angle due to the upper sclerotized part being swollen either along its entire length (Figs 4C, 4M) or at least basally, as seen in the gibbus group (Fig. 4H). The outer surface of the penis valve features a sharply elevated, straight longitudinal carina extending from the basal apodeme (valvura) to the apex of the penis valve (Figs 6E, 6J, 6O). Above this carina, the cuticle is deeply concave, whereas in other groups, it is nearly flat. Below the carina, the cuticle is swollen, forming a deep and large invaginated opening just above the ventral subapical lobe. In contrast, other groups either lack this carina or have it reduced to a basal ridge, with the cuticle below it remaining flat and displaying only a shallow invagination above the ventral subapical lobe (see Figs 4E, 4J, 4O). In the garrulus group, the ventral subapical lobe is produced apically, far beyond the level of the ventral sinus, in a long and narrow free membranous lobe separated by a long sulcus from the ventral margin of the penis valve (Figs 6E, 6J, 6O). In other groups, the subapical lobe is sclerotized, without membranous lobe, and entirely fused with the ventral margin of the penis valve (Figs 4E, 4J, 4O). Additionally, to this unique penis valve, it is worth mentioning that the gonoforceps in the garrulus group are conspicuously arcuate or angulate apically and with a basal depression (Fig. 6D, 6I, 6N); the volsella has a short digitus, flat in lateral view (Fig. 8H). In other groups, the gonoforceps are straight to slightly curved inwards with a basal depression (Figs 4C, 4H, 4M); and the volsella has a long digitus (Figs 4D, 4I, 4N), large in lateral view.</p><p>To give more context to the information in tables 1 and 2, a simplified key to identify the main species groups and all the other species of the Prosopis subgenus that are not associated to them is here provided for Europe and Maghreb.</p><p>Female</p><p>1 – Last metasomal segment with dark hairs.................................................................. 2</p><p>– Last metasomal segment with light hairs.................................................................. 4</p><p>2 – Propodeum entirely carinate (i.e. with sharp oblique and transverse carinas). T1 smooth and impunctate. Mesepisternum matt with contiguous and coarse but superficial punctures..................................... H. trinotatus (Pérez, 1895)</p><p>– Propodeum not carinate (i.e. without conspicuous oblique and transverse carinas).T1 punctate and shagreened. Mesepisternum with different sculpture, punctures either finer or deeper....................................................... 3</p><p>3 – Facial fovea long (as long as distance between antennal socket and anterior ocellus) and curved inward, conspicuously divergent from inner orbit (lower end separated from it by 2–3 lines of punctures). Malar area reduced, indistinct. Basal triangle areolate-rugose (Fig. 2A). T1 tesselate, entirely and uniformly punctate with small and dense to close punctures (Fig. 2C). Disc of following terga matt, tesselate, with dense to close small punctures. Tibiae and tarsi usually entirely red............................................................................................ H. gazagnairei (Vachal, 1891)</p><p>– Facial fovea short (much shorter than distance between antennal socket and anterior ocellus) and straight, aligned along the entire length of inner orbit. Malar area longer, i.e. distinct. Basal triangle longitudinally ridged (Fig. 2D). T1 with transverse shagreen, with scattered minute to fine punctures, punctation denser and coarser apically and laterally (Fig. 2F). Disc of following terga silky shiny, with minute to fine scarce punctation. Tibiae and tarsi almost entirely black, tibiae with basal yellow spot................................................................................ gibbus species group</p><p>4 – Basal triangle matt, very finely alveolate laterally and apically over most of its surface, rugose only basomedially. Gena larger than eye in lateral view. Vertex gibbous, with distance beyond posterior ocellus of at least one posterior ocellus diameter before declivity. Mesepisternum with close to sparse punctures of two conspicuously different size, i.e coarse and small........................................................................................... H. duckei (Alfken, 1904)</p><p>– Basal triangle not alveolate, rugose to coarsely areolate over all its horizontal part. Gena shorter than eye in lateral view. Vertex immediately declivous beyond posterior ocellus. Mesepisternum with different sculpture, punctation fine or coarse but without two conspicuously different size of punctures......................................................... 5</p><p>5 – Facial fovea long and extended onto vertex, reaching center of posterior ocellus. Crosspoint of episternal sulcus and omaulus with very deep pit anteriorly bordered by conspicuous carina.............................. H. signatus (Panzer, 1798)</p><p>– Facial fovea shorter, reaching at most the anterior margin of posterior ocellus. Crosspoint of episternal sulcus and omaulus without deep pit or conspicuous carina..................................................................... 6</p><p>6 – Mesosternum rugulose with medium to large punctures. Basal triangle deeply rugose-areolate, with conspicuous transverse carina (Fig. 2G). Propodeum sharply angular in lateral view. Inner hind tibial spur with long and sparse spine (Fig. 2H). Axilla usually yellow. Base of metasoma usually red (Fig. 2I)..................................... variegatus species group</p><p>– Mesosternum densely tesselate with minute to indistinct punctures. Basal triangle finely rugose-areolate and transversally ridged, without transverse carina (Fig. 7D). Propodeum rounded in lateral view. Inner hind tibial spur with short and contiguous spine (e.g. Figs 2B, 2E). Axilla black. Base of metasoma black (at most with marginal zones discoloured, see Fig. 7E)........................................................................................ garrulus species group</p><p>Male</p><p>1 – Scape not to weakly dilated, tubular to slightly conical. Face without depression (e.g. Fig. 3D)...................... 2</p><p>– Scape moderately to strongly dilated, oblong to trapezoidal. Face with a crescent-depressed area below antennae (e.g. Figs 3A, 3G, 6A, 6F, 6K)................................................................................... 5</p><p>2 – Propodeum entirely carinate (i.e. with sharp oblique and transverse carinas). T1 smooth and impunctate. Mesepisternum matt with contiguous and coarse but superficial punctures.................................... H. trinotatus (Pérez, 1895)</p><p>– Propodeum not carinate (i.e. without conspicuous oblique and transverse carinas).T1 punctate and shagreened. Mesepisternum with different sculpture, punctures either finer or deeper....................................................... 3</p><p>3 – Scape with conspicuously sinuate anterior margin. Crosspoint of episternal sulcus and omaulus with very deep pit anteriorly bordered by conspicuous carina. Mesosternum conspicuously concave medially, concavity bordered by a pair of protuberant humps. S3(–4) usually with triangular callus medially. Ventral face of gonoforceps remarkably protruding.............................................................................................. H. signatus (Panzer, 1798)</p><p>– Scape with straight to slightly convex anterior margin. Crosspoint of episternal sulcus and omaulus without deep pit or sharp carina. Mesosternum more or less flat, without pair of humps. S3(–4) flat. Ventral face of gonoforceps flat to slightly convex. ................................................................................................... 4</p><p>4 – Punctures on mesepisternum much coarser than on scutum. Punctures on clypeus close to dense, at least as coarse as on frons. Basal triangle tapering posteriorly into broad triangular area. S7 with long and narrow basal lobe, basal lobe much longer and narrower than distal lobe, distal lobe glabrous. S8 apically produced into narrow spine. Gonoforceps with basal depression. Penis valves sinuate at their basal crosspoint (in dorsal view), inner surface swollen. Outline of aedeagus circular in dorsal view............................................................................. H. duckei (Alfken, 1904)</p><p>– Punctures on mesepisternum at most hardly coarser than on scutum. Punctures on clypeus scattered, shallow and much finer than on frons. Basal triangle reduced posteriorly into narrow linear furrow. S7 subtriangular to L-shaped, with broad and short basal lobe, basal lobe about as long and as broad as distal lobe, distal lobe with long and plumose hairs (Fig. 4F). S8 with broad subtruncate to sinuate tip (Fig. 4G). Gonoforceps without basal depression. Penis valves sharply angular at their basal crosspoint (in dorsal view), inner surface flat or concave (Fig. 4H). Outline of aedeagus oblong in dorsal view, with subparallel side (Fig. 4H)........................................................................ gibbus species group</p><p>5 – Posterior face of scape with broad longitudinal furrow. Basal triangle deeply rugose-areolate, with conspicuous transverse carina (e.g. Fig. 2G). Propodeum sharply angular in lateral view. Axilla usually yellow. S3(–4) usually with pair of humps medially (Fig. 3I), more rarely flat..................................................... variegatus species group</p><p>– Posterior face of scape entirely concave. Basal triangle finely rugose areolate and transversally ridged, without transverse carina (Fig. 8D). Propodeum rounded in lateral view. Axilla black. S3, if not flat, with medial U-shaped elevation (Figs 3C, 6C, 6H) or with transverse keel (Fig. 6M)..................................................................... 6</p><p>6 – Scape slightly dilated (0.5× as wide as long) with broadly rounded antero-apical angle (Fig. 3A). Volsella with long and acute digitus (Fig. 4D). Inner surface of penis valve swollen with distinct dorsal flattening (Fig. 4C). Penis valve without long and free membranous ventral subapical lobe nor deep fovea above it (Fig. 4E). Tibiae usually red and yellow. T1–2 usually red (Fig. 3B)........................................................................ H. gazagnairei (Vachal, 1891)</p><p>– Scape moderately dilated (0.8× as wide as long) with produced and angular antero-apical angle (Figs 6A, 6F, 6K). Volsella with short and blunt digitus (Fig. 8H). Inner surface of penis valve uniformly flat to slightly concave (Figs 6D, 6I, 6N). Penis valve with long free membranous ventral subapical lobe and, with deep and large fovea above it (Figs 6E, 6J, 6O). Tibiae black with small yellow basal spot. T1–2 black (Fig. 8E).......................................... garrulus species group</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFAFFFE3FF04F8DDFA723B1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
C538E11AFFA5FFE2FF04F89BFC693C41.text	C538E11AFFA5FFE2FF04F89BFC693C41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus garrulus (Warncke 1981)	<div><p>Diagnosis of the species in the garrulus group</p><p>The three species of the garrulus species group can be separated by the combinations of characters provided in Tables 3 and 4. Dathe (2000) proposed as diagnostic characters in females the sculpture of the propodeum, the length of the face, the facial fovea, and, in males, the shape of the S8 and gonoforceps. Despite examining a larger material in this study, no differences were found in the sculpture of the propodeum nor in the shape of the S8. In fact, none of the H. teruelus specimens we examined exhibited a median process as large as the one depicted in the figure 29 of Dathe (2000). It should be noted that the drawings of the terminalia of H. garrulus and H. teruelus in Dathe (2000) were switched–Figures 28-29 corresponding to H. teruelus and not H. garrulus . All species of the group may exhibit a S8 tip that ranges from pointed to slightly dilated. The length of the clypeus and malar area, although not clearly described in Dathe (2000), appears to differ between the three species. However, these traits are difficult to use for identification without precise measurements, particularly since H. woodi exhibits intermediate proportions. The most distinctive and useful character to identify the species are the facial foveae in females, and in males, the mesosternal structures, the elevation of S3, and the genital capsule.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFA5FFE2FF04F89BFC693C41	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
C538E11AFFA6FFE0FF04FEC2FAD03FDC.text	C538E11AFFA6FFE0FF04FEC2FAD03FDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus garrulus (Warncke 1981)	<div><p>Hylaeus garrulus (Warncke, 1981)</p><p>Figures 5A–D, 6A–E.</p><p>Prosopis garrula Warncke, 1981: p. 160,</p><p>♀♂. Type locality: Spain, Alicante, Benidorm (Holotype ♂, OÖLM, examined) .</p><p>Examined material. 5♀ 6♂, Spain (see supplementary material) .</p><p>Distribution. Spain (Warncke 1981, Dathe 2000) and Portugal (Baldock et al. 2018). The examined material (Fig. 9) and the published records suggest that it is scattered but widespread in southern and central Spain, but biased towards the eastern half of the country. The single specimen reported from Portugal (Baldock et al. 2018) should be re-examined to confirm the presence of this species in the country. At the time, the species concepts were unclear, and all the Portuguese specimens examined by us and I. Cross (pers. comm.) belong to H. teruelus . Additionally, the seemingly eastward-restricted distribution of H. garrulus in Spain makes its presence in Portugal unlikely.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFA6FFE0FF04FEC2FAD03FDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
C538E11AFFA0FFE6FF04FE8AFCA53E14.text	C538E11AFFA0FFE6FF04FE8AFCA53E14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus teruelus (Warncke 1981)	<div><p>Hylaeus teruelus (Warncke, 1981)</p><p>Figures 5E–H, 6F–J.</p><p>Prosopis garrula ssp. teruela Warncke, 1981: p. 162,</p><p>♂ (not ♀). Type locality: Spain, Teruel, Bronchales (Holotype ♂, OÖLM, examined).</p><p>Hylaeus convergens Dathe, 2000: p. 168,</p><p>♀ ♂. Type locality: Spain, Asturias, Picos de Europa (Holotype ♀, SDEI, examined) .</p><p>New synonym.</p><p>Examined material. 10♀ 15♂, Spain and Portugal (see supplementary material) .</p><p>Distribution. Spain and Portugal (Warncke 1981, Dathe 2000, Baldock et al. 2018). The examined material (Fig. 9) and the published records suggest that it is scattered but widespread in all Spain and Portugal. It occurs in a wide variety of habitat, from the coast to high mountains (2000–2100 m). Only one published record is known so far from Portugal (Baldock et al. 2018). The male of H. convergens from Baixo Alentejo reported in (Baldock et al. 2018) was also confirmed to belong to H. teruelus (I. Cross, pers. comm.).</p><p>Remark. Dathe (2000) differentiated the male of H. convergens from H. teruelus based on its supposedly smoother propodeal sculpture and a narrower median process on S8. As mentioned earlier, these subtle differences fall within the variability range of H. teruelus . Upon the examination of the male holotype of H. teruelus, no substantial morphological differences were identified between males of H. teruelus and H. convergens . Morphology and barcoding of the female associated to H. teruelus also suggest that sexes have been incorrectly paired (Fig. 1). As a result, H. convergens is a junior synonym of H. teruelus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFA0FFE6FF04FE8AFCA53E14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
C538E11AFFA0FFFAFF04FD84FEB23A11.text	C538E11AFFA0FFFAFF04FD84FEB23A11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus woodi Le Divelec 2025	<div><p>Hylaeus woodi Le Divelec sp. nov.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 635FCA35-2B03-42B6-A7C9-A856F1F22DAB</p><p>Figures 5I–L, 6K–O, 7, 8.</p><p>Prosopis garrula ssp. teruela Warncke, 1981: p. 162, ♀ (not ♂).</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE: SPAIN • 1 ♂; Vaciamadrid [ Rivas-Vaciamadrid]; 14 May 1929; JM. Dusmet leg.; MNCN; MNCN_Ent 361868 . PARATYPES: SPAIN • 1 ♂; Arganda; 17 May 1933; JM. Dusmet leg.; MNCN; MNCN_Ent 361820 • 1 ♀; Cádiz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.4299&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.7082" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.4299/lat 36.7082)">Benaocaz</a>; 36.7082° N, - 5.4299° E; 2 Jun. 2021; UMONS • 1 ♀; Ibidem; RLD • 1 ♂; Granada, Sierra Nevada, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=3.4819&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.0778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 3.4819/lat 37.0778)">Trevenque Peak</a>; 37.0778° N, - 3.4819° E; 30 Jun. 2021; T. Wood leg.; RLD • 1 ♂; Antequera, El Torcal, 50km N Málaga; 03 May 2003; RLD • 2 ♂; Madrid; 2 May 1919; G. Mercet leg.; MNCN; MNCN _ Ent 361816, MNCN _ Ent 361817 • 1 ♀; Málaga, Juczar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.1748&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.6454" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.1748/lat 36.6454)">Los Riscos</a>; 36.6454° N, - 5.1748° E; 29 May 2021; UMONS • 1 ♀; Ibidem; RLD • 1 ♂; Málaga, Lagunas de Archidona; 14 May 2018; OÖLM • 1 ♀; Montarco; 14 Jun. 1920; JM. Dusmet leg.; MNCN; MNCN _ Ent 361853 • 1 ♀; Ibidem; 10 May 1933, MNCN _ Ent 361813 • 2 ♂; same data as for holotype; 25 May 1926; MNCN _ Ent 361818, MNCN _ Ent 361819 • 2 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 21 May 1927; MNCN _ Ent 361871, MNCN _ Ent 361872, MNCN _ Ent 361873 • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MNCN _ Ent 361867, MNCN _ Ent 361869 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 6 May 1930; MNCN _ Ent 361866 . Other material. 3♀ 1♂, Spain (see supplementary material) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Diagnostic characters are listed in tables 3 and 4.</p><p>Female description. Body length 6–7 mm. Body black; paraclypeal area, pronotal lobe and tegula black or with small yellow spot; tibiae with small basal yellow spot and yellow spurs; marginal zone of metasomal terga black to slightly discoloured. Head (Fig. 7A). Head widely obovate, HL:HW = 0.92–0.94. Eyes moderately convergent below, UFW:LFW = 1.29–1.34. Malar area short to medium but distinct, 0.42–0.53× MOD (Figs 5J–K). Mandible bidentate. Labrum with narrow U-shaped median process. Clypeus slightly wider than long; CL:CW = 0.80–0.88; CW:BCW= 1.54–1.70. Clypeal disc depressed medially, finely lineolate and punctate; punctures shallow and indistinct basomedially, distinct apically (Figs 5J–K). Supraclypeal area much shorter than wide, BCW: CAD = 1.99–2.19, wider than COD, BCW:COD = 1.24–1.6, lineolate with few shallow punctures (Fig. 5J). Interantennal distance short, IAD:ASD = 1.32–1.60, IAD:AOD = 0.78–0.87. Frontal shield narrow and inconspicuous, bowed (Fig. 5I). Paraclypeal area lineolate with minute and sparse punctures (Fig. 5J). Small impunctate and shagreened supra-antennal area above antennal socket, hardly as long as antennal socket diameter (Fig. 5I). Frons uniformly punctate with subcontiguous to dense small punctures, IS less than 1PD and smooth (Fig. 5I). Facial fovea straight, aligned along the entire length of inner orbit, separated from it by a single line of punctures; short, shorter than distance between antennal socket and median ocellus; extending as far as the middle of median ocellus (Fig. 5I). Vertex relatively short, OCD:LOD = 1.22–1.49. Vertex with sparser punctation between eye and ocellar triangle, many IS larger than one PD. Ocellar triangle very obtuse, IOD:OOD = 1.04–1.10. Gena lineolate with uniform, minute and close punctation, most IS comprised between 1–2PD (Fig. 7C). Gena shorter than eye in lateral view, without occipital carina (5L, 7C). Hairs on frons and gena relatively short and barely plumose, shorter or as long as MOD (Fig. 5L). Flagellomeres 1 and 3 much shorter than wide, about 0.75–0.80× as long as wide (Fig. 7A); F2 being conspicuously shorter than these two, about 0.70× as long as wide; median flagellomeres slightly shorter than wide to almost as long as wide, about 0.87–0.94× as long as wide; F11 much longer than wide, about 1.4× as long as wide. Mesosoma. Pronotum short with bluntly rounded dorsolateral angle; punctation minute and subcontiguous (Fig. 7B). Scutum with subcontiguous to dense small punctures (same size than on frons); IS rarely larger than one PD, smooth and shiny with scarce micro-punctures (Fig. 7B). Scutum uniformly covered with very short suberect hairs and, only with a few distinct erect and short hairs, at most as long as half the MOD (Fig. 7C). Scutellum with similar pilosity and punctation but lightly tesselate posteriorly (Fig. 7B). Metanotum matt and roughly rugulose, with confused and irregular roughening (Fig. 7D). Propodeum progressively rounded from base to apex, without oblique or transverse carina; basal triangle, stigmatal area and posterior face of propodeum hardly separated from each other by a change of sculpture (Fig. 7D). Basal triangle areolate-rugose mediobasally, roughening finer laterally, i.e. rugulose, finely areolate to tesselate posteriorly (Fig. 7D). Stigmatal area with tesselate tegument, rugulose and densely punctate (Fig. 7D). Posterior face of propodeum matt, tesselate with contiguous minute punctation (Fig. 7D). Mesepisternum with subcontiguous to dense small punctures (same size than on scutum); IS rarely larger than one PD and very lightly shagreened to smooth and shiny, with scarce micro-punctures; punctation on hypoepimeral area finer (Fig. 7C). Prepectus perfectly rounded anteriorly. Episternal sulcus fine and shallow (Fig. 7C). Mesosternum with fine to minute punctation, punctation finer and indistinct near midventral line, merged within tesselate tegument sculpture. Lower mesepisternum and mesosternum with very short suberect hairs and with sparse short erect hairs, as long as half the MOD (Fig. 7C). Wings lightly infuscate with black venation. Metasoma. T1–2 uniformly punctate over all their surface with close to sparse fine punctures, most IS comprised between 1–3 PD, IS smooth and shiny with rare and scarce micro-punctures (Fig. 7E). Apical margin of T1 narrowly impunctate, with pair of latero-apical fringes of hairs (Fig. 7E). T3–6 with uniform close to sparse minute punctures, IS shiny but lightly shagreened (Figs 7E–7F). Metasomal sterna with subcontiguous to close fine punctures. Metasomal segments covered with very short suberect light hairs and few erect hairs (Fig. 7F). Last segment with long light hairs (Fig. 7F).</p><p>Male description. Body length 5–6 mm. Body black; yellow mask complete, yellow maculation extending well beyond the level of antennal socket (Fig. 8A); labrum and lower half of scape outer face yellow; posterior face of scape yellow to brown ferruginous with longitudinal black stripe medially; mandible, pronotal lobe and tegula black to brown, with or without small yellow spot; outer face of protibia with yellow stripe; mid and hind-tibia with small basal and apical yellow spot; basitarsi and tibial spurs yellow; marginal zone of metasomal terga black to slightly discoloured. Head (Fig. 8A). Head widely transverse, oval to slightly obovate, HL:HW = 0.87–0.92. Eyes convergent below, UFW:LFW = 1.40–1.50. Malar area short but distinct, 0.25–0.34× MOD. Mandible bidentate. Clypeus slightly wider than long; CL:CW = 0.76–0.82; CW:BCW= 1.72–1.81. Clypeal disc convex, finely lineolate with sparse and minute punctures apically. Supraclypeal area shorter than wide, BCW: CAD = 1.42–1.52, wider than COD, BCW:COD = 1.19–1.33, smooth apically and minutely punctate posteriorly. Interantennal distance very short, IAD:ASD = 0.71–0.81, IAD:AOD = 0.50–0.57. Frontal shield narrow and pinched between antennal sockets. Face with crescent-shaped depression extending between the eyes, over the apex of the supraclypeal area and the base of the clypeus. Circular impunctate and tessellate supra-antennal area above antennal socket, slightly longer than antennal socket (about 1.2× as long). Frons uniformly punctate with subcontiguous small punctures, IS smooth and shiny with scarce micropunctures. Facial fovea short (shorter than median ocellus), extending as far as the middle of median ocellus. Vertex relatively short, OCD:LOD = 1.16–1.56. Vertex with sparser punctation between eye and ocellar triangle, many IS as large as one PD. Ocellar triangle very obtuse, IOD:OOD = 0.97–1.13. Gena lineolate with uniform, fine and dense punctation. Gena shorter than eye in lateral view, without occipital carina (Fig. 8C). Hairs on frons and gena slightly plumose, longest hairs slightly longer than MOD (Fig. 8C). Scape moderately dilated, 0.8× as wide as long, with produced and angular antero-apical angle, anterior margin slightly sinuate. F1–2 much shorter than wide, about 0.60–0.70× as long as wide; median flagellomeres as long as wide or nearly so; F12 longer, about 1.36× as long as wide. Mesosoma (Figs 8B–8D). Similar to that of female except for the mesosternum with small, smooth and shiny bump between signum and midventral line (Fig. 6L); lower mesepisternum and mesosternum with denser, longer and plumose hairs, longest hairs hardly as long as MOD (Fig. 8C). Metasoma. T1–2 uniformly punctate over all their surface with close to sparse fine punctures, IS smooth and shiny with rare and scarce micro-punctures (Fig. 8E). T1 with pair of latero-apical fringes of hairs (Fig. 8E). T3–6 with uniform close to sparse minute punctures, lightly shagreened. Metasomal sterna flat or, more often, with medial transverse bur on S3 and S4 (Fig. 6M). Metasomal segments covered with very short suberect light hairs. S7 with short light hairs on distal lobe and on proximal lobe apex, proximal lobe long and narrow, 2× as long as distal lobe (Fig. 8F). S8 medially produced into long and narrow tip (Fig. 8G). Gonoforceps depressed basally, tapering and conspicuously angulate apically (Fig. 6N). Aedeagus outline circular. Inner surface of penis valve uniformly flat, oblique (Fig. 6N). Outer surface of penis valve with sharp medial longitudinal carina, defining flat, perpendicular area; tegument below medial carina swollen into a large protuberance, opening posteriorly into a deep, invaginated fovea (Fig. 6O). Ventral margin with extended membranous subapical lobe, projecting well beyond ventral sinus (Fig. 6O).</p><p>Distribution. The examined material (Fig. 9) suggests a distribution range like H. garrulus, most of the locations situated in the southernmost regions of Spain and a few in central Spain. However, its distribution seems to be more strongly associated to calcareous soils. More occurrence data are needed to confirm this tendency. It inhabits a wide variety of habitat, occurring from the plains to the high mountains (2000–2100 m).</p><p>Etymology. Named after our colleague Thomas James Wood (Leiden, Naturalis Biodiversity Center), in recognition of his significant contributions to the study of the Iberian bee fauna and his substantial support in the study of Hylaeus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFA0FFFAFF04FD84FEB23A11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
C538E11AFFBFFFF9FF04FE8AFB103FAD.text	C538E11AFFBFFFF9FF04FE8AFB103FAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hylaeus gazagnairei (Vachal 1891)	<div><p>Status of H. gazagnairei in Europe</p><p>Hylaeus gazagnairei is mentioned for the first time in the European context by Dathe (1980) who specified that the presence of this species in Europe was unclear but expected in its Mediterranean parts. It is definitively reported from Europe in southern Spain by Ortiz-Sánchez et al. (2002) without more detail. The species has been subsequently included in the keys to Iberian Hylaeus (Ornosa &amp; Ortiz-Sánchez 2004, Ortiz-Sánchez et al. 2003) following Dathe (1980). However, none of the keys previously mentioned provide an unambiguous species concept for H.gazagnairei . For the female, the main characters provided concern the colour, i.e. black face and red legs, when the colour is highly variable with many females having light marks on the face. As for the male, its morphological similarity with the males of the garrulus species group made its identification difficult at a time when no clear diagnosis of the garrulus group was available. For these reasons, its presence in Europe remained doubtful despite the Spanish record. The original record has only been detailed by Ornosa &amp; Ortiz-Sánchez (2004) and, after examination, the associated specimen turned out to be a specimen of H. teruelus . After examining a substantial material of Hylaeus from the Mediterranean, and more particularly from Spain and Sicily, no true H. gazagnairei were found. Consequently, we consider that this species does not occur in Europe. According to the material we examined (178♀ 70♂, including type material; Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia; see supplementary material), Hylaeus gazagnairei seems to be restricted to the Maghreb where it is a common species ranging from Morocco to Libya.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C538E11AFFBFFFF9FF04FE8AFB103FAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Divelec, Romain Le;Michez, Denis	Divelec, Romain Le, Michez, Denis (2025): Taxonomic revision of the garrulus species group in the bee genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae). Zootaxa 5642 (2): 127-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5642.2.2
