taxonID	type	description	language	source
B73E530254E851D1A7AEDF7DE44A0CC8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Female: Elliptical body. Single plate rostrum, with rounded tip, lacking rostral filaments. Six-segmented prosome. Symmetrical and rounded postero-lateral corners of the fifth pedigerous somite. Four-segmented and symmetrical urosome. Double-somite genital with genital operculum ventromedially. Symmetry furcal rami, with serrated hyaline frill on distal margin, armed with five setae on the tip of the ramus, without furcal setae I and III; spiniform seta II; normal-developed seta V, slightly longer than seta IV. Antennule with 26 segments-; ancestral segments II and fused III; ancestral segments X and partly fused XI; relatively short ancestral segment XXVII; with aesthetasc on ancestral segments I, III – XXI, XXV, and XXVII. Antennae with two-segmented Endp and nine-segmented Exp; segments I – VII of Exp each with one seta. Mandibles with un-modified coxal gnathobase, five-segmented Exp and two-segmented Endp; a distal segment of Endp with ten setae. Maxillulae with nine setae on coxal epipodite and six setae on coxal endite; unarmed basal exite; two-segmented, un-modified Endp. Seven-segmented maxillae lack an outer seta on the outer margin of the coxa. Eight-segmented maxillipeds; length of segments II – VI of Endp is equivalent to syncoxa; transformed proximalmost seta on segment III, with feather-like tip. Three-segmented P 1 – P 5 with both rami; coxa with seta on the distomedial corner; the basis of all swimming legs lacking lateral seta, that of P 2 – P 5 with cuticular window representing the remnant of armament on outer margin; the posterior surface of the basis of P 1 with the curved hyaline process. Spine and setal complements of Exp - 3 of P 2 – P 5: 2.3.3.3 and 5.5.5.4, respectively; setal complement of Endp - 3 of P 2 – P 5: 8.7.7.6. Distolateral corner of P 1 Endp- 1 and Endp - 2 of P 1 – P 4 with bifid indentures; distolateral corner of both Endp- 1 and Endp - 2 of P 5 un-fid. Male: Body shape, rostrum, prosome, mouthparts, furcal rami, and P 1 – P 4 are identical to those of females. Slightly asymmetrical urosome. The left antennule is identical to that of the female; the 22 - segmented right antennule, weakly geniculate; fused ancestral segments II – IV, XXI – XXIII, and XXIV – XXV. P 5 is asymmetrical, with both three-segmented rami; basis with cuticular pores representing the remnant of armament on outer margin; Endp- 1 of left and right legs lacks inner seta; separated Exp - 2 and Exp - 3; those of the right leg are modified to function as grasping organ.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
B73E530254E851D1A7AEDF7DE44A0CC8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Sipadantonius roihani sp. nov.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
B73E530254E851D1A7AEDF7DE44A0CC8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after the type locality, Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia, in combination with the - tonius stem from the existing generic name Pinkertonius Bradford-Grieve, Boxshall & Blanco-Bercial, 2014, alluding to the similarity of the genus Pinkertonius. The gender is masculine.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
80A41A6A38FB5E2184ED1769FD526F7A.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 (female); 6 – 8 (male)	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
80A41A6A38FB5E2184ED1769FD526F7A.taxon	description	Description of adult female. Body (Fig. 2 A, B) with a total length of 0.91 – 0.95 mm (measured from anterior margin of cephalosome to tip of furcal rami; mean: 0.93 mm; n = 3), slightly dorsoventrally flattened; integument covered with hair-like spinules. Prosome six-segmented, elliptical, ~ 70 % of body length and 2.2 × as long as urosome, ~ 2.3 × as long as wide, with greatest width at posterior margin of the first pedigerous somite (P 1 - bearing somite) (Fig. 2 A). Cephalosome and all pedigerous somites free, with smooth hyaline frill on posterior margin of cephalosome and first four pedigerous somites (Fig. 2 A, B); postero-lateral corners symmetrical and rounded (Fig. 2 B). Naupliar eye not discernible. Urosome four-segmented, comprising genital double-somite, and three free abdominal somites; all somites with finely serrated hyaline frill on posterior margin (Fig. 2 C – F). Genital double-somite barrel-shaped (Fig. 2 E), ~ 27 % of urosome length, as long as wide, with greatest width at mid-length of double-somite, with lingual-shaped genital operculum ventromedially; two gonoporal plates triangular-shaped, partially hidden under genital operculum (Fig. 2 E). Three free abdominal somites subequal in length. Anal somite with slightly developed anal operculum; posterior margin with serrated hyaline frill dorso-laterally (Fig. 2 F, G); anal operculum with smooth free margin, ornamented with row of spinules (Fig. 2 F). Furcal rami (Fig. 2 F, G) symmetrical, parallel, each ~ 3 × as long as wide, with serrated hyaline frill on distal margin and two cuticular pores laterally (Fig. 2 F, G); furcal setae I and III absent; furcal seta II spiniform, with setulae along inner margin; seta IV shorter than seta V, with breaking planes and plumose; seta V longest, with breaking plane and plumose, sub-equal to urosome length, ~ 1.2 × as long as seta IV; seta VI plumose, ~ 0.8 × as long as seta V; seta VII very short and plumose, inserted beside seta VI (Fig. 3 A). Length ratio of furcal setae II to ramus length ~ 0.5 and the ratio of setae to ramus length from seta IV to seta VII: 3.3: 3.9: 3.0: 0.2. Rostrum (Figs 2 B, 3 D) well developed, single plate and V-shaped; base broad, completely fused to anterior margin of cephalic shield and tapering to rounded tip between bases of antennules, with two sensillae, lacking rostral filaments. Antennules (Figs 2 A, 3 C, D) symmetrical, representing 26 - segmented, reaching distal margin of urosomite 2; ancestral segments II and III completely fused, representing evident segment II; ancestral segments X – XI partly fused, with remnant of ancestral articulation; ultimate segments ~ 1 / 3 of the length of pre-ultimate segment. Armature formula as follows (Roman numerals correspond to ancestral segment): 1 + ae (I), 2 + ae (II – III), 1 + ae (IV), 2 + ae (V), 2 + ae (VI), 2 + ae (VII), 2 + ae (VIII), 2 + ae (IX), 2 + ae (X), 2 + ae (XI), 2 + ae (XII), 2 + ae (XIII), 2 + ae (XIV), 2 + ae (XV), 2 + ae (XVI), 2 + ae (XVII), 2 + ae (XVIII), 2 + ae (XIX), 2 + ae (XX), 2 + ae (XXI), 1 (XXII), 1 (XXIII), 2 (XXIV), 2 + ae (XXV), 2 (XXVI), 5 + ae (XXVII – XXVIII). Antennae (Fig. 4 A) biramous. Coxa short, bearing one seta on distomedial corner. Basis with two setae on distomedial corner. Exp nine-segmented, setal formula from proximal to distal segments: 1.1. 1.1. 1.1. 1.1. 3. Endp two-segmented; proximal segment bearing two setae inserted at the same place on medial margin; distal segment bilobed, bearing nine apical setae on medial lobe and seven apical setae on distal lobe, with curved row of spinules on outer margin. Mandibles (Fig. 4 B) with sclerotised gnathobase comprising nine cuspidate teeth and one small dorsal seta on cutting edge. Mandibular palp biramous; basis with four setae on inner margin. Exp five-segmented, setal formula from proximal to distal segments: 1.1. 1.1. 2. Endp two-segmented; proximal segment with four setae on distomedial corner; distal segment short, with ten apical setae. Maxillulae (Fig. 4 C) with praecoxal arthrite bearing nine spinulose and spiniform marginal setae and one smooth marginal seta, with one seta on anterior surface and four setae on posterior surface; proximalmost one on posterior surface longest, unipinnate. Coxal epipodite with nine apical setae; two proximal ones shortest; coxal endite with six apical setae. Basis fused to Endp, proximal and distal endites armed with four and five apical setae, respectively; basal exite knob-like appearance, unarmed. Exp with eleven setae along apical and outer margin. Endp two-segmented, proximal and middle segments completely fused, setal formula: 4.3. 7. Maxillae (Fig. 4 D) seven-segmented, comprising praecoxa, coxa, basis and four-segmented Endp. Proximal and distal praecoxal endites with five and three apical setae, respectively. Coxa with two endites, each armed with three apical setae, with long spinules near distal margin of endite. Basis with large basal endite, armed with four apical setae; one of which strong and spiniform. Endp with setal formula: 3.2.2.3. Maxillipeds (Fig. 4 E) eight-segmented, comprising syncoxa, basis, and six-segmented Endp. Syncoxa with four syncoxal endites, setal formula: 1.2.4.4; one seta on second and third endite ~ 2 × as long as seta arising nearby. Basis with three medial setae, with row of spinules on anterior surface. Endp with setal formula: 2.4. 4.3. 3 + 1.4; seta 4 on segment II of Endp spiniform, with feather-like tip (Fig. 4 G). P 1 – P 4 (Figs 5 A – H, 6 A – D) biramous, comprising coxa, basis, and three-segmented rami. Integument ornamented with numerous spinules and short hairs. Intercoxal sclerite sub-rectangular. Coxa with medial seta on distomedial corner. Basis of P 2 – P 4 with cuticular window representing remnant of armament on outer margin (Figs 5 G, 6 C, D) but the remnant not discernible in P 1 (Fig. 6 B). Outer spine of P 1 Exp setiform; those of Exp of P 2 – P 4 stronger and oar-shaped. Distolateral corner of P 1 Exp - 2 drawn out into mint leaf-like process; those of Exp- 1 and Exp - 2 of P 2 – P 4 slightly extended, with two acutely protrusions beside spine; inner protrusion larger and longer than outer one. Anterior surfaces of Exp- 1 and Exp - 2 with cuticular pores near insertion of outer spine; Exp - 2 with acutely minute process near distomedial corner in P 2 – P 4 but not discernible in P 1; Exp - 3 with cuticular pores near insertion of both proximalmost outer spine and outer apical one. Endp of all swimming legs with cuticular pores near distal margin of Endp- 1 and at distal ~ 1 / 4 of Endp - 3. Outer and outer apical spines of all swimming legs relatively short, oar-shaped; inner apical spine with serrated cuticular expansion on outer margin. Armature of swimming legs as presented in Table 1. Some other characteristics of P 1 – P 4 as following described. P 1 (Figs 5 A – C, 6 A, B). Coxa trapezoidal; anterior surface with triangular expansion on proximomedial corner and oval integumental window near distomedial corner; integumental window surrounded by curved spinules. Basis bearing medial seta on distomedial corner but lacking either lateral seta or remnant of armament on outer margin; posterior surface with short curved hyaline process near insertion of Exp (Fig. 6 B). Anterior surface of Exp- 1 with row of long spinules on distolateral corner. Endp- 1 with bifid indenture on distolateral corner and long spinules along posterior margin; Endp - 2 with an acute indenture on distolateral corner. P 2 (Fig. 5 D, E). Coxa rectangular. Posterior surface of Exp- 1 with circular integumental window near insertion of inner seta; Exp - 3 with two outer spines. Endp- 1 with an acute indenture on distolateral corner; that of Exp - 2 bifid. P 3 (Figs 5 F, G, 6 C) as that of P 2 but Exp- 1 lacking integumental window on posterior surfaces and Exp - 3 with three outer spines. P 4 (Figs 5 H, 6 D) Coxa sub-quadrate. Basis and rami as those of P 3. P 5 (Figs 6 E, 7 A) biramous, with both rami three-segmented; armament as in Table 1. Integument and intercoxal sclerite as described for P 2 – P 4. Coxa rectangular, longer than wide; medial seta shorter than those of P 1 – P 4. Basis, Exp- 1 and Exp - 2 as in P 3 and P 4, but inner seta on Exp- 1 shorter than those of P 1 – P 4. Exp - 3 ~ 2.5 × as long as wide, offset on inner side at distal ~ 1 / 3 of segment. Endp- 1 and Endp - 2 with an acute indenture on distolateral corner each; Endp - 3 longer than length of Endp- 1 and Endp - 2 combined. Ornamentation as that of P 3 and P 4.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
80A41A6A38FB5E2184ED1769FD526F7A.taxon	description	Description of adult male. Body (Fig. 7 B) with a total length of 0.87 and 0.89 mm (measured from anterior margin of cephalosome to tip of furcal rami; mean: 0.89 mm; n = 2). Habitus slightly smaller and slenderer than in female (Fig. 7 B, C). Prosome six-segmented, elliptical, ~ 70 % of body length and 2.2 × as long as urosome, ~ 2.6 × as long as wide, with greatest width at posterior margin of the first pedigerous somite. Cephalosome and first three pedigerous somites similar to those in female. Naupliar eye not discernible. Urosome five-segmented; comprising genital somite and four free abdominal somites. Genital somite slightly asymmetrical; ventral surface with gonopore on proximal margin. All free abdominal somites similar in length, each with finely serrated hyaline frill on posterior margin. Anal somite identical to that of female (Fig. 7 B, D). Furcal rami (Fig. 7 D) identical to that of female, ~ 3 × as long as wide. Armament and ornamentation identical to that of female. Antennules asymmetrical. Left antennule non-geniculate, reaching distal margin of urosomite 2; articulation and setation identical to those of female. Right antennule geniculate, representing 22 - segmented (Fig. 8 A, B); ancestral segments II – IV completely fused, representing evident segment II; ancestral segment XIV with hook-like transformed seta; ancestral segments XXI – XXIII and XXIV – XXV completely fused representing evident segment XIX and XX, respectively; ultimate segments ~ 1 / 3 of the length of pre-ultimate segment; armature formula as follows (Roman numerals correspond to ancestral segment): 1 + ae (I), 3 + 2 ae (II – IV), 2 + ae (V), 2 (VI), 2 + ae (VII), 2 + ae (VIII), 2 + ae (IX), 2 + ae (X), 2 + ae (XI), 2 + ae (XII), 2 + ae (XIII); 1 hooked seta + 1 + ae (XIV), 2 + ae (XV), 2 + ae (XVI), 2 + ae (XVII), 2 + ae (XVIII), 1 + ae (XIX), 1 (XX), 1 + ae (XXI – XXIII), 4 + ae (XXIV – XXV), 2 (XXVI), 5 + ae (XXVII – XXVIII). Antenna, mandible, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped, and P 1 - P 4 as those of female. P 5 (Fig. 8 C-E) biramous, asymmetrical. intercoxal sclerite as described for female P 3; coxa lacking medial seta. Left leg biramous; coxa and basis as shown; Exp and Endp three-segmented each. Exp- 1 lacking inner seta, with conical, smooth outer spine; Exp - 2 transformed, with claw-like extension on medial margin and conical, smooth outer spine; Exp - 3 with conical, smooth subapical spine and minute apical spine, with claw-like cuticular expansion at base (Fig. 8 C, D); Endp inserted on medial socket of basis; Endp- 1 without inner seta, anterior surface longer than posterior one; Endp - 2 shorter than that of right leg, with inner seta; Endp - 3 with six marginal setae and cuticular pore on anterior surface. Right leg biramous; coxa and basis as shown; Exp and Endp three-segmented each; Exp- 1 and Exp - 2 elongate, each with one outer spine, but lacking inner seta each; Exp - 3 with apical spine fused to segment bearing it, with spine on both lateral and medial margin; Endp- 1 as that of right leg; Endp - 2 longer than that of left leg, with longitudinal groove on distolateral corner and inner seta; Endp - 3 as that of right leg.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
80A41A6A38FB5E2184ED1769FD526F7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet was conferred in honour of Mr Roihan Han, a Malaysian deep dive record holder (at a depth of 164 m), who also led the Turtle Tomb exploration activity. Consequently, the name is a noun in the genitive singular.	en	Boonyanusith, Chaichat, Wongkamhaeng, Koraon, Azman, Abdul-Rahim (2024): Sipadantonius roihani gen. et sp. nov., a new genus and species of Pseudocyclopidae Giesbrecht, 1893 (Copepoda, Calanoida) from the marine cave “ Turtle Tomb ” of Sipadan Island, Sabah, Malaysia. ZooKeys 1219: 303-329, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1219.133132
