identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CA69940524780713CF90BAFEFB43FE22.text	CA69940524780713CF90BAFEFB43FE22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solanum scabrum IN	<div><p>KEY TO THE SUBSPECIES OF SOLANUM SCABRUM IN AFRICA</p><p>1a. Stems angled, winged, ridge teeth prominent; leaf apices obtuse to acute; inflorescence often branching, peduncle at right angles with branch, not ascending, flowers purple in Ugandan collections, white in the gene bank accessions, anthers brown, purplish brown, or yellow; mature fruits large, 10– 15(16–17) mm broad, fruiting pedicel erect, fruit persistent........... S. scabrum subsp. scabrum</p><p>1b. Stems terete, wings and ridge teeth absent; leaf apices acuminate to almost aristate; inflorescence without branching, peduncle at less than 90 ° with branch and ascending, flowers white, anthers yellow; mature fruits smaller, 8–10 mm broad, fruiting pedicel reflexed, fruit persistent or deciduous.................. S. scabrum subsp. laevis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA69940524780713CF90BAFEFB43FE22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Olet, Eunice Apio;Heun, Manfred;Lye, Kåre A.	Olet, Eunice Apio, Heun, Manfred, Lye, Kåre A. (2006): A New Subspecies of Solanum scabrum Miller Found in Uganda. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 16 (4): 508-511, DOI: 10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2
CA69940524780712CDADBE6AFEB4FD62.text	CA69940524780712CDADBE6AFEB4FD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solanum scabrum subsp. scabrum Miller, Gard. Dict.	<div><p>1a. Solanum scabrum subsp. scabrum Miller, Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768.</p><p>TYPE: U.S.A. Virginia. P. Miller s.n. (lectotype, BM).</p><p>Erect herb or subshrub ca. 0.7–1.2 m, with few branches spreading horizontally, moderately to densely pubescent with simple appressed eglandular hairs (pilose); stems purple or greenish purple, angled with prominent dentate wings. Leaves orbicular to broadly ovate, 10–14(16) × 6–13.5 cm; lamina purplish green or green with a purple tint; veins purple; leaf base cordate to truncate; leaf apex acute, subacute to obtuse, rarely cuspidate; leaf margin sinuate to entire or entire; petiole winged halfway up or not winged. Inflorescence umbellate to racemose or of extended cymes, sometimes branching once, 6- to 12(16)- flowered; peduncles at right angles with branch, 1.6–3(3.3) cm; pedicels reflexed or straight, 6– 10 mm. Corolla stellate, purple with dark green to yellowish green base, 11–14(16) mm wide; style 3– 4 mm, geniculate, rarely straight, exserted ca. 0.5– 2 mm beyond anthers, rarely absent; calyx campanulate, rarely stellate; anthers brown, purplish brown, or yellow with deep purple tint and dark purple middle, (2)2.5–3 mm long. Ripe fruits deep purple to black with deep blue to purple pulp, or deep purple to black with dark blue pulp, 10–15(16–17) mm broad; fruit cuticle thick and opaque; mature sepal lobes ovate, mature calyx reflexed away from berry, strongly adherent, persistent; fruits persistent on plant when ripe; fruit pedicel erect or reflexed; seeds creamish green to brown, (1.7)1.8–2.1 mm; stone cells absent.</p><p>The type of the autonymic subspecies is taken from a plant cultivated in Chelsea Physics Garden in London (Miller, 1768). For more details on lectotypification see Henderson (1974) and Edmonds (1979).</p><p>Because this plant is so widely cultivated in the tropics of both hemispheres, it has previously been difficult to ascertain its origin (Edmonds &amp; Chweya, 1997; Bukenya &amp; Carasco, 1995). Today, it is probably most widely cultivated in West Africa (Berinyuy et al., 2002), while in Uganda it is rare and is cultivated only in Kigezi, in southwest Uganda.</p><p>Notes on the type. The type of Solanum scabrum at BM is nearly 250 years old, but it is in excellent condition with flowers and young fruits. The only important character that cannot be observed is the size of the mature berry. However, with its winged spiny stem, it is noticeably different from subspecies laevis described below.</p><p>Vernacular name. Nswiga ya Kizungu (Lukiga).</p><p>Collections from Uganda (DNA-tested). Western region: Kigezi, Kabale distr., Rubanda co., Kachwekano farm, 10 km SW of Kabale town, 2001, E. A. Olet 48, 49 &amp; 50 (MHU).</p><p>Collections from Uganda (not DNA-tested). Wes-Western region: Kigezi, Ruzhumbura, Bugangari, near habitation, Feb. 1949, J. W. Purseglove 2712 (K); Kigezi D.F.T., open waste places near cultivated plots, 28 Aug. 1972, P. M. Good e 3/72 (K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA69940524780712CDADBE6AFEB4FD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Olet, Eunice Apio;Heun, Manfred;Lye, Kåre A.	Olet, Eunice Apio, Heun, Manfred, Lye, Kåre A. (2006): A New Subspecies of Solanum scabrum Miller Found in Uganda. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 16 (4): 508-511, DOI: 10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2
CA69940524790715CF65BEAAFED2FED3.text	CA69940524790715CF65BEAAFED2FED3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Solanum scabrum subsp. laevis Olet 2006	<div><p>1b. Solanum scabrum Miller subsp. laevis Olet, subsp. nov.</p><p>TYPE: Uganda. U4, Buganda, Kampala district, Kawempe div., Kawempe North, Kalerwe, Tula rd., edge of barbed wire fence next to local road, 1220 m, 14 Feb. 2001, E. A. Olet 88 (holotype, MHU ; isotypes, K, MO). Figure 1.</p><p>Herba annua; caule laevi herbaceo; ramis teretibus. Foliis ovatis, non dentato-angulatis, glabris. Inflorescentia 4 ad 10 flora. Calyx 5-lobatus, in statu fructifero reflexus; corolla alba. Baccae fere 10 mm diam., globosae, nigrae; semina 1.5–2 mm longa.</p><p>Semi-decumbent spreading herb, about 0.7–1.2 m high, highly branched, subglabrous to glabrous, pilose; stems purple to greenish purple, terete and expanded at nodes. Leaves cordate, 6–13.4 × 3.3– 7.3 cm; lamina dark green or dark green with purple patches; veins purple; leaf base truncate, rounded, subcuneate to cuneate; leaf apex acute to acuminate, sometimes aristate; leaf margin repand to entire; petiole winged halfway or not winged. Inflorescence lax cymes or lax usually extended cymes, (4)6- to 8(10)-flowered; peduncle at less than 90 ° with branch, ascending, 1.2–2 cm. Pedicels reflexed, 4.5–7(8) mm; mature calyx campanulate; corolla stellate, white with green to greenish yellow base, up to 12(13) mm wide; style (3.2)3.5–4.5(4.7) mm, prominently geniculate, exserted ca. 1.3–2 mm beyond anthers; anthers yellow to deep yellow, (2)2.3–3 mm. Ripe fruits deep purple to shiny black with greenish pulp, up to 10 mm broad; fruit cuticle of medium thickness and opaque; mature sepal lobes ovate, mature calyx reflexed away from berry, remains attached or not, fruits remaining or falling off from plant, fruit pedicel reflexed; seeds creamish green, 1.5–2 mm; stone cells absent.</p><p>Habitat and distribution. Along streams and in open parts of upland forests, especially Mt. Ruwenzori, but also in gardens and banana plantations, 1080–2500 m.</p><p>Phenology. In Uganda flowering is reported in February, March, May, August, November, and December, and fruiting in the same months.</p><p>Conservation status. This taxon is here assessed as Least Concern (LC), using the criteria detailed by IUCN (2001).</p><p>Note. Although we are describing subspecies laevis from Uganda only, it is very likely a mostly West African plant with its easternmost distribution area in Uganda. It is likely that West African wild forms are so intermixed with the cultivated plants that they are less easily recognized than in Uganda, where cultivation is very restricted.</p><p>Paratypes. UGANDA. Eastern region, Busoga, Kamuli dist., Bulamogi co., Namugongo subco., Bukomankola, 2 km W of Kaliro town, E. A. Olet 11 (K, MHU); Mwiga, 4 km NW of Kaliro, E. A. Olet 14 (MHU, NLH); 1 km W of Kaliro, E. A. Olet 15 (K, MHU). Central region, Buganda, Kampala dis., Kawempe div., Kawempe south, Makerere University, E. A. Olet 70 (EA, MHU).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA69940524790715CF65BEAAFED2FED3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Olet, Eunice Apio;Heun, Manfred;Lye, Kåre A.	Olet, Eunice Apio, Heun, Manfred, Lye, Kåre A. (2006): A New Subspecies of Solanum scabrum Miller Found in Uganda. Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 16 (4): 508-511, DOI: 10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/1055-3177(2006)16[508:ansoss]2.0.co;2
