taxonID	type	description	language	source
CA108789FFF0FFFBFF5030D66BE8254B.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — China. Hupeh (= Hubei): Ichang (= Yichang), A. Henry 6764 (lectotype designated here, P 00705765!; isolectotypes K 000778200!, K 000778201!, K 000778202!, BM 000598141!, BM 000598142!, P 00705766!, HUH 00006077!).	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF0FFFBFF5030D66BE8254B.taxon	description	Description: — Herbs 60 – 100 cm tall, perennial. Stem erect, branched above, ribbed, unwinged, glabrous or with sparse long multicellular hairs. Leaves concolorous, surface green, smooth, with sparse multicellular hairs along veins or glabrous, basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate; leaf blade oblanceolate, or ± narrowly elliptic, 10 – 20 × 4 – 6 cm, pinnatilobate; segments 4 – 7 pairs, elliptic, margin with 1 – 3 mm spine. Middle and upper cauline leaves similar but sessile and semiamplexicaul and gradually smaller upward. Capitula corymbose, nodding. Involucre campanulate, ca. 3 – 4 cm in diam., glabrous. Phyllaries in ca. 7 rows, green, lacking wings and scarious appendage, all of similar length; outer and middle phyllaries lanceolate or linear, pectinately fringed with dense spinules, apex narrowed into a spinule; inner phyllaries linear, not spinulose. Florets bisexual. Corolla white, ca. 1.3 cm, tube ca. 0.7 cm. Achene brownish, ca. 4 mm. Pappus bristles brownish, to 1.2 cm. Phenology: — Flowering from July to September.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF0FFFBFF5030D66BE8254B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Cirsium henryi is distributed in western Hubei, China. It grows in roadside and open meadow at elevations between 1800 – 2700 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Hubei: Shennongjia, Sino-Amer. Exped. 938 (PE 01039382, HIB 0002121, HIB 0002122, NAS 00487082, KUN 0048300), Shengnongjia Exped. 21923 (PE 01039708, PE 01039709, HIB 0002118, HIB 0002119), Shengnongjia Exped. 22787 (PE 01039710, PE 01039711), Shengnongjia Exped. 221531 (PE 01039712, PE 01039713, PE 01039714), Shengnongjia Exped. 32443 (PE 01039716, HIB 0002120), Shengnongjia Exped. 10833 (PE 01039717, PE 01039718, HIB 0002115), Z. E. Zhao 70 (HIB 0002113), Y. T. Hou et al. 16172 (QFNU 0041974, QFNU 0041975, QFNU 0041975, QFNU 0041976); Yichang: D. G. Zhang at el. 2671 (JIUHHE 117440). Notes: — In the protologue of Cirsium henryi, Franchet (1897) cited only one collection, i. e. Henry 6764, but he did not specify the herbarium in which this collection was preserved. Thus the eight specimens of this collection, three kept in K, two in P, two in BM and one in HUH, should be regarded as syntypes. Here we designate one sheet in P (P 00705765; Fig. 1 A) as the lectotype of C. henryi.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF1FFF9FF5035B06AA22148.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, around Tali (= Dali) and the valley north of Tali Lake (= Erhai), 15 Oct. 1904, G. Forrest 10 (lectotype designated here, E 00383866!); Yunnan, Maire 1289 (original syntype, E). = Cirsium chlorolepis Petrak ex Handel-Mazzetti (1926: 109), syn. nov. Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, Yunnanfu (= Kunming), 30 July 1916, Schoch 279 (holotype, WU 0061227!).	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF1FFF9FF5035B06AA22148.taxon	description	Description: — Root tuberoid. Capitula nodding. Phyllaries green or purplish red. Corolla white or light yellow. For full description see Shi & Werner (2011) under Cirsium chlorolepis. Phenology: — Flowering from July to October.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF1FFF9FF5035B06AA22148.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Cirsium taliense is distributed in Yunnan province of China. C. taliense is not distributed in Guizhou. The only specimen identified by Shih (1984) as C. taliense from Guizhou is actually a misidentification of C. botryodes Petrak (1926: 109). Cirsium taliense grows in roadside and grasslands on mountain slopes at elevations 1300 – 3000 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Yunnan: Anning, Z. Y. Wu 92 (KUN 0727667); Binchuan, Y. S. Bao et al. 291 (KUN 0727674, KUN 0727675); Dali, Z. J. Yi et al. 3608 (KUN 0975988); Kunming, B. Y. Qiu 77749 (CDBI 0149196, KUN 0727669), B. Y. Qiu 60124 (CDBI 0149193, KUN 0727668), B. Y. Qiu 80 - 56 (0727670), T. N. Liou 13865 (PE 00455479, PE 00455483), T. N. Liou 019304 (PE 00455480), Anonymous 2151 (PE 00455481), H. Koyama et al. 200 (KUN 0727671), G. X. Liang 95 (KUN 0727657); Lijiang, T. T. Yu 15505 (PE 00455482, PE 00455483, KUN 0727655, KUN 0727656), Hideaki Ohba et al. 86 (KUN 0727672), S. D. Zhang al et. L- 071 (KUN 1496027), S. D. Zhang al et. L- 073 (KUN 1496090). Notes: — In the protologue of Cirsium taliense, Jeffrey (1912) cited two collections, i. e. G. Forrest 10 and Maire 1289. So these two specimens are syntypes. Here we designate one sheet of G. Forrest 10 in E (E 00383866; Fig. 3 A) as the lectotype of C. taliense. In the protologue, the author compared the species with C. henryi, stating that C. taliense is very similar to C. henryi, but differs in the florets of C. taliense are twice as long, and the leaves scabrid and much more spinous. Shih (1984) treated it as the synonym of the Cirsium henryi, and this treatment was followed in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Shih 1987) and Flora of China (Shi & Werner 2011). Our examination of type specimens of Cirsium taliense and C. henryi and observations on living plants agreed with the view of Jeffrey that C. taliense is quite distinct from C. henryi by leaves adaxially covered densely spinules and abaxially covered sparse spinules and no obvious spinules at the margin of phyllaries. These traits do not belong to the sect. Isolepis which C. henryi belongs to, but in accordance with the characteristics of sect. Eptitrachys. Thus C. taliense is readily distinguishable from C. henryi, but not essentially different from C. chlorolepis Petrak ex Handel- Mazzetti (1926: 109), which belongs to sect. Eptitrachys. Cirsium chlorolepis was described on the basis of the collection, Schoch 279 (Fig. 2 D, E, F), from Yunnan province of China. They have no obvious differences in main traits between their type specimens, but there are some differences in the shape of leaves and density of spinules of phyllaries abaxially. Through extensive herbarium survey, we found that C. chlorolepis is itself indeed somewhat variable in the leaf and density of spinules of phyllaries abaxially. It seems likely that Shih (1984) did not see the type materials of Cirsium taliense, since the type material in the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Herbarium (E) was not determined by him. In the article of Shih, it is mentioned that there is no combination of phyllaries pectinately fringed with spinules and leaves adaxially covered with spinules in the sect. Eptitrachys. If he had examined the type, he would not treated it as the synonym of C. henryi. Cirsium taliense was merged into C. henryi probably because of the two specimens (T. T. Yu 12405; T. T. Yu 11849) in PE, which were misidentified as C. taliense by Ling and Shih (1984), but in fact C. forrestii. Since Cirsium taliense was published earlier than C. chlorolepis, we reduce C. chlorolepis to its synonym.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF3FFF2FF5031AD6D9D25A7.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, Lichang (= Lijiang), 15 June 1906, G. Forrest 2373 (holotype, E 0038389!). = Cirsium melanoplepis Petrak (1938: 48) Type: — CHINA. Yunnan, Likiang (= Lijiang), 15 May 1922, J. F. Rock 4751 (lectotype designated here, E 00383880!; isolectotype US 00116136!); Yunnan, Lichiang (= Lijiang), G. Forrest 6215 (original syntype, E 00459670!).	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF3FFF2FF5031AD6D9D25A7.taxon	description	Description: — Herbs 30 – 50 cm tall, perennial. Stems erect, branched above, rarely unbranched, unwinged, with dense multicellular hairs. Leaves concolorous, surface green, with ± dense multicellular hairs. Basal and lower cauline leaves petiolate; leaf blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ± narrowly elliptic, 10 – 18 × 4 – 8 cm, pinnatilobate or pinnatisect; segments 5 – 8 pairs, elliptic, lanceolate, or triangular, with unequal triangular teeth laterally spiny and with an apical 6 – 7 mm spine; terminal segment largest. Middle and upper cauline leaves similar but sessile and semiamplexicaul and gradually smaller upward. Capitula corymbose or paniculate, erect or rarely nodding. Involucre campanulate, ca. 2 cm in diam., glabrous. Phyllaries in ca. 6 rows, green, lacking wings and scarious appendage, all of similar length; outer and middle phyllaries narrowly triangular, 11 – 14 × 1.5 – 2 mm, pectinately fringed with 2.5 – 3 mm spinules, apex narrowed into a spinule; inner phyllaries triangular to lanceolate, 13 – 14 × ca. 2 mm, not spinulose. Florets bisexual. Corolla purple, ca. 1.2 cm, tube ca. 0.7 cm. Achene brownish, ca. 4 mm. Pappus bristles brownish, to 1.1 cm. Phenology: — Flowering from June to October.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
CA108789FFF3FFF2FF5031AD6D9D25A7.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Cirsium forrestii is distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan province of China. It grows in meadows at elevations 2700 – 3500 m above sea level. Additional specimens examined: — CHINA. Sichuan: Emeishan, C. Q. Li 2856 (PE 00455653), T. H. Tu 608 (PE 00455659, PE 00607935), W. P. Fang et al. 20657 (PE 00455662), X. L. Jiang et al. 31352 (PE 00455663), T. N. Liou at el. 1203 (PE 00455664), F. Z. Wang 23425 (KUN 0727788), C. Q. Li 3467 (KUN 0727791); Leibo, Econ. Plant Exped. 0821 (PE 00455650, PE 00455651), Leshan, S. L. Sun 1037 (PE 00455668, KUN 0727790), Wuhan Univ. 7842 (KUN 0727789); Lixian, C Shih. et al. 12811 (PE 00455658); Maoxian, Maowen Exped. 2585 (PE 00455652, PE 00455661); Yanyuan, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 12395 (KUN 0727792); Zhaojue, Anonymous 12801 (CDBI 0149191, CDBI 0149192). Yunnan: Kunming, Yiliang, H. T. Tsai 52169 (KUN 0727771); Lijiang, G. Forrest 6215 (E 00459670, syntype of C. melanoplepis), PE Hengduan Mountain Exped. 02501 (PE 00455672, PE 00455673), PE Hengduan Mountain Exped. 2464 (PE 00455677, PE 00455678, PE 00455669), C. W. Wang 71482 (KUN 0727773), C. W. Wang 71482 (KUN 0727773); Shangri-la, T. T. Yu 11849 (PE 00455679, PE 00455671), T. T. Yu 12405 (PE 00455680, PE 00455670, KUN 0727774), Zhongdian Exped. 2814 (KUN 0727779). Notes: — Shih (1984) treated Cirsium melanoplepis and C. forrestii as synonyms of C. henryi and this treatment was followed in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Shi 1987) and Flora of China (Shi & Werner 2011). After examining of the type specimens of Cirsium forrestii and C. melanoplepis, we found these two taxa are readily distinguishable. Morphologcally, C. forrestii is readily distinguishable from C. henryi by the stems with dense multicellular hairs (vs. sparsely hairs or glabrous), leaf blade pinnatilobate or pinnatisect (vs. pinnatilobate), segments elliptic, lanceolate, or triangular (vs. elliptic), capitula erect or rarely nodding (vs. nodding), outer and middle phyllaries narrowly triangular (vs. lanceolate or linear), pectinately fringed with spinules (vs. dense spinules). A detailed morphological comparison between C. forrestii and C. henryi is given in Table 1. Geographically, C. forrestii is distributed in Yunnan and Sichuan province, whereas C. henryi is distributed in Hubei, and both are clearly geographically separated (Fig. 6). Cirsium melanoplepis was described on the basis of two collections, J. F. Rock 4751 (Fig. 3 A, B) and G. Forrest 6215 (Fig. 3 C) from Lijiang, Yunnan, China. So these two specimens are syntypes. Here we designate one sheet of J. F. Rock 4751 in E (E 00383880; Fig. 5 A) as the lectotype of C. melanoplepis. In the protologue, the author stated that it is similar to C. forrestii, but differed by its pinnatisect leaves and triangular segments. Through examination of the type materials and other specimens, we found that C. forrestii and C. melanoplepis have no differences in important traits. There are continuous variations between pinnatilobate and pinnatisect leaves of this species. In the identification of this species, the shape of leaves is not an important character. Obviously, C. melanoplepis and C. forrestii are conspecific. On the basis of the above analyses, we reinstate the independent specific status of Cirsium forrestii. Because C. forrestii was published earlier than C. melanoplepis, we reduce C. melanoplepis to its synonym.	en	Jin, Zi-Chao, Chen, You-Sheng (2021): The identity of Cirsium henryi (Asteraceae, Cardueae). Phytotaxa 487 (3): 263-272, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.6
