taxonID	type	description	language	source
C80C2B60C90E4D07FF13FD14FB25FE97.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Cuvier & Valenciennes (1828, p. 397) mention only ‘ Bresil’, and Delalande as collector. The catalogue of the MNHN indicates, more specifically, that the type material was collected by Delalande at 15 ° S, 35 °, East of Ilheus, Bahia State (Fig. 1). The longitude is most likely wrong. The information available from the MNHN’s catalogue does not indicate the date of collection. Pierre Antoine Delalande (1787 – 1823), a French naturalist working for the MNHN, traveled to Brazil in 1816 to collect for the Museum. He arrived in Rio de Janeiro on June 1 st, and returned after a short collecting trip. So the time of collection is most likely the winter of 1816. Type repository: MNHN Paris 0000 - 6407, two syntypes, SL: 12.5 cm and 13.4 cm; TL: 15.4 cm and 16.3 cm, respectively; preserved in ETOH. Material examined: MZUSP 2388 São Paulo, Brazil (three specimens, TL: 12.1 cm, 10.1 cm, 14.9 cm); MZUSP 14890 São Paulo, Brazil (four specimens, TL: 22.2 cm, 28.7 cm, 22.4 cm, 28 cm); MZUSP 70738 São Paulo, Brazil (one specimen, TL: 10.4 cm); MZUSP 70743 São Paulo, Brazil (one specimen, TL: 11.1 cm).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
C80C2B60C90E4D07FF13FD14FB25FE97.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Anal fin with 3 spines and 8 soft rays; caudal fin truncated or slightly rounded; pectoral fins with 15 – 16 soft rays. Three large spines on the inferior margin of the preopercle, the anterior two pointing anteriorly. Lateral line with 56 – 61 pored scales. Pectoral fins at least 35 % longer than pelvic fins. Light or dark brownish color; 5 silvery-grey to dark brown vertical bars on sides and caudal peduncle, well defined at all ages; belly light, whitish to yellowish; no vermiculated pattern in the body; fins with similar body color pattern. Up to 40 cm TL. Field observations: Observed and photographed in its natural habitat during diving surveys conducted at Cabo Frio (Brazil) in March 2008 (Fig. 3).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
C80C2B60C90E4D07FF13FD14FB25FE97.taxon	discussion	Remarks: Cuvier & Valenciennes (1828), Berg (1899), Fowler (1951), Figueiredo & Menezes (1980) and Carvalho-Filho (1999) reported a uniform brownish color with 5 or 6 vertical bands varying from bluish-grey to dark brown. Our observation of live and preserved specimens (Fig. 3) confirm that pattern. Figueiredo & Menezes (1980) reported a ratio between the lengths of the pectoral and pelvic fins in the range 1.43 – 1.56; among the specimens examined by us (n = 9) the range was somewhat wider: 1.35 to 1.63. Fowler (1956) counted 112 scales on the lateral line, while Figueiredo & Menezes (1980) counted 60; clearly, Fowler (op. cit.) was referring to the total number of scales (lateral scale series), and Figueiredo & Menezes (op. cit.) to pored scales. In the specimens examined by us the number of pored lateral line scales ranged between 58 and 61. There are three spines on the preopercle and opercle (Fig. 4 A), as noticed by Berg (1899).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
C80C2B60C90F4D02FF13F8D4FB2FFCF7.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Syntypes were collected by Darwin at two locations, both off the coast of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina): one off the mouth of La Plata River, 40 fathoms (= 73 m) (TL: 15 inches ~ 38 cm), and two at 38 ° 20 ’ S (TL: 9 and 7.5 inches, ~ 23 and 19 cm) (Fig. 1). Darwin sailed through the type location between August, 1832 and December, 1833 in a series of survey cruises onboard of the Beagle Voyage, commanded by Cap. Fitz Roy. Some of the materials stored in the collections of MACN (Buenos Aires) were collected in the general area of the first locality, and in the immediate vicinity of the second. Type repository: BMNH London 1917.7.14.34 – 35, three syntypes; one dry specimen (uncatalogued). Material examined: MZUSP 70739 São Paulo, Brasil (two specimens, TL: 12.6 cm, 17.2 cm); MZUSP 70740 São Paulo, Brasil (one specimen, TL: 17.5 cm); MZUSP 70741 Uruguay (one specimen, TL: 21.4 cm); MACN 5004 Argentina (two specimens, TL: 24.6 cm, 14.2 cm); MACN 4368 Argentina (one specimen, TL: 33.0 cm); MACN 4662 Quequen, Argentina (one specimen, TL: 24 cm); MACN 8211 Quequen, Argentina (five specimens, TL: 27 cm, 23.7 cm, 21.5 cm, 22.5 cm, 22.4 cm); MACN 5757 Golfo Nuevo, Argentina (three specimens, TL: 39 cm, 30 cm, 36 cm); MACN 4432 Quequen, Argentina (four specimens, TL: 23.2 cm, 23.5 cm, 30.5 cm, 30.2 cm); MACN 805 Mar del Plata, Argentina (two specimens, TL: 27.4 cm, 23.3 cm); MACN 6594 Golfo Nuevo, Argentina (one specimen, TL: 32 cm); MACN 4203 San Blas, Argentina (one specimen, TL: 25.4 cm); MACN 2293 (fourteen specimens, TL: 32 cm, 23.5 cm, 25 cm, 26 cm, 25.4 cm, 16.5 cm, 18.5 cm, 29.2 cm, 20.5 cm, 23.5 cm, 16.5 cm, 20 cm, 25.5 cm, 15.4 cm); MACN 5771 Argentina (one specimen, TL: 35.5 cm); MACN 1241 Golfo San José, Argentina (nine specimens, TL: 27.5 cm, 25.5 cm, 23 cm, 26.4 cm, 275 cm, 255 cm, 245 cm, 23 cm, 26 cm).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
C80C2B60C90F4D02FF13F8D4FB2FFCF7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Anal fin with 2 – 3 spines and 8 – 10 soft rays; caudal fin rounded; pectoral fins with 15 – 17 soft rays. Three or four large spines on the inferior margin of the preopercle, two of them ventrally directed. Lateral line with 67 – 70 pored scales. Pectoral fin not more than 28 % longer than pelvic fin. Dark red, brownish or grey depending on depth and color of the habitat substrate; irregularly shaped dark spots on body and dorsal and anal fins usually forming dark bands on the sides and irregular vermiculated lines, well defined at all sizes. Up to 65 cm TL. Field observations: Thousands of individuals were observed while conducting diving surveys in rocky reefs off northern Patagonia, from the NW of San Matías Gulf (41 º S) to Comodoro Rivadavia (46 º S), many of them caught as part of sampling routines between 2000 and 2008 (Irigoyen 2006; Irigoyen & Venerus 2008). Furthermore thousands of individuals were observed from fisheries captures in the north coast of Argentina (38 º S).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
C80C2B60C90F4D02FF13F8D4FB2FFCF7.taxon	description	Descriptive remarks: Jenyns (1842), Perugia (1890), Figueiredo & Menezes (1980), Nakamura (1986) and Carvalho-Filho (1999) reported that Acanthistius patachonicus is grey to brownish, with dark bands not always visible on the sides, and irregular lines “ zigzagging ” in different directions over the body, dorsal fins and anal fins. The lined “ zigzag ” pattern of A. patachonicus is visible in individuals of all ages (Figueiredo & Menezes 1980; Carvalho-Filho 1999). Our observation of live and preserved specimens confirms that pattern (Fig. 5). Reported ratio between the length of the pectoral and pelvic fins is in the range of 1.18 to 1.28 (Figueiredo & Menezes 1980), and 1.12 to 1.27 in the specimens studied by us. De Mahieu & Capezzani (1976) counted 80 – 100 scales on the lateral line (n = 700), Nakamura (1986) reported 84 – 98, and Figueiredo & Menezes (1980) 68; clearly, the former authors were referring to the total number of scales on the lateral line (lateral scale series), and the latter to pored scales only (lateral line scales). In the specimens examined by us the number of pored lateral line scales ranged between 67 and 70. Coincidentally with Berg (1899) we observed three comparatively long and robust spines on the opercle and preopercle (Fig. 4 B).	en	Irigoyen, Alejo J., Gerhardinger, Leopoldo Cavaleri, Carvalho-Filho, Alfredo (2008): On the status of the species of Acanthistius (Gill, 1862) (Percoidei) in the South-West Atlantic Ocean. Zootaxa 1813: 51-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182825
