identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
2D2E9ABDFFB1519FB3940971FF1F694B.text	2D2E9ABDFFB1519FB3940971FF1F694B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athenaea altoserranae I. M. C. Rodrigues & Stehmann 2021	<div><p>Athenaea altoserranae I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann sp. nov. Figs 1, 2, 3</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to Athenaea fasciculata from which it can be distinguished in leaves arranged in clusters at the top of the stems (versus evenly distributed), warty somewhat lenticellate floral pedicels (versus without lenticels) and dark purplish-brown mature fruits (versus green).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Brazil. São Paulo: Santo André, Distrito de Paranapiacaba, mais ou menos no km 3 da rodovia Estacao de Campo Grande - Paranapiacaba , 18 Oct 1967 (fl, fr), J. Mattos &amp; N. Mattos 15078 (holotype: SP [acc. # 106084]) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Small trees, 3-8 m tall; branching dichotomous, especially distally. Stems quadrangular in cross-section, longitudinally striate, glabrous, brownish. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves usually geminate, occasionally solitary. Leaves simple, alternate, spreading, arranged in clusters (short internodes) near branch apices, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, sometimes elliptic-lanceolate; blades (3.5-) 8.9-28.5 (50) cm long, (1)1.8-8.3 (15) cm wide, 2-6 times longer than wide, coriaceous, slightly discolorous; abaxial and adaxial surfaces glabrous, shiny; venation brochidodromous and prominent abaxially, with 6-12 pairs of principal veins; base attenuate, somewhat decurrent and asymmetric, occasionally somewhat cordate; margins entire and slightly revolute; apex acute or acuminate, sometimes notched (retuse); petioles (0.65-) 1-4(5.3) cm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary, sessile fascicles, with 4-8 flowers; pedicels 1.2-2.5 cm long, spreading or deflexed, glabrous and lenticellate, distally annular (constricted below a swollen pedicel apex). Flower buds globose, greenish-cream. Flowers 5-merous, heteromorphic with short- and long-styled forms. Calyx 1.8-3.5 mm long, campanulate-rotate, green, glabrous, the tube 0.4-1 mm long, the lobes 1-2.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, triangular, the apex acute or obtuse, glabrous on both surfaces. Corolla 7-13 mm long, stellate, white abaxially, cream with green to brownish spots adaxially, the tube 3-4 mm long, the lobes 3.5-9 mm long, 3-5.6 mm wide, triangular-lanceolate, glabrous abaxially, with glandular trichomes (stalk 2-celled, the head unicellular) at the base adaxially, the margins densely papillate. Stamens equal, glabrous; filaments 1.8-3 mm long, the stapet (basal extension of the filaments) ca. 1.5 mm long; anthers 1.8-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, oblong, yellowish-green, dehiscent by longitudinal slits. Ovary ca. 2.5 mm long, subglobose, greenish-cream, glabrous, surrounded by a yellowish green nectary; styles heteromorphic, long styles 4.2-5 mm long, short styles 2.3-2.8 mm long, greenish-white; stigma dilated, discoidal, greenish-white. Fruit a subglobose berry, 8-16 mm long, 8-19 mm in diameter, green when immature, dark brown to almost purplish-black at maturity, the surface glabrous; fruiting calyx not accrescent, up to 1.8 times longer in fruit than in flower, the apex of lobes up to 1/4 of fruit length; fruiting pedicels 2.1-4.1 cm long, enlarged at the apex, glabrous, pendent. Seeds up to 22 per berry, 2.4-2.8 mm long, 2.2-2.5 mm wide, semicircular to ovoid-reniform, yellow to brown, the testa reticulate, foveolate, the embryo curved. Chromosome number: not known.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a reference to "Alto da Serra", located in the District of Paranapiacaba, Municipality of Santo André, São Paulo State, where the species, including the type gathering, has been collected since 1917. This area was the first biological station in South America, established in 1909 by Hermann Friedrich Albrecht von Ihering. In 1938, under the administration of the Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, the name was changed to Reserva Biológica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba (Marcolin 2009).</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Athenaea altoserranae flowers and fruits from August to March.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Athenaea altoserranae is endemic to Brazil and restricted to the edges of the plateau of the Serra do Mar mountain range in São Paulo State. It grows in the wet Atlantic rain forest (Mata Atlântica), often in clearings and along trails or other open places from 714 to 1,100 m elevation.</p><p>Preliminary conservation assessment</p><p>(IUCN 2019). Endangered (EN). EOO 1,240.9 km2 (EN); AOO 48 km2 (EN). This species occurs in the plateau of Serra do Mar and near the coast in the Municipality of Cananéia, São Paulo State, an area originally totally covered by Atlantic rain forest. The restricted range, coupled with the fragmented habitat, suggests a preliminary assessment of Endangered B1a and B2a, b (ii and iii).</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Specimens of Athenaea altoserranae have been variously identified in herbaria as Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtn., Aureliana fasciculata var. longifolia (Sendtn.) Hunz. and Barboza or Aureliana glomuliflora Sendtn. - all currently recognised as synonyms of the widespread glabrous species Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann. Athenaea fasciculata is the most widespread species of the genus and is distributed along the Atlantic rain forest from southern to north-eastern Brazil, but also occurs south to Paraguay and Argentina and west to eastern Peru and Bolivia (see Rodrigues et al. 2019). Athenaea altoserranae is sympatric with A. fasciculata, A. cuspidata, A. pogogena, A. picta, A. sellowiana and A. wettsteiniana .</p><p>Hunziker and Barboza (1990) recognised three infraspecific taxa within their circumscription of Aureliana fasciculata ( A. fasciculata var. fasciculata, A. fasciculata var. longifolia Sendtn. and A. fasciculata var. tomentella Hunz. &amp; Barboza). They included material of Athenaea altoserranae in their circumscription of var. Athenaea altoserranae longifolia along with other specimens collected in Bahia and the border of São Paulo with Paraná (SP/PR); the only original material we have seen for var. Athenaea altoserranae longifolia was destroyed in the bombing of the Berlin herbarium and no duplicates have been found, but a photograph (F neg. 2880, of an un-numbered F. Sellow collection from "Brasilia australiore" annotated " Bassovia glomuliflora Dun. β longifolium ") corresponds to A. fasciculata s.l. and not to A. altoserranae (Rodrigues et al. 2019). Although all of the specimens included in var. Athenaea altoserranae longifolia by Hunziker and Barboza (1990) share completely glabrous leaves, the plants from Bahia and from the São Paulo/ Paraná border have small flowers, long-obovate leaves with a cuspidate apex and longer petioles, thus distinguishing them from the plants here recognised as A. altoserranae . We currently include these plants from Bahia and from the São Paulo/ Paraná border in our circumscription of A. fasciculata s.l.</p><p>Athenaea altoserranae can be distinguished from A. fasciculata s.l. by its erect and long-lanceolate leaves clustered at the tips of shoots versus broader leaves evenly spaced along the stem, warty versus smooth fruiting pedicels and dark brown versus green mature fruits. Phylogenetic studies of the group, using molecular data (plastid and nuclear markers), provide additional support for the distinction of these populations. Zamberlan et al. (2015) found that Athenaea altoserranae (as Aureliana sp. nov.) does not belong to the same clade as Aureliana fasciculata, but is, instead, a member of a clade with A. sellowiana (Sendtn.) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann and A. velutina (Sendtn.) D’Arcy that is sister to Athenaea pogogena (Moric.) Sendtn. + Athenaea cuspidata Witasek + Athenaea picta (Mart.) Sendtn.</p><p>Athenaea sellowiana is also morphologically similar to A. altoserranae in its glabrous stems and leaves and is broadly sympatric with it in São Paulo State. The two species can be distinguished by flower texture (calyx and corolla fleshy in A. sellowiana and foliaceous in A. altoserranae) and the more strictly lanceolate leaves of A. altoserranae (versus narrowly oblanceolate, elliptic or oblong leaves in A. sellowiana).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Brazil. São Paulo: Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 12 Dec 1989 (fl), O.T. Aguiar 338 (SPSF); Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Estrada de acesso ao Núcleo, margens do Rio Paraibuna, 28 Jan 2004 (fl, fr), F.A.R.D.P. Arzolla 435 (ESA); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 29 Sep 1983 (fl), A. Custódio Filho 1570 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 29 Sep 1983 (fl), A. Custódio Filho 1592 (SP); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 21 Oct 1983 (fl), A. Custódio Filho 1723 (SP); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 26 Oct 1983 (fl, fr), A. Custódio Filho 1735 (SP); Alto da Serra, 20 Nov 1984 (fl), T.P. Guerra &amp; M. Kirizawa 90 (BHCB); Alto da Serra, Caixa d’água, 6 Oct 1922 (fl), F.C. Hoehne s.n. (SP); Natividade da Serra, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virgínia, 14 Nov 2005 (fl, fr), N.M. Ivanauskas et al. 5196 (MBM); Bertioga, Rodovia BR 101, Km 216, 21 Aug 1995 (fl, fr), M. Kirizawa et al. 3177 (BHCB); Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, trilha para a casa do Silvestre, 20 Mar 1996 (fr), M. Kirizawa et al. 3271 (SPF); Alto da Serra, EstacaoBiologica, 17 Mar 1944 (fr), M. Kuhlmann s.n. (SP); Salesópolis, Boracéia, 22 Nov 1957 (fl), M. Kuhlmann 4308 (SP); EstacaoBiologica do Alto da Serra de Paranapiacaba , 27 Nov 1980 (fl), E.A. Lopes et al. 92 (SP); Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, trilha do Rio Bonito, 16 Nov 2006 (fl, fr), E.J. Lucas et al. 369 (BHCB); Santo André, A. da Serra, Est. Biológica, 19 Oct 1918 (fl), A. Pedroso 13 (SP); Salesópolis, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 20 Oct 2001 (fl, fr), J.R. Pirani et al. 4906 (SP); Distrito de Paranapiacaba, Estrada para a parte alta do distrito, em frente à guarita da EstacaoBiologica do Instituto de Botanica, 12 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 71 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 75 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 76 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, 13 Oct 2009 (fl), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 77 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 80 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 81 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba; 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 82 (BHCB); Caminho da Bela Vista, Parque Ecológico Municipal das Nascentes de Paranapiacaba; 13 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 83 (BHCB); Santo André, Distrito de Paranapiacaba, em frente à guarita da Reserva Biologica do Instituto de Botanica de São Paulo, 23 Jan 2014 (fl, fr), I.M.C. Rodrigues et al. 625 (BHCB); Cananéia, Ilha do Cardoso, Reserva Biológica, Margem do Rio Pereque, 14 Sep 1983 (fl), S. Romaniuc Neto 97 (SP); Paranapiacaba, 3 Oct 1998 (fl), L.C.Q.M.P. Sampaio &amp; D. Vedovello 119 (BHCB); Santo André, Alto da Serra, Dec 1917 (fl), E. Schwebel 132 (SP); Mogi das Cruzes, Sitio do Mauro Peixoto , 24 Oct 2007 (fl, fr), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4800 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4818 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl, fr), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4819 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl, fr), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4820 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl, fr), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4823 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4824 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, 24 Oct 2007 (fl), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4825 (BHCB); Biritiba Mirim, EstacaoBiologica de Boraceia, Estrada para Salesópolis, 24 Oct 2007 (fl, fr), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4839 (BHCB); Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 24 Oct 2007 (fl), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4846 (BHCB); Cunha, Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, 24 Oct 2007 (fl), J.R. Stehmann et al. 4848 (BHCB); Santo André, Estrada Paranapiacaba - Taquarussú, 14 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), V.A. Thode et al. 251 (BHCB); Santo André, Estrada Paranapiacaba - Taquarussú, 14 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), V.A. Thode et al. 253 (BHCB); Santo André, Estrada Paranapiacaba - Taquarussú; 14 Oct 2009 (fl, fr), V.A. Thode et al. 254 (BHCB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2D2E9ABDFFB1519FB3940971FF1F694B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodrigues, Izabella Martins da Costa;Knapp, Sandra;Stehmann, Joao Renato	Rodrigues, Izabella Martins da Costa, Knapp, Sandra, Stehmann, Joao Renato (2021): Two new species of Athenaea Sendtn. (Solanaceae) from the Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil. PhytoKeys 178: 1-15, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64609, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64609
C131E62F3EE55B11ACB89E106C35B21A.text	C131E62F3EE55B11ACB89E106C35B21A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athenaea hunzikeriana I. M. C. Rodrigues & Stehmann 2021	<div><p>Athenaea hunzikeriana I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann sp. nov. Figs 3, 4, 5</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Similar to A. pogogena, but differing in the campanulate rather than inflated calyx and a subglobose (versus ovoid) fruit that is purplish-red when mature and pubescent with eglandular trichomes (versus green to yellow fruits with glandular trichomes).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Brazil Minas Gerais: Santa Maria do Salto, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0475&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.4125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0475/lat -16.4125)">Fazenda Duas Barras</a>, 16°24'45"S, 40°02'51"W, 817 m elev., 1 Nov 2013 (fl,fr), J.R. Stehmann, L.L. Giacomin, S. Knapp &amp; L. Bohs 6328 (holotype: BHCB [acc. # 182684; duplicates to be distributed to BM, RB) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Shrubs to small trees, up to 3 m tall; branching virgate and distally dichotomous. Stems rounded in cross-section, dark brown, tomentose with yellowish-brown, simple uniseriate trichomes, up to 2 mm long. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate, members of a pair markedly unequal. Leaves simple, alternate, elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, subcoriaceous, discolorous; blades of major leaves elliptic lanceolate, 8.7-16.4 cm long, 2.8-5 cm, 2.3-4.5 times longer than wide, the minor leaves elliptic to obelliptic 2.7-6.8 cm long, 1.3-3.2 cm wide, ca. 2.5 times longer than wide; abaxial and adaxial surfaces densely pubescent with 8-15-celled eglandular trichomes 0.5-2 mm long and scarce 1-celled glandular trichomes with usually 3-celled multicellular head; venation camptodromous and prominent abaxially, with 3-6 pairs of principal veins; base decurrent, the leaves appearing sessile or sub-sessile; margins entire and slightly revolute; apex acute to somewhat acuminate; petioles 0-0.8 cm long, densely pubescent with trichomes like those of the leaves. Inflorescences axillary, with 10-15 flowers along a distinct axis; rhachis 1.5-3.4 mm long; pedicels 0.6-2 cm long, erect to spreading, densely pubescent with simple uniseriate trichomes. Flower buds ovoid, white, densely glandular-pubescent. Flowers 5-merous, heteromorphic with long- and short-styled forms. Calyx 3.5-4.5 mm long, green, campanulate, densely pubescent, the tube ca. 2 mm long, the lobes 1.6-2.7 mm long, 0.8-1.4 mm wide, triangular, densely pubescent with 5-8-celled eglandular trichomes and longer 5-10-celled glandular trichomes with multicellular heads abaxially, sparsely pubescent with 4-8-celled glandular trichomes with multicellular heads adaxially, the lobe apices acute. Corolla 4.1-7.3 mm long, stellate, white with green and purple spots adaxially near the base, the tube 1.1-1.6 mm long, the lobes 3.4-5.6 mm long, 1.3-2.7 mm wide, lanceolate, covered with eglandular trichomes (3-4-celled) abaxially at the apex and 4-6-celled glandular trichomes with multicellular heads abaxially over the entire surface, adaxially with 3-5-celled glandular trichomes with unicellular heads. Stamens 5, equal, glabrous; filaments ca. 0.8 mm long, the stapet (basal extension of the filaments) ca. 0.6 mm long; anthers 1.4-1.9 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, oblong, yellowish-cream, slightly cordate at the base. Ovary ca. 0.6 mm long, subglobose, yellowish-cream, densely pubescent with glandular trichomes, surrounded by a yellowish-green nectary; styles heteromorphic, greenish-white, long styles 2.8-3 mm long, short styles ca. 2.2 mm long; stigma dilated, capitate, yellowish-white. Fruit a subglobose berry, ca. 12.6 mm long, 13.7 mm in diameter, green when immature, wine-red to purplish-red at maturity, the pericarp densely pubescent with simple, uniseriate 4-8-celled eglandular trichomes; fruiting calyx not accrescent, up to 1.8 times longer than in flower; fruiting pedicels 1.5-2 cm long, erect, enlarged at the apex, densely glandular-pubescent. Seeds ca. 6 per berry, 5.5-5.7 mm long, 3.8-4.0 mm wide, flattened-reniform, yellowish-brown, the testa minutely reticulate, foveolate, the embryo curved. Chromosome number: not known.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet honours Ing. Armando Teodoro Hunziker (1919-2001), who dedicated his life to the study of the family Solanaceae in the Neotropics and whose mentorship formed a whole generation of Solanaceae workers.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Athenaea hunzikeriana flowers and fruits from August to November.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Athenaea hunzikeriana is endemic to Brazil and only known from the type locality, in north-eastern Minas Gerais State and in adjacent Bahia State. Athenaea hunzikeriana grows in the understorey of well-preserved remnants of wet Atlantic forests (Floresta Ombrófila Densa, Mata Atlântica; IBGE 2012), from 700 to 1000 m elevation.</p><p>Preliminary conservation assessment</p><p>(IUCN 2019). Data Deficient (DD). Just two populations of A. hunzikeriana are known, one growing in a private reserve (RPPN Fazenda Duas Barras), in the Municipality of Santa Maria do Salto, Minas Gerais and another in Fazenda Farofa in the Municipality of Boa Nova, Bahia. Although the locality in Bahia is well-protected, the extremely restricted range indicates the species is of some conservation concern.</p><p>Discussion.</p><p>Athenaea hunzikeriana is easily recognised by its purple, eglandular-pubescent mature fruits on erect or spreading pedicels, its large seeds and the distinctive inflorescences with a short but persistent axis. Other species of Athenaea have axillary fascicles, with no rhachis along which pedicel scars can be observed. This species is morphologically similar to and sympatric with A. pogogena, with which it shares almost all flower characteristics, but can be distinguished by its subglobose (versus conic or ovoid) berry and leaf pubescence of mostly eglandular trichomes with sparse minute glandular trichomes, rather than densely glandular pubescent leaves. Athenaea hunzikeriana is also vegetatively similar to A. anonacea Sendtn. and A. martiana Sendtn. in having pubescent leaves but is differentiated from both those species by its pubescent fruit and non-accrescent fruiting calyx. It is also sympatric with A. fasciculata but differs from that species in its conspicuous pubescence ( A. fasciculata is glabrous, see discussion of A. altoserranae above).</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Brazil. Bahia: Boa Nova, Faz. Farofa (Dr. Mauro), estrada entre Boa Nova e Dario Meira , 24 Oct 2007 (fr), F.M. Ferreira 1641 (CEPEC) . Minas Gerais: Santa Maria do Salto, Fazenda Duas Barras, 23 Aug 2003 (fl, fr), J.A. Lombardi, J.R. Stehmann, R.C. Mota &amp; L.G. Temponi 5447 (BHCB) .</p><p>Dichotomous key to the species of Athenaea</p><p>All of the species in this key occur in Brazil, their distribution can be found in Rodrigues et al. (2019); A. fasciculata is the only species that occurs outside of Brazil.</p><table><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves glabrous or with eglandular trichomes only</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves with glandular and eglandular trichomes</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves geminate, anisophyllous, usually sessile, with both surfaces hispid; fruiting calyx accrescent, the tip extending beyond the fruit length</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea martiana Sendtn.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves solitary or geminate, not anisophyllous, subssessile or petiolate, glabrous to variously pubescent on both surfaces; fruiting calyx not or sometimes only partially accrescent, with the tip reaching up to 1/3 of fruit length</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems, leaves, pedicels and calyx glabrous; leaves in clusters at branch tips</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems, leaves, pedicels and calyx variously pubescent; leaves evenly spaced along branches, not clustered at branch tips</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves solitary, obovate-lanceolate; calyx more than 4 mm long; corolla thick and fleshy, with purple spots; fruits yellowish-green when mature</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea sellowiana (Sendtn.) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves geminate, rarely solitary, elliptic to lanceolate; calyx less than 3.5 mm long; corolla not fleshy, with brownish spots; fruits dark brown when mature</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">A. altoserranae I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves variously pubescent on both surfaces; calyx lobes triangular and of equal size and shape; fruits globose or subglobose</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves pubescent on the adaxial surface, hirsute on the abaxial surface; calyx lobes of unequal size and variously subulate; fruits ovoid</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea wettsteiniana (Witasek) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves adaxially glabrescent, abaxially sparsely pubescent to tomentose; inflorescences with up to 12 flowers; fruiting calyx lobes equally divided</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves with both surfaces velvety pubescent; inflorescences generally with (6-) 13 to 26 flowers; fruiting calyx lobes unequally divided</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea velutina (Sendtn.) D’Arcy</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems, abaxial leaf surfaces, pedicels and calyx tomentose; leaves ovate-elliptic, drying black; calyx tube narrowly urceolate in floral buds; calyx (tube+lobes) more than 3.5 mm long at anthesis</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea tomentosa (Sendtn.) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems, abaxial leaf surfaces, pedicels and calyx glabrescent to sparsely pubescent; leaves elliptic to lanceolate, drying pale green; calyx tube campanulate in floral buds; calyx (tube+lobes) up to 2.5 (-3) mm long at anthesis</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes appressed, with broad bases and curved apices; calyx lobes with acute apices</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea brasiliana Hunz.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes patent, straight or curly; calyx lobes with obtuse to acute apices or with short caudate projections</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves narrowly lanceolate (length/width ratio&gt; 4.8); corolla pubescent abaxially; seeds ca. 10 per fruit</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea angustifolia (Alm.- Lafetá) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves elliptic, ovate to lanceolate (length/width ratio &lt;4.5); corolla glabrescent or glabrous abaxially; seeds more than 31 per fruit</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea fasciculata (Vell.) I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves sessile or subssessile; leaf apices acute; leaf bases decurrent; fruiting calyx not accrescent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Leaves long-petiolate, the petioles up to 9 cm long; leaf apices cuspidate, leaf bases attenuate; fruiting calyx accrescent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">11</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems dichotomously branching throughout, sometimes trichotomously branching; calyx lobes strongly unequal, with one or two longer than the others; fruits ovoid, glabrous, yellowish-green when mature</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea anonacea Sendtn.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Stems dichotomously branching only distally; calyx lobes equal; fruits subglobose, pubescent, vinaceous purple when mature</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea hunzikeriana I.M.C. Rodrigues &amp; Stehmann</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">12</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes with bases auriculate in flower and fruit; pedicels sparsely pubescent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea cuspidata Witasek</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Calyx lobes with bases not auriculate or only slightly cordate in fruit; pedicels densely pubescent</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">13</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of unequal size, arranged in two levels over the entire plant surface, translucent white; fruits glabrous; seeds more than 60 per fruit</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea picta (Mart.) Sendtn.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Trichomes of equal size, arranged in a single level over the entire plant surface, red-ferruginous; fruits pubescent; seeds up to 50 per fruit</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Athenaea pogogena (Moric.) Sendtn.</td></tr></table></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C131E62F3EE55B11ACB89E106C35B21A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Rodrigues, Izabella Martins da Costa;Knapp, Sandra;Stehmann, Joao Renato	Rodrigues, Izabella Martins da Costa, Knapp, Sandra, Stehmann, Joao Renato (2021): Two new species of Athenaea Sendtn. (Solanaceae) from the Atlantic forests of south-eastern Brazil. PhytoKeys 178: 1-15, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64609, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64609
