identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CF1787E3FFCDFFDDE879FE1FFC59E220.text	CF1787E3FFCDFFDDE879FE1FFC59E220.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Jason G. H. Londt	<div><p>Jason G. H. Londt</p><p>Natal Museum, P. Bag 9070, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 South Africa, and School of Biological &amp; Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 South Africa; robber4afr@telkomsa.net</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFCDFFDDE879FE1FFC59E220	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC9FFD9EBA8FA1FFBFDE6E6.text	CF1787E3FFC9FFD9EBA8FA1FFBFDE6E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon Londt 1994	<div><p>Afroholopogon Londt, 1994</p><p>Holopogon Loew, 1847: 473 (as subgenus of Dasypogon). Type species: Dasypogon nigripennis Meigen, 1820, by designation of Coquillett (1910: 522). Afrotropical species only.</p><p>Heteropogon Loew, 1847: 488 (as subgenus of Dasypogon). Type species: Dasypogon manicatus Meigen, 1820, by designation of Back (1909: 318). Afrotropical species only.</p><p>Cyrtopogon Loew, 1847: 516 . Type species: Asilus ruficornis Fabricius, 1794, by designation of Rondani (1856: 157). Afrotropical species only.</p><p>Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 a: 63 . Type species: Holopogon vumba Oldroyd, 1974, by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC9FFD9EBA8FA1FFBFDE6E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC8FFDBEBD6FF6DFC49E37F.text	CF1787E3FFC8FFDBEBD6FF6DFC49E37F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon africanus (Ricardo 1925)	<div><p>Afroholopogon africanus (Ricardo, 1925)</p><p>Figs 7–9, 77</p><p>Cyrtopogon africanus Ricardo, 1925: 275–6; Oldroyd 1974: 34; 1980: 360 (catalogue). Type locality: South</p><p>Africa.</p><p>Afroholopogon africanus: Londt 1994: 64, figs 14–16 ơ genitalia.</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head:Antenna: Dark red-brown, scape largely apruinose rest fine gold pruinose, strongly black setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.9:3.4:0.3:0.9. Face dark red-brown, silver pruinose except area of mystax, mystax black, few yellow setae ventrally, covers lower threequarters of face. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.6. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, mostly shiny apruinose, fine dark red-brown setose. Occiput dark red-brown, silver pruinose, yellow-orange (golden) setose. Proboscis dark red-brown, yellow-orange setose. Palpi dark red-brown, yellow-brown setose (few black setae on plp 2).</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for silver-gold lateral and posterior bands. Setation: ac – fine dark red-brown anteriorly, longer orange posteriorly; dc – fine orange; npl – 5–6 orange-yellow; sa – fine long orange; pa – 6 fine long setae. Scutellum dark red-brown, largely shiny apruinose but weakly silver-gold anterolaterally, disc asetose, margin with 7 long thin orange setae. Pleura dark red-brown, red-gold pruinose except for large apruinose parts of meron and katepistenum, orange setose. Wing 8.2 x 3.3 mm, pale orange-brown (appears stained), microtrichia orange-brown, extensively covering membrane, basal angle of r 4 19°. Halter pale brown with yellowwhite knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver-gold pruinose, orange setose except cx 1 being predominantly black setose (few orange distally); trochanters dark red-brown; fem orange, mainly dark red-brown setose (some fine orange setae); tib as fem; tar similar to fem but all minor setae black.</p><p>Abdomen:Terga black, shiny apruinose except for narrow gold lateral margins, setae orange, short dorsally, long laterally. Sterna black, gold pruinose (difficult to see through setae), numerous long fine orange setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, another ơ illustrated (Figs 7–9): Hypopygium darkly sclerotised (requiring to be bleached for illustration), rotated between 90–180°; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two acutely pointed lobes joined narrowly basally; goncx externally distally bilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx, gradually tapering (in ventral view) to a single fairly broad medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. A species displaying little variation. Setae described as being orange in the holotype may be pale yellow in some specimens.</p><p>Type specimens (seen): SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype ‘ Cape Colony / French Hoek [Franschhoek 3355S 1907E] / Jan. 1917 ’ ~ ‘K.H. Barnard’, ‘ Cyrtopogon / africanus n. sp. / Ricardo’, ‘Type / M’, ‘Holo- / type.’ [orange] (SAMC); 1^ paratype ‘Para / Type / ^’, ‘Gt. Wind-hoek / Tulbagh [3317S 1909E] / 4.500 ft’ ~ ‘ Nov. 1916 / Lightfoot’ (SAMC); 1^ paratype ‘Para- / type’ [yellow-bordered circular], ‘Gt. Wint-hoek / Tulbagh / 4.500 ft. ’ ~ ‘ov. 1916 / ghtfoot’ [trimmed to exclude full data i.e. N ov. &amp; Li ghtfoot], ‘Pres. by / South African / Museum. / 10-iii-1924.’, ‘ Paratype / Cyrtopogon / africanus Ricardo / det. J.E. Chainey, 1983’, ‘ Afroholopogon / africanus / (Ricardo, 1925) / Det. J.G.H. Londt’ (BMNH).</p><p>Note: Other specimens with identical locality labels to those of the holotype and paratypes are found in SAMC. It is not certain that Ricardo studied these specimens and so they are excluded from the type series and listed below .</p><p>Other material studied: SOUTH AFRICA: 1ơ 2^, ‘Paleisheuwel [3228S 1843E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus., Exp. / Nov. 1948 ’ (SAMC); 5ơ 2^, ‘ South Africa, W Cape. / 4 miles E. of Citrusdal [3235S 1901E] / October 1969. / S.A. Museum ºExpedition’ (SAMC); 6ơ 6^, ‘ S Africa: Cape #61 / 33 km N Op Die Berg /</p><p>32°42'S: 19°13'E 800 m / Date: 31.x.1991 / Coll: J.G.H. Londt / Sandy area; flowers’; 1^, ‘ Stellenbosch [3356S 1851E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘ R. F. Lawrence / Nov. 1930 ’ (SAMC); 3ơ 3^ 1?, ‘ Gt. Wind-hoek / Tulbagh [3317S 1909E] / 4.500 ft’ ~ ‘ Nov. 1916 / Lightfoot’ (SAMC); 1?, ‘Ceres Div. / Matroosberg [3323S 1940E] / 3.500 ft’ ~ ‘Lightfoot / Jan 1917 ’ (SAMC); 9ơ 10^ 1?, Wit River Valley / Bains Kloof [3337S 1906E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exp. / Dec. 1949 ’ (SAMC); 2ơ, ‘ Cape Colony / French Hoek [3355S 1907E] / Jan. 1917 ’ ~ ‘ K.H. Barnard’ (SAMC); 1^, ‘ Sth Africa: W Cape / Theewaters Nat. Res. / Franschhoek Pass / 33°55'30''S 19°09'37''E / 544 m 13.xii.2004 / J. &amp; A. Londt Fynbos’; 2ơ, ‘ S Africa: W Cape #2 / 11 km SE Franschhoek / 10.i.1983 3419 Cc [sic, should be 3319 CC] / P. Stabbins &amp; R. Miller / DuToits River bridge’; 1ơ, ‘ Sth Afr. Western Cape / Fernkloof Nature Reserve / Hermanus 16–17.xii.2000 / 34°23'40''S: 19°15'58''E / JGH Londt 90 m Natural / bush with many flowers’ .</p><p>Other recorded material: The BMNH database records 1^, S.Africa, Cape Province, Ceres, 1500 ft, xii.1920, R. E. Turner; 1^, S. Africa, Cape Province, Ceres, 1–12.xi.1924, R. E. Turner. Oldroyd (1974) gives ‘ Ceres; Tulbagh, 1370 m; S.W. AFRICA: Windhoek. ’ and so it is assumed that the databased material is that recorded by Oldroyd. I have not located his ‘ Tulbagh’ and ‘ Windhoek’ material, although he may have been recording the information found on paratype labels and somehow mistaken the ‘ Wind-hoek’ (a mountain near Tulbagh) for Windhoek (capital city of Namibia). The species is unlikely to occur in Namibia .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Confined to the fynbos biome of Western Cape Province (Fig. 77). The species flies from October to March (no February records exist). Specimens collected north of Op Die Berg were resting on vegetation. There is one prey record; an Op Die Berg female was collected with a small coleopteran ( Curculionidae).</p><p>Similar species: A. capensis and peregrinus, but also melas (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC8FFDBEBD6FF6DFC49E37F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFCBFFDAEBB2FCE8FCA1E5C7.text	CF1787E3FFCBFFDAEBB2FCE8FCA1E5C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon anassa Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon anassa sp. n.</p><p>Figs 10–12, 77</p><p>Etymology: Gr. anassa (queen). Refers to the type locality of Queen Elizabeth Park.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Black, fine silver pruinose, dark red-brown setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.9:2.8:0.4:1.5. Face brown, silver pruinose (weak dorsally), mystax black, setae loosely arranged but extending over most of face. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:3.9. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, weak silver pruinose (mostly apruinose), long black setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose, pale yellow setose. Proboscis dark red-brown, white setose. Palpi dark red-brown, pale yellow setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown to black, shiny apruinose except for silver pruinose lateral margin, small area adjacent to postpronotal lobe and fairly extensive posterior area extending to approximately level of transverse suture. Setation: ac – fine white setae; dc – fine white setae; npl – 2 fine black; sa – long white setae (no obvious macrosetae); pa – few long white setae. Scutellum dark red-brown to black, largely shiny apruinose with silver anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with 6 long fine white setae. Pleura dark red-brown to black, silver pruinose except for small bare areas on anepisternum and katepisternum, white setose. Wing 4.2 x 1.5 mm (left wing partly broken off), pale brown, microtrichia brown, covering membrane extensively, basal angle of r 4 15°. Halter brown with pale yellow knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem, variable – fem 1 orange, fem 2 orange with extensive dark red-brown ventral surface, fem 3 dark red-brown to black with brown-orange distal tip, white setose (a few black); tib variable – tib 1–2 orange with long black and white setae, tib 3 orange with distal half mostly dark red-brown, setae mostly black; tar dark red-brown, dark red-brown setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for silver lateral margins, white setose. Sterna black, entirely gold pruinose, long white setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected and macerated, paratype illustrated (Figs 10–12): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two acutely pointed lobes joined narrowly basally; goncx externally distally unilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) not projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx, suddenly tapering (in ventral view) to a single poorly sclerotised elongate medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Specimens display little variation, although those from Pelgrimsrus, Pretoria and Kaapmuiden have yellow setae in the place of white ones. The extent of mesonotal pruinescence is also variable. The hind legs of these specimens are also not as darkly pigmented as those described for the holotype. The tibiae are, for example, entirely orange and lack dark red-brown coloration distally.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: 2^ paratypes, ‘ Marieps Mnt. [ Mariepskop 2432S 3052E] / iv.1932 / G. van Son.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ Pelgrimsrus / SE 24.30. Dd. / 19.iv.1979 / J.A. Irish / Dept: of Entomology / University of Pretoria’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Pelgrimsrus / SE 24.30. Dd. / iv.1979 / D. R. Swart / Dept: of Entomology / University of Pretoria’; 1ơ paratype, Pretoria / SE 25.28 Cb / v.1979 / P. Koekemoer / Dept: of Entomology / University of Pretoria’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Kaapmuiden / SE 25 31 Cb / 14.iv.1979 / Van Eeden C.F. / Dept: of Entomology / University of Pretoria’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa: Transvaal / 10 km E of Barberton / on Saddleback Pass / 7.iv.1985 SE2531 CC / J. Londt Rocky slope’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Barberton [2547S 3103E] / 10.5.14 / H.K. Munro’, ‘ SW Bromley / Collection / 1955’ (NMNH); 1^ paratype, ‘ Meyerton / SE 26 28 Ca / i.1979 / P. Koekemoer / Dept: of Entomology / University of Pretoria’;ơ holotype, 2^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Sth Africa</a>: KZ-Natal / Queen Elizabeth Park / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH Londt Grassland / 900 m 11.v.2000 a.m.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Sth Africa</a>:KZ-Natal / Queen Elizabeth Park / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH Londt Grassland / 900 m 20.v.2000 a.m.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Sth Africa</a>: KZ-Natal / Queen Elizabeth Park / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH Londt Grassland / 900 m 18.vi.2000 a.m.’; 2^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.494722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.60389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.494722/lat -29.60389)">Sth Africa</a>: KZ-Natal / Pietermaritzburg 870 m / Botanical Gardens / 29°36'14''S 30°29'41''E / J.G.H. Londt 24.iv.2000 / Aristida grassland area’. SWAZILAND: 1^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.1/lat -26.116667)">Swaziland</a> / Malolotja Wilderness Area / 26°07'S: 31°06'E 1530 m / Date: 7.iv.1997 / Coll: P.E. Reavell / Montane grassland’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from a few fairly widely separated localities within the south-eastern region of the Savanna Biome of South Africa (Fig. 77). The species flies mainly from April to June (one record exists for January). This species was included in Londt’s (2002) study of grassland asilids at Queen Elizabeth Park, Pietermaritzburg. Pending this revision it was called Afroholopogon sp. 2 and only five specimens were encountered during that study. The species being found on weeks 19, 20 and 24, was considered primarily autumn-active although the dates fall into what might be called winter. There is a single January record from Meyerton and so the flight period may be different at sites remote from Queen Elizabeth Park. Nothing is known about its biology, except that it can be swept from grass. The ovipositor is of the usual stenopogonine form with well-developed acanthophorites, so it is assumed that oviposition takes place directly into soil.</p><p>Similar species: A. argos and aspros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFCBFFDAEBB2FCE8FCA1E5C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFCAFFD5EB8DFA75FEE5E5FF.text	CF1787E3FFCAFFD5EB8DFA75FEE5E5FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon argos Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon argos sp. n.</p><p>Figs 13–15, 79</p><p>Etymology: Gr. argos (white, bright). Refers to the long white setae that cover much of the head, thorax and abdomen of this species.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: black, fine silver pruinose, red-brown (dorsally) and white (ventrally) setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.1:3.1:0.4:1.9. Face black, entirely silver pruinose, mystax white (loosely arranged but covering entire face). Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.3. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, shiny apruinose, fine red-brown setose. Occiput dark red-brown to black, silver pruinose except for bare area posterior to ocellar tubercle, white setose (few short pale yellow setae dorsally). Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver pruinose lateral and posterior margins. Setation: ac – long fine white; dc – long fine white; npl – 2 slender white; sa – long fine white (no obvious macrosetae); pa – long fine white (no obvious macrosetae). Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose except for narrow silver anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with 16 fine white setae. Pleura black, silver pruinose except for bare areas on anepisternum and katepisternum, white setose. Wing 4.4 x 1.7 mm, membrane weakly milky to transparent, microtrichia weakly developed to absent, basal angle of r 4 22°. Halter pale brown with pale yellow knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem black with distal part orange, white setose; tib orange dorsoproximally dark red-brown distoventrally, white setose; tar dark red-brown, entirely white setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margins, white setose (short medially long laterally. Sterna black, entirely silver pruinose, long white setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected and macerated, paratype illustrated (Figs 13– 15): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two acutely pointed lobes joined narrowly basally; goncx externally distally unilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) short, not projecting distally beyond level attained by either epand or goncx, suddenly tapering (in ventral view) to a single medial process.</p><p>Variation: The material, all from a single collection, displays no variation of note.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 2ơ 3^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.953335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.915833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.953335/lat -28.915833)">South Africa</a>: Natal / Die Kop 1131 m ca 11km / NE of Kranskop / 28°54'57''S: 30°57'12''E / Grass &amp; Forest Margin / Londt Whittington &amp; / Chinn 17.iv.1990 ’; 1ơ 1^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.947498&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.930832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.947498/lat -28.930832)">South Africa</a>: Natal / Die Kop Dist. 500 m ca / 9 km NE of Kranskop / 28°55'51''S: 30°56'51''E / Grass &amp; Forest Margin / Londt Whittington &amp; / Chinn 17.iv.1990 ’.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from a single locality in KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 79). The species has been collected only during April. The type series was swept from tall grass bordering a forest margin. A single prey record is available—a female was found feeding on a tiny dipteran ( Empididae).</p><p>Similar species: Superficially similar to fugax but most similar to anassa and aspros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFCAFFD5EB8DFA75FEE5E5FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC5FFD7EBB1FA6DFEE5E167.text	CF1787E3FFC5FFD7EBB1FA6DFEE5E167.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon aspros Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon aspros sp. n.</p><p>Figs 16–19, 78</p><p>Etymology: Gr. aspros (white). Refers to the long white setae that cover much of the head, thorax and abdomen of this species.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Black (tip of style slightly orange), fine silver pruinose (especially scape), white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:3.0:0.5:1.9. Face black, entirely silver pruinose, mystax white (strong setae along epistomal margin, slightly weaker dorsally and extending over entire face). Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.4. Frons and vertex black, mostly shiny apruinose (little silver pruinose), dark brown setose, ocellar setae brown and white. Occiput black, silver pruinose (except posterior to ocellar tubercle), white setose. Proboscis dark red-brown to black, white setose. Palpi black, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver pruinose lateral and posterior margins. Setation: ac – long fine white; dc – long fine white; npl – 2 poorly developed white; sa – long fine white (may be a few weak macrosetae); pa – long weak fine white. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose except for narrow silver pruinose anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with approx. 16 thin white setae. Pleura black, silver pruinose except for apruinose spot on anepisternum and katepisternum, white setose. Wing 4.9 x 1.7 mm, membrane transparent (slight milky appearance), microtrichia weak to absent, basal angle of r 4 20°. Halter brown-yellow with pale brownyellow knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem black with orange distal end, fine white setose; tib orange with dark red-brown to black distal end (more extensive on tib 3), white setose; tar black, white setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for gold-silver lateral margins, fine white setose (short medially, long laterally). Sterna black, entirely silver pruinose, long fine white setose. Genitalia: Paratype illustrated (Figs 16–18): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two acutely pointed lobes hardly joined basally; goncx externally distally unilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) of moderate length, not projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx, suddenly tapering (in ventral view) to a single medial laterally flanged process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Some variation in size appears noteworthy (e.g. four females collected on 19 April at Umgeni Valley display a wing-length range of 4.6–5.8 mm). A little variation in hypandrial shape occurs (see Fig. 19).</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: 1ơ 1^ paratypes, ‘near Lilani [2907S 3051E] / Ahrens district / Natal, S. Africa / B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg / April 1962 ’, ‘ Holopogon / fugax Loew / det. H. Oldroyd 1973’; 1^ paratype, ‘Sth Africa: KZ-Natal / Umgeni Valley Nat. Res. / Dwarf’s Dawdle 870 m / 29°28'36''S 30°15'39" / 6.iv.1994 JGH Londt / Grassland &amp; forest edge’; 4^ paratypes, ‘STH AFRICA: KZ-Natal / Umgeni Valley Nat. Res. / 29°28'43''S 30°15'39''E / 19 iv. 2005 JGH Londt / 969 m Black Eagle Trail / Swept Aristida grassland’; ơ holotype, 4ơ 25^ paratypes, ‘STH AFRICA: KZ-Natal / Umgeni Valley Nat. Res. / 29°28'43''S 30°15'39''E / 28 iv. 2005 JGH Londt / 969 m Black Eagle Trail / Swept Aristida grassland’ (1ơ 1^ BMNH); 1^ paratype, ‘S. Africa: Natal #5 / 15 km NE of Howick / 2930Ac 1500 m / 5.v.1984 R. Miller / Karkloof Falls’; 1^ paratype, ‘South Africa: Natal / Nkandla Forest / 3108E 2843S 25.v.86 / P E Reavell 1200 m / Ngongoni veld’.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from a few localities in KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 78). The species flies during April and May. Little biological information is available except that the species inhabits Aristida dominated grassland. Females may greatly outnumber males in collections. A series of 6ơ and 29^, that included the holotype and 1ơ 4^ preserved in alcohol for future molecular studies (not considered paratypes and therefore excluded from the material listed above), constitutes material collected during an intensive two-hour sampling period. Males represented only 17% of the sample. Further collections are required to explain this apparent imbalance.</p><p>Similar species: Superficially similar to fugax but most similar to anassa and argos (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC5FFD7EBB1FA6DFEE5E167	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC7FFD1EBF7FE95FC43E10F.text	CF1787E3FFC7FFD1EBF7FE95FC43E10F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon capensis (Lindner 1961)	<div><p>Afroholopogon capensis (Lindner, 1961)</p><p>Figs 20–22, 61, 62, 78</p><p>Heteropogon capensis Lindner, 1961: 6, 7, abb. 3 (head); Oldroyd 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: South Africa.</p><p>Holopogon tomentosus Oldroyd, 1974: 49 (in key); 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: South Africa. Syn. n.</p><p>Afroholopogon capensis: Londt 1994: 64 .</p><p>Afroholopogon tomentosus: Londt 1994: 64 .</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head:Antenna: Black, gold pruinose except for apruinose scape, black setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.8:2.9:0.2:1.3. Face black, gold-silver pruinose (weak in region of mystax), mystax strong, black dorsally yellow ventrally and ventrolaterally, extending over threequarters of face (asetose just below antennae). Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.4. Frons and vertex black, mostly shiny apruinose, dark red-brown to black setose, ocelli red. Occiput dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose (few short pale yellow setae dorsally). Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown to black, yellow setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for the following silver-gold areas – lateral margin, fairly extensive area adjacent to postpronotal lobe, narrow strip anteriorly corresponding with position of acrostichal setae, broad posterior strip from posterior margin to just beyond transverse suture. Setation: ac – weak yellow anteriorly, longer postsuture; dc – long yellow; npl – 2–3 black (anteriorly) and yellow plus few minor setae; sa – 1–2 yellow plus many minor setae; pa – 2 yellow plus few minor setae. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose but weakly silver pruinose anterior and posterolateral margin, disc asetose, margin with 10 setae (7 black, 3 yellow). Pleura dark red-brown to black, almost entirely gold pruinose except for small apruinose areas on anepisternum, katepisternum and meron, sparsely yellow setose. Wing 5.3 x 2.3 mm, pale brown-yellow, microtrichia brown, covering almost entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 23°. Halter pale brown with yellow knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, gold pruinose, yellow setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem dark red-brown with red-brown distal tip, yellow setose (few black dorsodistally); tib orange, macrosetae black, setae yellow; tar red-brown, most setae black.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for silver-gold lateral margins, setae dorsally small yellow longer laterally. Sterna dark red-brown, entirely dull gold pruinose, long fine yellow setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected and macerated, a specimen from Willowmore illustrated (Figs 20–22): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) incised medially to form two moderately pointed lobes broadly joined basally; goncx externally distally bilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) elongate, projecting distally well beyond level attained by goncx, gradually tapering (in ventral view) to broadly clubbed medial process.</p><p>Variation:Sexes similar. Female genitalia illustrated (Figs 61, 62) for generic comparison with Ischiolobos . The species displays some variation. Many specimens are a little smaller than the holotype, setae are frequently white instead of yellow and pruinescence is silver rather than gold. The distribution and extent of mesonotal pruinescence shows variation which may be geographic.</p><p>Type specimens seen: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 2^ paratypes ( capensis), ‘Kapstadt [Cape Town 3355S 1825E] / 27.xi.-1.xii.1958 / Lindner leg.‘ ~ ’29.xi.’, ‘ Heteropogon / capensis Lind. / Lindner det.’, holotype is labelled ‘Typus / Lindner / 1961 [sideways] [red ink]’ and paratypes ‘ Paratypus / Lindner / 1961’ (SMNS). ơ holotype, 1^ paratype ( tomentosus), ‘Elandsberg Mts South / of Cockscomb Peak / Patensie area / 1.12.67 3424DB [sic. 3324DB] / B&amp;P Stuckenberg’.</p><p>Note: Lindner (1961) gives additional data for the capensis types, i.e. ‘(Kloof Neck – Lionhead)’, that does not appear on specimen labels.This information is likely to be correct as he personally collected the material. So I designate the type locality as Kloof Neck [3356S 1823E].</p><p>Other material studied: SOUTH AFRICA: 1^, ‘South Africa / Bitterfontein [3102S 1817E] / 3.xii.1981 / J.G. Theron’; 3ơ 7^, ‘S Africa: Cape #66 / 23 km S Vanrhynsdorp / 31°47'S: 18°46'E 600 m / Date: 2– 4.xi.1991 / Coll: J.G.H. Londt / Gifberg. Flat summit’; 1ơ, ‘S Africa: Cape #67 / 24 km S Vanrhynsdorp / 31°46'S: 18°48'E 600 m / Date: 3.xi.1991 / Coll: J.G.H. Londt / Gifberg. Flat summit’; 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Gifberg Pass summit / 16.xi.1986 3118DB / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 690 m Rocky macchia’; 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Nieuwoudtville Wild / Flower Res. 3119AC / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 690 m 16.xi.1986 ’; 2ơ 5^, ‘S Africa: Cape #69 / 1 km W Nieuwoudtville / 31°23'S: 19°06'E 800 m / Date: 4.xi.1991 / Coll:J.G.H. Londt / Caravan Park and area’; 2^, ‘S Africa: Cape #34 / 2 km N Middelpos / 31°54'S: 20°14'E 1250 m / Date: 29.xi.1990 / Londt &amp; Whittington / Dry scrub on dam bank’; 1ơ, ‘South Africa: W. Cape / 32 km ne. Clanwilliam / Brandewyn R. 3219AA / 2–3.x.1977 RM Miller’; 1^, ‘East of / Pakhuis Pass [3208S 1900E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exp. / Sept. 1947 ’ (SAMC); 2^, ‘ RSA: Cape Prov. Koomplans- / kloof. 10 km S Citrusdal. / 200–270 m / 32°40'S. 19°01'E. / 04–08.x.1994 loc. 6 / leg. R. Danielsson’ (ZMLU); 4ơ 5^, ‘S Africa: N Cape #28 / Besemgoedkop 31 km N / of Sutherland 1670 m / 32°11'21''S: 20°36'03''E / 8.xi.1998 J&amp;B Londt / Rocky ridge Macchia’; 1ơ 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Swartkop 31 km NW of / Sutherland 3220BA / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 18–19.xi.1986 1600 m / Rocks Woody macchia’; 4ơ 6^, ‘S Africa: Cape #29 / 30 km NW Sutherland / 32°12'S: 20°36'E 1600 m / Date: 27.xi.1990 / Whittington &amp; Londt / Near Besemgoedkop’; 1ơ 3^, ‘Moordenaars / Karoo / Lammerfontein [3258S 2049E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exped. / Oct. 1952 ’ (SAMC); 1ơ, ‘Sth Africa: W Cape / Lion’s Head Nature Res / Kloofnek area 220 m / 33°56'29''S 18°23'10''E / 14.xii.2004 JGH Londt / Fynbos Stony path’; 1^, ‘Stellenb. [Stellenbosch 3356S 1851E] / C.P. / 1888’, ‘ Heteropogon / peregrinus Herm. / Cotype’ [grey] (SAMC); 4ơ 7^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Gydo Mtn. 24 km NE of / P.Alfred Ham. 3319AB / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 21.xi.1986 1150 m / Rocky area / Proteas’; 1ơ 1^, ‘Wit River Valley / Bains Kloof [3337S 1906E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exp. / Dec. 1949 ’ (SAMC); 1^, ‘Gt. Wint-hoek / Tulbagh [3317S 1909E] /4500 ft’ ~ ‘ Nov. 1916 / Lightfoot’ (SAMC); 1ơ, ‘S Africa: Cape #33 / Karoo Botanic Garden / 33°37'S: 19°27'E 210 m / Date: 5.x.1993 / Coll: J.&amp;A. Londt / Worcester – Macchia’; 3ơ, ‘South Africa: Cape / 5 km W Robertson / 26.ix.1979 J. Londt / 3319DD stony slopes / with woody veget,’; 3^, ‘ 18m. E. / of Touws R. [3320S 2002E] to / Hondewater’ ~ ‘12.1962. / S.A.M. (SAMC); 2ơ 1^, ‘Klaarstroom [3320S 2032E] / Prince / Albert / C.P.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exped. / Oct. 1952 ’ (SAMC); 1^, ‘Rooinek [3320S 2055E] / Laingsburg / Dist.’ ~ ‘Zinn-Hesse / Mus. Exp. / Jan.1949 ’ (SAMC); 7ơ 3^, South Africa: Cape / Montague Pass 5 km NE / Ashton 25.ix.1979 / 3320CC J.G.H. Londt / Steep rocky hillside’; 4ơ, ‘Sth Africa Cape Prov / 20 km SE of Ashton / 3320CC 10.ix.1981 / J. Londt, L. Schoeman / and B. Stuckenberg / False Macchia Slopes’; 2ơ 1^, ‘Sth Africa Cape Prov / Outskirts of Ashton / 3320CC 10.ix.1981 / J. Londt, L. Schoeman / and B. Stuckenberg / False Macchia Slopes’; 3ơ 2^, ‘South Africa: Cape / Montagu 25.ix.1979 / 3320CC J.G.H. Londt / hillside SE of town’; 1ơ 1^, ‘Tradouw Pass [3357S 2042E] / Swellendam Dist.’ ~ ‘Mus. Exped. / Nov. 1925 ’ (SAMC); 1^, ‘Van Wyk’s Dorp [3344S 2128E] / Oct. 1937 ’ (SAMC); 1ơ 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Swartberg Pass 1250 m / 3322AC 10.xi.1986 / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / N slopes/Proteas’; 2ơ 2^, ‘Meirings Poort [3324S 2233E] / Oct. 1937 ’ (SAMC); 1ơ 1^, ‘Spitzkop / Meirings Poort [3324S 2233E]’ ~ ‘Museum Staff / Jan. 1935 ’ (SAMC); 3ơ 11^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Meiringspoort 3322BC / 11–12.xii.1979 Londt / &amp; Stuckenberg Rocky / hillside &amp; stream edge’; 6^, ‘Swartebergen / Prince Albert [3317S 2203E] Div.’ ~ ‘Mus. Staff / Nov. 1935 ’ (SAMC); 2^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Uniondale 3323CA / 12.xii.1979 J. Londt + B. Stuckenberg Steep / hillside macchia’; 1^, ‘Uniondale [3340S 2308E] / Capland / Dr. Brauns. / 25 12 09’; 1ơ 1^, ‘So. Africa: Cape Prov. / 1 km NE. Uniondale / 31.x.1978 3323CA / R. Miller &amp; J. Londt / rocky hillside scrub’; 1ơ, ‘So. Africa: Cape Prov. / 25 km W. Uniondale / 31.x.1978 3323CA / R. Miller &amp; J. Londt’; 1ơ, ‘Capland / Willowmore [3317S 2330E] / 1 12 1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ 4^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 20 11 1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ 5^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 25 11 1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 4ơ 1^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / Nov. 1917 / Dr. Brauns’; 2ơ, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 1 12 1917 / Dr. Brauns’; 3ơ 8^, ‘So. Africa: Cape Prov. / 9 km SW. Willowmore / 30–31.x.1978 3323AD / J. Londt &amp; R. Miller / open Karoo scrub’; 1^, ‘South Africa / Strand [3407S 1850E] / 13.12.1941 / Ac. US. / A.C. Myburgh’; 2ơ 6^, ‘Sth Afr. Western Cape / Fernkloof Nature Reserve / Hermanus 16–17.xii.2000 / 34°23'40''S: 19°15'58''E / JGH Londt 90 m Natural / bush with many flowers’.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Found mainly in the Fynbos and Succulent Karoo Biomes of the Western Cape (Fig. 78). The species flies from September to January and is frequently collected on rocky outcrops and large boulders.</p><p>Similar species: A. melas and africanus, but also peregrinus (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC7FFD1EBF7FE95FC43E10F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC1FFD0EBC2FE3DFEC3E10F.text	CF1787E3FFC1FFD0EBC2FE3DFEC3E10F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon chirundu Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon chirundu sp. n.</p><p>Figs 23–25, 77</p><p>Etymology: A noun in apposition based on the name of the type locality.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Scape and pedicel orange-brown, rest dark brown, fine silver pruinose, white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:3.6:0.4:2.1. Face bark red-brown, entirely strongly silver pruinose, mystax white, well developed ventrally weakly developed dorsally but extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.8. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, strongly silver pruinose, tiny white setose. Occiput dark red-brown to black, silver pruinose, short white setose. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown, postpronotal and postalar lobes orange-brown, apruinose except for extensive silver parts as follows – board lateral margin, most of postpronotal lobe and adjacent areas, posterior margin which has an anteriorly directed strip that extends for a short distance past transverse suture. Setation: ac – white (long postsuture); dc – white (long postsuture); npl – 2 short yellow-white; sa – 1 weak white macroseta amongst white setae; pa – 1 weak white macroseta amongst white setae. Scutellum dark red-brown, largely silver pruinose but with central apruinose area, disc asetose, margin with approx. 8 fine white macrosetae. Pleura dark red-brown, silver pruinose except for bare area on katepisternum, long wavy white setose. Wing 5.1 x 2.1 mm, pale brown-yellow, microtrichia weak proximally moderately developed distally, basal angle of r 4 23°. Halter brown with mustard yellow knob. Legs: cx redbrown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters red-brown; fem brown-orange, white setose; tib brown-orange, mainly white setose (few black distoventrally); tar brownorange, mixed black and white setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga dark red-brown, somewhat apruinose with silver areas becoming more extensive distally, white setose. Sterna dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose, long white setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 23–25): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two distally slightly diverging and rounded lobes joined narrowly basally; goncx externally distally bilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx and epand, gradually tapering (in ventral view) to a single broad medial and dorsally upturned (in lateral view) process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Variation is minimal. The female paratype, however, with a wing-length of 7.8 mm, is somewhat larger than the other specimens.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: 1^ 1? paratypes ‘ Moorddrift [Siding 2417S 2857E]. / Oct., 1907 / C.J. Swierstra .’. ZIMBABWE: ơ holotype, 1ơ paratype, ‘Country: Rhodesia / Loc. Chirundu [1602S 2851E] / Date: 21-8-1965 / Coll R. Borthwick’, ‘ Heteropogon / sp. Nov. / det. H. Oldroyd 1973 ’.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from two widely separated localities (Fig. 77). The species flies from August to October (no records for September).</p><p>Similar species: Distinctive, but considered most similar to fugax, tanystylos and xeros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC1FFD0EBC2FE3DFEC3E10F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC0FFD3EB8DFE38FCEFE1B4.text	CF1787E3FFC0FFD3EB8DFE38FCEFE1B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon dasys Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon dasys sp. n.</p><p>Figs 26–29 Etymology: Gr. dasys (hairy). Refers to the numerous setae along the scutellar margin.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: dark red-brown, fine gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:2.9:0.1:1.2. Face black, entirely strongly silver pruinose, mystax pale yellow, extending to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.3. Frons and vertex black, frons gold-silver pruinose vertex apruinose, pale yellow setose. Occiput dark red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, pale yellow setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, gold pruinose except for extensive apruinose spots and stripes as follows – broad anterior stripes on either side of narrow medial pruinose strip that reach level of transverse suture, broad mediolateral band extending from, and including postpronotal lobe, to posterior margin (this apruinose band broken by narrow pruinose strip lying along transverse suture), setae longish with wavy tips. Setation: ac – fine pale yellow with wavy tips; dc – fine pale yellow with wavy tips (long postsuture); npl – 2 yellow; sa – 1 yellow; pa – 2 yellow. Scutellum black, entirely apruinose, disc asetose, margin with approx. 50 pale yellow setae arranged in 2–3 rows. Pleura black, silver-gold pruinose, pale yellow setose.Wing 3.9 x 1.7 mm, transparent, slightly yellow, microtrichia cover entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 20°. Halter light brown with yellow-brown knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, weak gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose; trochanters black; fem dark red-brown with narrow brown-orange distal tip, pale yellow setose; tib orange-brown, pale yellow setose (few black ventrodistally); tar red-brown, dark red-brown setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for silver-gold areas posterolaterally, pale yellow setose (longer laterally). Sterna dark red-brown, entirely silver-gold pruinose, long pale yellow setose. Genitalia of holotype not macerated but appearing to conform closely with the illustrated paratype (Figs 26–29): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) short (shorter than distally projecting proc), shallowly incised to form short distolateral lobes; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) to a level beyond that reached by either hypd or epand (tip of left gonostylus broken off); hypd (in lateral view) of moderate length, slightly clavate distally and (in ventral view) tapering gradually to a truncate and slightly medially indented end.</p><p>Variation: Female similar to male but setae generally paler (white).</p><p>Type specimens: OMAN: ơ holotype, ‘ Dhofar 670 m. / Qara Hills [approx. 1700N 5345E] / North slopes / 22.9.1977 / K. Guichard’ (BMNH) ; 1ơ paratype, ‘ Abdelkuri I: [‘Abd al Kuri 1219N 5222E] / North Shore / S. L. / 7.v.1967 / K. Guichard’ (BMNH) . ERITREA: 1^ paratype, ‘Eritrea: / W. Ancober / near Keren [1547N 3828E] / 8.x.1957 / D.J. Greathead. ’ (BMNH) .</p><p>Notes on localities: Gazeteers suggest that ‘ Dhofar’ is the name of a province in Oman (but should be cited as ‘Zufar’). As there is a mountainous area NW of Salalah, Oman, called Qara, it is assumed that the holotype was collected there. The name ‘Abdelkuri’ should apparently read ‘Abd al Kuri’ or ‘Abd al-Kuri’ and is apparently part of Yemen, not Oman as the label states .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from a locality believed to be in Oman, the island of Abd al-Kuri lying beween Somalia and Socotra, and from a single locality in Eritrea.All these places border the Palaearctic Region.The specimens were collected in May, September and October. Biology unknown.</p><p>Similar species: A. pardosoros and uranopia (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC0FFD3EB8DFE38FCEFE1B4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC3FFD2EBD1FE5FFD44E53C.text	CF1787E3FFC3FFD2EBD1FE5FFD44E53C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon fugax (Loew 1858)	<div><p>Afroholopogon fugax (Loew, 1858)</p><p>Figs 2, 30–32, 77</p><p>Holopogon fugax Loew, 1858: 350, 351 [1860: 166, 167]; Oldroyd 1974: 47, fig. 38 entire male; 1980: 362</p><p>(catalogue). Type locality: South Africa .</p><p>Afroholopogon fugax: Londt 1994: 64, figs 20–23 ơ genitalia.</p><p>Redescription: Based on lectotype (a small specimen). Overall appearance as in Fig. 2 (Akkerendam ơ).</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine silver pruinose, white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.2:4.6:0.2:2.0. Face dark red-brown, entirely strongly silver pruinose, mystax white, strong setae ventrally weaker dorsally but extending over entire face. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.9. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, weakly silver pruinose to shiny apruinose, white setose (long ocellars). Occiput dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose. Proboscis and palpi red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown to black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral and posterior margin. Setation: ac – long thin white; dc – long thin white; npl – 2 white; sa – 1 long white; pa – 1 long white. Scutellum dark red-brown to black, largely shiny apruinose except for narrow silver anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with 4 thin macrosetae accompanied by fine white setae arranged in two rows. Pleura dark red-brown, entirely weakly silver pruinose, white setose. Wing 3.4 x 1.4 mm, transparent (slightly milky appearance), microtrichia weak to absent, basal angle of r 4 32°. Halter pale brown with pale brown (dorsally) and white (ventrally) knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem dark red-brown with narrow brown-yellow distal part, white setose; tib brown-yellow, white setose except for a few dark red-brown macrosetae distally; tar brownyellow and white setose except for some dark red-brown macrosetae ventrally.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga dark red-brown, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margins that are more extensive posterolaterally, white setose (tiny setae medially, long setae laterally). Sterna mostly hidden due to curvature of terga, red-brown, silver pruinose, long white setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, but agrees well with Willowmore ơ illustrated (Figs 30–32): Hypopygium rotated through between 90–180°; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised medially to form two pointed lobes joined narrowly basally; goncx externally distally bilobed, lobes of distinctive shape; hypd (in lateral view) gently curved and projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx, tapering rapidly (in ventral view) to elongated forked medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. The lectotype male is one of the smallest specimens seen. The female paralectotype on the same pin is, however, of average size (wing-length</p><p>5.1 mm, width 2.0 mm). Both type specimens appear slightly teneral as most of the other specimens are black rather than dark red-brown in colour. Femora are usually black while tibiae are brown-orange. A little variation has been seen in the shape of the hypandrial fork, in that the length of the terminal fork may vary slightly.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ lectotype, 1^ paralectotype (pinned one above the other), ‘104’, ‘255’, ‘ Holopogon / fugax’ (NHRS) .</p><p>Notes: Oldroyd (1974) incorrectly gives the type repository as ZMHB. Loew (1858) described both male and female specimens without designating a type. In 1860 he elaborated on his descriptions, stating that the specimens had been found in copula, but again did not designate a type. These specimens must therefore be considered syntypes. As there are other species resembling fugax, it is essential to designate a lectotype; I hereby designate the male as lectotype and the female as paralectotype.</p><p>Although locality information is not cited on labels, Loew gives ‘Caffraria (Wahlb.)’ (1858) and ‘(Caffrerei, Wahlberg.)’ (1860) as the origin of the specimens.This poses a problem.Wahlberg’s route is well documented (Usher, 1972) and in no way overlaps with the known distribution of the species. I therefore designate a type locality where presence of the species has been well established – South Africa, Northern Cape,Akkerendam Nat. Res., 1 km N of Calvinia (3127S 1946E).</p><p>Other material studied: NAMIBIA: 1ơ, ‘ Aus [2616 CB] / Dec. 1924 ’, ‘ S.W. Africa. / R. E. Turner. / Brit. Mus. / 1930-113.’ (BMNH) . SOUTH AFRICA: 1^, ‘26 mls North / of Postmasburg [2819S 2304E]’ ~ ‘Mus. Staff / Oct. 1939 ’ (SAMC); 1^, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Aggenys</a> [2912S 1851E] or / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Bushmanland</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Btw Springbok</a> / and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Pella’</a> ~ ‘Mus. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Staff</a> / Oct. 1939 ’ (SAMC); 1ơ, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Knersvlakte</a> [3115S 1845E]. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">North</a> / of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Van Rhynsdorp</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">South-West</a> Cape / 6–9 October 1964 / B&amp;P Stuckenberg’; 2^, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Sth Africa</a>: Cape <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Prov</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Hantamsberg</a> summit / 15.xi.1986 3119BD / Quickelberge &amp; Londt / 1600 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Rocky</a> macchia’; 6ơ 7^, ‘ S Africa: N Cape #31 / Akkerendam Nat. Res. / 1 km N of Calvinia 1260 m / 31°26'55''S: 19°46'22''E / 9–10.xi.1998 JGH Londt / Karoo vegetation’; 8ơ 7^, Sth Africa: N Cape / 12 km S of Calvinia / 31°34'10''S: 19°43'56''E / 7.ix.2002 J.G.H. Londt / 1080 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Sandy</a> roadside’, ‘Data correction / For ix read xi’; 2^ 1?, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / 47 km E of Williston / 14.xi.1986 3121AB / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 1280 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.383335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.8/lat -32.383335)">Rocky</a> scrubland’; 2ơ, ‘ S Africa: Cape #27 / 15 km E of Sutherland / 32°23'S: 20°48'E 1600 m / Date: 26.xi.1990 / Whittington &amp; Londt / Valley nr Observatory’; 1ơ, ‘ Tankwa Karoo / Waterval [3235S 2025E] / C.P.’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Nov. 1952 ’ (SAMC); 2ơ 2^, ‘ Capland / Willowmore [3317S 2330E] / 20.11.1916 / Dr. Brauns. ’; 1ơ, ‘ Capland / Willowmore / Dec. 1 1916 / Dr. Brauns. ’; 1^, ‘ Capland / Willowmore / 25.11.1916 / Dr. Brauns. ’; 1ơ, ‘ Capland / Willowmore / 1.12.1916 / Dr. Brauns. ’; 1ơ, ‘ Capland / Willowmore / 5.12.1916 / Dr. Brauns. ’; 1ơ, ‘ Resolution [3318S 2632E] / Albany Distr / 17.10.1927 / A. Walton’ .</p><p>Other material recorded: Oldroyd (1974) gives ‘Willowmore (Brauns), Resolution, Albany Dt. (Walton), S.W.Africa: Seeheim (van Son).TRANSVAAL:Kruger National Park (Potgieter &amp; Strydom)’.The specimens from Willowmore and Resolution are probably correctly identified. The Kruger National Park material is likely, however, to represent another species. Oldroyd’s (1974) drawing (his fig. 38) does not agree with fugax and is likely to represent a male from Seeheim as it agrees well with xeros described below.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Fairly widely distributed in the south-western parts of South Africa. Found mainly in the Succulent Karoo and Nama-Karoo biomes (Fig. 77). The species flies from October to December. Specimens have been collected among low woody plants in fairly arid areas.</p><p>Similar species: Superficially similar to argos and aspros, but considered most similar to chirundu, tanystylos and xeros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC3FFD2EBD1FE5FFD44E53C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFC2FFCDEB91FA2BFE66E6E2.text	CF1787E3FFC2FFCDEB91FA2BFE66E6E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon mauros Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon mauros sp. n.</p><p>Figs 33–35, 79</p><p>Etymology: Gr. mauros (dark). Refers to the generally dark colour of this small species.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine silver pruinose, white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.2:2.8:0.3:2.5. Face black, strongly silver pruinose, mystax white, strong setae along epistomal margin, otherwise short. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.6. Frons and vertex black, extensively silver pruinose but with an apruinose strip joining eyes through ocellar tubercle, white setose. Occiput black, entirely silver pruinose, white setose. Proboscis dark red-brown, white setose. Palpi redbrown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, silver pruinose except for 3 small mediolateral apruinose spots, one anterior of transverse suture, two postsuture (the most posterior one may be tiny or hardly evident). Setation: ac – fine white setae, long postsuture; dc – long white setae along entire length of mesonotum; npl – 2 pale yellow; sa – 1 weak white amongst white setae; pa – 1 weak white amongst white setae. Scutellum black, entirely silver pruinose, disc asetose, margin with 6 thin pale yellow setae and white setae that extend onto disc. Pleura black, entirely silver pruinose, white setose. Wing 3.8 x 1.5 mm, transparent membrane with yellow veins, microtrichia absent, basal angle of r 4 27°. Halter pale brown with yellow knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem dark red-brown, white setose; tib dark red-brown, white setose (a few dark red-brown setae distally); tar dark red-brown, black setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga dark red-brown, silver pruinose except for apruinose mediodistal parts, white setose. Sterna dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose, white setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, but agrees well with topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 33– 35): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) moderately incised to form broadly basally fused distally pointed lobes; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by epand; hypd (in lateral view) short and not projecting distally beyond level attained by epand, tapering gradually (in ventral view) to broadly-rounded medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Little variation seen. Specimens from the western parts of the known distribution (Northern Cape of South Africa and Namibia) have more extensively apruinose mesonotal areas.</p><p>Type specimens: BOTSWANA: 6ơ 2^ paratypes, ‘ Botswana / Serowe [2223S 2643E] / M. T. 6.xi.87’; 8ơ paratypes, ‘ Botswana / Serowe / M. T. 6.xii.87’ (1ơ BMNH); 3^ paratypes, ‘ Botswana: Serowe #56 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.733334/lat -22.416666)">Farmer’s Brigade</a> / 22°25'S: 26°44'E 1000 m / Date: 28.xi.1990 / Coll: P. Forchhammer / Malaise Trap’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Botswana SE 2226BD / Forestry nursary. / ca. 6 km SE of Se- / rowe. Malaise trap 3 / Forchhammer. 1300 m. / 27-xi-84’; 2^ paratypes, ‘ Botswana SE 2226BD / Farmers Brigade 5 kms / SE of Serowe Hillside / N slope P. Forchhammer / 30-xi-84 / Malaise trap 2 / Mercury vapour lamp’ . NAMIBIA: 1^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.5/lat -21.983334)">Namibia</a> 28.iii.1984 / 15 km W Usakos. Rd 2/2 / 21 59'S: 15 30'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Roadside vegetation – / flowers .’. SOUTH AFRICA: 1^ paratype, ‘ Soutpan [2258S 2920E], Zpbg. / 15–30 Nov. 1932 / G. van Son’; ơ holotype, 5 ơ 4^ paratypes, ‘mounted / from alcohol’, ‘ S. Africa: Transvaal / Ellisras [2340S 2744E] / Malaise trap / 22.xi.1978 / Brothers &amp; J-Guillarmod’; 1^ paratype, ‘ South Africa: N Cape / Ca. 5 km E Augrabies Falls / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.276266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.6214" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.276266/lat -28.6214)">National Park’s</a> main gate / 28°37.284'S 020°16.576'E / 670 m J Londt &amp; T Dikow / 4.ii.2004 Acacia savanna’; 3ơ 4^ paratypes, ‘ South Africa: N Cape / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.99675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.99675/lat -28.716867)">Tierberg Nature Reserve</a> / 28°43.012'S 020°59.805'E / 830 m J Londt &amp; T Dikow / 5.ii.2004 Rocky, sparsely / vegetated exposed hillside’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from a few fairly widely separated localities within the Savanna Biome (Fig. 79). The species flies from November to March (no records for January). Material collected by me was swept from grass.</p><p>Similar species:A distinctive species with similarities to anassa, argos, aspros, meilloni and vumba (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFC2FFCDEB91FA2BFE66E6E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDCFFCCEB0CFF6DFD35E6EE.text	CF1787E3FFDCFFCCEB0CFF6DFD35E6EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon meilloni (Oldroyd 1974) Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon meilloni (Oldroyd, 1974), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 36–38, 79</p><p>Rhabdogaster meilloni Oldroyd, 1974: 67 (in key), fig. 61 male genitalia. Type locality: South Africa (Londt</p><p>1993: 391).</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine silver pruinose, black setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.9:3.3:0.5:1.6. Face black, entirely silver-gold pruinose, mystax black covering about 70% of face (setae absent dorsally). Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.5. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, entirely red-gold pruinose, long dark red-brown setose. Occiput dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose (few dark red-brown dorsally). Proboscis red-brown, white setose. Palpi orange-brown, plp 1 white, plp 2 red-brown setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black postpronotal and postalar lobes brown-orange, red-gold pruinose with apruinose postpronotal lobes, medial stripes and mediolateral spots. Setation: ac – fine long dark red-brown; dc – fine long dark red-brown; npl – 2 moderate dark red-brown; sa – 1 long thin dark red-brown; pa – fine long dark red-brown. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose tiny gold pruinose area anterolaterally, disc asetose, margin with 5 thin dark red-brown setae. Pleura brown-orange, entirely goldsilver pruinose except for small apruinose spot on katepisternum, sparse pale yellow setose except for long thin dark red-brown katatergals. Wing 5.1 x 1.6 mm, membrane slightly yellow-brown, microtrichia red-brown, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 13°. Halter pale brown with brown-rimmed white knob. Legs: cx brown-orange, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters brown-orange; fem brown-orange, fem 1 brown-orange with dark red-brown ventrally, fem 2 dark red-brown with brown-orange dorsally and apically, fine white setose; tib brown-orange (tib 1–2), red-brown (tib 3), macrosetae black, setae fine yellow; tar brown-orange, macrosetae black, setae black and yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga dark red-brown with brown-orange posterolateral parts, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margins, small fine dark red-brown setose dorsally longer white setose laterally. Sterna brown-orange, entirely gold pruinose, long fine white setose. Genitalia: Holotype ơ illustrated (Figs 36–38): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised to form basally fused acutely pointed lobes; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by either epand or hypd; hypd (in lateral view) moderately long and projecting distally beyond level attained by epand, tapering rapidly (in ventral view) to trifurcate medial process where central element is elongate and distally slightly club-shaped.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Little can be said as there are only two known specimens.</p><p>Type specimens (seen): SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 1^ paratype ( meilloni) ‘Small bush, forest edge. / Eshowe [2853S 3128E] – Zululand. / Coll: (B. DeM). [Botha de Meillon] / 9.6.37. Coll: 1660’, ‘ Rhabdogaster / meilloni sp. n. / det. H. Oldroyd 1972 / HOLOTYPE’ (BMNH).</p><p>Note: It is interesting to note that even after carefully drawing attention to the importance of a metacoxal bridge in defining Rhabdogaster, Oldroyd (1974) misplaced this species which clearly possesses a membranous postmetacoxal area.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from the type locality in KwaZulu-Natal (Fig. 79), and collected only in June.</p><p>Similar species: A. vumba (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDCFFCCEB0CFF6DFD35E6EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDFFFCFEBB4FF6DFBA0E5D3.text	CF1787E3FFDFFFCFEBB4FF6DFBA0E5D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon melas Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon melas sp. n.</p><p>Figs 39–41, 79</p><p>Etymology: Gr. melas (black). Refers to the dominant colour of this species.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Black, fine silver pruinose, black setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.7:2.6:0.2:0.9. Face black, silver pruinose except for mystacal area, mystax black, strong, extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.4. Frons and vertex black, shiny apruinose, black setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose, black setose. Proboscis dark red-brown, brown setose. Palpi dark red-brown, black setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margin and extensive area postsuture. Setation: ac – fine black setae mostly postsuture; dc – fine black setae mostly postsuture; npl – 2 black; sa – 1 black; pa – 2 fine black. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose with silver anterior and posterolateral margins, disc asetose, margin with approx. 7 thin black setae. Pleura black, fine silver-gold pruinose except for bare areas on anepisternum, katepisternum and meron, sparsely black setose. Wing 5.8 x 2.3 mm, light brown, microtrichia brown, covering membrane extensively, basal angle of r 4 21°. Halter dark red-brown with orange-yellow knob. Legs: cx black, fine red-gold pruinose, black setose; trochanters black; fem black distal tips red-brown, black setose (some fine orange setae); tib orange, black setose; tar dark red-brown, black setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margins, black setose. Sterna black, fine red-gold pruinose, long black setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 39–41): Hypopygium rotated through between 90–180°; epand (in dorsal view) incised to approximately half length to form broadly basally fused distally rounded lobes; goncx externally distally broadly bilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by epand; hypd (in lateral view) long and projecting distally well beyond levels attained by epand and goncx, tapering gradually (in ventral view) to slightly club-shaped medial process; medial process (in lateral view) with distinctive dorsally directed subapical scoop-shaped process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Specimens show no variation of note.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 2ơ 9^ paratypes, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Franschhoek Pass / 3319 CC [3354S 1909E] 21.xi.1986 / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / Grass &amp; macchia on / summit of pass 800 m’ (1^ BMNH) .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 79) and collected only during November. The species apparently occurs sympatrically with africanus, but they may fly at slightly different times of summer ( melas a little earlier in the season).</p><p>Similar species: A. capensis and also africanus and peregrinus (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDFFFCFEBB4FF6DFBA0E5D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDFFFCEEBD5FA79FC85E53F.text	CF1787E3FFDFFFCEEBD5FA79FC85E53F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon pardosoros Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon pardosoros sp. n.</p><p>Figs 42–44, 78</p><p>Etymology: Gr. pardos (leopard) and oros (mountain). Refers to the type locality of Tierberg (Dutch – Leopard Mountain).</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown (style slightly paler), silver pruinose, strongly white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.1:1.8:0.2:1.8 (i.e. relatively short postpedicel). Face black, entirely strong silver pruinose, mystax with short, strong white setae extending to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:5.2. Frons and vertex black, colour masked by strong silver pruinescence, white setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose except for two apruinose areas either side of vertex that extend onto occiput, white setose. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for silver convoluted lateral and posterior margins and narrow median stripe. Setation: ac – long white postsuture; dc – long white postsuture; npl – 3 strong yellow; sa – 1 long yellow; pa – 2 long yellowwhite. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose but with silver pruinose anterior margin and broad median band, disc asetose, margin with approx. 30 well developed white setae. Pleura black, gold-silver pruinose except for apruinose spots on anepisternum, katepisternum and meron, long white setose. Wing 4.6 x 1.9 mm, veins dark red-brown and brown-orange, membrane transparent, microtrichia mostly absent, basal angle of r 4 27°. Halter pale brown with pale yellow knob. Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem dark red-brown with orange-brown tips, white setose (some strong setae); tib brown-orange, white setose; tar dark redbrown, white and black setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, gold-silver pruinose except for some bare areas anterolaterally and posteromedially on tergites, white setose. Sterna similar to terga but without apruinose areas. Genitalia: ơ holotype illustrated (Figs 42–44): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) poorly developed, not incised to form lobes (posterior margin gently concave), proc well-developed and projecting well beyond level attained by either goncx or hypd; goncx externally distally weakly bilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by epand. Aedeagus (in lateral view) elongate projecting beyond level attained by hypd; hypd (in lateral view) robust, elongate, gradually tapering distally to moderately pointed medial process.</p><p>Variation: The holotype male is then only known specimen.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, ‘ South Africa: N Cape / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.99675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716867" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.99675/lat -28.716867)">Tierberg Nature Reserve</a> / 28°43.012'S 020°59.805'E / 830 m J Londt &amp; T Dikow / 5.ii.2004 Rocky, sparsely / vegetated exposed hillside’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 78), collected only during February. Biology unknown. This species and mauros occur sympatrically.</p><p>Similar species: A. dasys and uranopia (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDFFFCEEBD5FA79FC85E53F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDEFFC8EBCAFA25FC51E23F.text	CF1787E3FFDEFFC8EBCAFA25FC51E23F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon peregrinus (Engel 1929)	<div><p>Afroholopogon peregrinus (Engel, 1929)</p><p>Figs 45–47, 79</p><p>Heteropogon peregrinus Engel, 1929: 168; Oldroyd 1974: 44 (figs 34 postmetacoxal area, 36 entire male);</p><p>1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: South Africa. Afroholopogon peregrinus: Londt 1994: 64, figs 17, 18 .</p><p>Redescription: Based on lectotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine red-gold pruinose, dark red-brown setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:3.3:0.3:1.4. Face black, entirely silver pruinose, mystax with strong setae along epistomal margin, black medially pale yellow laterally, central setae weak, small, red-brown, extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.6. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, mostly shiny apruinose, fine red-brown and brown-yellow setose. Occiput dark red-brown, silvery pruinose, white setose (few short pale yellow setae dorsally). Proboscis dark red-brown, white setose. Palpi dark red-brown, plp 1 white, plp 2 yellow-brown setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for silver lateral and posterior margins (posterior pruinosity extends as a narrow strip to level of transverse suture. Setation: ac – tiny weak yellow-white; dc – tiny weak yellow-white; npl – 2 moderate brownyellow; sa – 1 weak brown-yellow; pa – tiny weak yellow-white. Scutellum dark redbrown, largely shiny apruinose except for anterolateral parts, disc asetose, margin with approx. 6 thin yellow setae. Pleura dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose (anepisternum somewhat red-gold) except for apruinose spot on katepisternum, sparsely white setose. Wing 5.6 x 2.3 mm, pale brown, microtrichia red-brown, covering entire surface, basal angle of r 4 19°. Halter pale brown with brown-yellow knob (right halter broken). Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver pruinose, yellow-white setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem dark red-brown dorsally brown-orange ventrally, fine yellow-white setose; tib brownorange dorsally dark red-brown ventrally, macrosetae black, setae yellow-white; tar dark red-brown, macrosetae black, setae predominantly red-brown.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margins, small fine dark red-brown setose. Sterna black, entirely dull silver pruinose, long fine dark red-brown setose. Genitalia: ơ holotype not dissected and macerated. Topotypic ơ illustrated (Figs 45–47): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) fully incised to form two lobes not clearly fused basally; lobes shorter than goncx and tapering to pointed apices; goncx externally distally bilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by epand; hypd (in lateral view), elongate, curved, gradually tapering (in ventral view) to rounded medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Individual variation minimal.</p><p>Type specimens (seen): SOUTH AFRICA: ơ lectotype ‘Engel / 14’, ‘Capland / Willowmore [3317S 2330E] / 15.xi.1919 / Dr. Brauns’, ‘ơ’, ‘Sammlung / E. Engel’, ‘Cotype von ơ / Heteropogon / peregrinus E.’ [red] (ZSMC); 1^ paralectotype ‘Sammlung / E. Engel’, [blank red label], ‘Capland / Willowmore / 15.xi.1919 / Dr. Brauns’, ‘ Heteropogon ^ / peregrinis Eng.’ (ZSMC); 1ơ paralectotype ‘Grahams / Town’ [3318S 2632E], ‘Sammlung / F. Hermann’, ‘Cotype von / Heteropogon / peregrinis Engel’ [red], ‘ peregrinus / Engel’ [blue], ‘Capland / Heteropogon / peregrinus / Type ơ Hrm’ [pale pink] (ZSMC).</p><p>Note: Oldroyd (1974) says ‘Type in Pretoria’. This is incorrect. Engel (1929) did not designate a holotype. His list of specimens clearly indicates that the three specimens in ZSMC were the only ones available at the time of description. They are therefore correctly considered cotypes or syntypes. As they come from two localities it is considered appropriate to designate a lectotype. The male from Willowmore is in excellent condition and is selected as lectotype, the other specimens are paralectotypes.</p><p>Other material studied: SOUTH AFRICA: 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Klein Visrivier – ca. / 10 km W Somerset East / 32°44'S: 25°30'E 800 m / J&amp;H Londt 6.xii.1989 / Rocky ridge &amp; stream’; 1ơ, ‘Matroosberg [3323S 1940E] Sta.’ ~ ‘12.1962, / S.A.M.’ (SAMC); 1ơ, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov / 18 km NE Touwsrivier / Jan de Boers 3320AC / Londt &amp; Quickelberge / 20.xi.1986 1000 m / Rocky area nr fields’; 1^, ‘7 Weeks Poort [Seven Weeks Poort 3322S 2125E] Berg / Ladismith, Cape. / 5500-7000 ft’ ~ ‘K.H. Barnard / Dec. 25-31 / 1928 ’ (SAMC); 1ơ ‘Cloetes Pass [3357S 2147E] / Oct. 1937 ’ (SAMC); 2^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov. / Meiringspoort 3322BC / 11.xii.1979 Londt / &amp; Stuckenberg Rocky / hillside &amp; stream edge’; 1ơ, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov. / Diepkloof CA 20 km E / De Rust 3322BD / 12.xii.1979 J. Londt / &amp; B. Stuckenberg Dry / rocky hillside &amp; stream’; 2ơ, ‘Willowmore [3317S 2330E] / Capland / Dr. H. Brauns. / 11.1917’, ‘Engel / 14’ [1ơ only]; 1ơ 1^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 1.12.1916 / Dr. Brauns’, ‘ Heteropogon / peregrinus Engel / det. H. Oldroyd 1972’ [on 8M only]; 1ơ, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 08.10.1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ,</p><p>‘ Capland / Willowmore / 08.10.1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1?, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 10 Oct 1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ 2^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 16.11.1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 2^, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 20.11.1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ, ‘Capland / Willowmore / 25.11.1916 / Dr. Brauns’; 1ơ 1^, ‘Sth Africa: Cape Prov. / Prince Alfred Pass / Summit 11.xii.1979 / 3323 CC / Stuckenberg &amp; / Londt Old lands’; 1ơ, ‘Papiesfontein [3358S 2459E] / Gamtoos Mth,’ ~ ‘S.A.M. / 1: 60’ (SAMC); 2ơ 10^, ‘Otterford Forestry / Reserve / Hankey area / 1–10.12.67 3325 CC / B&amp;P Stuckenberg’; 1^, ‘ Cape Province / Grahamstown [3318S 2632E] / 7.i.1978 / J.G.H. Londt’; 1^, ‘ South Africa. / Cape Province / Cradock Rd / Grahamstown / 14.viii.1959 / D.J. Greathead’ (BMNH); 4^, ‘ Garcias [approx. 3400S 2115E] / Forestry C. P. / Nov. 1940 / G. van Son’; 1ơ 1^, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov. / Knysna Heads (N side) / 9–10.xii.1979 3423AA / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Open hillside grass’; 2ơ, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov. / Brenton on Sea 3423AA / 10.xii.1979 J. Londt / &amp; B. Stuckenberg Dune / &amp; hillside vegetation’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from the southern parts of South Africa (Fig. 79). The species flies from August to January (no September records exist), and has been swept from grass.</p><p>Similar species: A. africanus, but also capensis and melas (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDEFFC8EBCAFA25FC51E23F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD8FFCBEBA0FD25FD3DE1A3.text	CF1787E3FFD8FFCBEBA0FD25FD3DE1A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon tanystylos Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon tanystylos sp. n.</p><p>Figs 48–50, 78</p><p>Etymology: Gr. tany (long) and stylos (pillar, column). Refers to the elongate antennal style.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: black, distal half of style yellow-brown, fine silver pruinose, white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:2.0:0.3:2.5 (long style). Face black, entirely strongly silver pruinose, mystax strong white, extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.3. Frons and vertex black, entirely silver pruinose, weak white setose. Occiput black, gold-silver pruinose (weak behind ocellar tubercle), white setose (long dorsally). Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, extensively gold-silver pruinose except for pair of apruinose anteromedial stripes and two big mediolateral apruinose spots (one anterior of suture, one postsuture). Setation: ac – small white; dc – short white (longer postsuture); npl – 2 white; sa – 1 white (with smaller setae); pa – 1 white (with smaller setae). Scutellum black, almost entirely gold-silver (except for tiny lateral spot), disc asetose, margin with 8 white setae. Pleura black, entirely gold-silver pruinose, white setose. Wing 3.4 x 1.4 mm, transparent, unstained, microtrichia largely absent, basal angle of r 4 23°. Halter light brown with pale yellow knob. Legs: cx black, gold-silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem black with narrow brown-orange distal tip, white setose; tib orange with dark red-brown distal end, white setose; tar dark red-brown, dark redbrown setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for broad distal gold-silver bands, tiny white setae (long on T1–2). Sterna dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose, tiny yellow setose. Genitalia of holotype not macerated but appearing to conform closely with the illustrated paratype (Figs 48–50): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) a little longer than hypd, deeply incised to form elongate lobes that project well beyond level attained by goncx; goncx externally distally bilobed and projecting (in lateral view) to a level just beyond half the length attained by epand; hypd (in lateral view) long, upturned at about mid length and (in ventral view) tapering rapidly before diverging and forming a trilobed distal process of complex structure.</p><p>Variation: Little variation is evident within the small sample available.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 1ơ 1^ paratypes, ‘ South Africa: N Cape / Ca. 5 km E Augrabies Falls / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.276266&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.6214" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.276266/lat -28.6214)">National Park’s</a> main gate / 28°37.284'S 020°16.576'E / 670m J Londt &amp; T Dikow / 4.ii.2004 Acacia savanna’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from the type locality (Fig. 78). The specimens were swept from sparse, long grass in February.</p><p>Similar species: Difficult to confuse with any other species, but considered most similar to chirundu, fugax and xeros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD8FFCBEBA0FD25FD3DE1A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDBFFCAEBC1FE47FCECE22B.text	CF1787E3FFDBFFCAEBC1FE47FCECE22B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon uranopia Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon uranopia sp. n.</p><p>Figs 3, 51–53, 78</p><p>Etymology: Gr. ouranos (heaven, sky) and opia (pertaining to sight). Refers to the shape of the eyes which appear to be tilted toward the sky.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Black, fine silver pruinose, brown macrosetae (few) and fine white setae; segmental formula 1.0:1.0:2.9:0.3:1.1; antennal sockets set low on head (i.e. they lie below an imaginary line connecting widest points across head in anterior view). Face black, apruinose except for narrow silver pruinose lateral strips, mystax white, extending over ventral half of face (dorsal part asetose). Face width:head width ratio 1.0:6.0 (i.e. face narrow). Eyes appearing to be tilted backwards (Fig. 3, ơ from GraaffReinet). Frons and vertex black, mostly shiny apruinose, white setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose, white setose. Proboscis red-brown, white setose. Palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, shiny apruinose except for narrow silver lateral margin and narrow band from posterior margin to just anterior of transverse suture. Setation: ac – few fine white; dc – few fine white; npl – 2 dark brown; sa – 1 long yellow-white; pa – 2 weak yellow-white. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose but with weakly silver pruinose anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with approx. 20 thin white setae. Pleura black, silver pruinose except for apruinose areas on anepisternum, katepisternum and meron. Wing 2.9 x 1.1 mm, transparent, microtrichia largely absent, basal angle of r 4 19°. Halter dark brown with yellow-white knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters dark red-brown; fem dark red-brown with orange-brown distal tips, white setose; tib orange-brown with red-brown distal ends, white setose; tar red-brown, white and black.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for silver lateral margins, setae tiny black and longer white. Sterna dark red-brown, silver pruinose except for a triangular area on each segment, white setose. Genitalia: ơ holotype not dissected and macerated, topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 51–53): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) elongate, distal margin concave and broadly bilobed; proc well developed and projecting well beyond epand; goncx externally distally bilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond levels attained by epand and hypd. Aedeagus elongate, downward curved and projecting beyond all other structures; hypd (in lateral view), short, gradually tapering (in ventral view) to broadly truncate distal margin.</p><p>Variation: Individual variation within sexes is minimal. Some sexual dimorphism is evident in that mesonotal and abdominal pruinescence of females is much more extensive, of complex arrangement and mainly golden in appearance. Female eyes are not as obviously anterodorsally flattened as seen in males.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: ơ holotype, 9 ơ 8^ paratypes, ‘ S Africa: Eastern Cape / GraaffReinet 760 m / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.528334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.237778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.528334/lat -32.237778)">Urquhart Caravan Park</a> / 32°14'16''S 24°31'42''E / 26–28.x.2004 J&amp;A Londt / Succulent rocky slopes’ (1ơ 1^ BMNH); 1ơ 2^ paratypes, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.483334/lat -32.233334)">Karoo Nature Reserve</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.483334/lat -32.233334)">West of Graaff Reinet</a> / 32°14'S 24°29'E 900 m / J&amp;H Londt Rocky slope / Savannah 7–8.xii.1989 ’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Graaff-Reinet</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Urquhart Park Caravan</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Park</a> 4–6.xii.1988 / 32°15'S 24°33'E / J G H Londt Riverine / veget. Sandy ground’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Found only in the GraaffReinet area of Eastern Cape (Fig. 78). The species flies from October to December (no records for November). All specimens were found resting on large smooth boulders on east-facing slopes.</p><p>Similar species: A. dasys and pardosoros (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDBFFCAEBC1FE47FCECE22B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFDAFFC5EBC1FDD1FD28E22F.text	CF1787E3FFDAFFC5EBC1FDD1FD28E22F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon vumba (Oldroyd 1974)	<div><p>Afroholopogon vumba (Oldroyd, 1974)</p><p>Figs 4, 54–57, 77</p><p>Holopogon vumba Oldroyd, 1974: 47 (in key); 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: Zimbabwe.</p><p>Afroholopogon vumba: Londt 1994: 63, figs 1, 2 head, 3 wing, 4 metathoracic leg, 23–25 ơ genitalia.</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head:Antenna: Dark red-brown (tip of style and sensillum orange), fine silver pruinose, black setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.1:3.4:0.4:1.8. Face black, entirely silver-gold pruinose, mystax black, extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.2. Frons and vertex black, extensively shiny apruinose but red-gold pruinose frons, black setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose, white setose. Proboscis red-brown, white setose. Palpi: plp 1 orange with white setae, plp 2 brown with dark red-brown setae.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, postpronotal and postalar lobes orange-brown, extensively shiny apruinose except for silver-gold parts as follows – lateral margin, anterior area adjacent to postpronotal lobe, and posterior area extending from margin anteriorly to just posterior of transverse suture. Setation: ac – fine red-brown; dc – fine red-brown; npl – 2 short black; sa – 1 thin long black; pa – few fine black. Scutellum black, largely shiny apruinose except for silver-gold anterior margin, disc asetose, margin with approx. 7 fine long black setae. Pleura predominantly orange-brown but with red-brown parts, gold-silver pruinose except for apruinose area on katepisternum, sparsely white setose. Wing (Fig. 4) 6.7 x 2.2 mm, transparent with slight yellow staining, microtrichia redbrown, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 17°. Halter brown with pale yellow knob. Legs: cx brown with yellow patches, silver pruinose except for some shiny bare areas, white setose (few black on anterior of cx 1); trochanters brown and orange; fem brown-orange (fem 1) brown-orange dorsally dark red-brown ventrally (fem 2) dark red-brown with orange-brown ends and dorsal strip (fem 3), white setose; tib orangebrown (tib 1–2) red-brown with orange-brown dorsally, macrosetae mostly black (a few white), setae white (a few dark red-brown); tar orange-brown, black setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga dark red-brown (T1–6) distal segments orange-brown, shiny apruinose except for silver distolateral parts, small black setae (white laterally). Sterna orangebrown, silver pruinose except for tiny shiny apruinose spots, fine white setose. Genitalia: ơ holotype not dissected and macerated, topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 54–57): Hypopygium unrotated; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised forming two distally pointed lobes; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond levels attained by epand and hypd; hypd (in lateral view), short, rapidly tapering (in ventral view) in two stages to elongate medial process .</p><p>Variation: Individual variation minimal, although the paratype lacking an abdomen is somewhat smaller and lacks the extensive orange pleural areas seen in other specimens.</p><p>Type specimens (seen): ZIMBABWE: ơ holotype, 3ơ 1^ 1? paratypes, ‘ 6,000 ft / N. Vumba, [1953S 3122E] / S. Rhodesia / 8.4.1965 / D. Cookson.’, ‘ Holopogon / vumba sp.n. / det. H. Oldroyd 1973 / Holotype’ [paratypes have appropriate labels].</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known only from the type locality in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe (Fig. 77), and only collected during April.</p><p>Similar species: A. meilloni (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFDAFFC5EBC1FDD1FD28E22F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD5FFC4EBAAFDD8FCBFE552.text	CF1787E3FFD5FFC4EBAAFDD8FCBFE552.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroholopogon xeros Londt 2005	<div><p>Afroholopogon xeros sp. n.</p><p>Figs 58–60, 78</p><p>Etymology: Gr. xeros (dry). Refers to the generally dry environments in which the species lives.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown to black, fine silver pruinose, white setose; segmental formula 1.0:0.9:2.2:0.3:2.3. Face black, entirely silver pruinose, mystax white, strong, extending almost to antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.5. Frons and vertex black, shiny apruinose (a tiny patch of silver pruinescence lies in front of ocellar tubercle), long wavy white setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose except for bare area behind ocellar tubercle, white setose. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, apruinose except for narrow silver lateral and posterior margins, covered with long white setae. Setation: ac – long fine white (longer postsuture); dc – long fine white (longer postsuture); npl – 2 moderately long white; sa – 1 long slender white macroseta amongst many fine white setae; pa – approx. 2 fine white difficult to count amongst many fine long white setae. Scutellum black, shiny apruinose with narrow anterior silver pruinose margin, disc asetose, margin with approx. 26 thin white setae arranged in 2 rows. Pleura brown, fine silver pruinose except for bare areas on anepisternum, katepisternum and meron, white setose. Wing 4.8 x 1.9 mm, membrane transparent, veins yellow basally brown distally, microtrichia absent, basal angle of r 4 25°. Halter brown with yellow knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem black, distal tips slightly paler dark red-brown, white setose; tib orange, distal tips dark red-brown, mainly white setose (some dark red-brown distally); tar dark red-brown, white and black setose.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, shiny apruinose except for small silver areas margins, long pale yellow setose. Sterna dark red-brown, pruinescence masked by many long pale yellow setae. Genitalia: ơ holotype not dissected and macerated, topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 58–60): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised forming two basally connected distally projecting apically down-curved lobes that project beyond levels attained by goncx and hypd; goncx externally distally bilobed and not projecting (in lateral view) beyond levels attained by epand and hypd; hypd (in lateral view), robust, curved and of complex shape in ventral view (Fig. 60).</p><p>Variation: Although some size variation is evident (wing-lengths from 3.7–6.5 mm) individual variation is minimal.</p><p>Type specimens: NAMIBIA: 1ơ paratype, Warmbad [1910S 1349E] / S.W.A. / Koakoveld’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Feb. 1925 ’ (SAMC) ; 5ơ 7^ paratypes, ‘ Kamanyab [1938S 1450E] / S.W.A’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. / Mar. 1925 ’ (SAMC) ; ơ holotype, 2ơ 8^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.666667/lat -20.233334)">Namibia</a> 24.iii.1984 / 52 km W Outjo. Road 65 / 20 14'S: 15 40'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Mopane woodland on a / rocky hillside.’; 4^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.083334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.65" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.083334/lat -20.65)">Namibia</a> 20.iii.1984 / 60 km E Otjiwarongo. / Rd 101 20 39'S: 17 05'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Acacia thornveld and / dry river course.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘SW Africa: / Tsisab Cyn. [2101S 1441E] / Brandberg Mts / v-11-58, 550 m’, ‘ E.S. Ross &amp; / R. E. Leech / collectors’ (CASC) ; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.95/lat -21.433332)">Namibia</a> 27.iii.1984 / Omaruru commonage / 21 26'S: 15 57'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Acacia savanna with / large boulders.’; 1ơ 4^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.95/lat -21.683332)">Namibia</a> 27.iii.1984 / 30 km S Omaruru. Road / 2/3 21 41'S: 15 57'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Sparse Acacia scrub / in cattle pasture.’; 2ơ 3^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.916667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.916667/lat -21.783333)">Namibia</a> 27.iii.1984 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.916667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.783333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.916667/lat -21.783333)">Kahn River</a> 24 km N of / Karibib. Road 2/3 / 21 47'S: 15 55'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Acacias / Dry river bed.’; 2ơ 3^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.75/lat -21.933332)">Namibia</a> 27.iii.1984 / 10 km W Karibib. Road / 2/3 21 56'S: 15 45'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Roadside shrubs with / open sandy patches.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.5/lat -21.966667)">Namibia</a> 28.iii.1984 / 15 km W Usakos. Road 2/2 / 21 58'S: 15 30'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Roadside vegetation – / flowers.’; 3^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.35/lat -21.983334)">Namibia</a> 28.iii.1984 / 43 km NW Usakos. Road / 1930 Spitzkop area. / 21 59'S: 15 21'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Acacias, rocky area.’; 4ơ 2^ paratypes, ‘ Namibia 24.iv.1983 / 20 km W Usakos 2115CD / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Sparse Savannah. ’; 3ơ 5^ paratypes, ‘ Namibia 24.iv.1983 / 10 km E Usakos 2115DC / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Roadside vegetation.’ (1ơ 1^ BMNH) ; 1ơ paratype, ‘ Omaruru [2115S 1600E] / J.S. Brown / 1921’ (SAMC) ; 1^ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.7/lat -21.933332)">Namibia</a> 28.iii.1984 / 20 km W Okahandja Road / 7/1. 21 56'S: 16 42'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Mixed woodland with / bare ground.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.166666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.166666/lat -21.05)">Namibia</a> 19.iii.1984 / 87 km SE Otjiworongo. / Rd. 57 21 03'S: 17 10'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Acacia woodland with / long grass in seed.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.25/lat -21.083334)">Namibia</a> 19.iii.1984 / Omuramba Omatako Riv. / Near Osire. Road 57 / 21 05'S: 17 15'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Grassy road verges.’; 1ơ 1^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.516666/lat -21.2)">Namibia</a> 19.iii.1984 / 35 km W Otjosondu. Road / 57. 21 12'S: 17 31'E / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / Mixed Acacia woodland / with grassy patches.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.566667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.566667/lat -22.0)">Namibia</a> 27.iii.1984 / Usakos. Town dump. / 22 00'S: 15 34'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Poor Acacia woodland / stony ground.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.05/lat -22.366667)">Namibia</a> 17.iii.1984 / 47 km W Witvlei. Road / 6/1. 22 22'S: 18 03'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Acacia savanna with / shrubs and grass.’; 2^ paratypes, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.516666/lat -22.433332)">Namibia</a> 17.iii.1984 / Witvlei, hill SW of / town. 22 26'S: 18 31'E / Stuckenberg &amp; Londt / Acacias &amp; low shrubs.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Kalkfontein [2801S 1845E] / S.W.A. ’ ~ ‘ J.S. Brown / Oct. 1923 ’ (SAMC) . SOUTH AFRICA: 1ơ paratype, ‘ Vioolsdrift [2846S 1739E] / Namaqualand’ ~ ‘ Museum Staff / March 1935 ’ (SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Found over a fairly large area centred on Namibia (Fig. 78). Much of the material was collected by me on two trips to the northern parts of the country. The species was commonly encountered at almost every locality visited and is almost certain to be encountered in the southern parts of the country which I have not visited at a suitable time. The species flies from February to May although a single record exists for October. Most of the material was swept from grass.</p><p>Similar species: Difficult to confuse with any other species, but considered most similar to chirundu and fugax and tanystylos (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD5FFC4EBAAFDD8FCBFE552	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD4FFC7EB43FAF7FEFDE267.text	CF1787E3FFD4FFC7EB43FAF7FEFDE267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhabdogaster gracilis (Engel & Cuthbertson 1937) Londt 2005	<div><p>Rhabdogaster gracilis (Engel &amp; Cuthbertson, 1937), comb. n.</p><p>Heteropogon gracilis Engel &amp; Cuthbertson, 1937: 13, 14, fig. 9a antenna; Oldroyd 1974: 47, fig. 37 entire female; 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: Zimbabwe.</p><p>Afroholopogon gracilis: Londt 1994: 64 .</p><p>Type specimens: ZIMBABWE: ơ holotype, ‘Trefonen Farm / Trelawney / S. Rhodesia. / Dept. Agric. / 22/ 11/1935 ’, ‘W.L. Williams / collector’, ‘Type von / Heteropogon / gracilis Engel’ [orange], ‘973’ (NMBZ). Note: In their paper, Engel &amp; Cuthbertson (1937) record the type locality as ‘Trefonen farm near Trelawney, Lomagundi’ and the date of collection as ‘ December 1935 ’. Lomagundi [1710S 3005E] is not recorded on the specimen labels while the month of collection (written by hand in black ink) may either be interpreted as November or February.</p><p>Other material recorded: Oldroyd (1974) gives ‘? S.W. AFRICA: 25 km E. of Gababis (B.M.A.Afr. Exped., 1972)’.</p><p>Comment: The holotype, in excellent condition, leaves no doubt that the species must be transferred to Rhabdogaster, and so the new combination Rhabdogaster gracilis (Engel &amp; Cuthbertson, 1937) is here established. I have also examined a female in the BMNH which appears to be the specimen Oldroyd (1974) illustrated (his fig. 37). The label reads ‘S.W. Africa (W56) / 16 mls. E Gobabis / 11.iv.1972 ’, ‘Southern / African Exp. / BM. 1972-1’ and is therefore not exactly as cited by Oldroyd (see above). I assume a mistake was made when providing the information for the 1974 publication. This specimen was also incorrectly identified as it too definitely represents a species of Rhabdogaster . Further comment on this material is intended in a planned revision of Rhabdogaster .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD4FFC7EB43FAF7FEFDE267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD1FFC0E878FD1DFBDFE4B7.text	CF1787E3FFD1FFC0E878FD1DFBDFE4B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischiolobos Londt 2005	<div><p>Ischiolobos gen. n.</p><p>Etymology: Gr. ischion (hip) and lobos (elongated projection). Refers to the elongate process on the anterior face of the metathoracic coxae.</p><p>Type species: Heteropogon holcocephaloides Lindner, 1955 by present designation.</p><p>Description: Members of this genus are generally similar to species of Afroholopogon and will key to that genus in the most recent generic key (Londt 1999). That key requires updating to include Ontomyia Dikow &amp; Londt, 2000, and Oligopogon Loew, 1847 after its transfer to the Stenopogoninae by Geller-Grimm &amp; Hradský (2003). The genus therefore combines the following features: (1) The mesonotum is not greatly elevated and humplike (as in Oxynoton Janssens, 1951); (2) The postmetacoxal area is membranous (although this feature is shared with most other genera of the subfamily, it is of special importance because the species of Rhabdogaster, characterised by the possession of a sclerotized postmetacoxal bridge, are very similar and frequently confused with species of Afroholopogon and Ischiolobos); (3) The pulvilli are well developed (thus differentiating these taxa from superficially similar taxa such as Acnephalum Macquart, 1838, Ammodaimon Londt, 1985 and Sisyrnodytes Loew, 1856); (4) The anal lobe of the wing lacks a bordering vein, i.e. the costa terminates at or before the point where the anal vein joins the wing margin; this character is particularly important as it separates these taxa from palaearctic species of Cyrtopogon Loew, 1847, Heteropogon Loew, 1847 and Holopogon Loew, 1847 as discussed by Londt (1994).</p><p>In combination the following features are diagnostic for Ischiolobos: (1) The metacoxae have, on the anterior surface, an elongate, distally rounded peg-like process (Fig. 5). Care needs to be taken when viewing these structures. While they can usually be seen when viewing specimens laterally, these processes may be at least partly hidden by the mesocoxae as they tend to project into the space between the meso- and metacoxae (this is best seen ventrally). Although this character is found in a wide range of other asilids, it appears to be restricted to only a few afrotropical stenopogonine genera. A survey demonstrated their existence in species of only two other genera, Hypenetes Loew, 1858 and Trichoura Londt, 1994; (2) Female hypopygium with poorly-developed distal valves (Figs 63–64). In comparison with species of Afroholopogon, the hypopygial valves are small and not markedly distolaterally compressed to form a V-shaped structure (e.g. as seen in A. capensis – Figs 61–62); (3) Male genitalia have a suite of characteristics that when found together are diagnostic: (a) The hypopygium is rotated through about 180°. While a number of Afroholopogon species also share this character, many do not; (b) The epandrium projects beyond the levels attained by either the gonocoxites (including gonostyli) or hypandrium and is usually weakly lobed and shaped like an inverted bowl ( niveoscutum, and to a much lesser extent notios, do however have more obviously defined epandrial lobes); (c) The gonocoxite when viewed laterally has a simple appearance in that it is unilobed distally.Again some Afroholopogon species share this character, but many do not; (d) The hypandrium is relatively poorly developed, being wider than long in ventral view and not projecting distally to the level attained by the gonocoxites. The mediodistal tip is pointed in ventral view and, when viewed laterally, it is upturned and lies between the gonocoxites (often hidden from view); (4) Mystax poorly developed below antennal sockets. The mystacal macrosetae are arranged ventrally above the epistomal margin. Much smaller setae are found halfway up the face and those in the upper region of the face, below antennal sockets, are tiny and somewhat adpressed to the facial surface. While some species of Afroholopogon have mystacal setae that are either widely separated in the middle and upper parts of the face or small and weakly developed, most have a relatively well-developed mystax; (5) Mesonotal pruinescence is extensive. Both holcocephaloides and mesotopos possess a completely pruinose mesonotum. While notios has extensive mesonotal pruinescence there are well-defined apruinose spots, niveoscutum is exceptional in having a far more extensively apruinose mesonotum and is therefore comparable to the vast majority of Afroholopogon species ( A. mauros being exceptional in having an almost entirely pruinose mesonotum).</p><p>Ischiolobos may be keyed by adapting Londt’s (1999) key as shown below.</p><p>13 Mesonotum greatly elevated anterodorsally and hump-like (2 species – Londt 1996)</p><p>........................................................................................ Oxynoton Janssens, 1951 – Mesonotum not hump-like, but of more usual form ......................................... 13a 13a Metacoxae with elongate, distally rounded, peg-like process on anterior surface</p><p>(4 species – Londt this paper) .................................................. Ischiolobos gen. n. – Metacoxae lacking peg-like process on anterior surface (18 species – Londt this paper) ......................................................................... Afroholopogon Londt, 1994</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD1FFC0E878FD1DFBDFE4B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD0FFC2EB21FB5DFD68E14F.text	CF1787E3FFD0FFC2EB21FB5DFD68E14F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischiolobos holcocephaloides (Lindner 1955) Londt 2005	<div><p>Ischiolobos holcocephaloides (Lindner, 1955), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 65–67, 80</p><p>Heteropogon holcocephaloides Lindner, 1955:30, 31; Oldroyd 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: Tanzania. Afroholopogon holocephaloides [sic]: Londt 1994: 64.</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine gold pruinose, yellow setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.4:4.0:0.1:1.4. Face dark red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose, mystax yellow, strong ventrally, centrally weak, dorsal region asetose. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.5. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose, tiny fine yellow setose. Occiput dark red-brown (colour masked by gold-silver pruinescence covering entire area), fine pale yellow setose. Proboscis red-brown, yellow-white setose. Palpi red-brown yellow setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose with brown-red patches. Setation: ac – tiny pale yellow (a little longer postsuture); dc – fine yellow, longer postsuture; npl – 3 short yellow accompanied by a few smaller setae; sa – 1 fine yellow accompanied by some tiny yellow setae; pa – 1 fine yellow and a few tiny setae. Scutellum red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose, disc with a few tiny yellow setae, margin with approx. 4 thin yellow setae. Pleura red-brown, entirely gold-silver pruinose, sparsely yellow setose. Wing 4.9 x 2.1 mm,light brown, microtrichia red-brown, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 20°. Halter yellow with brown-pink knob. Legs: cx red-brown, gold-silver pruinose, yellow setose, anterior surface of cx 3 with peg-like projection (Fig. 5, ơ from Mkuzi); trochanters brown; fem yellow with brown dorsodistal parts, fine yellow setose (brown on brown parts); tib yellow with brown distal half, yellow setose; tar yellow-brown, distal segments darker than proximal ones, setae yellow and brown.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga mostly yellow, T7–9 orange-brown, fine gold pruinose, especially laterally, fine yellow setose. Sterna mostly yellow, S7–9 orange-brown, entirely fine gold-silver pruinose, fine yellow setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, but agrees well with Mulanje ơ illustrated (Figs 65–67): Hypopygium rotated through between about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) shallowly incised distomedially to form slightly bilobed cupped structure; goncx externally distally unilobed; hypd (in lateral view) short and not projecting distally beyond level attained by goncx, tapering rapidly (in ventral view) to somewhat pointed medial process.</p><p>Variation: Individual variation minimal, but some geographical variation evident. The holotype appears slightly teneral in that its colours are somewhat paler when compared with other specimens. The Kenyan female has slightly more extensively darkened hind femora, while specimens from the southern parts of the range have black ventral femoral setae rather than yellow ones. The Marieps female is somewhat unusual in having orange postpronotal lobes and parts of the thoracic pleura.</p><p>Type specimens (seen): TANZANIA: ơ holotype, 1ơ paratype, ‘Kware b. Moshi [0321S 3720E] / 27.xii.– 13.i.1952 / D. O. Africa Exp.’, ‘4.i.52’, ‘ Holcocephala / sp. inder. / det. H. Oldroyd. 1953 / NOT caligata Speiser’, ‘ Heteropogon / holcocephaloides / Lindner det Lind.’. The ơ is labelled ‘Typus / Lindner / 1954 [sideways] [red ink]’ while the ^ is labelled ‘Paratypoid / Lindner / 1954’ (SMNS).</p><p>Other material studied: KENYA: 1^, ‘Kenya, Rt. A109 / Kibwezi [0225S 3758E] 200 Km / S.E. Nairobi / 2,7. xii.1989 / A. Freidberg / &amp; Fini Kaplan’. MALAWI: 1ơ, ‘Malawi Zomba Plateau / 13–14.xii.1980 1500 m / Londt &amp; Stuckenberg / 1535Ad Montane forest’; 2ơ 3^, ‘Malawi Mulanje Mnt. / Likabula river valley / 28–30.xi.1980 1535Dc / 1000 m Stuckenberg &amp; / Londt Riverine / Brachystegia woodland’. SOUTH AFRICA:1^, ‘Marieps Mnt.[2432S 3052E] / Jan. 1926 / G. van Son.’; 1ơ 1^, ‘Mt Emlembe near Havelock / Mine on Barberton Road / 25°55'S, 31°07'E. 2531CC / 7 Nov. 70 Stuckenberg 1425 m / Montane forest &amp; streams’; 1ơ, ‘South Africa, Natal Prov. / 20 mi. N. Jozini (2732Ac) / Nov. 28, 1971 ME &amp; BJ Irwin / dry hillside; 750 ft. el.’; 1^, ‘South Africa, Natal Prov. / 10 mi. N. Jozini (2732Ac) / Nov. 28, 1971; ME &amp; BJ Irwin / dry forest; 800 ft. el.’; 1^, ‘South Africa: Natal / Mkuze Reserve / 3215E 2740S [order reversed] 21.xii.92 / P E Reavell 120 m / Light in Acacia / veld’; 1ơ, ‘Mkuzi 50 1/26/2005 / °S- 27.62638 °E 32.25995 / Acacia grandicornuta / Short Open Woodland / Transect 1 / Earthwatch Team 11 / d1125’; 1ơ, ‘Mkuzi 51 20/1/2005 / °S- 27.66356 °E 32.26732 / Acacia nilotica and Acac / tortilis Woodland / Pan_trap 8 Yellow / Earthwatch Team 10 / d513’; 1ơ 3^, ‘South Africa, Natal Prov. / Zululand, Dukuduku Forest / 4 mi. W. of St. Lucia; 3 m. / Nov. 26, 1971; (2832Ad) / ME &amp; BJ Irwin’; 2ơ 4^, ‘South Africa: Natal / Krantzkloof Nat. Res. / 2930DD / Date: 8.xi.1984 / Coll: J.G.H. Londt’.</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: The southern African distribution is shown in Fig. 80. Localities in East Africa are too few to warrant illustration. The species flies from November to January. Although labels suggest an association with forests, the species probably lives in grassy ecotonal situations.</p><p>Similar species: A. mesotopos (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD0FFC2EB21FB5DFD68E14F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFD2FFFDEB94FEF0FCCCE2AF.text	CF1787E3FFD2FFFDEB94FEF0FCCCE2AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischiolobos mesotopos Londt 2005	<div><p>Ischiolobos mesotopos sp. n.</p><p>Figs 6, 63, 64, 68–70, 80</p><p>Etymology: Gr. mesos (middle) and topos (place, position). Refers to the species inhabiting the midlands of KwaZulu-Natal.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype (Fig. 6).</p><p>Head:Antenna: Black, fine red-gold pruinose, dark red-brown setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.3:3.9:0.1:1.1. Face black, entirely fine red-gold pruinose, mystax with long strong black setae along epistomal margin and tiny pale yellow setae centrally that extend weakly to below antennal sockets. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.6. Frons and vertex black, entirely red-gold pruinose, fine dark red-brown setose. Occiput black, silver pruinose, white setose (dorsal setae pale yellow). Proboscis dark red-brown, white setose. Palpi dark red-brown, plp 1 white setose, plp 2 brown setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum black, entirely pruinose except for postpronotal lobes, gold-red anteriorly and centrally, silver laterally and posteriorly. Setation: ac – tiny black setae; dc – tiny black setae anteriorly, longer posteriorly; npl – 2 black; sa – 1 black; pa – 1 black. Scutellum black, entirely silver pruinose, disc asetose, margin with 2 black macrosetae and tiny black setae. Pleura black, entirely silver pruinose, sparsely pale yellow setose. Wing 4.4 x 2.1 mm, dark brown, microtrichia black, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 20°. Halter pale brown with pale orange-yellow knob. Legs: cx black, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters black; fem black, macrosetae black setae black and yellow; tib orange with dark red-brown distal end (more extensive on fem 3), macrosetae black, setae black and yellow; tar dark red-brown, tar 1–2 extensively orange, most setae black bur some yellow.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga black, largely apruinose except for weak silver lateral margins, yellow setose (T1 has 3–4 black setae). Sterna black, entirely weak silver pruinose, fine yellow setose. Genitalia: Holotype not dissected, topotypic paratype ơ illustrated (Figs 68– 70): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) incised to approximately half length to form broadly basally-fused distally-rounded cupped structure projecting well beyond levels attained by either goncx or hypd; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by hypd; hypd (in lateral view) short, rapidly tapering to pointed medial process.</p><p>Variation: The Cumberland females have less extensively black femora (i.e. femora are orange proximally) and have yellow mystacal macrosetae. These specimens may represent a closely related and undescribed species, but in the absence of males they are here regarded as variants of those found at the type locality.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: 1ơ 2^ paratypes, ‘ Hilton [2930 CB] / Natal / 29.11.1965 / J.S. Taylor’; 1^ paratype, ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / Cumberland Nature Res. / 29°30.199'S: 30°30.207'E / 13.i.2004 J Londt T Dikow / 560 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.50345&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.503317" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.50345/lat -29.503317)">Open</a> rocky area &amp; / Acacia woodland near river’; 2^ paratypes, ‘ South Africa KZN / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.5051&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.513866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.5051/lat -29.513866)">Cumberland Nat. Res.</a> / 29°30.832'S 30°30.306'E / Light trap 654 m / Date: 2-3.xii.2004 / Coll: M. Mostovski’ (1^ BMNH); 1^ paratype, ‘S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / 900 m 8.i.2000 / J.G.H. Londt Grassland’; 1^ paratype, ‘S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / 900 m 11.i.2000 / J.G.H. Londt Grassland’; ơ holotype, 1^</p><p>paratype, ‘S Africa: KwaZulu-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / J.G.H. Londt Grassland / 900 m 19.i.2000 p.m.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa:KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH. Londt Grassland / Date: 22.i.2000 a.m.’; 1ơ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH. Londt Grassland / Date: 30.i.2000 p.m.’; 1ơ 1^ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH. Londt Grassland / Date: 5.ii.2000 a.m.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Sth Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.320557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.320557/lat -29.566668)">Queen Elizabeth Park</a> / 29°34'00''S 30°19'14''E / JGH. Londt Grassland / 900 m 7.i.2001 p.m.’; 1^ paratype, ‘ South Africa: KZ-Natal / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.32145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.566566" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.32145/lat -29.566566)">Queen Elizabeth Park Res</a> / 29°33.994'S: 030°19.287'E / 829 m 30.xii.2003 / JGH Londt &amp; M Mostovski / Mistbelt Grassland area’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from three fairly closely situated localities in the KwaZulu-Natal midlands (Fig. 80). The species flies from November to February. This species was included in Londt’s (2002) study of grassland asilids at Queen Elizabeth Park, Pietermaritzburg. Pending this revision it was called Afroholopogon sp. 1 and some nine specimens were encountered during that study. The species was encountered on weeks 1–5 of the study (i.e. in January and early February) and considered a summer-active species. Little is known of its biology except that it lives in tall grass.</p><p>Similar species: I. holcocephaloides and notios (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFD2FFFDEB94FEF0FCCCE2AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFEDFFFCEB18FD55FD27E2AF.text	CF1787E3FFEDFFFCEB18FD55FD27E2AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischiolobos niveoscutum (Hull 1967) Londt 2005	<div><p>Ischiolobos niveoscutum (Hull, 1967), comb. n.</p><p>Figs 71–73, 80</p><p>Holopogon niveoscutum Hull, 1967: 239; Oldroyd 1980: 362 (catalogue). Type locality: Lesotho.</p><p>Afroholopogon niveoscutum: Londt 1994: 64 .</p><p>Redescription: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine red-gold pruinose, mainly black setose (some pale setae on scape); segmental formula 1.0:1.1:4.3:0.1:1.3 (basal segment of style difficult to discern). Face dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose, mystax black, limited to lower third of face. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.0. Frons and vertex dark redbrown, laterally silver pruinose (ocellar tubercle apruinose), long dark red-brown setose (a few pale yellow setae laterally). Occiput dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose (few dark red-brown dorsally). Proboscis red-brown, white setose. Palpi brown, pale yellow-brown setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown, silver pruinose except for large apruinose areas. Setation: ac – fine long dark red-brown; dc – fine long dark red-brown; npl – 2 moderate black; sa – 1 long thin black and smaller setae; pa – fine long dark red-brown. Scutellum dark red-brown, entirely silver gold pruinose, disc asetose, margin with 4 long thin black macrosetae and a few tiny setae. Pleura brown, entirely silver pruinose, major setae black. Wing 3.7 x 1.7 mm, membrane brown, microtrichia brown, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 21°. Halter pale brown with white knob. Legs: cx dark brown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters dark brown; fem dark brown fine long dark red-brown and yellow setose; tib and tar similar to fem.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga orange-brown, shiny apruinose except for silver pruinose anterior parts of T1–4, dark red-brown setose. Sternal colour as tergal but slightly paler, apruinose except for small anteromedial silver pruinose spots, setae long fine yellow-brown. Genitalia of holotype not macerated but appearing to conform closely with the illustrated Rhodes ơ (Figs 71–73): Hypopygium rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) deeply incised to form broadly-rounded lobes that project well beyond level attained by hypd; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) slightly beyond level attained by epand; hypd (in lateral view) short, rapidly tapering to slightly distally bilobed medial process .</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Specimens from 10 km E Rhodes agree well with the holotype except that they are slightly larger (female wing-length 5.2 mm, male wings tattered and not measured), black (note that the holotype may be somewhat teneral), and with less extensive mesonotal pruinescence .</p><p>Type specimen (seen): LESOTHO: ơ holotype (seen) ‘ Mamalapi Mtn [2916S 2803E] / Basutoland / 27-xii- 1948 / C. Jacot-/ Guillarmod’ (MZLU) .</p><p>Other material studied: SOUTH AFRICA: 1ơ 1^, ‘ South Africa: Cape. / 10 km E Rhodes 3028 CC / Bottom Naudésnek Pass / J. Londt + B. Stuckenberg / 9.i.1979 River banks’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Known from two localities at high altitudes in and near Lesotho (Fig. 80). The species flies from December to January. The Rhodes material was swept from tall grass along the banks of a stream.</p><p>Similar species: I. notios (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFEDFFFCEB18FD55FD27E2AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
CF1787E3FFECFFFFE871FD58FD01E332.text	CF1787E3FFECFFFFE871FD58FD01E332.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ischiolobos notios Londt 2005	<div><p>Ischiolobos notios sp. n.</p><p>Figs 74–76, 80</p><p>Etymology: Gr. notios (southern). Refers to the southern African distribution of this species.</p><p>Description: Based on holotype.</p><p>Head: Antenna: Dark red-brown, fine gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow-white setose; segmental formula 1.0:1.3:4.4:0.3:1.3. Face dark red-brown, entirely silver pruinose, mystax yellow-white, strong long setae along epistomal margin, small in upper region. Face width:head width ratio 1.0:4.8. Frons and vertex dark red-brown, entirely redgold pruinose, fine pale yellow-white setose. Occiput dark red-brown, silver-gold pruinose, pale yellow-white setose. Proboscis and palpi dark red-brown, white setose.</p><p>Thorax: Mesonotum dark red-brown, postpronotal lobes orange-brown, silver-gold and red-gold pruinose except for apruinose postpronotal lobes and three spots on each side of mesonotum (one anterior of transverse suture, two postsuture). Setation: ac – tiny pale yellow-white; dc – tiny yellow-white; npl – 3 short pale yellow-white; sa – 1 long pale yellow-white; pa – 1 long pale yellow-white. Scutellum dark red-brown, entirely silver-gold apruinose, disc with few fine small yellow-white setae, margin with 4 thin weak yellow-white setae. Pleura with dark red-brown and red-brown areas, entirely gold-silver pruinose, sparsely pale yellow setose. Wing 4.9 x 2.2 mm, dark brown, microtrichia dark red-brown, covering entire membrane, basal angle of r 4 20°. Halter pale yellow-white. Legs: cx dark red-brown, silver pruinose, white setose; trochanters orange-brown; fem orange-brown with dark red-brown spot at distal tip, pale yellowwhite setose; tib orange-brown, red-brown distally, pale yellow-white setose; tar orangebrown (slightly darker distally), setae predominantly brown.</p><p>Abdomen: Terga orange, T6–9 red-brown, fine silver-gold pruinose, T2–5 very weak to apruinose, yellow setose. Sterna brown-orange, distal segments orangebrown, gold-silver pruinose except for almost entirely apruinose S2–3, yellow setose. Genitalia of holotype not macerated but conform well with the illustrated Addo ơ paratype (Figs 74–76): Hypopygium weakly sclerotised (stained for illustration) rotated through about 180°; epand (in dorsal view) incised to form narrowly-rounded lobes that project well beyond level attained by either goncx or hypd; goncx externally distally unilobed and projecting (in lateral view) beyond level attained by hypd; hypd (in lateral view) short, rapidly tapering to upwardly directed pointed medial process.</p><p>Variation: Sexes similar. Individual variation minimal.</p><p>Type specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: 1^ paratype, ‘ Papendorp [3142S 1813E] / S.A.M. Nov 56’ (SAMC) ; 3ơ 2^ paratypes, ‘ Merweville [3240S 2131E] / Laingsburg Distr. ’ ~ ‘ H. Zinn / 1: 59’ (SAMC) ; ơ holotype, ‘ Sth Africa: [Eastern] Cape Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.533333/lat -32.233334)">Urquhart Park Caravan</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.533333/lat -32.233334)">Park in Graaff Reinet</a> / 32°14'S: 24°32'E 800 m / J&amp;H Londt 7.xii.1989 / Acacia savanna nr dam’; 2^ paratypes, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Graaff-Reinet</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Urquhart Park Caravan</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.55/lat -32.25)">Park</a> 4–6.xii.1988 / 32°15'S: 24°33'E / JGH Londt Riverine / veget. Sandy ground’; 4ơ 6^ paratypes, ‘ Papiesfontein [3358S 2459E] / Gamtoos Mth. ’ ~ ‘S.A.M. / 1: 60’ (SAMC) ; 1ơ paratype, ‘ S. Africa Cape Prov. / Addo district 3325 Da / Sundays River Valley / JGH Londt ex Malaise / 1–8.i.1978 ’; 1^ paratype, ‘ Resolution [3310S 2637E] / Albany Distr / 30/I 1929 / A. Walton’ .</p><p>Distribution (Table 1), phenology (Table 2) and biology: Fairly widely distributed in the southern parts of South Africa from the west coast through to the Eastern Cape (Fig. 80), an area largely in the Succulent Karoo and Nama-Karoo biomes. The species flies from November to January.</p><p>Similar species: I. niveoscutum (see discussion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF1787E3FFECFFFFE871FD58FD01E332	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Londt, Jason G. H.	Londt, Jason G. H. (2005): A review of afrotropical Afroholopogon Londt, 1994 with the description of a new genus and new species (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae). African Invertebrates 46 (1937): 203-252, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7666864
