taxonID	type	description	language	source
3DE8B6EDF3D6561A840315D7FEE3D654.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. Ptyctolaemus gularis is a widely distributed agamid lizard inhabiting forested landscape of northeast India (Fig. 8). In Meghalaya, where it has been recorded from Khasi, Garo and Jaintia Hills from low lying areas (50 m) of Jaintia hills to ~ 1600 m in Shillong plateau (Fig. 11 A, B). On 30 June 2016, we surveyed for agamid lizards in the areas adjoining Malki forest in Shillong between 10: 00 – 13: 00 hrs. We found six individuals of P. gularis, all were females and five were gravid females. The smallest female individual measured was 61.1 mm (SVL) and the largest was 79.9 mm (SVL). We caught and gently pressed the belly to find out the number of eggs in these individuals. The number of eggs in these individuals varied between 2, 5 and 7. During June 2016, in Malki forest we observed a gravid female making a pit on loose soil using its snout probably for laying eggs. In the Barail hills of southern Assam, it is found as low as 30 m to 900 m elevation. Subadult individuals were often recorded along the forest edges during May. One large male was detected on the trunk of a tree growing on a forested hill slope. During September two females were recorded along riparian vegetation showing dark crypsis. In Dampa Tiger Reserve, one Individual was seen in a bamboo dominated patch during 15 September 2021. This species is widely distributed in the mountains of northeast India across south of Brahmaputra valley and to the eastern part of the valley. The westernmost distribution limit of the species we recorded was the Garo hills and are distributed in the Mehao Wildlife Sanctuary, Arunachal Pradesh in the east (Fig. 1), and in the Ngengpui Wildlife Sanctuary, Mizoram in the south.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
1D82C091228E55DE822E62DEF5A1020F.taxon	description	Figures 14, 15, 16, Tables 3, 4	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
1D82C091228E55DE822E62DEF5A1020F.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult male, SVL 81.22 mm and TAL 123.8 mm (incomplete), with a TAL / SVL ratio 1.52; head distinct from the neck, head longer than wide (HW / HL = 0.54), slightly concave on top; rostral scale crescent; snout rounded, longer than orbit (OD / EN = 0.79); scales on loreal region slightly keeled, surrounded by heterogenous scales; nasal separated from rostral by one scale; canthus rostralis sharp with 13 enlarged scales on each side; keels on canthal scales weak towards snout; nostril rounded, in contact with first supralabials; snout scales irregular in shape and size, with inverted Y-shaped pattern at the centre; head height at occipital region 12.89 mm; scales on head, snout and interorbital region heterogeneous; pupil round, horizontal orbital diameter 5.58 mm; tympanum concealed and covered with smooth scales; scales on neck overlapping and small interspersed with enlarged scales, size increases towards the trunk; three enlarged, keeled, and elevated scales behind the orbit; scales around the orbit small and irregular in shape; parietal eye is not distinct; gular distinct; scales on gular heterogeneous in size and mucronate, scales anterior to the gular pouch small, rounded, imbricate, and feebly keeled, larger in the middle; two distinct raised gular folds on either side of midline; folds curved towards midline posteriorly (Fig. 7); eight supralabials on left and nine on right; nine infralabials on both sides; nuchal crest poorly developed, consisting of 21 conical scales (Tables S 4, S 5). Mental scale triangular, broader than long, and slightly narrower than the rostral; bordered posteriorly by one infralabial on each side, two enlarged postmentals in contact with the first infralabials; postmentals followed by a three small gular scale; four chin shields present on each side, positioned parallel to the infralabials; the anterior portion of the first chin shield contacts the first infralabial, while the remaining part of the first chin shield are separated from the infralabials by one intervening scale row and the other subsequent three chin shields are separated from the infralabials by two intervening scale rows. Habitus slender, slightly compressed laterally, dorsal scales keeled, imbricate, and posteriorly pointed; mid-dorsal scale row strongly keeled, interspersed with enlarged scale, no enlarged keeled scales on flank; lateral scales heterogeneous, mostly smaller than the dorsals, slightly keeled, imbricate; 104 dorsal scales (VTSR); 106 rows of scales around the midbody; 126 ventral scales, larger than lateral scales and approximately equal to the enlarged dorsal scales, strongly keeled, imbricate, posteriorly pointed. Limbs slender, moderate sized, lower arm length slightly longer than upper arm length (UAL / LAL = 0.91); femur length equal to crus length (femur / crus = 1.01); scales on dorsal surface of forelimbs strongly keeled, uniform and imbricate; scales on ventral side of the forelimbs relatively smaller, feebly keeled; relative length of digits: IV> III> II> V> I; scales on ventral side of hindlimb smaller than dorsal side, slightly keeled and imbricate; relative length of toes: IV> III> V> II> I; 36 / 35 sub digital lamellae under fourth toe, bicarinate. Tail rounded, slightly compressed laterally, thick at the base, gradually tapering towards tip; covered with homogeneous scales; scales on the dorsal and ventral surface arranged regularly, strongly keeled, and imbricate.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
1D82C091228E55DE822E62DEF5A1020F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized lizard, SVL 45.9 – 81.2 mm in male (n = 8) and SVL 55.4 – 72.9 mm in female (n = 7), TAL 115.6 – 184.5 mm in male (n = 8) and 131.8 – 181 mm in female (n = 7). Snout scales irregular in shape and size with an inverted Y-shaped pattern. Nuchal crest poorly developed with 12 – 20 conical scales. Body slightly compressed, scales at the trunk heterogeneous in size, smaller than the dorsal, slightly keeled, oriented backwards, no enlarged keeled scales on flank region, 73 – 110 dorsal scales (VTSR), 90 – 106 rows of scales around midbody, 116 – 138 ventrals. Mental broader than long, two enlarged postmental in contact with the first infralabials, anterior region of the first chin shield contacts the first infralabial, gular with two distinct raised gular folds on either side of midline, gular scales heterogeneous in size, feebly keeled, scales in middle region larger than those on anterior and posterior region.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
1D82C091228E55DE822E62DEF5A1020F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a toponym derived from the name of the place “ Namdapha Tiger Reserve ” in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
1D82C091228E55DE822E62DEF5A1020F.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. We recorded individuals of this species in the following locations: Deban, Motijheel, Gibbon’s Land and Kamala valley in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve (Fig. 11 D), and Gandhigram. During the day, we found individuals active along the roadside vegetation and forest trails in May and June of 2022 and 2023. We observed them perching on twigs and ferns at heights of around 1 – 2 metres above the ground. This species is sympatric with P. gularis in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve. Currently, this species is only known from Gandhigram and the Namdapha Tiger Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh, India.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
BC376BD0C3D656DFB39F51F2E49D1064.taxon	description	Figures 12, 13; Tables 3, 4	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
BC376BD0C3D656DFB39F51F2E49D1064.taxon	description	Description of the holotype. An adult female, SVL 63.65 mm and TAL 153.95 mm; TAL / SVL ratio 2.42; head distinct from neck, longer than wide (HW / HL = 0.48), slightly concave on top; rostral scale crescent; snout rounded, longer than orbital diameter (OD / EN = 0.65); pupil round, scales on the loreal region slightly keeled, surrounded by scales of irregular size and shape; nasal separated from rostral by one scale; canthus rostralis sharp, strongly keeled and consists 13 enlarged scales on each side; keels weak towards the snout; nostrils rounded, slightly laterally positioned, in contact with first supralabials; snout scales irregular in shape and size, series of six enlarged, keeled scales on the snout form an inverted “ Y ” - shaped pattern, with the first three anterior scales aligned along the midline and pointed posteriorly, posterior to the third scale, two scale on either side is oriented diagonally towards the superciliary ridge; head height at occipital region 9.89 mm; scales on head, snout and interorbital region heterogenous in shape and size; tympanum hidden and covered with smooth scales; neck region with small overlapping scales interspersed with enlarged scales that increase in size towards trunk; three enlarged, keeled, and elevated scales located posterior and horizontal to orbit; scales around orbital region small and irregular in shape; parietal eye is not distinct; gular in males distinct; scales on gular heterogeneous in size and mucronate, feebly keeled, scales in middle region larger than those on anterior and posterior region; three distinct raised gular folds on either side of midline; folds curved towards midline posteriorly (Fig. 7); nine supralabials on both sides; seven infralabials on left and eight on right; nuchal crest poorly developed, consisting of 14 conical scales (Tables S 4, S 5). Mental scale triangular, broader than long, and slightly narrower than the rostral, bordered posteriorly by one infralabial on each side and two enlarged postmentals in contact with the first infralabials; postmentals followed by two small gular scale; four chin shields present on each side, positioned parallel to the infralabials; the anterior portion of the first chin shield contacts the first infralabial, while the remaining part of the first and the subsequent two chin shields separated from the infralabials by one intervening scale row; scales in the anterior gular region feebly keeled. Habitus slender, slightly compressed, dorsal scales keeled, imbricate, and posteriorly pointed; mid-dorsal scale row strongly keeled, enlarged scales appearing discontinuously; lateral scales heterogeneous, mostly smaller than the dorsal, feebly keeled, imbricate, and interspersed with enlarged, strongly keeled scales; 89 dorsal scales (VTSR); 87 scales around midbody; 132 ventral scales, larger than lateral scales and approximately equal to the enlarged dorsal scales, strongly keeled, imbricate, posteriorly pointed. Limbs are slender, moderate sized, dorsal surface covered in strongly keeled, imbricate scales; lower arm length slightly longer than the upper arm length (UAL / LAL = 0.94); femur length slightly longer than the crus length (femur / crus = 1.03); scales on dorsal surface of the forelimbs strongly keeled, uniform and imbricate; scales on ventral side of the forelimbs relatively smaller, feebly keeled; relative length of digits: IV> III> II> V> I; scales on dorsal side of the hindlimb slightly enlarged, keeled and imbricate; scales on ventral side of the hindlimb smaller than the dorsal, slightly keeled and imbricate; relative length of toes: IV> III> V> II> I; 30 / 30 subdigital lamellae under fourth toe and bicarinate. Tail length more than twice of SVL, rounded, slightly compressed laterally, broader at the base, gradually tapering towards tip, covered with regularly arranged strongly keeled, imbricate and homogeneous scales.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
BC376BD0C3D656DFB39F51F2E49D1064.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized lizard, SVL 66.90 – 77.68 mm in male (n = 2) and SVL 58.03 – 66.62 mm in female (n = 3), TAL 157.56 – 189.96 mm in male (n = 2) and 140.75 – 153.95 mm in female (n = 3). Snout scales irregular in shape and size with an inverted Y-shaped pattern. Nuchal crest poorly developed with 14 – 24 conical scales. Body slightly compressed, scales at the trunk heterogeneous in size, smaller than the dorsal, slightly keeled, oriented backwards, 89 – 114 dorsal scales (VTSR), 86 – 105 rows of scales around midbody and 132 – 148 ventrals. Mental broader than long, postmentals medially separated by a single small gular scale, anterior region of the first chin shield contacts the first infralabial, gular with three distinct raised gular folds on either side of midline excluding the base, gular scales heterogeneous in size, feebly keeled, scales in middle region larger than those on anterior and posterior region.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
BC376BD0C3D656DFB39F51F2E49D1064.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a toponym derived from the name of the river “ Siang ” in the state of Arunachal Pradesh.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
BC376BD0C3D656DFB39F51F2E49D1064.taxon	distribution	Natural history and distribution. The holotype was found roosting on a branch of a small tree around two metres above the ground, alongside a fast-flowing hill stream at Rottung. One individual was recorded along roadside vegetation in Potin (Fig. 11 C). This species is currently known from west of Siang River and north of Brahmaputra valley in Arunachal Pradesh. We recorded the species at Rottung, Mouling National Park to Tuting in Adi hills, Potin to Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary in the western Arunachal Pradesh, Nameri Tiger Reserve in Assam. In addition, the published sequence from Medog, China is nested within P. siangensis samples. Thus, this species also occurs in Medog, China. The report of P. gularis from Royal Manas National Park, Bhutan (Das et al. 2016) is most likely of P. siangensis sp. nov. but requires further verification.	en	Balan, Amirtha, Das, Abhijit, Boruah, Bitupan, Tillack, Frank, Lalronunga, Samuel, Deepak, Veerappan (2025): Description of two new species of Ptyctolaemus (Squamata: Agamidae) from northeast India. Vertebrate Zoology 75: 487-516, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e162650
