taxonID	type	description	language	source
CE4180532D55292851F4BDA9BF3E3A93.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body size 763 – 813 × 365 – 398. Surface of body foveolate. Rostrum weakly concave. Prodorsal, notogastral (except short and smooth c 1, d 1, e 1, f 1), anal and adanal setae long, setiform, ciliate. Sensilli with 13 to 15 branches. One transverse band (S 2) developed on notogaster. Two pairs of neotrichal setae morphlogically similar to lateral notogastral setae; others short, setiform, ciliate. Subcapitulum with five pairs of setae. Palptarsus with 10 setae. Sternal apodeme fused with apodemes III. Epimeral setal formula 7 – 5 – 3 – 4. Transverse genital suture poorly developed. Genital setae heterogenous, all ciliate.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D55292851F4BDA9BF3E3A93.taxon	description	Description. Measurements. Large species. Body length 813 (holotype), 763 – 813 (mean 785; three paratypes); body width 381 (holotype), 365 – 398 (mean 381; three paratypes). Integument (Figs. 1, 2, 7). Body color yellow-brownish. Surface of body foveolate. Foveolae of two types: a) large, polygonal, forming polygonal network on prodorsum, notogaster, lateral part of body and anogenital region (length up to 16); b) very small (distinctly visible only under high magnification), polygonal, located on all surfaces of body, also forming polygonal network of very small foveolae on all surfaces of body and legs. Prodorsum (Figs. 1, 3 – 6). Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 2 / 3 of dorsal length. Rostrum weakly concave in dorsal view. Rostral (ro), lamellar (le), interlamellar (in) and both pairs of exobothridial (exa, exp) setae similar: long (123 – 131), setiform, thickened, with short cilia. Sensilli (98 – 106) pectinate, with 13 to 15 branches on one side. Postbothridial transverse band (S b) present, but poorly visible. Notogaster (Figs. 1, 2, 8 – 11). Anterior border of the notogaster straight. Only one transverse band (S 2) developed, complete. Sixteen pairs of primary notogastral setae and 14 – 16 pairs of additional neotrichal setae (n) present. Notogastral setae c 1, d 1, e 1, f 1 short (24 – 32), setiform, smooth; others long (131 – 153), setiform, thickened, with short cilia. Neotrichal setae of two types: two pairs morphlogically similar to notogastral setae; others short (36 – 49), setiform, ciliate. Lyrifissures ia and im distinct. Gnathosoma (Figs. 18, 19). Subcapitulum with one pair of lateral tubercles. Subcapitulum longer than wide (196 – 209 × 143 – 151). Subcapitular setae h, m 1, m 2 and m 3 short (32 – 36), setiform, with cilia; setae a longer (49 – 57), setiform, smooth. Three pairs of adoral setae present: or 1 36 – 41, wide, lobe-formed, smooth; or 2 41 – 45, setiform, thickened, with tooth in distal part, blunt-ended; or 3 32 – 36, lobe-formed, smooth. Palps (82) with setation 0 – 1 – 0 – 1 – 10 (+ 1 ω). Distal three setae fused basally. Solenidion longer than palptarsus, thick, not fused with acm. Chelicerae 213 – 225; cheliceral seta chb 65, setiform, smooth; seta cha 8, thorn-like. Epimeral region (Figs. 2, 12, 13). Apodemes III medially fused. Sternal apodeme fused with apodemes III. Epimeral setal formula: 7 – 5 – 3 – 4. Medial setae 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 4 a short (20), setiform, smooth; anteriomost pair longer (45 – 53), with cilia unilaterally; three pairs of lateral setae on epimeres II (53 – 61) straight, setiform, ciliate; other setae (28 – 41) setiform, with cilia unilaterally. Anogenital region (Figs. 2, 14 – 17). Transverse genital suture present, but poorly developed (visible under high magnification in dissected specimens). Genital setae heterogenous: four lateral pairs longer (45 – 57), with one to three long cilia; six medial pairs shorter (16 – 20), ciliate. Two pairs of anal (an 1, an 2 53 – 57) and four pairs of adanal (ad 1 – ad 3 90 – 106; ad 4 69 – 77) setae setiform, thickened, with cilia. One pair of ventrolateral bands present. Lyrifissures ih and ip distinct, iad and ips not visible. Legs (Figs. 21, 22). Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for Papillacarus (Ermilov & Anichkin 2011 f, Ermilov et al. 2011). All legs with one claw, with small tooth on ventral side. Femora with large ventral ridge. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0 – 6 (5) – 3 – 4 – 18) [2 – 1 – 2], leg II (0 – 6 – 3 – 4 – 13) [1 – 1 – 2], leg III (2 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 12) [1 – 1 – 0], leg IV (2 – 3 – 2 – 3 – 11) [1 – 0 – 0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Majority of setae ciliate. Setae it on tarsi II, III short, thin, smooth. Famulus conical, small, thickened. Solenidia ω 1 on tarsi I, ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi II, φ on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia longer, setiform, with thinner tips. FIGURES 7 – 17. Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov., adult: 7 — foveolae of notogaster; 8 — notogastral seta d 1; 9 — notogastral seta d 3; 10, 11 — neotrichal setae; 12 — epimeral seta 2 a; 13 — epimeral seta 2 b; 14 — genital plate, left; 15, 16 — genital setae; 17 — anal and adanal plates, left. Scale bar (7, 9) 20 μm; scale bar (8, 10 – 13, 15, 16) 10 μm; scale bar (14, 17) 50 μm. I - d, (l 1), l 2 '' *, bv' ', v' ' (l'), σ', d σ' ' (l 1), l 2 '', v', φ (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), m, n, e, ω 1, ω 2 II - d, (l), bv' ', v' ' (l), d σ (l 1), l 2 '', v', φ (ft), (tc), (it), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω 1, ω 2 III l', v' d, l 1 ', l 2 ', ev' l', d σ d, l', v', φ (ft), (tc), (it), (u), a’, s, (pv) IV l', v' d, l', ev' l', d σ d, l', v' (ft), (tc), p’, (u), a’, s, (pv) Roman letters refer to normal setae (e to famulus), Greek letters to solenidia, d σ — seta and solenidion coupled. Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae. * — Seta absent in two specimens of Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D55292851F4BDA9BF3E3A93.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Collection data for holotype and three paratypes: VC- 3. Type deposition. The holotype (in alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype (in alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, Russia; two paratypes (dissected) are in the personal collection of the first author.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D55292851F4BDA9BF3E3A93.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ indistinctus ” refers to the poorly developed (indistinct) transverse suture on the genital plates.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D55292851F4BDA9BF3E3A93.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In having the combination of foveolate body surface, absence of body papillae, setiform prodorsal, notogastral and neotrichal setae, few neotrichal setae, and poorly visible transverse suture on genital plates, Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. is very similar to Papillacarus polygonatus Ermilov & Anichkin, 2011 (see Ermilov & Anichkin 2011 f) from Vietnam. However, it clearly differs from the latter by two types of neotrichal setae (versus three types in P. polygonatus), long notogastral setae c 2, which are slightly shorter than c 3 (versus considerably shorter than c 3 in P. polygonatus), notogastral setae e 1 and f 1 similar in length to c 1 and d 1 (versus shorter in P. polygonatus), presence of four pairs of long genital setae, all with cilia (versus three pairs present, all smooth in P. polygonatus), epimeral setal formula 7 – 5 – 3 – 4 (versus 8 – 5 – 3 – 4 in P. polygonatus), presence of three pairs of subcapitular setae m (versus two pairs in P. polygonatus), palptarsus with 10 setae (versus nine setae in P. polygonatus).	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D59292B51F4BEF8BB4C39ED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body size 664 – 680 × 298 – 315. Surface of body foveolate. Rostrum rounded. Prodorsal, notogastral, anal and adanal setae setiform, ciliate; c 1, c 2, d 1, d 2, e 2, e 1, f 1, f 2 shorter than others. Sensilli with 10 to 12 branches. Four transverse bands developed on notogaster. One pair of neotrichal setae morphologically similar to notogastral setae; others (more than 80 pairs) short, setiform, ciliate. Subcapitulum with five pairs of setae. Epimeral setal formula 13 – 11 – 5 – 3. Genital setae heterogenous, all ciliate.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D59292B51F4BEF8BB4C39ED.taxon	description	Description. Measurements. Large species. Body length 680 (holotype), 664 (paratype); body width 315 (holotype), 298 (paratype). Integument (Figs. 23, 24, 29). Body color yellow to light brownish. Surface of body foveolate. Foveolae of two types: a) large, polygonal, forming polygonal network on prodorsum, notogaster, lateral part of body and anogenital region (length up to 16); b) very small (distinctly visible only under high magnification), polygonal, located on all surfaces of body, also forming polygonal network from very small foveolae on all surfaces of body and legs. Prodorsum (Figs. 23, 25 – 28). Roughly triangular in dorsal view, occupying about 1 / 2 of dorsal length. Rostrum rounded in dorsal view, weakly truncate in dorso-anterior view. Rostral, lamellar, interlamellar and both pairs of exobothridial setae similar: long (131 – 135), setiform, thickened, with short cilia. Sensilli (98 – 102) pectinate, with 10 to 12 branches on one side. Postbothridial transverse band visible. Notogaster (Figs. 23, 24, 30 – 33). Anterior border of the notogaster weakly convex. Four transverse bands developed: S 2 complete; S 3, S 4 and S 5 medially interrupted. Sixteen pairs of primary notogastral setae and more than 80 pairs of additional neotrichal setae present. Notogastral setae setiform, with short cilia, differ in length: c 1, c 2 90; d 1, d 2, e 2 69 – 77; e 1 61 – 65; f 1 49 – 53; f 2 45 – 49; others longer (131 – 135), setiform, thickened. Neotrichal setae of two types: one pair (82) morphlogically similar to notogastral setae; others short (36 – 41), setiform, ciliate, located on posterior half of notogaster. Lyrifissures ia and im distinct. Gnathosoma. Similar to Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. Subcapitulum with one pair of lateral tubercles. Subcapitulum longer than wide (168 × 123). Subcapitular setae h, m 1, m 2 and m 3 short (28), setiform, with cilia; setae a longer (49), setiform, smooth. Three pairs of adoral setae present: or 1 32, wide, lobe-formed, smooth; or 2 36, setiform, thickened, with tooth in distal part, blunt-ended; or 3 28, lobe-formed, smooth. Palps (73) with setation 0 – 1 – 0 – 1 – 9 (+ 1 ω). Distal three setae fused basally. Solenidion longer than palptarsus, thick, not fused with acm. Chelicerae 151; cheliceral seta chb 45, setiform, smooth; seta cha 6, thorn-like. Epimeral region (Fig. 24). Apodemes III medially interrupted. Sternal apodeme not fused with apodemes. Epimeral setal formula: 13 – 11 – 5 – 3. Medial setae 1 a, 2 a, 3 a, 4 a short (12), setiform, smooth; anteriomost pair longer (32), with cilia unilaterally; three pairs of lateral setae on epimeres II (28) straight, setiform, ciliate; other setae (20 – 28) setiform, with cilia unilaterally. Anogenital region (Figs. 24, 34 – 35). Transverse genital suture distinct. Genital setae ciliate, heterogenous: four lateral pairs longer (24 – 30) than medial pairs (16 – 20). Two pairs of anal (45 – 49) and four pairs of adanal (ad 1 – ad 3 65 – 69; ad 4 49 – 53) setae setiform, thickened, with cilia. A pair of ventrolateral bands indistinct. Lyrifissures iad, ih and ip distinct, ips not visible. FIGURES 29 – 35. Papillacarus polysetosus sp. nov., adult: 29 — foveolae of notogaster; 30 — notogastral seta d 1; 31 — notogastral seta d 3; 32, 33 — neotrichal setae; 34 — genital plate, left; 35 — anal and adanal plates, left. Scale bar (29 – 33) 20 μm; scale bar (34, 35) 50 μm. Legs. Morphology of leg segments, setae and solenidia typical for Papillacarus (Ermilov & Anichkin 2011 f, Ermilov et al. 2011) and similar to Papillacarus indistinctus sp. nov. All legs with one claw, with small tooth on ventral side. Femora with large ventral ridge. Formulae of leg setation and solenidia: leg I (0 – 6 – 3 – 4 – 18) [2 – 1 – 2], leg II (0 – 6 – 3 – 4 – 13) [1 – 1 – 2], leg III (2 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 12) [1 – 1 – 0], leg IV (2 – 3 – 2 – 3 – 11) [1 – 0 – 0]; homology of setae and solenidia indicated in Table 1. Majority of setae ciliate. Setae it on tarsi II, III short, thin, smooth. Famulus conical, small, thickened. Solenidia ω 1 on tarsi I, ω 1 and ω 2 on tarsi II, φ on tibiae III thickened, blunt-ended; other solenidia longer, setiform, with thinner tips.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D59292B51F4BEF8BB4C39ED.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Collection data for holotype and three paratypes: VC- 2. Type deposition. The holotype (in alcohol) is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; one paratype (dissected) is in the personal collection of the first author.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D59292B51F4BEF8BB4C39ED.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name “ polysetosus ” refers to the numerous neotrichal setae.	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
CE4180532D59292B51F4BEF8BB4C39ED.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In having the combination of setiform prodorsal, notogastral and neotrichal setae and also in having numerous neotrichial setae, Papillacarus polysetosus sp. nov. is very similar to Papillacarus jinggangshanensis Chen, Yang & Liang, 2010 and Papillacarus konglinensis Chen & Yang, 2011 (both from China). However, it clearly differs from both by the larger body size (664 – 680 × 298 – 315 versus 432 – 441 × 232 – 238 in P. jinggangshanensis, 426 – 432 × 219 – 228 in P. konglinensis), the presence of polygonal ornamentation on prodorsum and notogaster (versus polygonal ornamentation absent in P. jinggangshanensis and P. konglinensis), longer lateral notogastral setae (versus shorter in P. jinggangshanensis and P. konglinensis), the presence of three pairs of subcapitular setae m (versus four pairs in P. jinggangshanensis and P. konglinensis), epimeral setal formula 13 – 11 – 5 – 3 (versus 8 – 7 – 3 – 4 in P. jinggangshanensis, 7 – 5 – 3 – 4 in P. konglinensis). In having the combination of foveolate body surface, setiform prodorsal, notogastral and neotrichal setae, Papillacarus polysetosus sp. nov. is also similar to Papillacarus chamartinensis Pérez-Íñigo, 1967 from Spain. However it clearly differs from the latter by the larger body size (664 – 680 × 298 – 315 versus 500 × 220 in P. chamartinensis), long notogastral setae c 1 and d 1, which are a little shorter than c 3 and d 3 (versus considerably shorter in P. chamartinensis), longer lateral notogastral setae (versus shorter in P. chamartinensis), considerably more neothrichal setae (less number in P. chamartinensis), absence of body papillae (present in pygidial part of notogaster in P. chamartinensis), epimeral setal formula 13 – 11 – 5 – 3 (versus 7 – 4 – 3 – 4 in P. chamartinensis).	en	Ermilov, Sergey G., Anichkin, Alexander E., Wu, Donghui (2012): Two new species of the genus Papillacarus (Acari: Oribatida: Lohmanniidae) from caves of Southern Vietnam. Zootaxa 3593: 75-88, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209735
