identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CE0987BF145C2631FF62FE967286EFB4.text	CE0987BF145C2631FF62FE967286EFB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectospinula Opitz 2016	<div><p>KEY TO ECTOSPINULA AND PROSYMNUS AND</p><p>THEIR SPECIES</p><p>1. Antennomeres 6–8 progressively increasing in diameter (Figs. 3, 19). Zambia .................... ..... Ectospinula graduata Opitz, new species</p><p>1′. Antennomeres 6–8 not progressively increasing in diameter (Fig. 4) (genus Prosymnus)...2</p><p>2. Terminal labial palpomere digitiform (Figs. 5, 22). Kenya ........................................................ ....... Prosymnus astrictus Opitz, new species</p><p>2′. Terminal labial palpomere subsecuriform (Fig. 6) .................................................... 3</p><p>3. Interstitial spaces of elytral disc arenose (Fig. 27). Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo .... Prosymnus testaceiventris Pic</p><p>3′. Interstitial spaces of elytral disc smooth and shiny.............................................................4</p><p>4. Elytral punctation not subseriate, punctation coarse and large, rendering elytral disc subrugose, punctation may be oval and sometimes disbursed amidst large interstitial swellings..............................................5</p><p>4′. Elytral punctation subseriate, punctation not coarse and large, uniformly oval, without interstitial swellings.....................................6</p><p>5. Aedeagus longer than abdomen (Figs. 26, 34). Various countries in central and southern Africa.................. Prosymnus rudis Boheman</p><p>5′. Aedeagus shorter than abdomen (Fig. 23). Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa ....... ..... Prosymnus brevipenis Opitz, new species</p><p>6. Posterior angle of pronotum without marginal spine; pronotal and elytral discs with metallic shine...............................................7</p><p>6′. Posterior angle of pronotum with marginal spine (Fig. 14); pronotal and elytral discs without metallic shine..................................8</p><p>7. Reddish brown, dorsum with a slight metallic sheen; elytral punctation wider than interstitial spaces (Fig. 21). Mozambique .................. ............ Prosymnus arsus Opitz, new species</p><p>7′. Dark brown, dorsum with an intense metallic sheen; elytral punctations narrower than interstitial spaces (Fig. 25). South Africa ............... ......... Prosymnus mulleri Opitz, new species</p><p>8. Body color testaceous (Fig. 24). South Africa, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe ........................... ........................... Prosymnus livens Boheman</p><p>8′. Body color dark red-brown (Fig. 20). Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia ....................... ......... Prosymnus adustus Opitz, new species</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF145C2631FF62FE967286EFB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF145F263EFCAAFDBA7231EB2F.text	CE0987BF145F263EFCAAFDBA7231EB2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ectospinula Opitz 2016	<div><p>Ectospinula Opitz, new genus</p><p>Type Species. Ectospinula graduata Opitz, new species .</p><p>Diagnosis. The gradual increase in the width of the distal antennomeres of the funicle (Fig. 3) will distinguish the members of this genus from others in Korynetinae .</p><p>Description. Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 3.5 mm. Form: Oblong, hind body suboval, robust, deep body, about 2.5 times longer than broad. Vestiture: Disc of cranium and pronotum vested with long, dark setae, elytral disc vested with</p><p>22) P. astrictus .</p><p>epipleural fold wide, ventrally positioned and expanded in proximal half, ends just before elytral apex, outer margin of elytral apex crenulated, anterior margin carinate; metathoracic wing as in Fig. 1, wedge cell closed; tibial spur formula 2-2-2, tarsal pulvillar formula 3-3-3, unguis with well-developed denticle. Abdomen: With 6 visible sternites, sternites 3 and 4 without setal patches.</p><p>Distribution. This monotypic genus is known only from Zambia.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name Ectospinula is a compound name derived from the Greek ekto (= without) and the Latin spinula (= dim). I refer to the slightly developed spine near the posterior angles of the pronotum. Gender: feminine.</p><p>1° setae and shorter, profusely distributed 2° setae. Head: Cranium quadrate, frons very wide, indented with large, setiferous punctation, latter nearly contiguous; gula small, rectangular, sutures vertical, gular process short, narrow, and forked; labrum short, medial incision deep, curvate concave; mandibular body short, stout; maxillary terminal palpomere subsecuriform; labial terminal palpomere digitiform (Fig. 5); eyes moderately sized, coarsely faceted, ocular notch large; antenna capitate (Fig. 3), capitulum lax, scape large, longer than combined length of pedicel and antennomeres 1–3, basal 3 funicular antennomeres oblong, distal 3 funicular antennomeres progressively increasing in diameter, capitular antennomeres not compacted, antennomeres 9 and 10 transverse, antennomere 11 subovoid. Thorax: Pronotum subovoid, convex, lateral margins minutely crenulated, with a small spine near pronotal hind angle, coarsely sculptured with round, setiferous punctation, prebasal fissure deep, prointercoxal process very expanded distally; pronotal projections long, but do not contact prointercoxal process; elytron sculptured with large, spheroid, asetiferous punctation, latter subseriate, 1° setae always adjacent to asetiferous punctation, 2° setae present and somewhat arranged serially,</p><p>Ectospinula graduata Opitz, new species (Figs. 1, 3, 5, 19, 36, 37)</p><p>Holotype. ♀. Mongu, Barotseld., 1952, J. M. Niemeyer (Zambia, Mongu, Barotseland) (TMSA).</p><p>Diagnosis. The shape of the funicular antennomeres (Fig. 3) will distinguish the members of this species from any other in Korynetinae .</p><p>Description. Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 3.5 mm. Form: As in Fig. 19. Color: Cranium and pronotum black with a shiny blue luster, antennae and legs black, elytra black with a cupreous luster, abdomen testaceous. Head: Antennal capitulum lax (Fig. 3), antennomeres 9 and 10 transverse and cupuliform, 11 subovoid; last labial palpomere digitiform (Fig. 5); eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 18/62). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 145/120), lateral margins serrulated; elytral punctation large to subseriate, interstitial spaces smooth and shiny; elytral apex subacuminate. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; female pygidium scutiform.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Zambia (Fig. 37).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet graduata is a Latin adjective that stems from gradus (= step). The name describes the gradual increase in width of the distal funicular antennomeres.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF145F263EFCAAFDBA7231EB2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF1453263CFF6AFE277596EA9C.text	CE0987BF1453263CFF6AFE277596EA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus adustus Opitz 2016	<div><p>Prosymnus adustus Opitz, new species (Figs. 20, 28, 36, 37)</p><p>Holotype. ♂. Kenya, Eastern, E 729, 202 km E of Thika, 20.11.07, Snížek (ISNB).</p><p>Paratypes. 105 specimens. KENYA: Garissa env., 30 xi 1999, M. Snížek (ISBN, 17; WOPC 16); Kenya Eastern E 729, Sosoma, 202 km E of Thika, 20.11.07, Snížek (ISNB, 14; WOPC, 13); idem, E of Thika, SW Kangonde, 28.12.2007, Lgt. Snížek (ISNB, 6; WOPC, 5); Coast Garissa, N of Bura, 5.12.2007, Lgt. Snížek (ISNB, 2; WOPC, 1); S. E. Tana riv. Prov. 14 km N of Garsen, 9.IV.2004, Snížek leg. (ISNB, 1; RGCG, 1); SE Voi, S Foot Sagala, 12.12.2007, Mts., Lgt. Snížek (ISNB, 1); SE Taveta env., 16.IV.2004, M. Snížek lgt (WOPC, 2; RGCG, 3); Machakos, 11.23, Dr. van Someron (BMNH. 1); Taita. Distr., surroundings of Voi, at light, 30.V.-2.VI.1994, legit. L. Bartolozzi, B. Cecchi, A. Sfozi (WOPC, 2) . BURUNDI: 10 km W Bujumbura, 9.2.92, fc. Arndt (RGCG, 1) . SOMALIA: El Wach Samarole ¾. XI.1986, legit S. B.S. (MRAC, 4; WOPC, 1); El Buur Sar, 2. XI. 1986, S. B. S (MRAC, 2; WOPC, 2) . ETHIOPIA: Harar Prov.: Errer, 12 m, 21/ 22.VIII.1971 R. O. S. Clark (MRAC, 3; WOPC, 2); Shoa Prov., Awash Park, VII/VIII.71, G. de Rougemont (MRAC, 2); Bubassa, VI-1911 (WOPC, 1); Abyssinie, Raffray, 1882 (MNHN, 1) . BURKINA FASO: J. Vulilet, V. 1909 (MNHN, 1) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The members of this species are superficially similar to those of P. livens, but P. adustus specimens differ by their dark brown coloration.</p><p>32) P. livens; 33) P. mulleri; 34) P. rudis; 35) P. testaceiventris .</p><p>Description. Size: Length 6.0 mm; width 2.5 mm. Form: As in Fig. 20. Color: Cranium, prothorax, elytra, pterothorax dark brown, legs, antennae, abdomen testaceous. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomere 9 cupuliform, antennomere 10 triangular; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 27/55). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 130/95), spine on pronotal posterior angle well-developed; elytral disc sculptured with 12 striae of large punctation that extends to elytral apex, elytral interstitial spaces smooth and shiny. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 28.</p><p>Natural History. Specimens were collected throughout the year, some at light and some at 12 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known from Burkina Faso, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia (Fig. 37).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet adustus (= brown) is a Latin adjective. The name describes the coloration of these beetles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF1453263CFF6AFE277596EA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF1452263BFCA0FAB375C7EF23.text	CE0987BF1452263BFCA0FAB375C7EF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus arsus Opitz 2016	<div><p>Prosymnus arsus Opitz, new species (Figs. 21, 29, 36, 37)</p><p>Holotype. ♂. Mozambique, Sofala P, 30 km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.12&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.02" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.12/lat -18.02)">Caia</a>, 76 m, 18.02 S- 35.12E. A second label reads: 21.12.2005, E-Y:3709, light trap, leg. Gussmann, Müller (TMSA).</p><p>Diagnosis. The members of this species resemble those of P. mulleri Opitz, new species . But in specimens of P. arsus specimens, the elytral punctures are larger and the dorsum shows less of a metallic sheen.</p><p>Description. Size: Length 6.5 mm; width 2.8 mm. Form: As in Fig. 21. Color: Cranium, pronotum, and elytra red-brown, antennae, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra with a slight metallic sheen. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomere 9 cupuliform, antennomere 10 triangular; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 25/47). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 130/115), no spine on pronotal posterior angle; elytral disc sculptured with 12 striae of punctation that extends to elytral apex, elytral interstitial spaces smooth and shiny. Abdomen: Setal patches on 4 th sternite; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 29.</p><p>Natural History. The holotype was collected in December, at 76 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Mozambique (Fig. 37).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet arsus (= shine) is a Latin adjective. The name describes the shine that emits from the elytral disc.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF1452263BFCA0FAB375C7EF23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF1455263AFD7CFE1C7490ED0D.text	CE0987BF1455263AFD7CFE1C7490ED0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus astrictus Opitz 2016	<div><p>Prosymnus astrictus Opitz, new species (Figs. 22, 30, 36, 38)</p><p>Holotype. ♂. Kenya, Kibwezi, Tsavo Park,</p><p>1-XI-1981, 1300 M, leg: Rautenstrauch (FSCA).</p><p>Diagnosis. The slender shape of the last labial palpomere (Fig. 5) will distinguish the members of this species from congeners.</p><p>Description. Size: Length 7.5 mm; width 4.0 mm. Form: As in Fig. 22. Color: Cranium and pronotum dark castaneous, antennae, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra admixture of castaneous and black coloration, most elytral punctation black. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomere 9 cupuliform, antennomere 10 triangular, antennomere 11 ovoid; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 40/62). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 170/135); elytral disc sculptured with swellings and large, randomly distributed punctation (as in Fig. 15), elytral interstitial spaces variable in size, smooth and shiny; 1° setae very long, 2° setae often aggregated into small tufts. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 30.</p><p>Natural History. The holotype was collected in November, at 1300 m elevation.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from Kenya (Fig. 38).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet astrictus (= narrow) is a Latin adjective. The name describes the slender form of the terminal labial palpomere.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF1455263AFD7CFE1C7490ED0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF1454263AFF72FC0172B4EBDA.text	CE0987BF1454263AFF72FC0172B4EBDA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus brevipenis Opitz 2016	<div><p>Prosymnus brevipenis Opitz, new species (Figs. 23, 31, 36, 38)</p><p>Holotype. ♂. S. Afr,: Mpumalanga, Grobiersdal, 100 m, 2518S-2921E. A second label reads: 10.3.2005; E-Y3657, health trap, leg. J. Harrison (TMSA).</p><p>Paratypes. 20 specimens. SOUTH AFRICA: Mpumalanga, Grobiersdal, Blaauwbank, 25°15′S- 29°35′E, 19- 20.1.2004; E-Y: 3602, UV light, leg. TMSA staff (TMSA, 1); Transvaal, Pienaars Riv., 8 km S, 25°17′S- 28°17′E, 28.12.1994. E Y: 3084, beating, C. L. Bellamy (WOPC, 1); Kruger Nat. Pk, Skukuza, 3 km NW, 24°58′S- 31°34′E, 6.3.1996; E Y: 3213, pyrethrum fogging, leg. Endrödy-Younga (TMSA, 2; WOPC, 1); idem, 12km S 25° 04′S- 31°37′E, 6.3.1996; E Y: 3216, general beating, leg. Endrödy-Younga (TMSA, 1); Skukuza, 13 km SE, 25°04′S- 31°37′E, 7.3.1996; E Y: 3218, pyrethrum fogging, on Acacia nigrescens leg. Endrödy-Younga (WOPC, 1); Skukuza, fishingtr, 24°59′S- 31°38′E, 9.3.1996; E Y: 3223, pyrethrum fogging, on Diospyros misipiliformus, leg. Endrödy-Younga (WOPC, 1); Skukuza, Numbi Gate, 25°06′S- 31°30′E, 11.3.1996; E Y: 3231, pyrethrum fogging, on Acacia nigrescens leg. Endrödy-Younga (WOPC, 1); Skukuza, 5 km NE, 24°59′S- 31°36′E, 9.12.1997; E Y: 3301, misc. beating, leg. C. L. Bellamy (TMSA, 1). NAMIBIA: Khomas Region, road C 28, 75 km W Windhoek, 22°45′S 14°23′E, 1780 m, 9.11.2012, leg. M. Hornburg (RGCG, 1); Khomas Region, road C 28, near Bosua Pass, 22°39′S 16°00′E, 1300 m, 10.11.2012, M. Hornburg (RGCG, 2; WOPC, 1); E Otavi, 14. I.1996, leg. K + F. Adlbauer (RGCG, 1). KENYA: Voi, Sagala Reg., 12.1991, leg. K. Werner (RGCG, 1); Meru Distr., Materi (Mitunguu), 800 m, 5- 13.10.1988, leg. Mourglia (RGCG, 1); Tsavo NP, Kibwezi, 1300 m, 12.1989, leg. Werner (WOPC, 1). ETHIOPIA: Agere Maryam to Shakisso, 13.5.2002, leg. Werner &amp; Sudre (RGCG, 1). TANZANIA: Ardai, 22-VI-1961 (BMNH, 1).</p><p>Diagnosis. The males can be distinguished from superficially similar specimens of P. rudis by characteristics of the male genitalia. In P. brevipenis, the aedeagus is shorter than the abdomen, whereas in P. rudis it is longer than the abdomen. The females of this species can only be credibly identified when they are associated with males from the same locality.</p><p>Description. Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 3.5 mm. Form: As in Fig. 23. Color: Cranium and pronotum dark castaneous, antennae, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra admixture of castaneous and black coloration. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomeres 9 and 10 triangular, antennomere 11 ovoid; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 30/80). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 170/140); elytral disc sculptured with swellings and large, randomly distributed punctation, elytral interstitial spaces variable in size, smooth and shiny; 1° setae very long, 2° setae often aggregated into small tufts. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 31.</p><p>Natural History. Specimens were collected throughout the year at 800–1,780 m elevation. Collecting techniques involve UV light, beating, and pyrethrum fogging on A. nigrescens and D. mespiliformi .</p><p>Distribution. This species is known from Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, South Africa, and Tanzania (Fig. 38).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet brevipenis is a compound Latin name that stems from brevis (= short) and penis (= male copulatory organ). The name describes the short aedeagus of these beetles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF1454263AFF72FC0172B4EBDA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF1450263DFC94FAE37716EFF3.text	CE0987BF1450263DFC94FAE37716EFF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus Laporte 1836	<div><p>Prosymnus Laporte, 1836</p><p>Prosymnus Laporte 1836: 51 . Klug 1842: 394; Desmarest 1852: 271; Lacordaire 1857: 486; Lohde 1900: 112; Schenkling 1903: 114, 1910: 136; Winkler 1961: 67.</p><p>Ryparus Spinola 1844: 73 . Type species: Ryparus tomentosus Spinola.</p><p>Type Species. Prosymnus cribripennis Laporte, 1836: 52 . By monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. Beetles of this genus resemble those of the scarab genus Trox . They are deep-bodied beetles whose pronotum and elytral disc are sculptured with large, deep punctation.</p><p>These characteristics will distinguish Prosymnus beetles from others in Korynetinae .</p><p>Description. This genus was recently described and illustrated by Opitz (2011).</p><p>Distribution. Throughout central and southern Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF1450263DFC94FAE37716EFF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
CE0987BF14572627FD42FE877740EC52.text	CE0987BF14572627FD42FE877740EC52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prosymnus mulleri Opitz 2016	<div><p>Prosymnus mulleri Opitz, new species (Figs. 8, 25, 33, 36, 39)</p><p>Holotype. ♂. S. Afr /: N. Province, Amatola, Scott farm, 22. 56S 29.23E. Another label reads: 26.11.1998, E. Y. 3316, at light, leg. R. Müller (TMSA).</p><p>Paratypes. 2 specimens. South Africa: N. Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=29.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 29.383333/lat -22.933332)">Amatola</a>, Scott farm, 22°56′S- 29°23′E, 26.1.1998, at light, leg. R. Müller (WOPC); E. Transvaal, Penge, 13- 17.11.1972, A. Strydom (TMSA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The members of this species resemble those of C. arsus . However, in P. mulleri the elytral punctation is smaller, and the dorsum shows a more prominent metallic sheen.</p><p>Description. Size: Length 7.0 mm; width 2.8 mm. Form: As in Fig. 25. Color: Cranium, pronotum, and elytra violaceous, antennae, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra with a prominent metallic sheen. Head: Antennal capitulum lax, antennomere 9 cupuliform, antennomere 10 triangular, antennomere 11 oval; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW 30/45). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/PL 135/111), spine on pronotal posterior angle absent; elytral disc sculptured with 12 striae of large punctation that extends to elytral apex, elytral interstitial spaces smooth and shiny. Abdomen: Setal patches on 4 th sternite (Fig. 8); male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig. 33.</p><p>Variation. Size: Length 6.0–7.0 mm; width 2.3–2.8 mm. Except for size, the beetles before me are quite homogeneous.</p><p>Natural History. The available specimens were collected in November or January, two at light.</p><p>Distribution. This species is known only from South Africa (Fig. 39).</p><p>Etymology. From the surname Müller, in honor of the collector of the holotype, Ruth Müller.</p><p>Prosymnus rudis (Boheman, 1851) (Figs. 4, 6, 7, 9–18, 26, 34, 36, 40)</p><p>Opetiopalpus rudis Boheman 1851: 517 . Lectotype. ♀. Here designated. Caffraria, Limpolo (South Africa) (NHRS). Corporaal 1950: 300. Boheman did not indicate in his description whether his nominal species is based on one or more specimens. Therefore, I invoke Recommendation 73F of the ICZN (1999) and designate a lectotype for this species.</p><p>Prosymnus cribripennis Laporte 1836: 52 . Lectotype. Sex unknown. Here designated. Sénégal (repository unknown). Lohde 1900: 112; Corporaal 1950: 300; Opitz 2011: 61. New Synonymy. Although I have not seen the type, its description suggests that the characteristics upon which this nominal species is based fall within the range of variation of P. rudis .</p><p>Prosymnus villosus Gorham 1901: 354 . Lectotype. Sex unknown. Salisbury, Mashonaland (Zimbabwe) (BMNH). Corporaal 1950: 300. New Synonymy. The characteristics upon which this nominal species is based fall into the range of variation of P. rudis . Gorham based his description on two syntypes; one is a P. rudis, the other a P. livens . The description clearly points to the P. rudis specimen as the legitimate name-bearer of this junior synonym.</p><p>Ryparus tomentosus Spinola 1844: 76 . Lectotype. ♂. Designated by Ekis (1975: 58). Le Sénégal (Senegal) (MRSN). Corporaal 1950: 300.</p><p>Diagnosis. The males can be distinguished from superficially similar specimens of P. brevipenis by characteristics of the male genitalia. In P. rudis, the aedeagus is longer than the abdomen, whereas in P. brevipenis it is shorter than the abdomen. The females of this species can only be credibly identified when they are associated with males from the same locality.</p><p>Redescription. Size: Length 8.0 mm; width 3.5 mm. Form: As in Fig. 26. Color: Cranium and pronotum dark castaneous, antenna, pterothorax, abdomen, and legs testaceous, elytra admixture of castaneous and black coloration. Head: Antennal capitulum lax (Fig. 4), antennomeres 9 and 10 triangular, antennomere 11 ovoid; eyes (Fig. 9) much narrower than frons (EW/FW 27/80); ventrally as in Figs. 10–11. Thorax: Pronotum transverse (Figs. 12–14) (PW/PL 170/135); elytral disc sculptured with swellings and large, randomly distributed punctation (Fig. 15–18), elytral interstitial spaces variable in size, smooth and shiny; 1° setae very long, 2° setae often aggregated into small tufts. Abdomen: Setal patches on 3 rd and 4 th sternites; male pygidium scutiform; aedeagus as in Fig 34.</p><p>Natural History. Specimens have been collected throughout the year, at altitudes ranging from 18 to 1,500 m. Among the collecting techniques used were beating sheet, light trap, Lindgren funnel, and mercury vapor light. Some specimens were collected on the flowers of the angiosperm Protea . R. Murphy collected one specimen at 550 m, in woods laden with trees of the angiosperm Brachystegia .</p><p>Distribution. In addition to the type, I examined 125 specimens: SOUTH AFRICA: Victoria Falls, 6-13.XI.1938, D. L. Uyttenboogaart; Waterberg, Geelhoutbush farm, 24°22′S 27′33″E, 19.12.1995, misc. beating camp, leg. C. L. Bellamy; Northwestern Prov., Soutpan, Tswaing, 25°24′S 28°06′E, 12.12.1996, beating, Dombrowsky &amp; Krüger; idem, Sitkaatsneck, 25°40′S 27°55′E, 30.11.1995, beating, leg.C. L. Bellamy; idem, Kommanddoneck, 25°45′S 27°47′E, 1.12.1995, beating, leg. C. L. Bellamy; idem, Warmbaths, Mabalingwe Res., 20.3.1996, Light trap, leg. B. Dombrowsky; idem, 20 km W Thabazimbi, 24°35′S 27°14′E, 12.XII-5.II.2000, Lindgren Funnel, T. K. Phillips; Transvaal, Waterval farm, 25°35′S 28°16′E, 8.1.1992, at light, leg. R. Dixon; idem, Pienaars Riv., 8 km S, 25°17′S 28°17′E, 28.12.1994, beating, leg. C. L. Bellamy; idem, d’ Nyala Natur Res. IV-2-1992, UV light, C. W. &amp; L. B. O’ Brien; idem, Saartjiesnek, 30 km W Pretoria, I.1989, leg. K. Werner; idem, Rustenburg, 26-30. XI.1948, leg. A. L. Capener; idem, Middlefontein near Nylstroom, 15- 17.12.1953, leg. A. L. Capener; idem, Nmabolela estate, 22°40′S 28°15′ E 6.3.1973, mercury vapor light, leg. Endrödy- Younga; idem, 30 km NE Thabazimbi, 24, 25.X.1984, H. &amp; A. Howden; idem, Ben Alberta Nat. Res., Thabazimbi, 24°37′S 27°23′E, 24-28. XI.1980, S. J. van Tonder; idem, Potgietersrus, 1-3.XII.1992, Ex. Protea flowers, J. Klimaszewski; Gauteng, Hennops River District, Portion 53 of Vlakaas, 24.XI.2008, leg., Martin Paulsen; Makueni, Ukamba, 11.1947, von Somoren. SENEGAL: M’ Bambey, 8-VIII-1939, M. Risbec; Casamanche, 6-VI-1981, leg. B. Sigwalt; Thies, 1882; Ziguinchor, Boukitimbo, 12°26′41″N 16°35′53″E, 5.VIII.2007, light trap, 18 m, P. Moretto &amp; F. Génier. BURKINA FASO: Comoé, Koflandé (village), 10°14′42″N 4°27′50″E, 4.VII. 2006, 290 m, savanna wood, light trap, F. &amp; S. Génier; Nahouri, Forêt de Nazinga, 11°07′52″N 1° 34′38″E, 24.VII. 2006, 270 m, savanna wood, light trap, F. &amp; S. Génier; Loroum, Toulfé, 13°53′43″N 1°52′25″E, 16.VII. 2006, 300m, light trap, F. &amp; S. Génier; Bobo Dioulasso, XII- 1974. GAMBIA: Abuko Nat. Res. 13.10.1999, leg. W. Schacht; Janjangbureh, 12- 13.7.2000, R. Grimm. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO: Lualaba, Zilo, 15-XI-1960, Dr. V. Allard; idem, Ruwe, I-1960, at light, Dr. V. Allard; Elisabethville, 8-XII-1930, H. J. Bredo; Baudouinville, I-1933, L. Burgeon; Kapanga, XII-1932, F. G. Overlaet. KENYA: Eastern, E 729 Sosoma, 202 km E of Thika, 20.11.07, Snižek; idem, E of Thika, Mwingi, Nguini, 29.XII. 2007, Legt. Snižek. ETHIOPIA: Baffray, 1882. SUDAN: Koulikoro, 1913, Paul Linarix. CHAD: N’ Gouri, distr. De Kanem, P. Renaud. TANZANIA: Longido, Masai Distr. 17/ 20-IV-1957, 1500 m, P. Basilewsky &amp; N. Leleup; Ngarenanyuki. BENIN: Dahomey. NIGER: Maradi, 11-VII-1980, Paul Bouchard. RWANDA: P. N. Akagera, 6.XII.1985, R. Jocqué. ZIMBABWE: Sebakwe; Mazoe, Dec. 1905, G. A. K. Marshall; Salisbury, Dec. 1897, G. A. K. Marshall; Masvingo Pro. Lake Mutirikwe, 20°13′S- 31°00′E, 27.11.2006, light trap, leg Gussmann &amp; Müller; Chivhu, The</p><p>Range env., 30.XI.1998, leg. M. Snižek; Matopos, 8- XII-1990, R. Miller &amp; L. Strange. CÔTE D ’ IVORE: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Elfenbeinküste</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Comoé National Park</a>, V. 1993, lg. Rödel. MOZAMBIQUE: Nyassa. ZAMBIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Kashitu</a>, N of Broken Hill, 26.IV.1915, H. C. Dollman; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Lochinvar</a>, 6/ 26.V.1964, F. Van Noten; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Kashitu</a>, 26-IV-1915, Mopan. MALAWI: Salima Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.623889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.0824995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.623889/lat 11.0824995)">Senga Bay Forest</a> Res., 13-16-II- 2009, 550 m, in Brachystegia woods, R. Murphy. NIGERIA: Lama Burra G. R. 11°04′57″N 8°37′26″E, 21-25- VII- 2006, 830 m, Leonard &amp; Vingerhoedt (Fig. 40). Specimens are deposited in BMNH, CMNC, FSCA, ISNB, MNHN, MRAC, NBCN, RGCG, TMSA, UCDC , and WOPC.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE0987BF14572627FD42FE877740EC52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Opitz, Weston	Opitz, Weston (2016): Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Korynetinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part III. The African GeneraEctospinulaOpitz, New Genus, andProsymnusLaporte. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70 (3): 429-446, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-70.3.429, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-70.3.429
