taxonID	type	description	language	source
CD47879D59418D2FFF2599AEFA8E57A0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (after Glasby & Salazar-Vallejo 2022). Pilargids with body cylindrical, integument smooth. Median and lateral antennae present. Palps not fused, biarticulated, palpostyles cirriform, ventrally directed. Paired ventrolateral papillae absent. Pharynx lacking terminal papillae; proximally smooth. Two pairs of tentacular cirri, cirriform. Dorsal and ventral cirri tapered. Notochaetal spines, emergent below dorsal cirri, starting from chaetigers 4 – 10, and present on all subsequent segments. Neurochaetae short or long limbate (laterally spinulose) capillaries.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	description	Figs 3 – 7	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thailand, Southern Gulf of Thailand, Pattani Province. A single incomplete specimen, holotype (PSUZC-POL- 0455), chaetigers 21 – 22 on SEM stub, Sta. PN 03 (7 ° 00 ' N, 101 ° 20 ' E), coll. Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., SCUBA diving, 12 Jul. 2011, sandy mixed with shells fragments, 15 m.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Glyphohesione without eyespots. Ventral cirri absent in chaetiger 2. Notopodial spines start on chaetiger 6. Body with small papillae on peristomium and parapodia.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	description	Description. Holotype incomplete, 2.1 mm long 0.5 mm width (at widest point of chaetiger 7, including parapodia), 22 chaetigers (Fig. 3 A). Body depressed, annulated, with a row of small papillae on peristomium and parapodial bases, mid-ventral groove present; semi-transparent in alcohol, no pigmentation (Fig. 3 A – D). Prostomium bilobed anteriorly, longer than wide (341 µm in length palpostyle and 253 µm wide at the peristomium); three slender cirriform antennae with short ceratophores; median antenna located on the posterior margin of prostomium, about 1.6 x longer than lateral antennae. Lateral antennae located at mid-lateral of prostomium; eyespots absent. Palps biarticulate, palpophores large, palpostyles long, slender (0.08 mm), about 0.3 x shorter than lateral antennae (Fig. 3 A – C). Proboscis retracted (Fig. 3 D). Peristomium indistinctly separated from prostomium. Two pairs of slender tentacular cirri, slightly shorter than lateral antennae (0.26: 0.28 mm); dorsal tentacular cirri longer than ventral cirri (Fig. 3 B – C). A transverse row of very small papillae (about 5 µm in diameter) located dorsally about mid-peristomium (Fig. 3 C). Each chaetiger with rows of 3 – 5 small epidermal papillae in the posterior dorsolateral margin, and longer than prostomium papillae (up to 7.8 µm in diameter and 12.8 µm long), each row located near parapodial bases (Figs 3 E, 5 D – E) and with 4 axillary ciliated papillae on the parapodia near the aciculum (Fig. 5 D). Notopodia with elongated dorsal cirrus; first pair of dorsal cirri longer than those on subsequent chaetigers, about 5.5 x longer than dorsal cirri of chaetiger 2 (436: 78.5 µm) and 1.7 x longer than dorsal tentacular cirri (Fig. 3 A – B). Ventral cirri shorter than dorsal cirri, ventral cirri of chaetiger 1 shorter than those of other chaetigers, absent on chaetiger 2 (Fig. 4 A). Dorsum and ventrum of dorsal cirri with rows of pores (Fig. 5 B – C). Parapodia biramous. Notopodial lobe reduced; notopodia of chaetigers 1 – 5 with elongate dorsal cirrus and one notoacicula; from chaetiger 6, notopodia with elongate dorsal cirrus, one notoacicula, and one slightly bent notospine (Figs 3 A – B, F, 5 A – B, D, 6 A, 7 B). Neuropodial lobes well developed, conical, truncate (Fig. 5 A – B); all neurochaetae pectinate with slightly curved tips (Figs 5 B, 6 C – F, 7 C – F). Inferior chaetae shorter than superior ones (Figs 5 A, C, 6 B, D, 7 D). Neurochaetae numerous, up to 36 chaetae per fascicle (Figs 4 B – C, 5 A). Oocytes visible in parapodia, very small measure about 11 – 18 μm in diameter (Fig. 4 D). Pygidium unknown.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Pattani Province, the type locality. Habitat. Found at 15 m depth of water in sand mixed with shells fragments.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. is only known from the Southern Gulf of Thailand.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59478D2AFF259FC2FED65384.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. belongs to the group of Glyphohesione with eyespots absent. This group includes G. campensis, G. klatti and G. longocirrata. Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. differs from these species by having the lateral antennae located on the mid-lateral of the prostomium. In G. campensis, G. klatti and G. longocirrata the lateral antennae are found on the anterior of the prostomium (Friedrich 1950; Licher 1994; Ribeiro et al. 2020). Although it most resembles G. klatti by having the first notopodial spines beginning on chaetiger 6, those of G. klatti actually vary from chaetigers 5 – 8 while those of the new species are only found on chaetiger 6 (Friedrich 1950). Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. also differs from G. campensis and G. longocirrata as its notopodial spines start from chaetiger 6 while those of G. campenisis and G. longocirrata present on 5 and 10 – 15 respectively (Licher 1994; Ribeiro et al. 2020). Additionally, the new species lacks ventral cirri at chaetiger 2 and small epidermal papillae are present on the prostomium and the parapodia. These characters have not been reported in other species in the genus previously. Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. also differs from G. campensis and G. longocirrata by having curved tipped neurochaetae instead of the straight tips of G. campensis (Ribeiro et al. 2020) and bifid tips seen in G. longocirrata (Licher 1994). Glyphohesione pattaniensis sp. nov. also differs from all known species of the genus in having a greater number (up to 35) of neurochaetae per fascicle. Glyphohesione campensis, G. klatti, G. longocirrata and G. nicoyensis bear fewer neurochaetae with 8, 25, 14 and 18 chaetae per fascicle respectively (Dean 1998; Friedrich 1950; Licher 1994; Ribeiro et al. 2020).	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59448D2AFF2599D3FBF15718.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (after Glasby & Salazar-Vallejo 2022). Pilargids with body cylindrical, integument smooth. Lateral and median antennae present. Palps variably fused, palpostyles ventrolateral. Paired ventrolateral palpal papillae present. Pharynx smooth. Two pairs of tentacular cirri. Dorsal and ventral cirri cirriform. Notochaetae are falcate bidentate spines. Neurochaetae include pectinate and denticulate capillaries and furcate chaetae.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	description	Figs 8 – 11	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Thailand, Gulf of Thailand. 54 specimens, Losin Island (7 ° 09 ' N, 101 ° 59 ' E), coll. Marine Ecosearch Management Co., Ltd., SCUBA diving, sand mixed with dead coral rubbles. Holotype: PSUZC-POL- 0456, Sta. LO 2 - 4, 23 Aug. 2022, 32 m. Paratypes: 53 specimens; Sta. LO 1 (same as holotype), 23 Aug. 2022; 25.5 m: PSUZC-POL- 0457 (1 spec.), Sta. LO 1 - 1; PSUZC-POL- 0458 (3 specs.), Sta. LO 1 - 3; PSUZC-POL- 0459 – 0461 (12 specs., 3 specs. on SEM stub), Sta. LO 2 (same as holotype), 23 Aug. 2022, 27 – 32 m; PSUZC-POL- 0462 – 0464 (14 specs., 2 specs. on SEM stub), Sta. LO 3 (same as holotype), 23 Aug. 2022, 29 m; PSUZC-POL- 0465 (3 specs.), Sta. LO 4 (same as holotype), 24 Aug. 2022, 29 m; PSUZC-POL- 0466 (2 specs.), Sta. LO 5 (same as holotype), 22 Aug. 2023, 31 m; PSUZC-POL- 0467 (2 specs.), Sta. LO 6, 23 Aug. 2023, 28.5 m; PSUZC-POL- 0468 (4 specs.), Sta. LO 7 (same as holotype), 23 Aug. 2023, PSUZC-POL- 0469 (4 specs.), Sta. LO 8 (same as holotype), 23 Aug. 2023, 35.6 m; PSUZC-POL- 0470 (8 specs., 3 specs. on SEM stub), Sta. LO 9 (same as holotype), 24 Aug. 2023, 31 m. Additional material. Southern Gulf of Thailand, Pattani Province. 86 specimens: 12 Jul. 2011, One specimen, Sta. PN 02 (7 ° 00 ' N, 101 ° 23 ' E), 18 m, sand mixed with shells. Losin Island (same as holotype); 23 Aug. 2022, Sta. LO 2 (11 specs.), Sta. LO 3 (18 specs.); 24 Aug. 2022, Sta. LO 4 (3 specs.); 22 Aug. 2023, Sta. LO 5 (2 specs.); 23 Aug. 2023, Sta. LO 6 (6 specs.); Sta. LO 7 (4 specs.); Sta. LO 8 (4 specs.); 24 Aug. 2023, Sta. LO 9 (38 specs.).	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pseudexogone with eyespots; bidentate notospines from chaetiger 6; furcate chaetae from chaetiger 2; median and posterior chaetigers lacking furcate chaetae; blade of larger tine very curved, expanded, tip of smaller tine with a distal excavation. Short limbate and denticulate capillary chaetae with double rows of teeth; tip of short limbate chaeta unidentate, acute.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	description	Description. Holotype largest complete specimen, 9.9 mm long 0.2 mm wide, 63 chaetigers. Paratypes, complete specimens 5.5 – 9.8 mm long, 0.14 – 0.20 mm wide about 41 – 60 chaetigers. Body annulate, transparent, slightly wider anteriorly, tapering posteriorly (Fig. 8 A). Prostomium bilobed, longer than wide. Eyespots, small, dark brown, semicircular, close to lateral antennae. Three cirriform antennae; median antenna longer than laterals, located on posterior margin of the prostomium; lateral antennae located anterior to eyespots (Figs 8 A – B, 9 A – E, 11 A – B). Palps bilobed, anteriorly rounded; pair of digitiform ventro-lateral palpal papillae present, shorter than antennae, located half way along the palp length (Figs 9 A – E, 11 A – B). Brain lobes extended posteriorly to chaetiger 4. Peristomium biannulate, first ring laterally reduced; tentacular cirri ventro-laterally placed, dorsal tentacular cirrus slightly longer than ventral ones (Figs 9 A – E, 11 A – B). Parapodia uniramous in chaetigers 1 – 5, thereafter biramous. Notopodial bidentate sigmoid spines present from chaetiger 6 to the posterior end. Each notopodia with a single notospine (Figs 9 A, 10 AB, F, 12 A, E); in anterior chaetigers notospine shorter than posterior ones (Fig 10 A, F). Dorsal cirri larger and longer than ventral cirri (Fig. 10 A). Neuropodia of chaetiger 1 with 5 chaetae, two short limbate chaetae and three elongate denticulate capillaries. Each neuropodia with 5 – 6 chaetae per bundle; one furcate (in anterior chaetigers), 1 – 2 short limbate chaetae and 2 – 3 elongate denticulate capillaries (Fig. 10 A, C). Furcate neurochaetae from chaetiger 2, lacking in median and posterior chaetigers; furcate chaeta with unequal tines, large tine strongly curved and expanded, smaller tine with excavated tip (Figs 10 E, 11 C – D). Posterior chaetigers with 3 chaetae per bundle; one pectinate and two denticulate capillaries (Fig. 10 F). All neurochaetae pectinate, with double longitudinal rows of teeth (Figs 10 C – E, 11 C). Oocytes present in holotype and paratypes, oocytes visible in lateral side of parapodia from anterior to posterior chaetigers, measure about 6 – 9 μm in diameter (Fig. 8 C). Pygidium with two cirriform ventrolateral anal cirri, longer than posterior dorsal cirri. Anus dorso-terminal, ciliated. Posterior end with one achaetous segment (Figs 8 D, 11 F).	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Losin Island, a smallest Island in the Gulf of Thailand, the locality where the specimens were collected. Habitat. Found in sandy and dead coral rubble at Losin Island.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Losin Island at 25.5 – 32 m depth, the Gulf of Thailand.	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
CD47879D59498D21FF259FC2FB0B5756.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pseudexogone losinensis sp. nov. belongs to a group of Pseudexogone species with eyespots (Table 2). This group includes P. backstromi Augener, 1922, P. imajimai Salazar-Vallejo, Bailey-Brock & Dreyer, 2007 and P. williamsae Salazar-Vallejo, Bailey-Brock & Dreyer, 2007. Pseudexogone losinensis sp. nov. differs P. backstromi by having the first notospines from chaetiger 6 and the large tine of the furcate chaeta being strongly curved; P. backstromi has the first notospines from chaetiger 7 and the large tine of the furcate chaeta straight. Moreover, the median antenna in the new species is longer than the lateral antennae whereas in P. backstromi the median antenna and lateral antennae are of similar length (Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2007). Pseudexogone losinensis sp. nov. differs from P. imajimai in that the prostomium is longer than wide while in P. imajimai the prostomium is wider than long. Moreover, the large tine of the furcate chaetae of the new species is strongly curved and expanded without a subdistal notch and the tip of the small tine has a distal depression. In P. imajimai the large tine of the furcate setae has a subdistal notch and the tip of the small tine lacks a pore (Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2007). Additional, P. losinensis sp. nov. has one prepygidial achaetous segment while P. imajimai has two prepygidial achaetous segments (Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2007). Pseudexogone losinensis sp. nov. differs from P. williamsae in that the longer tine of the furcate chaetae of P. williamsae is uncurved with a subdistal hump. Moreover, P. losinensis sp. nov. has only a single furcate chaeta per bundle in anterior chaetigers, whereas P. williamsae has up to 2 (Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2007).	en	Plathong, Jintana, Plathong, Sakanan, Dean, Harlan K. (2024): New species of Glyphohesione and Pseudexogone (Annelida, Pilargidae) from the Gulf of Thailand. Zootaxa 5428 (2): 235-252, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.4
