taxonID	type	description	language	source
CD3A87C3FF907919FF61FDB3FBEEA43F.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Holoscolex nemorosus Cognetti de Martiis, 1904	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF907919FF61FDB3FBEEA43F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Setae in 8 longitudinal lines. One pair of intra-clitellar male pores, paired spermathecae in one or more segments. One pair of calciferous glands in XI or XII with composite-tubular structure and non-glandular reservoir. Sexual system holandric and metagynous; seminal vesicles in general short or long.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF90791FFF61FC7EFE1FA62A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 307 one adult, clitellate, amputee. Gurupi Biological Reserve, primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 24.87 " S 46 ° 45 ' 12.96 " W, 188 masl. 26 March 2015, Hernández- García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls. Paratypes. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 308 two adults, clitellate, amputee, same locality as holotype; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 309 two adults, clitellate, fragmented, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 10.76 " S 46 ° 45 ' 56.54 " W, 158 masl. 28 March 2015, Hernández-García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF90791FFF61FC7EFE1FA62A.taxon	description	Description. Dimensions: holotype 40 mm long and 2.5 mm wide at X, 2.7 mm at clitellum, 2.5 mm at XXX, 111 segments; paratypes 43 – 46 mm by 2.1 – 2.4 mm at X, 2.4 – 2.6 mm at clitellum and 2.2 – 2.3 mm at XXX, 114 – 120 segments. Body cylindrical. Setae AB and CD begin on IV. Setae AB widely paired while those of CD are narrowly paired. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 1.8: 1.0: 0.8: 0.1: 2.8 at XXX, dd <1 / 2 circumference throughout. Prostomium pro-epilobous. Ovipores microscopical on small ventral elevations, equatorial approximately at the level of setae A in XIV with distance of 0.75 mm between pores. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 and 8 / 9 open in B line just over intersegmental semilunar grooves associate to circular papillae. Microscopical male pores in 20 / 21 inside the tubercula pubertatis; milk-white clitellum saddle to BC in XVI – XXIV. Tubercula pubertatis on XIX – XXII in B line and looking like two double bands on each side, a larger and a smaller one, the smaller one from XX – XXI and with some internal wrinkles like spiral bands. Genital markings as circular papillae in VIII and IX just on AB line. Setae with papillae similar to common setae. In segment VIII genital markings are in setal line C, in IX they are in setal line B. Other small and paired genital markings on A line and becoming more widely spaced from XV to XVIII (Fig. 2 A). Genital markings also on segments XXIII – XXV on A line. Setae related to genital markings of straight shape in the apical region and 300 µm in length (Fig. 2 B). Common setae of post-clitellar region sigmoidal and 85 – 90 µm in length (Fig. 2 C). Nephropores small, just dorsal to setal line C, very small and smooth valves are visible on body wall. Septa 6 / 7 – 9 / 10 equally thick and muscular, 10 / 11 thinly muscular, other septa membranous. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in VI; esophagus with high chevron pattern lamellae in VII – IX, longitudinal lamellae in 9 – 10, intestinal origin in XIII, with a dorsal typhlosole from the beginning. Thyphlosole as disk-shaped, concave folds in XV – XXVII, then wavy laminar. Calciferous glands of composite-tubular type originating in XII, with ovoid form for glandular part and conic sac form for membranous part, extending to XVI; dorsal blood vessel connects to a blood vessel on lateral face of gland part. The membranous part is a calcium carbonate reservoir on medial face of gland, towards duct (Fig. 2 D). Vesiculated holonephridia; post-clitellar nephridia consisting of a thin tube arranged in irregular loops and connected directly with the bladder compartment (Fig. 2 E). Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in VII – IX, latero-esophageal hearts in X and XI. A thin supra-esophageal vessel was observed from segment X connected to latero-esophageal hearts; the thin vessel runs along dorsal side of intestine without supra-esophageal hearts. One pair of ovaries in segment XIII, ovarian funnels in intersegment 13 / 14 just on septum and with duct running to body wall opening on A line. Spermathecae in VIII and IX and opening in B line at 7 / 8 and 8 / 9 just adjacent to genital marking glands. There is not distinction between ampulla and duct. The structure is an elongate thin-walled sac, slightly tapering towards the ectal pore (Fig. 2 F). Two pairs of setal glands associated to the spermathecae at A line in segment IX. Male sexual system holandric, testes and seminal funnels free in X and XI; medial to hearts of X – XI, narrow tubes from testes connect to two pairs of lobulated seminal vesicles in XI – XII; seminal vesicles of XII penetrate septa and extend posteriorly along intestine to XIV – XV; vasa deferentia on body wall at B en route to enter body wall in 20 / 21 within tubercula pubertatis.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF90791FFF61FC7EFE1FA62A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in memory of Raimundo dos Santos Rodrigues, farmer and environmentalist, member of the Gurupi Biological Reserve Council, murdered August 25, 2015 by ranchers.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF90791FFF61FC7EFE1FA62A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Holoscolex dossantosi sp. nov. resembles Holoscolex caramuru Righi, 1975 and Holoscolex nemorosus tacoa Righi et al., 1978 by the presence of two pairs of spermathecae in VIII and IX, the presence of tubercula pubertatis and the beginning of clitellum on segment XVI. They are, however, separated by the following characters (H. dossantosi sp. nov., vs H. nemorosus tacoa and H. caramuru): i) length of tubercula pubertatis, XIX – XXII vs. XIX – XXI; ii) male pores in 20 / 21 vs. XX; iii) spermathecal pores in B vs. BC in H. nemorosus tacoa and B in H. caramuru. Moreover, H. dossantosi sp. nov. has distinctive genital markings, which are gradually more widely placed on segments XV – XVIII, and tubercula pubertatis looking like double bands. Furthermore, H. dossantosi sp. nov. has a distinctive setal arrangement; setae are widely paired ventrally and narrowly paired laterally.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF96791EFF61FE4DFDCCA50A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 310 one adult, clitellate, fragmented. Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 27.19 " S 46 ° 45 ' 6.91 " W, 209 masl. 26 March 2015, Hernández- García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls. Paratypes. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 313, two adults, clitellate, fragmented, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 16.35 " S 46 ° 45 ' 34.74 " W, 175 masl. 24 March 2015. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 315, one adult clitellate fragmented, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 10.76 " S 46 ° 45 ' 56.54 " W, 158 masl. 28 March 2015. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 314 one adult, clitellate, fragmented. Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 11.71 " S 46 ° 45 ' 34.91 " W, 189 masl. 23 March 2015. Hernández-García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF96791EFF61FE4DFDCCA50A.taxon	description	Other Material. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 312, three adults, clitellate, fragmented, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 40 ' 50.07 " S 46 ° 46 ' 12.95 " W, 154 masl. 24 March 2015. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 311, two adults, clitellate, fragmented, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 20.33 " S 46 ° 46 ' 1.16 " W, 172 masl. 28 March 2015. Hernández- García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls. Description. Dimensions: holotype 64 mm long and 2.7 mm wide at X, 3.2 mm at clitellum, 2.2 mm at XXX, 129 segments; paratypes 53 – 79 mm by 2.5 – 2.8 mm at X, 2.8 – 3.1 mm at clitellum and 2.4 – 2.9 mm at XXX, 188 – 297 segments. Body cylindrical and slightly flattened. Setae AB commence on VI, and, CD on VIII, but setae are sporadic until clitellum. Setae AB widely paired and CD narrowly paired. Setal arrangement aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 2.0: 1.0: 0.4: 0.1: 2.8 at XXX, dd <1 / 2 circumference throughout. Prostomium pro-epilobous. Two pairs of spermathecal pores are in 7 / 8 and 8 / 9 opening on very small gaps in intersegmental area at B line. Ovipores aligned to the ventral edge of genital markings on XIV, 0.8 mm apart; male pores in 20 / 21 inside tubercula pubertatis; clitellum slightly beige color in XVI – XXIV, saddle shaped. Wing-flat shaped tubercula pubertatis are present on XIX – XXII in B line, protruding from body wall (Fig. 3 A). Small genital markings with genital setae are present in some specimens on segments VIII and IX at AB line. Other paratypes have slight genital markings on segments XI – XIV on A line, with genital markings of XIV bigger and near the female pore and large and protuberant genital markings with genital setae or internal atrial glands on the left side of XXII, sometimes on the right side. Common setae are sigmoid shape and smooth with 150 µm in length, while genital setae are smooth and slightly more straight at the apical region (Fig. 3 B, C). Nephropores in setal line C with very small stomata like valves seen on external body wall. Septa 6 / 7 – 9 / 10 equally thick and muscular, 10 / 11 thinly muscular, other septa membranous. Alimentary canal with large cylindrical gizzard in VI; intestinal origin in XIV; typhlosole origin in XIV, disk-shaped, concave folds in XXXV – XL, then a simple lamina which ends in CV – CXL. Calciferous glands paired in XII, extending to XV, pedunculated sacs with a glandular region of composite-tubular type and ovoid shape, distal part membranous and with a calcium carbonate reservoir (Fig. 3 D). Open vesiculated holonephridia; nematodes were found inside the bladder (Fig. 3 E); two thin loops recognized in pre-septal region ending in an area with cell aggregation near the bladder. Semi-lunar valve with micro-sphincters present at nephropores, nephridia enlarged in IV – VI. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in VII – IX and latero-esophageal hearts in X and XI. Supra-esophageal vessels from X, connected to latero-esophageal hearts and running along dorsal region of intestine. Ovaries not recognized. Ovarian funnels at 13 / 14. Spermathecae in VIII and IX at B line; 2.6 – 2.9 mm long, elongate with rounded tip and iridescent interior, ducts conical and very narrow at base (Fig. 3 F). Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels free in X and XI. Two pairs of seminal vesicles with a lobulated form in XI – XII, with those of XII penetrating septa and extending posteriorly along intestine to XVII – XVIII; vasa deferentia on body wall, extending along B to enter body wall in 20 / 21.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF96791EFF61FE4DFDCCA50A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is derived from the winged shape of the tubercula pubertatis.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF96791EFF61FE4DFDCCA50A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Holoscolex alatus sp. nov. resembles Holoscolex caramuru Righi, 1975 and Holoscolex nemorosus tacoa Righi et al., 1978 by the presence of two pairs of spermathecae in VIII and IX, the presence of tubercula pubertatis and the beginning of the clitellum on segment XVI. They are however separated by the following differences (H. alatus sp. nov. vs. H. nemorosus tacoa and H. caramuru): i) length of tubercula pubertatis, XIX – XXII vs. XIX – XXI; ii) male pores in 20 / 21 vs. XX; iii) spermathecal pores in B line, vs. BC line in H. nemorosus tacoa and B line for H. caramuru. Moreover, H. alatus sp. nov. has alate tubercula pubertatis, unusual for this genus, protruding from the body wall and looking like a flat wing. H. alatus sp. nov. also has a distinctive setal arrangement, widely paired ventrally and narrowly paired laterally. More details of compared characters among species of the genus are listed in Table 1.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF977913FF61F901FE18A148.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 297 one adult, clitellate, entire. Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 10.76 " S 46 ° 45 ' 56.54 " W, 158 masl. 28 March 2015, Hernández-García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls. Paratypes. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 300 two adults, clitellate, entire; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 298 two adults clitellate entire, same locality as holotype; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 304 two adults, clitellate, entire; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 305 one adult, clitellate, entire; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 306 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve, primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 24.87 " S 46 ° 45 ' 12.96 " W, 188 masl. 26 March 2015, Hernández-García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls. Other material. MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 299 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 41 ' 20.33 " S 46 ° 46 ' 1.16 " W, 172 masl. 28 March 2015; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 301 one adult, clitellate, entire; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 302 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 40 ' 59.74 " S 46 ° 46 ' 1.48 " W, 182 masl. 25 March 2015; MPEG. ANL 0 0 0 303 one adult, clitellate, entire, Gurupi Biological Reserve, logged primary forest, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil, 3 ° 40 ' 50.07 " S 46 ° 46 ' 12.95 " W, 154 masl. 24 March 2015, Hernández-García, L. M. & Rousseau G. X. colls.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF977913FF61F901FE18A148.taxon	description	Description. Dimensions: holotype 61 mm long and 4.0 mm wide at X, 3.0 mm at clitellum, 3.5 mm at XXX, 219 segments; paratypes 63 – 104 mm by 3 – 4 mm at X, 4 – 5 mm at clitellum and 3 – 4 mm at XXX, 154 – 206 segments. Body cylindrical and slightly flattened. Setae AB commence on III, CD visible after segment X. Setae widely paired throughout; setal formula aa: ab: bc: cd: dd = 1.6: 1.0: 0.8: 0.5: 2.2 at XXX, dd <1 / 2 circumference throughout. Prostomium prolobous. Unpigmented, clitellum milk-white color. Ovipores in B line on XIV, 1.2 mm apart. Two pairs of spermathecal pores in 7 / 8 and 8 / 9 on tumid lips at B line. Microscopical male pores open in 19 / 20 within B grooves and inside of tubercula pubertatis. Distance between male pores approximately 1.2 mm. Two tubercula pubertatis on each side, semi-globular and protruding, extended along AB line in XIX – XXII. Clitellum saddle in XVI – XXIV (Fig. 4 A). Genital setae in A line of some segments of XIX – XXII, on papillae related to atrial glands (Figs. 4 B, 5). Those setae are almost 1 mm in length with straight shape and with 4 – 5 serial furrows at apical part. Common postclitellar setae also straight, smooth, the dimension vary between 200 and 220 µm (Fig. 4 C). Nephropores near B line, very small micro sphincters are present on body wall. Septa 5 / 6 thin, 6 / 7 – 10 / 11 equally thick and muscular, septum 11 / 12 absent. Alimentary canal with a large cylindrical gizzard in VI; esophagus with high lamellae in radial pattern VII – IX, valvular in XII, intestinal origin XVI; typhlosole origin XVI, zig-zag shaped and with the ventral edge bent over to form pockets, simple lamina after XL – XLIX. Paired ovoid-shaped calciferous glands of composite-tubular type in XII, expanded in XIII, under seminal vesicles; blood vessels to glands include a large branch of dorsal vessel to approximate anterior region of each gland. Calcium carbonate reservoir ovoid-shaped (Fig. 4 D). One pair of nephridia per segment; those of postclitellar area close to intestine and with nephrostome oriented ventrally (Fig. 4 F); irregular loop opening into bladder; nephropore opening in body wall through micro-sphincters surrounded by semi-lunar valves. Vascular system with ventral trunk, single dorsal trunk, lateral vessels in VII – IX, latero-esophageal hearts in X, last pair (XI) enclosed in testis sacs. A thin supra-esophageal vessel seen in X, connected to hearts, approximately half as wide as latero-esophageal hearts, running dorsally along intestine, connected to very fine lateral blood vessel. One pair of ovaries in XIII. Ovarian funnels at 13 / 14, duct opening in XIV on A line. Two pairs of spermathecae in VII and VIII (Fig. 4 E), elongate spermathecal sacs, no differentiation of duct and ampulla, opening posterior at inter-segment 7 / 8 – 8 / 9 on B line. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels ventral in paired sacs in X and XI; medial to hearts of XI narrow tubes from sac connect to seminal vesicles. Two pairs of lobulated seminal vesicles in XI and XII, expanded in XIII and XIV. Vasa deferentia on body wall extend in B, entering body wall in 19 / 20. Atrial glands present on A line in XVIII – XXIV (Fig. 4 G, 5), with different patterns: two atrial glands in XVIII and one in XXII, two atrial glands in XXI and two in XXIII, two atrial glands in XX and one in XXII and finally, two atrial glands in XVIII and one in XIX and XXIV.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF977913FF61F901FE18A148.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named in honor of Antonio Fernando Rocha, ranger of the Reserve where the earthworms were found.	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
CD3A87C3FF977913FF61F901FE18A148.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Holoscolex fernandoi sp. nov. is similar to Holoscolex nemorosus nemorosus Cognetti de Martiis, 1904 by the presence of two pairs of spermathecae, male pore in 19 / 20 and the length of the clitellum (8 segments). Both species differ, however, in the following characters (H. fernandoi sp. nov. vs H. nemorosus nemorosus): i) position of the spermathecae sacs in segment VII and VIII vs in VIII and IX; ii) tubercula pubertatis present vs absent and iii) atrial glands present vs absent. TABLE ·. Comparison of characters of Holoscolex species. L = bođy length [mm], D = bođy điameter [mm], S = segment number, ST = spermathecae, MP = male pores, CG = calciferous glanđs, IAG = intraclitellar atrial glanđs, TSF = testes anđ seminal funnels,? = No information available. * Holotype anđ paratype amputees	en	Hernández-García, Luis Manuel, Burgos-Guerrero, Jesús Enrique, Santos, Bianca Tamires Silva Dos, Rousseau, Guillaume Xavier, James, Samuel Wooster (2018): Three new species of Holoscolex (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) from the Gurupi Biological Reserve, last forest remnant of the Belém Endemism Area, Eastern Amazon. Zootaxa 4496 (1): 459-471, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.35
