identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CC6E8784FFFCFFBEFF54FD92FBE5D17C.text	CC6E8784FFFCFFBEFF54FD92FBE5D17C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dentalium Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Dentalium Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium to large, generally well curved, strong, usually polished. Variable in color (white to yellow, orange, red or green). Eight to 12 primary ribs, varying strength, simple­channeled. Secondary ribs variable in number, smooth or sculptured. Intercostal spaces concave or convex, smooth or sculptured by longitudinal or transversal striae, or both. Apex with a flat V­shaped notch at ventral side. Apical callous, lumen circular, pipe common. Section polygonal at apex, circular at mouth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFFCFFBEFF54FD92FBE5D17C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFFCFFB0FF54FBCDFA59D6D6.text	CC6E8784FFFCFFB0FF54FBCDFA59D6D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dentalium laqueatum Verrill 1885	<div><p>Dentalium laqueatum Verrill, 1885</p><p>Figs. 1–5</p><p>+ Dentalium laqueatum Verrill 1885: 431, pl. 44, fig. 18; Dall 1889: 426, pl. 27, fig. 1; Maury 1922: 34; Abbott 1974: 383, fig. 4491; Scarabino 1994: 306, pl. 105, fig. 1496; Cabral and Mello 1994: 34, fig. 2; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 442; 2004: 608; Gracia et al. 2005: 330, fig. 3. + Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum: Henderson 1920: 23; Penna­Neme 1974: 106; Scarabino 1985: 197, pl. 71, fig. 1008.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum laqueatum: Henderson 1920: 24, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7. + Dentalium (Dentalium) laqueatum regulare Henderson 1920: 26, pl. 1, fig. 8.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype USNM 44671.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, USA, 124 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell up to 60 mm long, cream, slightly curved, entire surface reticulated by longitudinal, transversal striae. Nine to twelve rounded primary ribs, secondary ones begin early, all reach oral aperture, giving polygonal section. Intercostal spaces concave. Apex polygonal, short notch at convex side.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of D. laqueatum; IBUFRJ 8064, sta D14, 4 lv; IBUFRJ 8082, sta VV38, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14233, sta Y5, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14234, sta R2#1, 2 lv, 37dd; IBUFRJ 14235, sta R1#1, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14236, sta 27, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14237, sta 25, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14238, sta C27, 2 lv, 13 dd; IBUFRJ 14239, sta C35, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina, Florida; Caribbean Sea: Gulf of Mexico, North of Cuba; Jamaica; Antigua, Barbados and Grenada; north of Yucatan; Campeche bank (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Colombia (Gracia et al. 2005); Brazil: Amapá to Santa Catarina (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1985, 1994). Living 82 (this study) to 225 m (Sander &amp; Lalli 1982), shells 77 to 550 m (this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Verrill (1885: 432) indicated: "st. 2268 off Chesapeake Bay, in 68 fathoms", but the label of the type material reads "off Cape Hatteras USBF, in 68 fms", the locality cited by Steiner and Kabat (2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFFCFFB0FF54FBCDFA59D6D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF2FFB0FF54FBAAFC9ED20C.text	CC6E8784FFF2FFB0FF54FBAAFC9ED20C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradentalium Cotton & Godfrey 1933	<div><p>Paradentalium Cotton &amp; Godfrey, 1933</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium intercalatum Gould, 1859 (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium to large, slender, moderately curved, solid, shiny, polished; translucent, white or yellow. Six primary ribs, dorsal most prominent, one ventral, four latero­ventral. Secondary ribs present, number variable. Ribs round, flat or angled; intercostal spaces smooth or finely striated longitudinally, straigth on dorsal side, convex on ventral side. Apex simple, truncate, lumen circular, frequently with short terminal pipe. Section hexagonal at apex, subcircular or hexagonal at mouth. Oral aperture generally thin, fresh specimens translucent.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This genus included two sets of species: one presents a hexagonal apex with similar intercostal spaces and equidistant primary ribs usually reaching the oral aperture, resulting in a hexagonal section also at the aperture. In the other group, the dorsal and two laterodorsal ribs are more prominent while ventral ones are less noticeable. This configuration results in intercostals spaces with different size and a circular or subcircular oral section in adults specimens. Further studies are needed to test the characters consistency for each of the above mentioned set of species and the need to split them in two different genera.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF2FFB0FF54FBAAFC9ED20C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF3FFB2FF54FEB8F955D439.text	CC6E8784FFF3FFB2FF54FEB8F955D439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradentalium gouldii (Dall 1889) Dall 1889	<div><p>Paradentalium gouldii (Dall, 1889) n.comb.</p><p>Figs. 6–10</p><p>+ Dentalium gouldii Dall 1889: 424; 1890: 295; Rios 1994: 305, pl. 105, fig. 1495; Steiner and Kabat 2004: 595; Gracia et al. 2005: pl. 1, fig. 2.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii: Henderson 1920: 29; Scarabino 1975: 183 (no pl. 58, fig. 892); Scarabino 1985: 197, pl. 71, fig. 1007.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii gouldii: Henderson 1920: 30, pl. 2, figs 6, 7.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii portoricense Henderson 1920: 30, pl. 2, fig. 5; Emerson 1952: 2; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 222, fig. 34c.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) gouldii colonense Henderson 1920: 31, pl. 3, fig. 6.</p><p>+ Dentalium gouldii colonense: Altena 1971: 86 .</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Paralectotype MCZ 7707 of Paradentalium gouldii; IBUFRJ 10796, sta C76, 4 dd; IBUFRJ 14297, sta A3, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14298, sta C13, 2 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: South Carolina (Dall 1889); Puerto Rico (Henderson 1920); Surinam (Altena 1971); Colombia (Gracia et al. 2005); Brazil: off Amapá (Scarabino 1994), Bahia and Espírito Santo (this study). No specimen recorded alive; shells recorded 47– 260m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Paradentalium gouldii shares the outline with P. americanum (Chenu, 1843), with hexagonal section at apex and aperture, differing in having intercostal spaces longitudinally sculptured by very fine striae. One of the paralectotypes, MCZ 7707, is much eroded making it impossible to verify the longitudinal sculpture (Fig. 6). Pilsbry and Sharp (1987) suggest the synonymy between P. gouldii and P. americanum, but at this moment we prefer to treat them as valid species and our specimens are identified as Paradentalium gouldii mainly because of the presence of longitudinal sculpture between ribs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF3FFB2FF54FEB8F955D439	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF0FFB2FF54FE18FBB6D27E.text	CC6E8784FFF0FFB2FF54FE18FBB6D27E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradentalium disparile (Orbigny 1853) Orbigny 1853	<div><p>Paradentalium disparile (Orbigny, 1853) n.comb.</p><p>Figs. 11–15</p><p>+ Dentalium disparile Orbigny 1853: 202, pl. 25, figs. 14–17; Dall 1889: 424; Scarabino 1973: pl. 1, fig. 8; Matthews and Rios 1974: 47.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) disparile: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 56, pl. 14, figs. 16–21; Henderson 1920: 47, pl. 6, figs. 4–8; Maury 1922: 35; Haas 1953: 203; Lange de Morretes 1949: 53; Turner 1955: 311; Penna 1972: 230; Penna­Neme 1974: 111; Abbott 1974: 385, fig. 4505; Almeida and Oliveira 2000: 48, fig. 2.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentale) disparile: Rios 1970: 144 .</p><p>Dentalium (Heteroschismoides) callithrix (non Dall 1889): Penna 1972: 231.</p><p>+ Antalis disparile: Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 72, fig. 1012; 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1500; Díaz and Puyana 1994: 256, pl. 71, fig. 1040; García­Valencia and Díaz 2000: 79; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440; 2004: 584.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntypes BMNH 1854.10.4.465, 3 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Martinique (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell up to 40 mm long, white, gently curved. Six smooth primary ribs, one in the concave side, four laterally, one ventrally irregular hexagonal apical section. Oral section subcircular. Secondary ribs present. Pipe often observed at apex.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 7744, sta D30, 19 lv; IBUFRJ 8060, sta AV27, 7 lv; IBUFRJ 8068, sta VV29, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 8079, sta AV28, 82 lv; IBUFRJ 9091, sta C66, 10 dd; IBUFRJ 10171, sta C67, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 10380, sta C5, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 10484, sta VV24, 5 dd; IBUFRJ 14299, sta C65, 6 dd; IBUFRJ 14300, sta VV31, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida; West Indies: Sabanilla; Cuba; Trinidad (Henderson 1920; Gray 1854; Turner 1955); Colombia (García­Valencia &amp; Díaz 2000); Brazil: Amapá to Santa Catarina (Henderson 1920; Jaeckel 1927; Rios 1970; Penna 1972; Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1985, 1994). Living 5 to 50 m (Penna 1972), shells to 103 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF0FFB2FF54FE18FBB6D27E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF1FFB4FF54FEB8FCE3D499.text	CC6E8784FFF1FFB4FF54FEB8FCE3D499.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paradentalium infractum (Odhner 1931) Odhner 1931	<div><p>Paradentalium infractum (Odhner, 1931) n.comb.</p><p>Figs. 16–19</p><p>+ Dentalium infractum Odhner 1931: 1, pl. 1, figs. 1–3, 8, 10, 12, pl. 2, figs. 15–17, 22, 23. + Dentalium (Dentalium) infractum: Scarabino 1973: 195, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) infractum: Penna­Neme 1974: 110, figs. 2, 4, 5, 6.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) elegantulum Penna­Neme 1974: 108, figs. 1, 3.</p><p>+ Antalis infractum: Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 72, fig. 1013; 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1501. + Antalis infracta: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440; 2004: 602.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype SMNH 1554; Paratypes SMNH 6337, 12 lv, SMNH 6338, 4 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>"Küste von [Coast of] Uruguay ", 33°00’S – 51°10’W, 80 m (by original designation) but corrected to South Brazil by Scarabino (1973).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell up to 49 mm long, slender, slightly curved, white to yellowish, polished, shining. Six thin primary ribs on posterior half of the shell, dorsal one larger than the others. Anterior half smooth. Secondary ribs present, number variable. Intercostals spaces straight to convex. Apical section hexagonal, oral section circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype MZUSP 18699; Paratypes MZUSP 18700, 4 dd; MZUSP 18702, 2 dd, of D. elegantulum; IBUFRJ 7900, sta AV10,1 dd; IBUFRJ 8024, sta D1, 1 lv; IBUFRJ 7981, sta D4, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14240, sta Y5, 7 lv, 34 dd; IBUFRJ 14241, sta C27, 3 lv, 8 dd; IBUFRJ 14242, sta 27, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14243, sta R2#1, 12 dd; IBUFRJ 14244, sta R3#2, 2 dd; MORG 13864, off São Luiz, Maranhão, 33 m, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazil: Maranhão (this study), Alagoas, Bahia to Rio Grande do Sul (Odhner 1931; Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1973, 1975, 1985, 1994); Uruguay (Scarabino 1973). Living 40–190 m, shells 5 to 269 m (this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Odhner (1931) described the species from off Uruguay but, as observed by Scarabino (1973), the latitude given by the author corresponds, in fact, to South Brazil. Penna­Neme (1974) identified specimen number MNRJ 3646 as one of the paratypes of D. elegantulum, but it could not be found in MNRJ.</p><p>Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881) and Paradentalium disparile (Orbigny, 1853) are the most similar species to P. infractum in the western Atlantic. Paradentalium infractum and A.</p><p>cerata shared the pattern of alternating sculptured and smooth portions along the shell extent but the latter showns an apex with nine to twelve ribs while P. infractum shown a hexagonal apical section. Additionally, A. cerata has microscopic reticulation in the intercostals spaces (see Fig. 22). The apex is composed of six ribs in both Paradentalium disparile and P. infractum, but in P. d i s p a r i l e the secondary ribs are more numerous and strongest occurring over the entire shell ( P. disparile has no smooth portion).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF1FFB4FF54FEB8FCE3D499	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF6FFB6FF54FB4AFB09D1C1.text	CC6E8784FFF6FFB6FF54FB4AFB09D1C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antalis cerata (Dall 1881) Dall 1881	<div><p>Antalis cerata (Dall, 1881)</p><p>Figs. 20–22</p><p>+ Dentalium ceratum Dall 1881: 38; 1889: 424, pl. 26, fig. 5, pl. 27, fig. 2; Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897: 57, pl. 5, figs. 4, 5.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum: Henderson 1920: 49, pl. 7, figs. 4–7; Maury 1922: 35; Turner 1955: 311; Abbott 1974: 385; Penna­Neme 1974: 107.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum ceratum: Henderson 1920: 50, pl. 7, fig. 2.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum flavum Henderson 1920: 51, pl. 7, fig. 1.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum tenax: Henderson 1920: 52, pl. 7, fig. 3.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) ceratum varians Scarabino 1973: 196, pl. 1, fig. 4, 4a–d.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentale) ceratum: Emerson 1952: 3; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 224.</p><p>+ Antalis ceratum: Scarabino 1979: 110, pl. 1, fig. 2; Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 2, fig. 1010; 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1498; Redfern 2001: 190, pl. 76, figs. 779.</p><p>+ Antalis cerata: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440; 2004: 575.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype USNM 95326 (designated by Henderson, 1920: 50); Paralectotypes USNM 887458, 3 dd, MCZ 7697, 1 dd, MCZ 7706, 5 dd.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 29 mm long, slender, regularly tapering, slightly curved, light yellow in posterior half. Nine to twelve round, smooth primary ribs. Straight intercostals spaces, striae forming reticulum. Secondary ribs present. Anterior third smooth. Apex polygonal, V­shaped notch present. Oral aperture circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype and Paralectotype MCZ 7697 of Antalis cerata; Paratype of D. ceratum varians MZUSP 25488 (ex MHNM 2703); IBUFRJ 14259, sta C18, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 10993, sta C38, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14253, sta A3, 28 dd; IBUFRJ 14276, sta C13, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14277, sta R4#1, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14278, sta VV24, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14279, sta 504, 2 dd</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida, of mouth of Mississippi river, Key West, Sand Key, Triumph reef, Sambo reef; Cuba: off Habana, Martinique and Barbados; Yucatan bank; Puerto Rico: Mayaguez; Barbados (Dall &amp; Simpson 1902; Henderson 1920; Sander &amp; Lalli 1982); Brazil: Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul (Penna 1972; Penna­Neme 1974; Fischer­Piette 1973; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994); Uruguay: off Rio de la Plata (Scarabino 1973). Living 32 to 338 m (Penna­Neme 1974), shells down to 1960 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF6FFB6FF54FB4AFB09D1C1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF4FFB7FF54FAA0FCDCD339.text	CC6E8784FFF4FFB7FF54FAA0FCDCD339.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antalis circumcincta (Watson 1879) Watson 1879	<div><p>Antalis circumcincta (Watson, 1879)</p><p>Figs. 23–28</p><p>+ Dentalium circumcinctum Watson 1879: 513; 1886: 7, pl. 1, fig. 7.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) circumcinctum: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 88, pl. 8, fig. 26; Henderson 1920: 68, pl. 11, fig. 7.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Graptacme) circumcinctum: Lange de Morretes 1949: 54; Abbott 1974: 386.</p><p>+ Antalis circumcinctum: Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 72, fig. 1011; 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1499; Sumida and Pires­Vanin 1997: 781.</p><p>+ Antalis circumcincta: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440; 2004: 576.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype (here selected, see remarks) BMNH 1887.2.9.30; Paralectotypes BMNH 1887.2.9.26, 2 dd, BMNH 1887.2.9.29, 1 dd, BMNH 1887.2.9.24­25, 2 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>off Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil (here restricted), Challenger sta 122, 09 °05’S, 34°50’W, 639 m.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 50 mm long, slightly curved, slender, white. Low primary ribs (15­20), crossed by transversal lines giving an irregular aspect to the whole surface. Apex simple or V­ or U­shaped notch on convex side. Apical, oral sections subcircular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype and Paralectotypes of A. circumcincta; IBUFRJ 8083, sta 517, 15 dd; IBUFRJ 10912, sta C21f, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 10925, sta C35, 19 dd; IBUFRJ 14301; sta 41, 6 dd; IBUFRJ 14302, sta A3, 6 dd; IBUFRJ 14303, sta R2#3, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14304, sta 509, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14305, sta 538, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Caribbean Sea: off Bermuda (Watson 1886, Abbott 1974); West Indies: St. Thomas (Watson 1879); Brazil: off Pernambuco, Recife (Watson 1879), Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (this study) and São Paulo (Sumida &amp; Pires­Vanin 1997). Empty shells 247 to 1000 m (this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Watson (1879) described this species from material collected in the West Indies, Northern Brazil and from Setubal, off Portugal (Challenger sta 2, 38 °10.8’N, 09°14’W). This last lot, BMNH 1887.2.9.24­25, consists of two specimens here considered as belonging to a different species. So, with the express taxonomic purpose of taxon stabilization (ICZN, Art. 74.7.3), we are selecting the larger specimens gathered off Pernambuco (BMNH 1887.2.9.30) as the lectotype (Fig. 23). We choose this specimen because it agrees perfectly with the concept of Antalis circumcincta and was the specimen figured at Watson (1886: pl. 1, fig. 7). Watson (1886: 7) subsequently recorded two specimens from off Bermuda, which are in the type collection, BMNH 1887.2.9.27­28, but Steiner and Kabat (2004) stated that these specimens are not types.</p><p>Antalis obscurum (Dall, 1889), reported from the Lesser Antilles to Brazil (Steiner &amp; Kabat 2004), seems to be a junior synonym of A. circumcincta, but the assessment of this species is beyond the scope of this contribution. The high number of ribs and polygonal apical section distinguishes A. circumcincta from the other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF4FFB7FF54FAA0FCDCD339	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFF5FFA8FF54F918FA17D399.text	CC6E8784FFF5FFA8FF54F918FA17D399.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antalis taphria (Dall 1889) Dall 1889	<div><p>Antalis taphria (Dall, 1889)</p><p>Figs. 29–32</p><p>+ Dentalium taphrium Dall 1889: 422; Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 58.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Antalis) taphrium: Henderson 1920: 53, pl. 7, fig. 8; Maury 1922: 35; Turner 1955: 312; Penna­Neme 1974: 108.</p><p>+ Antalis taphrium: Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 72, fig. 1015; 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1502; Cabral and Mello 1994: 35, fig. 5.</p><p>+ Antalis taphris: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440.</p><p>+ Antalis taphria: Steiner and Kabat 2004: 653.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype USNM 95320 (designated by Henderson, 1920: 53); Paralectotypes USNM 92819, 2 dd, USNM 93119, 2 dd, USNM 93120, 14 dd, MCZ 7690, 8 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Between Mississipi delta and Cedar Keys, USA, USBF sta 2405, 28 º45’N, 85º02’W, 55 m (subsequent designation by Henderson, 1920: 53).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 21 mm long, regularly tapering, curvature accentuated towards posterior end, fresh specimens translucent light apple green. Smooth primary ribs (12–14), secondary ribs present, all fade near oral aperture. Intercostals spaces straight, reticulate sculptured. Apex polygonal, shallow V­shaped notch at convex side. Oral section circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Paralectotype MCZ 7690 of Antalis taphria; IBUFRJ 10576, sta C22f,1 dd; IBUFRJ 10705, sta C36r, 4 dd; IBUFRJ 14254, sta 34, 1 lv, 11 dd; IBUFRJ 14255, sta 45, 1 lv, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14256, sta Y7, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14257, sta 42, 2 lv, 37 dd; IBUFRJ 14258, sta C76, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14260, sta C13, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14261, sta 13, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14262, sta C34, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina, Florida (Henderson 1920); Caribbean Sea: Cuba, off Habana (Dall 1889); Puerto Rico (Dall &amp; Simpson 1902); Yucatan (Turner 1955); Brazil: Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rochas (Matthews &amp; Kempf 1970), Amapá to Rio de Janeiro (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994). Living 41 to 90 m, shells, probably washed down, 1170 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is close to A. cerata differing from it by a shorter shell length, higher expansion rate, higher curvature mainly at the posterior fourth, greater number of ribs (9–12 in A. cerata and 12–14 in A. taphria), green color in fresh specimens and relatively shorter smooth portion of shell.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFF5FFA8FF54F918FA17D399	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFEBFFA9FF54FEB8FBC1D7A6.text	CC6E8784FFEBFFA9FF54FEB8FBC1D7A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccodentalium Sacco 1896	<div><p>Coccodentalium Sacco, 1896</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium radula Schröter, 1784 (original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium to large, nearly straight, solid, polished, white, usually with dark brown markings. Six primary ribs, secondary ribs present reaching oral area. Rib section round, irregular due to nodules, cancellate throughout. Intercostal spaces concave, transversally sculptured. Apex with flat V­shaped notch on ventral side, lumen circular. Section hexagonal to polygonal at apex, subpolygonal at aperture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFEBFFA9FF54FEB8FBC1D7A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFEBFFAAFF54FCBAFBF5D149.text	CC6E8784FFEBFFAAFF54FCBAFBF5D149.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Coccodentalium carduus (Dall 1889) Dall 1889	<div><p>Coccodentalium carduus (Dall, 1889)</p><p>Figs. 33–38</p><p>+ Dentalium carduus Dall 1889: 423, pl. 27, fig. 3.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) carduus: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 30, pl. 7, fig. 6; Henderson 1920: 33, pl. 3, figs. 4,5,7.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Fissidentalium) floridense Henderson 1920: 64, pl. 10, figs. 1,2,6,7; Penna­Neme 1974: 113; Scarabino 1975: 184, pl. 59, fig. 902.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Coccodentalium) carduus: Emerson 1952: 2.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Coccodentalium) carduum: Abbott 1974: 384, fig. 4497.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Dentalium) carduum: Turner 1955: 311.</p><p>Dentalium (Fissidentalium) amphialum (non Watson 1879): Penna­Neme 1974: 113.</p><p>+ Fissidentalium floridense: Scarabino 1985: 199, pl. 72, fig. 1021; Sumida and Pires­Vanin 1997: 781.</p><p>+ Fissidentalium carduum: Scarabino 1994: 306, pl. 106, fig. 1509; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 444.</p><p>+ Fissidentalium carduus: Steiner and Kabat 2004: 574.</p><p>+ Coccodentalium carduum: Steiner 1998: 81.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype MCZ 7692 (designated by Henderson, 1920: 33); Paralectotypes USNM 95321, 1 dd, USNM 95322, 1 dd, MCZ 7691, 1 dd.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell long (to 89 mm in length), slightly curved, regularly tapering, yellowish grey. Six primary ribs, secondary ribs present, attaining rapidily similar size of primary ones, transverse riblets present producing a rasp­like surface. Apex with a deep, narrow slit at the convex side. Oral section polygonal, circular to slightly dorsoventrally compressed.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype of Coccodentalium carduus; IBUFRJ 13786, sta 50, 19 dd; IBUFRJ 14245, sta C13, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14246, sta A3, 1 lv, 14 dd; IBUFRJ 14306, sta 538, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14307, sta 19f, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14308, sta 20, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina, Florida (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: Barbados (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Maceió to Rio Grande do Sul (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994). Living 180 m (Penna­Neme 1974) to 247 m (this study), shells 40 to 1980 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species is commonly included in Fissidentalium but the hexagonal apex (Fig. 34) and cancellated sculpture (Fig. 37) clearly place it in Coccodentalium . The six rib scheme is better observed in the apex of young specimens. It could be confused with Paradentalium gouldii or P. americanum that also have a hexagonal apical section, but C. carduus is more tapering and the pattern of the transverse sculpture as well as the apical slit are observed already in early stages of development.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFEBFFAAFF54FCBAFBF5D149	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE8FFAAFF54FB28FC54D356.text	CC6E8784FFE8FFAAFF54FB28FC54D356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graptacme Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Graptacme Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium eboreum Conrad, 1846 (subsequent designation by Woodring, 1925: 201).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium to large, slightly to well curved, fragile, polished to shiny, except apical portion; translucent white or salmon near the apex. Fine, close longitudinal striae, prominent near apex; anterior half of shell usually smooth. Apex simple, truncate with apical callus, lumen variable in shape, or with deep irregular slit at dorsal side or laterally disposed. Circular in section, oral aperture generally thin, translucent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE8FFAAFF54FB28FC54D356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE8FFABFF54F92AFBABD301.text	CC6E8784FFE8FFABFF54F92AFBABD301.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graptacme calamus (Dall 1889) Dall 1889	<div><p>Graptacme calamus (Dall, 1889)</p><p>Figs. 39–43</p><p>+ Dentalium calamus Dall 1889: 421 .</p><p>+ Dentalium (Graptacme) calamus: Henderson 1920: 72, pl. 12, figs. 7,8; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 222, fig. 34h; Penna 1972: 230; Abbott 1974: 386, fig. 4519; Penna­Neme 1974: 112; Scarabino 1975: 184, pl. 59, fig. 904.</p><p>Fustiaria (Laevidentalium) perlongum (non Dall 1881): Scarabino 1973: 197 (in part). + Graptacme calamus: Scarabino 1985: 198, pl. 72, fig. 1016; 1994: 307, pl. 106, fig. 1504; Cabral</p><p>and Mello 1994: 36, figs. 6,7; Redfern 2001: 190, pl. 76, fig. 780; Steiner and Kabat 2004: 572. + Graptacme calama: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 446.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 23 mm length, regularly tapering, translucent ashy white. Shell surface covered by fine, equal longitudinal striae. Apex oblique, internal wall of the lumen protrude, forming an apical plug with an irregular slit sagitally disposed. Apical, oral sections circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype of Graptacme calamus; IBUFRJ 14231, sta VV16, 10 dd; IBUFRJ 14232, sta 51, 5 dd; MORG 39632, sta VV16, 3 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina, Florida (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: Cuba; Puerto Rico; Brazil: Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul (Penna 1972; Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994). Living 17 to 124 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Four species of the genus Graptacme were recorded from Brazilian waters (Scarabino 1994): G. c a l a m u s, G. eborea (Conrad, 1846), G. perlonga and G. semistriolata . Within these, only G. eborea was absent in the material obtained in REVIZEE program expeditions. The plug­shaped apex, even if variable in outline, and the length of the slit (Figs. 42 and 43), together with the presence of the striae in the whole shell surface easily distinguish G. calamus from the others species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE8FFABFF54F92AFBABD301	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE9FFADFF54F960FA8FD499.text	CC6E8784FFE9FFADFF54F960FA8FD499.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graptacme perlonga (Dall 1881) Dall 1881	<div><p>Graptacme perlonga (Dall, 1881)</p><p>Figs. 44–45</p><p>+ Dentalium perlongum Dall 1881: 36; 1889: 76, pl. 27, fig. 6.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Laevidentalium) perlongum: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 104, pl. 18, figs. 10, 11; Henderson 1920: 75, pl. 9, fig. 1; Maury 1922: 38; Lange de Morretes 1949: 54; Turner 1955: 313; Rios 1970: 144.</p><p>+ Graptacme perlongum: Scarabino 1985: 199, pl. 72, fig. 1018; 1994: 307, pl. 105, fig. 1506. + Graptacme perlonga: Steiner &amp; Kabat 2001: 446; 2004: 629.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype MCZ 7752 (designated by Turner, 1955: 319 as " Holotype "); Paralectotypes MCZ 7660, 1 dd, MCZ 7661, 1 dd, MCZ 7663, 1 dd, MCZ 7664, 3 dd.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell long (to 90 mm), slender, solid, almost straight. Surface smooth but apical portion shows longitudinal striae. Apex with a U­shaped notch on ventral side.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype and Paralectotype MCZ 7660 of Graptacme perlonga; IBUFRJ 13866, sta 517, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14309, off Bacia de Campos, Rio de Janeiro, 1000–1600 m, 3 lv, 20 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina to Florida; gulf of Mexico; Grenada (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Ceará (Henderson 1920), Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (this study). Living 1000–1600 m (this study), empty shells 200 to 4850 m (Steiner &amp; Kabat 2004).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Turner (1955: 319) recognized the specimen from MCZ 7752 as the only one that agrees with the original description and illustration of Graptacme perlonga, wrongly using the term holotype to designate this specimen since Dall (1881) did not designate a holotype. Steiner &amp; Kabat (2004) considered Turner’s " holotype " as the lectotype. Turner’s use of the term " holotype " falls within the conditions of ICZN Art. 74.5 to accept a " holotype " indication as a lectotype designation, because Turner (1955) knewn that Dall (1881) did not select any specimen as holotype. Turner’s lectotype designation is valid.</p><p>Henderson (1920) cited specimens from Rio de Janeiro and off Rio de la Plata, Uruguay, the latter also indicated by Scarabino (1973). Penna­Neme (1974) recorded this species from the coast of Maranhão, at Ilha Grande­Rio de Janeiro and south of Brazil. Cabral and Mello (1994: 38, fig. 9) reported it for the states of Ceará and Alagoas. We do not consider those records to belong to G. perlonga, because all were based on specimens gathered in depths ranging from the shore to 170 m, while this species has a bathyalabyssal distribution being collected from depths greater than 200 m (Steiner &amp; Kabat 2004). Additionally, we examined the material from Scarabino (1973) and Penna­Neme (1974) studies, which prooved to be misidentified specimens. Recently, Scarabino (2003) stated that G. perlonga records from off Argentina were obviously due to a mistake in the station number, as suspected previously by Henderson (1920), who added a question mark to this record. Thus, we conclude that the southernmost geographical distribution limit for this species is off Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE9FFADFF54F960FA8FD499	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFEFFFAFFF54FDF8F985D499.text	CC6E8784FFEFFFAFFF54FDF8F985D499.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Graptacme semistriolata (Guilding 1834) Guilding 1834	<div><p>Graptacme semistriolata (Guilding, 1834)</p><p>Figs. 46–47</p><p>+ Dentalium semistriolatum Guilding 1834: 34, pl. 3, figs. 1–5.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Graptacme) semistriolatum: Henderson 1920: 69, pl. 11, figs. 1–3, 8, 9; Maury 1922: 37; Turner 1955: 313; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 224, fig. 34a; Abbott 1974: 386; Penna­Neme 1974: 111.</p><p>+ Graptacme semistriolatum: Scarabino 1985: 199, pl. 72, fig. 1019; 1994: 307, pl. 106, fig. 1507; Cabral and Mello 1994: 38, fig. 10; Díaz and Puyana 1994: 256, pl. 71, fig. 1042.</p><p>+ Graptacme semistriolata: Redfern 2001: 190, pl. 76, figs. 781a, 781b.</p><p>Type material</p><p>not located.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>"in arenosis Oceani Caribaei" (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium (to 46 mm), rapidly tapering, well curved. Translucent, brilliant, salmon tint at apex, alternating opaque bands throughout. Numerous longitudinal striae at apex; remainder smooth. Long, narrow, irregular slit at apex usually placed laterally. Section circular throughout.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 14249, sta 42, 5 lv, 9 dd; IBUFRJ 14247, sta 49, 1 lv, 2 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Bermuda and Florida; Caribbean Sea: off St. Martin; Cuba (Henderson 1920); Bahamas (Redfern 2001); Virgin Islands (Turner 1955); Progreso, Southern Mexico (Baker 1891); Brazil: Amapá to São Paulo (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994). Living 20 to 75 (Penna­Neme 1974) and in unknown condition down to 150 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Steiner and Kabat (2004) considered G. semistriolata as a junior synonym of G. semistriata (Turton, 1819), from tropical East Pacific waters. According to these authors, this pattern of distribution could suggest the existence of sibling species. We prefer to maintain both species as valid until further taxonomic and/or molecular studies better resolve their status.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFEFFFAFFF54FDF8F985D499	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFEDFFAFFF54FD02F99FD144.text	CC6E8784FFEDFFAFFF54FD02F99FD144.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fustiaria Stoliczka 1868	<div><p>Fustiaria Stoliczka, 1868</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium circinatum Sowerby, 1823 (subsequent designation by Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897: 127).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium, well curved, fragile but not thin, shiny, translucent white, yellow, orange, red, lacking sculpture. Apex with long, regular slit or short V­shape notch. Section circular throughout.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFEDFFAFFF54FD02F99FD144	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFEDFFA0FF54FB25FB31D6D1.text	CC6E8784FFEDFFA0FF54FB25FB31D6D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897) Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Fustiaria liodon (Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897)</p><p>Figs. 48–52</p><p>+ Dentalium liodon Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 107, pl. 21, figs. 37–39; Matthews and Rios 1974: 47.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Laevidentalium) liodon: Henderson 1920: 76, pl. 12, figs. 2–4; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 225, fig. 34b; Rios 1970: 144; Penna 1972: 231; Penna­Neme 1974: 112.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Laevidentalium) liodon liodon: Henderson 1920: 76.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Laevidentalium) liodon alloschismum Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 108, pl. 21, figs. 40–42; Henderson 1920: 77, pl. 13, figs. 1, 4–6.</p><p>+Laevidentalium liodon: Scarabino 1985: 199, pl. 73, fig. 1023; 1994: 308, pl. 107, fig. 1511; Cabral and Mello 1994: 39, figs. 11, 12; Díaz and Puyana 1994: 256, pl. 71, fig. 1043.</p><p>+ Fustiaria liodon: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 445; 2004: 611.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype ANSP 35554.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>St. Martin, West Indies (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium (to 34 mm), slender, slightly curved, regularly tapering, translucent, glossy, brilliant. Without sculpture. Apex with narrow slit or V­shape notch on the ventral side. Section circular throughout.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida; Caribbean Sea: St. Martin (Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897); Barbados; Antigua; Honduras (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Amapá to Rio de Janeiro, including Fernando de Noronha Island (Penna 1972; Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994). Living 26 to 59 m (Penna­Neme 1974), shells down to 150 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Pilsbry and Sharp (1897) noted that the apical slit can be positioned on the convex or on the concave side, or even laterally. However, the material examined in this study had shown only ventrally located slit (Figs. 51 and 52).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFEDFFA0FF54FB25FB31D6D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE2FFA1FF54FBB0FA00D659.text	CC6E8784FFE2FFA1FF54FBB0FA00D659.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fustiaria stenoschiza (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897) Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Fustiaria stenoschiza (Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897)</p><p>Figs. 53–56</p><p>+ Dentalium (Fustiaria) stenoschizum Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 128, pl. 19, figs. 10–15; Henderson 1920: 86, pl. 15, figs. 8, 9; Abbott 1974: 387, fig. 4529.</p><p>+ Dentalium stenoschizum: Dall and Simpson 1901: 457.</p><p>+ Fustiaria stenoschiza: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 445; 2004: 647.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntypes ANSP 71081, 1 dd, ANSP 320994, 1 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>West Indies (by original designation).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Syntype ANSP 71081 of Fustiaria stenoschiza; IBUFRJ 10579, sta C22f, 8 dd; IBUFRJ 10587, sta C62, 1 lv, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14248, sta 42, 3 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: West Indies (Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897); Porto Rico; Barbados (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Espírito Santo (this study). Living 96 m (present paper), shells 80 to 110 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>This species was reported from Indonesia (Boissevain 1906) and Australia (Lamprell &amp; Healy 1998). Scarabino (1995) consider specimens identified by Boissevain (1906) as D. stenoschizum to represent F. nipponica (Yokoyama, 1922) . Since the F. stenoschiza records from Australia in Lamprell and Healy (1998) were based on Boissevain (1906), their records must also be attributed to F. nipponica; the distribution of F. stenoschiza is, therefore, restrited to the western Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea.</p><p>Fustiaria stenoschiza differs from F. liodon by the long and regular slit (Figs. 54 and 56) and more rapidly tapering.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE2FFA1FF54FBB0FA00D659	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE3FFA1FF54FC42FCD8D004.text	CC6E8784FFE3FFA1FF54FC42FCD8D004.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episiphon Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Episiphon Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium sowerbyi Guilding, 1834 (subsequent designation by Suter, 1913: 821).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium, slightly curved, fragile, polished, shiny, white, cream, orange or red. Surface smooth, rarely minutely annulated; needle­shaped. Section subcircular or subtriangular, slightly compressed dorsoventrally, more on ventral side. Apex simple or truncate, with terminal callus, lumen circular, small. Short terminal pipe present.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE3FFA1FF54FC42FCD8D004	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE3FFA2FF54FA65FD7AD021.text	CC6E8784FFE3FFA2FF54FA65FD7AD021.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episiphon didymum (Watson 1879) Watson 1879	<div><p>Episiphon didymum (Watson, 1879)</p><p>Fig. 57</p><p>+ Dentalium didymum Watson 1879: 517; 1886: 10, pl. 1, fig. 11.</p><p>+ Dentalium ensiculus var. didymum: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 123, pl. 7, fig. 20.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) didymum: Henderson 1920: 83, pl. 14, fig. 10; Maury 1922: 39; Turner 1955: 314.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Episiphon) johnsoni Emerson 1952: 5, pl. 1, fig. 2; Penna­Neme 1974: 114.</p><p>+ Episiphon didymum: Scarabino 1985: 200, pl. 73, fig. 1024; 1994: 308, pl. 107, fig. 1512; Díaz and Puyana 1994: 257, pl. 71, fig. 1044; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 444; 2004: 584.</p><p>+ Episiphon didymus: Redfern 2001: 190, pl. 76, figs. 782a, 782b.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.43–44, 2 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>off Culebra Island, Challenger sta 24, 18 º38’30"N, 65º05’30"W, 712 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 10 mm long, slender, solid, almost straight, yellow­white, smooth, glossy. Apical, oral diameters nearly equal. Apical callous present, non­centric, lumen small. An extended pipe often present. Section subtriangular to suboval throughout.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 14310, sta C13, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Caribbean Sea: South Dry Tortugas (Turner 1955); Porto Rico (Emerson 1952); Barbados (Henderson 1920); North of St. Thomas, Virgin Islands (Emerson 1952), off Culebra Island (Watson 1879; Emerson 1952); Colombia (Díaz &amp; Puyana 1994); Bahamas (Redfern 2001); Brazil: off Amapá and Maranhão (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1985, 1994), Bahia (this study). Living 439 m (Emerson 1952), shells 60 to 830 m (Emerson 1952; Penna­Neme 1974).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Emerson (1952) stated that mature specimens range from 17 to 28 mm long, with the Brazilian specimen being shorter. The shell illustrated by Abbott (1974: 387, fig. 4525) as Dentalium (Bathoxiphus) didymum do not fit to this species, being notably more curved.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE3FFA2FF54FA65FD7AD021	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE0FFA4FF54FA00FB7FD1A9.text	CC6E8784FFE0FFA4FF54FA00FB7FD1A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding 1834) Guilding 1834	<div><p>Episiphon sowerbyi (Guilding, 1834)</p><p>Figs. 58–59</p><p>+ Dentalium sowerbyi Guilding 1834: 35, pl. 3, fig. 7.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Episiphon) sowerbyi: Henderson 1920: 77; Maury 1922: 38; Turner 1955: 314; Abbott 1974: 387.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Episiphon) sowerbyi sowerbyi: Henderson 1920: 79, pl. 13, figs. 2, 3, 10.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Episiphon) sowerbyi pelliceri Henderson 1920: 80, pl. 13, figs. 7–9.</p><p>+ Episiphon sowerbyi: Scarabino 1985: 200, pl. 73, fig. 1025; 1994: 308, pl. 107, fig. 1513; Redfern 2001: 191, pl. 76, fig. 783; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 444; 2004: 645.</p><p>Type material</p><p>not located.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>"in arenosis Oceani Caribaei" (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>shell small (to 10 mm), slender, fine, slightly curved, translucent yellow. Close rings at apical portion fade through center of shell. Apical callous conspicuous, usually with short pipe. Oral, apical sections sligthly laterally compressed, lumen wide.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 10967, sta 1f, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14250, sta C13, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14251, sta 504, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14311, sta 52, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina, Florida (Henderson 1920; Turner 1955); gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea: Cuba; Barbados (Henderson 1920; Lewis 1965); Brazil: off Amapá and Canyon of Amazon river (Scarabino 1985, 1994), Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (this study). Living 13 m to 150–200 m (Lewis 1965), shells down to 830 m (present paper).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Episiphon sowerbyi differs from Ep. didymum by the presence of transversal rings in shell surface. This ringed sculpture fades at the middle of the shell in our specimens, but entire sculptured specimens were mentioned by Henderson (1920: pl. 13, fig. 10). Figure 59 shown detail of the ring sculpture under SEM magnification, and we could observe a papillated pattern of sculpture in these rings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE0FFA4FF54FA00FB7FD1A9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE6FFA5FF54F9A8FC97D451.text	CC6E8784FFE6FFA5FF54F9A8FC97D451.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entalina Monterosato 1872	<div><p>Entalina Monterosato, 1872</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium tetragonum Brocchi, 1814 (original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium to large, well curved, solid, polished translucent white when fresh, chalky when dead. Four to five primary ribs, secondary riblets present. Rib section flatrounded, simple­bifurcated. Intercostal spaces straight­convex, smooth­longitudinally sculptured. Apex simple. Section pentagonal at apex; pentagonal­quadrate at aperture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE6FFA5FF54F9A8FC97D451	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE7FFA6FF54FE30FBE5D4B1.text	CC6E8784FFE7FFA6FF54FE30FBE5D4B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entalina platamodes (Watson 1879) Watson 1879	<div><p>Entalina platamodes (Watson, 1879)</p><p>Figs. 60–61</p><p>+ Siphonodentalium platamodes Watson 1879: 519; 1886: 13, pl. 2, fig. 4.</p><p>+ Entalina platamodes: Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 133, pl. 23, figs. 3–5; Henderson 1920: 87, pl. 15, figs. 1, 4, 5, 7; Emerson 1952: 7, pl. 1, fig. 1; Turner 1955: 314; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 222; Abbott 1974: 390, fig. 4585; Penna­Neme 1974: 114; Scarabino 1985: 200, pl. 73, fig. 1027; 1994: 308, pl. 107, fig. 1514; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 443; 2004: 630; Gracia et al. 2005: 332, fig. 5.</p><p>+ Entalina quadrata Henderson 1920: 88, pl. 15, figs. 2, 3, 6, 10.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntypes BMNH 1887.2.9.61–62, 3 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>West Indies: Culebra Island, Challenger sta 24, 18 º38’30"N, 65º05’30"W, 712 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>shell medium size (to 10 mm), markedly curved, fresh specimens translucent. Five primary ribs, secondary ribs more notorious at angles of intercostals spaces. Section pentagonal at apex, tetragonal at aperture, pre­apical callus thin.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 10032, sta A3, 4 dd; IBUFRJ 10714, sta C36r, 7 dd; IBUFRJ 10934, sta C38f, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 13784, sta 2f, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 13785, sta 5r, 4 dd; IBUFRJ 13787, sta 20, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 13788, sta 1f, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 13789, sta 517, 5 dd; IBUFRJ 13790, sta C13, 18 dd; IBUFRJ 13791, sta 25A, 31 dd; IBUFRJ 13792, sta 504, 11 dd; IBUFRJ 13793, sta 52, 455 dd; IBUFRJ 13810, sta R4#1, 8 dd; IBUFRJ 13811, sta R3#2, 11 dd; MORG 40089, sta C36r, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: Cuba (Turner 1955); Colombia (Gracia et al. 2005); Porto Rico (Emerson 1952); Culebra Island (Watson 1879); Brazil: off Alagoas (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1985, 1994), Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (this study). Living 290 m (Penna­Neme 1974), shells 20 to 830 m (this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Henderson (1920) based his description of E. quadrata on a single specimen, which shows a tetragonal section throughout and many longitudinal riblets at intercostals spaces. Emerson (1952) studied five lots, totaling over 200 specimens of E. platamodes, and verified a variation in the degree of expression of dorsal ribs which produces shells with pentagonal and/or tetragonal sections. Our material seems to have less longitudinal riblets than the "numerous" mentioned by Emerson (1952: 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE7FFA6FF54FE30FBE5D4B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE4FFA6FF54FD6DF920D121.text	CC6E8784FFE4FFA6FF54FD6DF920D121.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyschides Pilsbry & Sharp 1898	<div><p>Polyschides Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1898</p><p>Type species</p><p>Cadulus tetraschistus Watson, 1879 (original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium, strong, smooth, white, translucent when fresh, polished when dead. Maximum diameter located in anterior third or nearly oral aperture. Apex wide, with four deep notches, four lobes, being two laterals, one dorsal, one ventral. Preapical callus weak.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE4FFA6FF54FD6DF920D121	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE4FFA7FF54FB00FC7AD601.text	CC6E8784FFE4FFA7FF54FB00FC7AD601.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyschides portoricensis (Henderson 1920) Henderson 1920	<div><p>Polyschides portoricensis (Henderson, 1920)</p><p>Figs. 62–63</p><p>+ Cadulus (Platyschides) portoricensis Henderson 1920: 115, pl. 18, fig. 6; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 221; Scarabino 1985: 202, pl. 73, fig. 1035.</p><p>Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus (non Dall 1889): Penna­Neme 1974: 115. + Polyschides portoricensis: Díaz and Puyana 1994: 258, pl. 71, fig. 1049; Scarabino 1994: 310, pl. 107, fig. 1523; Steiner and Kabat, 2001: 448; 2004: 632; Caetano and Absalão 2005: figs. 9–13.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype USNM 314712.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Mayaguez Harbor, Porto Rico, USBF sta 6062, 47 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small (to 8 mm), translucid, gently curved, notorious swelling atanterior third of shell. Apex circular, with four lobes. Denticle­like present in the inner side of apical ventral lobe. Oral aperture oblique, section circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Polyschides portoricensis; IBUFRJ 10576, sta C76, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14189, sta VV16, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Caribbean Sea: Porto Rico (Henderson 1920; Warmke &amp; Abbott 1961); Colombia (Díaz &amp; Puyana 1994); Brazil: off Amapá (Scarabino 1985, 1994), Bahia and Rio de Janeiro (Caetano &amp; Absalão 2005). Empty shells 40 to 86 m.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Steiner and Kabat (2004) treated this taxon under the same combination presented here with the statement/label of "new combination" but this generic allocation was previously used by Díaz and Puyana (1994) and Scarabino (1994).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE4FFA7FF54FB00FC7AD601	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFE5FF98FF54FC60FA27D351.text	CC6E8784FFE5FF98FF54FC60FA27D351.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson 1879) Watson 1879	<div><p>Polyschides tetraschistus (Watson, 1879)</p><p>Figs. 64–65</p><p>+ Siphodentalium tetraschistum Watson 1879: 521; 1886: 15, pl. 2, fig. 8a–d.</p><p>+ Siphonodentalium quadridentatum Dall 1881: 36 .</p><p>+ Cadulus incisus Bush 1885: 471, pl. 45, fig. 20.</p><p>+ Cadulus quadridentatus: Dall 1889: 428, pl. 27, fig. 5; Mathews and Rios 1969: 27; Rios 1969: 7; Scarabino 1980: 12, fig. 1b.</p><p>Cadulus tetrodon (non Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897): Castellanos 1970:167, pl. 1, fig. 15.</p><p>+ Cadulus tetraschistus: Scarabino 1980: 12, fig. 1a.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) tetraschistus: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 148, pl. 23, fig. 1; Henderson 1920: 97, pl. 17, fig. 1; Lange de Morretes 1949: 52; Turner 1955: 314; Penna­Neme 1974: 114; Scarabino 1975: 182, pl. 58, fig. 889; 1985: 202, pl. 73, fig. 1033; Cabral and Mello 1994: 42, figs.15, 16.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) tetraschistus var. quadridentatus: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 149, pl. 25, fig. 1.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) tetraschistus var. incisus: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 149, pl. 25, fig. 1.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus: Henderson 1920: 97, pl. 17, figs. 2, 3; Maury 1922: 40; Lange de Morretes 1949: 52; Turner 1955: 315; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 220, fig. 34c; Abbott 1974: 389, fig. 4545.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus quadridentatus: Henderson 1920: 99 .</p><p>+ Cadulus (Polyschides) quadridentatus acompusus: Henderson 1920: 100, pl. 17, fig. 4.</p><p>Cadulus (Polyschides) tetrodon (non Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897): Carcelles 1944: 468; Carcelles and Parodiz 1938: 262, pl. 1, fig. 1.</p><p>+ Polyschides tetraschistus: Díaz and Puyana 1994: 257, pl. 71, fig. 1048; Scarabino 1994: 310, pl. 107, fig. 1522; Redfern 2001: 191, pl. 76, fig. 785; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 448; 2004: 655; Absalão and de Paula 2004: fig. 1c; Absalão et al. 2005: 177, fig. 4; Caetano and Absalão 2005: figs. 5–8.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.66.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>anchorage off Fernando de Noronha, Island, Challenger sta 113a, 03º57’S, 32º24’30"W, 13–46 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>shell small (to 9 mm), translucent, slightly curved. Maximum diameter neighborhoods oral aperture. Section circular. Apex with four notorious lobes. Oral aperture circular in section.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Polyschides tetraschistus; IBUFRJ 14280, sta 48, 5 dd; IBUFRJ 14281, sta VV31, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14282, sta VV16, 3 dd; MORG 40456, sta VV31, 6 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: North Carolina (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: Bermuda; Cuba (Turner 1955); between Margarita island and Araya peninsula (Princz 1986); Bahamas (Redfern 2001); Colombia (Díaz &amp; Puyana 1994); Brazil: Amapá to Rio Grande do Sul (Penna­Neme 1974; Scarabino 1975, 1985, 1994; Caetano &amp; Absalão 2005), Fernando de Noronha (Watson 1879); Uruguay: Rio de la Plata (Henderson 1920; Turner 1955; Scarabino 1973); Argentina: off Buenos Aires Province, Porto Quequen (Carcelles &amp; Parodiz 1938; Turner 1955), gulf of San Matias (Scarabino 1973, 1975). Living from low tide to 71 m (Scarabino 1994), and in unknown condition, down to 95 m (Caetano &amp; Absalão 2005).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Polyschides tetraschistus is easily distinguishable from P. portoricensis by the absence of swelling at the anterior third of the shell and by the more thick apical lobes. This species is mentioned as commonly preyed by sea­stars ( Astropecten spp.) from South Brazil, off Uruguay and Buenos Aires province (Argentina) (Carcelles &amp; Parodiz 1938; Carcelles 1944; Penchaszadeh 1973).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFE5FF98FF54FC60FA27D351	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFDAFF99FF54F930FABCD4B1.text	CC6E8784FFDAFF99FF54F930FABCD4B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cadulus Philippi 1844	<div><p>Cadulus Philippi, 1844</p><p>Type species</p><p>Cadulus ovulum Philippi, 1844 (by monotypy).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium, swollen, solid, smooth, white, translucent when fresh, shiny when dead. Maximum diameter in center of shell. Apex simple or coronate, preapical callus usually prominent, lumen circular. Apical, oral sections variable, usually oval dorsoventrally or laterally compressed.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFDAFF99FF54F930FABCD4B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFDBFF9AFF54FD90FA85D711.text	CC6E8784FFDBFF9AFF54FD90FA85D711.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cadulus parvus Henderson 1920	<div><p>Cadulus parvus Henderson, 1920</p><p>Figs. 66–69</p><p>+ Cadulus amiantus Dall 1889: 431, in part and omitting figure (fide Henderson 1920); Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 174, in part and omitting figure (fide Henderson 1920).</p><p>+ Cadulus (Platyschides) parvus Henderson 1920: 113, pl. 18, figs. 2, 4; Scarabino 1985: 202, pl. 73, fig. 1033; 1994: 310, pl. 107, fig. 1521.</p><p>+ Cadulus parvus: Absalão 1989: 3; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 440; 2004: 627; Absalão et al. 2005: 177, fig. 3.</p><p>+ Polyschides parvus: Díaz and Puyana 1994: 258, pl. 71, fig. 1051.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype USNM 314713; Paratype MCZ 48414, 1 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>off Barbados, Blake, 183 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell to 5 mm long, translucent when fresh. Maximum diameter near center of shell. Ventral side regularly curved, dorsal side with a swell. Apex with four flat lobes, preapical callus conspicuous. Apical and oral sections oval, dorsoventrally depressed.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Cadulus parvus; IBUFRJ 9858, sta C61, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14238, sta A3, 1 dd; MORG 39691, sta D3, 2 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida; Caribbean Sea: Barbados; off cape San Antonio, Yucatan (Henderson 1920); Colombia (Díaz &amp; Puyana 1994); Brazil: off Cabo Orange, canyon of Amazon river (Scarabino 1985, 1994), Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (Absalão 1989, this study) and off São Paulo (Scarabino 1985, 1994). Shells 79 to 220 m (Henderson 1920; this study), and a one doubtfull record to 1837 m (Henderson 1920).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Henderson (1920) described the apex as being composed by some shallow slits and broad, ill­defined lobes. Our material, possess an apex with four slits and four lobes when well preserved (Fig. 69). Díaz and Puyana (1994) also observed this feature and placed this species in the genus Polyschides . Steiner and Kabat (2004) stated that the position of the maximum diameter in the middle of the shell suggests it to belong to Cadulus . However, this feature could be variable, at least theorically, during ontogeny (shell secretion occurs at the aperture and is expected that in some stage of the development the position of maximum diameter could be more close to or at the aperture). Accordingly, we prefer to maintain the original combination but the validity of this allocation in the genus Cadulus should be assessed in the future.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFDBFF9AFF54FD90FA85D711	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD8FF9AFF54FD70FAA1D22E.text	CC6E8784FFD8FF9AFF54FD70FAA1D22E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cadulus eliezeri	<div><p>Cadulus eliezeri n.sp.</p><p>Figs. 70–71</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype IBUFRJ 10810; Paratypes MNRJ 10571, sta C76, 3 dd; MNHN, sta 25A, 2 dd; MORG 41079, sta VV24, 4 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Bahia, REVIZEE sta C76, 15 º53’49’’S, 38º31’05’’W, 66 m.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Atlantic, Brazil: Bahia and Espírito Santo, shells from 46 to 230 m.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Eliézer de Carvalho Rios, MORG, for his extensive contribution to Brazilian malacology and his assistance in this and others projects.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell small (to 2.1 mm long), glossy, translucent, regularly curved. Maximum diameter at center of shell. Dorsal view fusiform in shape, posterior constriction area outlined. Apex slightly protruding at ventral and dorsal ends. Apical section dorsoventrally depressed. Preapical callus thick, well defined, lumen oval dorsoventrally. Oral aperture sligthtly oblique, almost circular in section.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Cadulus eliezeri n.sp. differs from C. platensis (Henderson 1920) by the absence of curvature on the dorsal side of the shell ( C. platensis has a pronunced swelling that produce a distinct curvature on the dorsal side). Cadulus parvus can be distinguished by the presence of four flat lobes on apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD8FF9AFF54FD70FAA1D22E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FEB8FC27D0F6.text	CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FEB8FC27D0F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cadulus nerta	<div><p>Cadulus nerta n.sp.</p><p>Figs. 72–73</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype IBUFRJ 14314; Paratypes MNHN, 1 dd; MORG 41078, 1 dd. All specimens from the type locality.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Espírito Santo, REVIZEE sta A3, 18 º58’53’’S, 37º51’06’’W, 247 m.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Western Atlantic, Brazil: only know from type locality. Shells to 247m.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>nerta is a nordic goodness of nature.</p><p>Description</p><p>Shell small (to 3.0 mm long), glossy, translucent, inflated, regularly curved except by a slope in posterior end at ventral side. Maximum diameter close to center of shell. Ventral side regularly curved, contracted into short apical slope, dorsal side notably less curved with small bulge at maximum diameter. Dorsal view fusiform, constriction observed between the preapical callus and apex. Apex simple with dorsoventrally depressed section. Preapical callus thin, lumen oval dorsoventrally. Oral aperture very oblique, strongly laterally compressed.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Cadulus nerta does not closely resemble any other Brazilian species of the genus. Compared with the North Atlantic Cadulus podagrinus Henderson, 1920, it is less inflated, smaller and has a more laterally compressed apertural section.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FEB8FC27D0F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FA4AF9BAD20C.text	CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FA4AF9BAD20C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gadila Gray 1847	<div><p>Gadila Gray, 1847</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium gadus Montagu, 1803 (original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium, curved, smooth, white, translucent when fresh, shiny when dead. Maximum diameter in anterior third of shell; ventral side regularly curved, dorsal side sigmoidal in section. Apex simple or with flat lobes, variable in number. Oral, apical sections variable.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD9FF9BFF54FA4AF9BAD20C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFDEFF9EFF54FEB8FA59D7A1.text	CC6E8784FFDEFF9EFF54FEB8FA59D7A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gadila dominguensis (Orbigny 1853) Orbigny 1853	<div><p>Gadila dominguensis (Orbigny, 1853)</p><p>Figs. 74–76</p><p>+ Cadulus dominguense Orbigny 1853: 201, pl. 25, figs. 7–9; Gray 1854: 34.</p><p>+ Cadulus acus Dall 1889: 432, pl. 27, fig. 11; Dall and Simpson 1901: 457; 1903: 78.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadila) acus: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 191, pl. 36, fig. 27; Henderson 1920: 140, pl. 20, fig. 11; Warmke and Abbott 1961: 221, fig. 34d; Penna­Neme 1974: 115; Scarabino 1975: 182, pl. 52, fig. 886; 1985: 201, pl. 73, fig. 1030.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadila) dominguensis: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 191, pl. 36, fig. 26; Henderson 1920: 141, pl. 20, fig. 3; Scarabino 1985: 201, pl. 73, fig. 1029.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadilopsis) acus: Emerson 1952: 10; Abbott 1974: 390, fig. 4576.</p><p>+ Cadulus domingensis (sic): Matthews and Rios 1974: 47.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadila) dominguense: Penna­Neme 1974: 116 .</p><p>+ Gadila dominguensis: Scarabino 1975: 182, pl. 58, fig. 885; 1994: 309, pl. 107, fig. 1519; Steiner and Kabat 2004: 585.</p><p>+ Gadila acus: Díaz and Puyana 1994: 257, pl. 71, fig. 1052; Scarabino 1994: 309, pl. 107, fig. 1518; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 445; 2004: 558; Absalão and de Paula 2004: fig. 1a; Absalão et al. 2005: 177, fig. 1.</p><p>+ Gadila dominguense: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 445 .</p><p>Type material</p><p>Syntypes BMNH 1854.10.4.466, 5 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>" Saint­Domingue [Dominican Republic]; Martinique; Saint­Thomas; Cuba " (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium (to 11 mm), slender, slightly curved, maximum diameter near oral aperture. Circular wrinkles in apical region, remainder of shell smooth. Apex simple, aperture slightly oblique. Section circular throughout.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Syntypes of Gadila dominguensis; Lectotype of G. acus USNM 95379 (designated by Henderson, 1920: 140); IBUFRJ 9649, sta C65, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 9513, sta 16, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 9997, sta 48, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 12854, sta C76, 30 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida (Henderson 1920; Abbott 1974); Caribbean Sea: Porto Rico (Henderson 1920; Emerson 1952); Honduras; Guatemala; Belize (Henderson 1920); Colombia (Díaz &amp; Puyana 1994); Cuba; St. Thomas; Martinique; Dominican Republic (Orbigny 1853; E merson 1952); Suriname (Altena 1971); Brazil: Amapá to Bahia (Scarabino 1975, 1994), Espírito Santo (this study). Living 53 to 103 m (Penna­Neme 1974), shells from shore to 100 m (this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Henderson (1920: 141) already mentioned that Gadila acus and G. dominguensis were closely allied species but he retained both species until a comparison with the types could be done. As show in Figures 74 and 77, the types of G. dominguensis and G. acus, respectively, are not sufficiently different to justify these two species. The shared characteristics include general elongate slender form, equator situated immediately posterior of the anterior aperture and presence of circular wrinkles at the apical region. Gadila acus is considered here a junior synonym of G. dominguensis . Steiner and Kabat (2004) noted a questionable record of G. dominguensis from the West African coast by Nicklès (1979: 64, fig. 21). Considering the shell profile of Nicklès´s sketch we agree with Steiner and Kabat (2004).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFDEFF9EFF54FEB8FA59D7A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFDCFF9FFF54FC80F900D6D1.text	CC6E8784FFDCFF9FFF54FC80F900D6D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gadila pandionis	<div><p>Gadila pandionis (Verril &amp; Smith in Verril, 1880)</p><p>Figs. 78–80</p><p>+ Cadulus pandionis Verril and Smith (in Verril) 1880: 392, 399; Verril 1882: 558, pl. 58, figs. 30, 30a.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadila) pandionis: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 171, pl. 25, fig. 63. + Gadila pandionis: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 445; 2004: 626.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype USNM 38644 (designated by Johnson, 1989: 56 as " Holotype "); Paralectotypes MCZ 186811, 3 dd, MCZ 186812, 1 dd, MCZ 186813, 2 dd, MCZ 186814, 7 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>off Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, USBF sta 876, 219 m (by subsequent designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium (to 13 mm), white, slender, strongly curved, mainly in the posterior third. Maximum diameter at anterior third. Ventral side well curved; dorsal side curved except for occurrence of bulge at maximum diameter. Dorsal view fusiform, fast tapering from the maximum diameter to apex. Apex oval, lateral view rounded. Apex with two Ushaped notches, one ventral and other dorsal. Preapical callus thin, lumen suboval. Oral aperture oblique, sligthtly dorsoventrally depressed.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Lectotype of Gadila pandionis; IBUFRJ 10698, sta C13, 13 dd; IBUFRJ 10917, sta C35, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14313, sta R4#1, 5 dd; IBUFRJ 14314, Jops II, sta 3201, 21 º37’S, 39º54’W, 1320 m, 3 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: New Jersey to Florida (Henderson 1920, Steiner &amp; Kabat 2004); Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro (this study). Shells 46 to 1320m (Henderson 1920, this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>As pointed out by G. perlonga, we consider that Johnson’s lectotype designation (Johnson, 1989: 56) as valid because in spite of wrong use of the term holotype, the author explicitly selected from the type series a particular specimen to serve as the name­bearing type (see ICZN Art. 74.5).</p><p>Gadila pandionis resembles most closely G. watsoni (Dall, 1881) sharing apical features, two semicircular notches, one dorsal and one ventral, leaving two lateral pointed lobes (Fig. 80). The distinction between these two species is questionable; the lectotype of G. w a t s o n i is a broken shell and the paralectotype is a juvenile that makes any comparisons difficult.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFDCFF9FFF54FC80F900D6D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFDDFF90FF54FBB0FB64D6D1.text	CC6E8784FFDDFF90FF54FBB0FB64D6D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gadila simpsoni (Henderson 1920) Henderson 1920	<div><p>Gadila simpsoni (Henderson, 1920) n. comb.</p><p>Figs. 81–83</p><p>+ Cadulus (Platyschides) simpsoni Henderson 1920: 127, pl. 19, fig. 17. + Cadulus simpsoni: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 441; 2004: 644.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype USNM 161580; Paratypes USNM 314677, 1 dd, USNM 314932, 1 dd, AMNH 148357, 1 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Mayaguez Roadstead, Porto Rico, USBF sta 6062, 46 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium (to 6 mm), slender, translucent cream­white, slightly curved, maximum diameter close to equator. Ventral side regularly curved; dorsal one almost straight except for some curvature at posterior end and a gently convexity at the equator. Apex simple, sligthlty dorsoventrally depressed, showing central denticle­like at inner side of ventral edge. Preapical callus thin, lumen suboval. Oral aperture simple, strongly oblique, slightly contracted, laterally compressed.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype of Gadila simpsoni; IBUFRJ 14315, sta A3, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14316, sta C13, 13 dd; IBUFRJ 14317, sta R4#1, 21 dd; MNHN, sta 25A, 3 dd; IBUFRJ 14318, Jops II, sta 3216, 21 º37’S, 40º08’W, 300 m, 7 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Antigua: off English Harbor; Porto Rico; Cuba (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro (this study). Shells 46 to 575m (Henderson 1920).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Gadila simpsoni is smaller and less arched than G. pandionis and the aperture of G. simpsoni is laterally compressed. Steiner and Kabat (2004) placed this species in Cadulus because of the position of the region of the maximum diameter of the shell which, according to these authors, is located in the middle of the shell. However, in his original description, Henderson (1920: 127) stated that "its equator at about the anterior two­fifths or almost median" and the observation of our material agree with Henderson’s opinion. So, we include this species in the genus Gadila .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFDDFF90FF54FBB0FB64D6D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD2FF91FF54FBB0FA95D6D1.text	CC6E8784FFD2FF91FF54FBB0FA95D6D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gadila pocula (Dall 1889) Dall 1889	<div><p>Gadila pocula (Dall, 1889) n.comb</p><p>Figs. 84–85</p><p>+ Cadulus poculum Dall 1889: 429; Abbott 1974: 390.</p><p>+ Cadulus (Gadila) poculum: Pilsbry and Sharp 1898: 172, pl. 33, figs. 56, 57. + Cadulus (Platyschides) poculum: Henderson 1920: 108, pl. 17, fig. 8. + Polyschides poculum: Steiner and Kabat 2001: 448; 2004: 631.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype USNM 95374 (designated by Henderson, 1920: 109); Paralectotypes USNM 887461, 1 dd, MCZ 7743, 1 dd.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>off st. Vincent, West Indies, Blake sta 226, 13 º09’05"N, 61º16’20"W, 774 m (by subsequent designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell medium size (to 11mm), slender, strongly curved posteriorly, solid, brilliant. E quator located at first forth, more notorious at ventral side where it is obtuse angled. Apex simple or with two flat lateral lobes, denticle­like structure at ventral edge. Pre­apical callous thick, lumen oval. Apical section dorsoventrally depressed; oral aperture oblique, strongly dorsoventrally depressed.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 14312, off Bacia de Campos, Rio de Janeiro, 22º26’28"S, 39º58’53"W, 1050 m, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>off St. Vincent (Dall 1889); off Yucatan bank (Henderson 1920); Brazil: Rio de Janeiro (this study). Shells 774 to 1173 m (Henderson 1920; this study).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Steiner and Kabat (2001, 2004) placed this species at the genus Polyschides because of the position of the maximum diameter at anterior third of the shell, occurrence of apical lateral projections that, according to these authors, indicate four apical lobes, and the strongly oblique anterior aperture. Acccording to Steiner and Kabat (2004) this species could also be placed in Gadila . The specimen studied is well preserved and the carefull examination of the apical features shows only two lateral flat lobes and none ventral or dorsal projections. In this manner, we concluded that the studied species fits better to the concept of genus Gadila than Polyschides .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD2FF91FF54FBB0FA95D6D1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD3FF92FF54FB22FBFDD439.text	CC6E8784FFD3FF92FF54FB22FBFDD439.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Compressidens Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Compressidens Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897</p><p>Type species</p><p>Dentalium pressum Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897 (original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Shell small to medium, well curved, solid, translucent, opaque or polished. Section oval, strongly compressed dorsoventrally. Sculpture variable, with longitudinal riblets, undulations or fine, close encircling wrinkles; growth lines conspicuous. Apex simple or truncate, preapical callus usually wide, lumen circular.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Scarabino (1995), the genus Compressidens shows confusing characters that do not allow placement in the present classifications, specially the dorsoventrally compressed shell. This genus comprises about nine species (Steiner &amp; Kabat 2004) and it was firstly included within Gadilida (Watson 1879; Pilsbry &amp; Sharp 1897; Emerson 1962) and also among Dentaliida (Henderson 1920; Palmer 1974). Subsequent radular study (Kraeuter 1972) confirmed it to belong to Gadilida . At the family level, the controversy still remains with systematic arrangements including this genus in Siphonodentaliidae (Emerson 1962; Kraeuter 1972), Pulsellidae (Scarabino 1994) and more recently as incertae sedis (Scarabino 1995; Steiner &amp; Kabat 2001).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD3FF92FF54FB22FBFDD439	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
CC6E8784FFD0FF93FF54FE18F915D4E1.text	CC6E8784FFD0FF93FF54FE18F915D4E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Compressidens pressum (Pilsbry & Sharp 1897) Pilsbry & Sharp 1897	<div><p>Compressidens pressum (Pilsbry &amp; Sharp, 1897)</p><p>Figs. 86–89</p><p>+ Dentalium compressum (non Orbigny 1850): Watson 1879: 516; 1886: 9, pl. 1, fig. 9; Dall 1881: 38.</p><p>+ Dentalium pressum Pilsbry and Sharp 1897: 124, pl. 22, figs. 50–52.</p><p>+ Dentalium (Compressidens) pressum: Henderson 1920: 83, pl. 14, figs. 3, 6, 8; Maury 1922: 39; E merson 1952: 7; Abbott 1974: 387, fig. 4527.</p><p>+ Pulsellum (Compressidens) pressum: Kraeuter 1972: 22, fig. 1a–f; Scarabino 1975: 181, pl. 58, fig. 883; 1985: 200, pl. 73, fig. 1026.</p><p>+ Pulsellum pressum: Cabral and Mello 1994: 40, fig. 13.</p><p>+ Compressidens pressum: Scarabino 1994: 309, pl. 107, fig. 1516; Steiner and Kabat 2001: 441; 2004: 633; Gracia et al. 2005: 333, fig. 8.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.35.</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Culebra Island, West Indies, Challenger sta 24, 18 º38’30"N, 65º05’30"W, 714 m (by original designation).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>shell medium size (to 12 mm), moderately curved, strongly dorsoventrally compressed, almost subangular on lateral sides. Faint, low longitudinal riblets, mostly on dorsal side; crossed by close, sharp, irregular transversal scratches. Apex simple with a thick callus, lumem circular.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IBUFRJ 9996, sta 25A, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 10700, sta VV24, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 10966, sta C36r, 5 dd; IBUFRJ 14271, sta R4#1, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14272, sta 52, 6 dd; IBUFRJ 14273, sta 1f, 2 dd; IBUFRJ 14274, sta 50, 1 dd; IBUFRJ 14275, sta C35, 1 dd.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>USA: Florida (Henderson 1920; Kraeuter 1972); Colombia (Gracia et al. 2005); Brazil: Ceará (Cabral &amp; Mello, 1994), off Recife (Kraeuter 1972; Mello 1981), Bahia to Rio de Janeiro (this study). Shells from 168 to 1431 m (Kraeuter 1972).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Compressidens pressum is similar to C. ophiodon (Dall, 1881), a western Atlantic species known from Florida and Caribbean Sea (Kraeuter 1972), but C. ophiodon is distinguished by the more curved and less compressed shell without the longitudinal sculpture.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC6E8784FFD0FF93FF54FE18F915D4E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares;Scarabino, Victor;Absalão, Ricardo Silva	Caetano, Carlos Henrique Soares, Scarabino, Victor, Absalão, Ricardo Silva (2006): Scaphopoda (Mollusca) from the Brazilian continental shelf and upper slope (13 º to 21 ºS) with descriptions of two new species of the genus Cadulus Philippi, 1844. Zootaxa 1267: 1-47, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173183
