identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFDCAE6273B66.text	D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFDCAE6273B66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ithocritus Lacordaire 1872	<div><p>Genus Ithocritus Lacordaire, 1872</p><p>Ithocritus Lacordaire, 1872: 448 . Type species: Monochamus ruber Hope, 1839, by original designation.</p><p>Ithocritus; Gemminger, 1873: 3059; Aurivillius, 1922: 206; Breuning, 1956: 354; Löbl &amp; Smetana, 2010: 291; Lin &amp; Jiroux, 2011: 108; Ohbayashi &amp; Lin, 2012: 237; Lin &amp; Yang, 2019: 340.</p><p>Remarks. Including the types species, two of the three known species of the genus have been investigated in this study. Both species with granules near outer edge of scape (Fig. 11), which is inconsistent with the tribal definition proposed by Breuning (1956) and Ohbayashi &amp; Lin (2012).</p><p>Male genitalia of the two studied species has the endophallus lacking the crescent-shaped sclerites (cs), which accordant with the structure observed in Petrognatha Leach, 1819 (type genus of the tribe), Ioesse Thomson, 1864, and Pseudapriona Breuning, 1936 . The consistency of this character among these studied genera superficially stabilized their tribal treatment. However, the absence of such crescent-shaped sclerites in the male endophallus have been reported in several taxa from different tribes of subfamily Lamiinae, e.g. some species of Phytoeciini (as “basal-lateral-ventral sclerites”, Kasatkin 2006), Mimocagosima Breuning, 1968 and Thermistis Pascoe, 1867 of Saperdini (as “basal armature” – Lin, Li &amp; Yang 2008; Lin et al. 2012), Acanista Pascoe, 1864 of Acanthocinini, Pentacosmia Newman, 1842 and Probatodes Thomson, 1864 of Rhodopinini (both genera currently in Desmiphorini), Rosenbergia Ritsema, 1881 of Batocerini (as “crescent-shaped sclerites”, Ślipiński &amp; Escalona 2013), and have also been observed in Pseudomeges Breuning, 1943 and Myagrus Pascoe, 1878 of Lamiini (both genera currently in Monochamini) (Bi, unpublished). The species of Apriona Chevrolat, 1852 and Batocera Dejean, 1835 (Batocerini) from China lack the crescent-shaped sclerites, while Batocera spp. from Australia were reported by Ślipiński &amp; Escalona (2013) having “large crescent-shaped sclerites”, and the species of Microcriodes Breuning, 1943, also Batocerini, have such sclerites. These variations undoubtedly indicate a more complicated situation, making questionable the tribal position of Ithocritus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFDCAE6273B66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFF2AE5AB3F9E.text	D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFF2AE5AB3F9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Petrognathini Blanchard 1845	<div><p>Tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Ohbayashi &amp; Lin 2012). Antennal scape without cicatrix or granules at apex; mandible neither elongate nor longitudinally grooved; eyes emarginate; pronotum provided with lateral spines; mesocoxal cavity open to epimeron; metepisternum not distinctly widened; legs stout; mesotibiae with an external sinus; tarsal claws simple and divaricate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B735FF9E9F8DFF2AE5AB3F9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
D31D9579B735FF9D9F8DFA52E1343D71.text	D31D9579B735FF9D9F8DFA52E1343D71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ithocritus ruber (Hope 1839)	<div><p>Ithocritus ruber (Hope, 1839)</p><p>(Figs. 1–3, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 19)</p><p>Monochamus ruber Hope, 1839: 43; Hope, 1840: 441, pl. 30, fig. 5.</p><p>Ithocritus ruber: Lacordaire, 1872: 448; Gemminger, 1873: 3059; Aurivillius, 1922: 206; Breuning, 1956: 354, fig. 1; Mukhopadhyay &amp; Biswas, 2000: 59; Löbl &amp; Smetana, 2010: 291; Lin &amp; Jiroux, 2011: 108, figs. 13-18; Ohbayashi &amp; Lin, 2012: 238, figs. 1-5; Lin &amp; Yang, 2014: 309, figs. 1-11; Mitra et al., 2016: 44; 2017: 86; Lin &amp; Yang, 2019: 340.</p><p>Type material examined. Syntypes of Monochamus ruber, 2 males, India, Assam, leg. William Griffith (in OUMNH). Examined by photographs taken by James Hogan .</p><p>Other materials examined. China (Yunnan): 1 male, 1 female, Yunnan, Longchuan, Husa Xiang, 24.358315°N, 97.834079°E, alt. 1353m, 2013.VIII.10, leg. Zhi-Shun Song, Qiang-Feng Zheng (IZCAS); 1 male, Yunnan, Gongshan, Maku, 1200m, 2015.VI.26, leg. Xiao-Dong Yang (CCCC); 1 male, ditto except 1500m, 2015.VIII.7 (CCCC); 1 male, ditto except 1250m, 2015.VI.27, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi (CBWX); 1 female, ditto except 1500m, 2015.VII.18 (CBWX); 1 male, ditto except 1250m, 2015.VII.20 (CBWX); 1 male, ditto except 2015.VII.2 (CBWX); 1 female, ditto except 1500m, 2015.VIII.9 (CBWX); 1 female, ditto except 1500m, 2015.VII.21, leg. Chao Wu (CBWX) . China (Xizang): 2 males, 1 female, Xizang, Motuo, Baricun, 1850m, 2014.VII.26, leg. Wen-Xuan Bi (CBWX); 1 male, ditto except 2014.VII.29 (CBWX); 1 female, Xizang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.248535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.27022" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.248535/lat 29.27022)">Linzhi City</a>, Mêdog County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.248535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.27022" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.248535/lat 29.27022)">Dexingxiang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.248535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.27022" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.248535/lat 29.27022)">Yarang</a> power station, 29.27022°N, 95.248532°E, alt. 706m, 2019.VIII.1, leg. Hao-Dong Yin (IZCAS) .</p><p>Complementary description to Breuning (1956) and Lin &amp; Jiroux (2011). Integument of body, antennae and legs blackish; elytra reddish ochraceous. Head, pronotum, elytra predominantly covered with bright pubescence which is individually variable from brick-red to pale orange or yellowish white (Figs. 1–3). Ventral surface predominantly covered with fine blackish pubescence, except for anteromedian of prosternum, most of mesanepisternum, posterior angle of metasternum and lateral sides of abdominal ventrite I to V covered with same variably colored pubescence as in dorsal surface. Scutellum moderately pubescent, not obscuring integument, giving it darkened appearance (Figs. 8, 9). Male genitalia with endophallus, in everted condition (Fig. 19), about 2.3 times as long as median lobe, curved near apical fourth dorsally; APH defined, BPH and MPH roughly defined by basal-lateral tubercle (blt); crescent-shaped sclerite absent; MPH subdivided into MT+CT and PB by constrictions, MT ca. 1.5 times longer than CT or PB; MT with ventral swelling (vs) generally rudimentary; CT with lateral tubercles (ltc, Fig. 19d) weakly developed; PB weakly swollen laterally and ventrally near base, thence, in ventral view, strongly constricted toward subparallel-sided apex (Fig. 19d); APH not subdivided, in lateral view, moderately swollen, slightly protruding ventrally; apical furrow (af) with internal membrane (im) incomplete, represented by short dorsal appendix; spicules mainly distributed on ventral apical surface of MT and apical half of PB; ejaculatory ducts (ej) paired, gonopore (gn) situated near apex of dorsal side of APH. Female with ventrite V (Fig. 15) narrowly protruded, apex 0.13 times basal width.</p><p>Distribution. China: Yunnan, Xizang (new province record); India: Assam (Mukhopadhyay &amp; Halder 2003), Meghalaya, Sikkim and West Bengal; Bangladesh (Silhet = Sylhet); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandaley), Nepal.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B735FF9D9F8DFA52E1343D71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
D31D9579B736FF9B9F8DFC7AE07E3CA9.text	D31D9579B736FF9B9F8DFC7AE07E3CA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ithocritus similis Bi & Lin 2020	<div><p>Ithocritus similis Bi &amp; Lin, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 4, 5, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 20)</p><p>Type material. Holotype: male, “ CHINA. Yunnan, Gongshan / Dulongjiang, Maku / 1500m, 2015.VIII.7 / leg. Xiao-Dong Yang ” (SNUC) . Paratypes: 1 female, same locality as holotype “ 2015.VII.21 / leg. Chao Wu ” (CCCC); 1 female, ditto “ 2015.VIII.9 / leg. Wen-Xuan Bi ” (CBWX); 1 male, “ CHINA. Yunnan, Gongshan / Dulongjiangxiang / 1480m, 2017.VII.30 / local collector” (CCCC) .</p><p>Description. Male (Fig. 4). Body length 30.0– 32.5 mm, humeral width 10.0– 10.1 mm. Integument of body, antennae and legs blackish; elytra dark-brown. Head except for anterior margin of frons, genae and antennal insertions, pronotum except for sides and posterolateral margins, scutellum and most of elytra densely covered with yellowish-white pubescence. Elytron with blackish pubescent macula involving humerus, blackish pubescent macula near scutellum, and a few small irregular blackish spots near basal and apical third. Ventral sur f ace predominantly covered with fine blackish pubescence, except for anteromedian area of prosternum, most of mesanepisternum, posterior angle of metasternum, postmedian area of metanepisternum, sides of abdominal ventrite I to V, and anterolateral area of metacoxae covered with yellowish-white pubescence forming bright maculae.</p><p>Body elongate, subcylindrical, feebly narrowed posteriorly. Head slightly wider than pronotal base, occiput with several umbilicate punctures anteriorly; eyes emarginate, coarsely faceted; lower eye lobe 1.5 times as long as width, 2.2 times as long as gena. Antenna long and slender, about 2.7 times body length, finely punctate, basal 3 antennomeres sparsely fringed beneath with short setae; scape gradually thickened apically, with numerous granules near outer edge (Fig. 11); 3rd antennomere 2.8 times as long as scape, 1.2 times as long as 4th, 1.5 times as long as 5th; relative length of antennomeres as follows: 3.5: 0.7: 10: 8.5: 6.9: 6.5: 6.0: 5.9: 6.7: 6.7: 11.6.</p><p>Pronotum broader than long, 0.7 times as long as basal width, width across lateral spines about 1.5 times of basal width; lateral spine stout, strongly thickened at base with acute apex; disk weakly convex, provided with several setigerous granules at sides after middle. Scutellum broadly rounded posteriorly. Prosternal process widened apically; procoxal cavities widely open posteriorly. Mesosternal process without tubercle and obliquely sloped in lateral view.</p><p>Elytra elongate, ca. 2.1 times as long as humeral width, slightly convergent toward conjointly rounded apices with short sutural teeth; sparsely provided with a few small granules near humeri; disk smooth, impunctate. Legs moderately long, stout; fore femora with coarse wrinkling sculpturing on both sides; metafemora reaching apical fourth of elytra; tarsus five segmented, tarsal claws divaricate.</p><p>Male genitalia. Tergite VIII, tegmen and median lobe as in Fig. 17. Endophallus in everted condition (Fig. 20) robust, about 2.3 times as long as median lobe, curved near apical third dorsally; APH defined, limit between BPH and MPH indicated by basal-lateral tubercle (blt); crescent-shaped sclerite absent; MPH subdivided into MT+CT and PB by constrictions, MT slightly longer than CT or PB; CT with lateral tubercles (ltc, Fig. 20d) developed, elongate, directed forward, PB strongly swollen laterally near base, thence, in ventral view, gradually narrowed (Fig. 20d) or expanded in lateral view (Fig. 20) toward apex; APH not subdivided, moderately swollen, weakly sclerotized dorsally from base to gonopore; apical furrow (af) with internal membrane (im) incomplete, represented by short dorsal appendix; spicules mainly distributed on ventral apical surface of MT and apical half of PB; ejaculatory ducts (ej) paired, gonopore (gn) situated near apex of dorsal side of APH.</p><p>Female (Fig. 5). Body length 35.0– 35.5 mm, humeral width 11.1–11.4 mm. Almost identical to male in general appearance. Antenna about 2.0 times body. Head relatively larger, about 1.2 times wider than pronotal base. Abdo- men with ventrite V (Fig. 16) widely protruded, apex 0.24 times basal width. Legs relatively slenderer and shorter, fore femora without wrinkling sculpturing.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin, meaning similar or resembling, referring to the similarities between the new species and Ithocritus ruber .</p><p>Distribution. China: Yunnan (Gongshan County).</p><p>Remarks. Ithocritus ruber also occurs in the type locality of the new species. Both species share highly morphological similarities, especially regarding the yellowish-white colored individuals (Figs. 3–5), but the new species can be distinguished by the metanepisternum and metacoxae provided with bright colored maculae (instead of absent); scutellum densely pubescent, obscuring integument (instead of with pubescence relatively sparser, not obscuring integument); elytra dark-brown (instead of reddish ochraceous); female with abdominal ventrite V widely protruded, apex 0.24 times as basal width (instead of 0.13 times); male with endophallus relatively more robust, CT with lateral tubercles developed, elongate, directed forward (instead of weakly developed), PB strongly swollen laterally near base, thence, in ventral view, gradually narrowed toward apex (instead of weakly swollen laterally and ventrally near base, thence strongly constricted toward subparallel-sided apex).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B736FF9B9F8DFC7AE07E3CA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
D31D9579B730FF999F8DF8FCE5E83CA9.text	D31D9579B730FF999F8DF8FCE5E83CA9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Falsimalmus Breuning 1956	<div><p>Genus Falsimalmus Breuning, 1956</p><p>(Figs. 6, 7, 18, 21)</p><p>Falsimalmus Breuning, 1956: 358 . Type species: Falsimalmus niger Breuning, 1956, by original designation.</p><p>Falsimalmus; Rondon &amp; Breuning, 1970: 486; Ohbayashi &amp; Lin, 2012: 249.</p><p>Remarks. This genus consists of a single species and has been placed in the Petrognathini since Breuning (1956) described it. Ohbayashi &amp; Lin (2012) mentioned that the “head with frons is not fully vertical, but more or less inclined anteriad.” According to our observation, the head of this genus is normally vertical (Fig. 7). In addition, the endophallic structure of the only species of this genus has been investigated for the first time and described herein. As shown in the following section, the endophallus of this genus has normally developed crescent-shaped sclerites (absent in Petrognatha gigas (Fabricius, 1793) and Ithocritus spp.); a developed, complete, elongate and sclerotized internal membrane (im) of apical furrow (incomplete and represented by a short dorsal appendix in Ithocritus spp.); a strongly constricted and elongate APH, which is associated with larger spicules (APH swollen and lacking spicules in Ithocritus spp.). These features are obviously different from the other members of this tribe studied by the first author, but partially (especially the constricted and spiculate APH with reduced apical bubble and the developed internal membrane of apical furrow) resemble some Lamiini genera, e.g. Echinovelleda Breuning, 1936 (Bi 2018: figs. 25, 26), indicating an uncertain tribal position of this genus, which is consistent with the suggestion presented by Ohbayashi &amp; Lin (2012). A further examination based on molecular methods may confirm its systematic position.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B730FF999F8DF8FCE5E83CA9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
D31D9579B732FF999F8DFD12E6483B63.text	D31D9579B732FF999F8DFD12E6483B63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Falsimalmus niger Breuning 1956	<div><p>Falsimalmus niger Breuning, 1956</p><p>(Figs. 6, 7, 18, 21)</p><p>Falsimalmus niger Breuning, 1956: 359, fig. 3.</p><p>Falsimalmus niger; Rondon &amp; Breuning, 1970: 486; Ohbayashi &amp; Lin, 2012: 250, figs. 26-29; Lin &amp; Yang, 2014: 312.</p><p>Material examined. 1 male, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Nabang, 473m, 2016.V.30, leg. Xiao-Dong Yang (CCCC) .</p><p>Complementary description. Male (Figs. 6, 7). Body length 24.0 mm, humeral width 8.2 mm. Male genitalia. Tergite VIII, tegmen and median lobe as in Fig. 18. Endophallus in everted condition (Fig. 21) moderately long and slender, about 2.7 times as long as median lobe, curved dorsally near middle; BPH, MPH and APH well-defined; crescent-shaped sclerites (cs) present; MPH subdivided into MT, CT and PB by constrictions; MT slightly shorter than CT and PB combined; MT normally cylindrical, CT swollen near base and apex respectively, PB with anterior bulb generally rudimentary; APH strongly constricted, elongate, broader near base, with apical bulb (ab) 3.8 times longer than apical bubble (bb) (Fig. 21e); apical furrow (af) with internal membrane (im) developed, elongate and sclerotized; spicules distributed on basal half of CT, apical half of PB and with distinctly larger spicules on apical bulb of APH throughout; ejaculatory ducts paired, gonopore (gn) situated at apex of APH.</p><p>Distribution. China (new country record): Yunnan (Yingjiang County); Laos (Vientiane); Myanmar (Dawns, Tenasserim); Thailand (Chiang Mai).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D31D9579B732FF999F8DFD12E6483B63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bi, Wen-Xuan;Chen, Chang-Chin;Lin, Mei-Ying	Bi, Wen-Xuan, Chen, Chang-Chin, Lin, Mei-Ying (2020): Notes on the tribe Petrognathini Blanchard, 1845 from China, with description of a new species from Yunnan (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae). Zootaxa 4732 (3): 453-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4732.3.7
