taxonID	type	description	language	source
D2570167CA6FFFCEFF33F9DDD323FD21.taxon	description	(Table 1)	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA6FFFCEFF33F9DDD323FD21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. (Emended after Ogawa et al. 2022). Body cylindrical, lacking circum-oral papillae. Tentacles 16 – 20, non-retractile, with digitiform disc. Papillae numerous, slender, variable in length, present along the entire dorsal and ventral-lateral radii. Papillae not fused and formed neither ventrolateral continuous brim nor anterior dorsal irregular fringe. Tube feet on ventral-lateral and mid-ventral radii; exceptionally mid-ventral ones replaced by ventral papillae for P. moseleyi collected from the eastern Pacific (as L. fecundum in Ludwig 1893, 1894). Body wall ossicles wheels. Wheel ossicles usually in two distinctive forms: large wheels having triangular rim teeth, 4 – 6 central rays on connecting central portion, a calcareous membrane narrowing / covering the nave; significantly smaller wheels, round to oval in shape, having about 10 – 12 spokes, usually 4 central rays, without a calcareous membrane, with / without rim teeth.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA6FFFCEFF33F9DDD323FD21.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Pannychia moseleyi Théel, 1882. Other species included. Pannychia henrici Ludwig, 1894; Pannychia taylorae O’Loughlin in O’Loughlin et al., 2013; Pannychia virgulifera Ohshima, 1915; Pannychia nagasakimaruae sp. nov.; Pannychia rinkaimaruae sp. nov.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA6FFFCEFF33F9DDD323FD21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus Pannychia is easily distinguished morphologically from the other elasipodid genera by the presence of dorsal papillae on ventral-lateral radii and large wheel ossicles with rim teeth. The two new species, Pannychia nagasakimaruae sp. nov. and Pannychia rinkaimaruae sp. nov., were consistent with these morphological characters. The four currently valid species and our two new species differed from each other by the combination of morphological characters in the arrangement of dorsal papillae, as well as the composition, density, size, and microstructure of their ossicles (see Table 1 for the details and also under Remarks sections of each new species below).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 – 5) [New Japanese name: Nagasaki-hage-namako]	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype. NSMT E- 13401 (INSD accession number LC 750304, 600 bps), East of Sanpo-Sone Ridge, off Goto Islands, East China Sea, Japan, 32 ° 13.548 ′ – 32 ˚ 12.389 ′ N 129 ° 12.561 ′ – 129 ˚ 13.691 ′ E, depth 436 – 453 m, T / V Nagasaki-maru N 297 cruise St. A 4.5, 6 Mar. 2010 (n 1 in Fig. 1). Paratypes. NSMT E- 9442 (1 specimen) and E- 9443 (2 specimens, INSD accession number LC 750303, 655 bps), Southeast of Naka-Kasayama Bank, off Goto Islands, East China Sea, Japan, 32 ° 12.013 ′ N 128 ° 54.825 ′ E, depth 403 – 413 m, T / V Nagasaki-maru N 343 cruise St. C 4 - 1, 3 Mar. 2012 (n 2 in Fig. 1).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Body cylindrical, 88 mm long, 21 mm wide (Fig. 2). Body wall thin, soft, fragile, easily damaged and detached during the sampling process. Mouth subventral. Anus at posterior end of the body. Dorsal papillae conical, up to 13 mm long, distributed in both sides of ventral-lateral and dorsal radii. Ventral-lateral papillae 23 – 37, arranged in a single row with intervals. Dorsal radius of papillae counted 58 – 63, arranged in crowded double rows. Tube feet cylindrical, easily damaged and detached during the sampling process. Ventral-lateral tube feet 37 – 38, arranged on single zigzag row on each radius. Mid-ventral tube feet 58, arranged on double rows, lacked from anterior quarter of holotype by sampling damages. Tentacles 18, fragile, easily damaged and detached during the sampling process, with cylindrical stems, and shape of terminal disc unknown. Papillae, tube feet, and tentacles nonretractile. Calcareous ring (Fig. 3 A), rudimentary fragile continuous ring, consists of 5 radial and 5 interradial elements, surrounding pharynx. Each element of calcareous ring incompletely calcified, tilted so that the anterior opens outward. Radial elements (R in Fig. 3 A) with 3 short anterior processes (Rap in Fig. 3 A) and a deep indentation (Rdn in Fig. 3 A) in posterior edge. Interradial elements (IR in Fig. 3 A) with single anterior process (IRap in Fig. 3 A). Neither element having any opening nor posterior process. Gonad white paired tuft, comprising multi-branched genital vesicles, connected into a central genital duct opened at anterior dorsum. Polian vesicle single, elongate, 20 mm long, white. Stone canal single, along with the mid dorsal mesentery to opening at anterior dorsal body wall. Body skin transparent white on dorsal and ventral in alcohol (Fig. 2 A, 2 B). Whole of tube feet and stems of tentacles also transparent white in alcohol. Ossicles. On dorsal body wall three forms of wheel ossicles: large wheels having both triangular rim teeth and calcareous membrane; mid-sized wheels, having triangular rim teeth, but calcareous membrane incompletely covering the nave; small wheels lacking both of them (Fig. 4). Large wheels (Fig. 4 A) 131 – 253 µm in diameter (mean 220 µm, N = 26), with 12 – 14, rarely 16 spokes (N = 26), 4 or 5 central rays (N = 15), thin calcareous membrane covering or narrowing the nave, and triangular rim teeth 19 – 45 µm high (mean 35 µm, N = 26). Mid-sized wheels (Fig. 4 B) 56 – 104 µm in diameter (mean 83 µm, N = 14), with 8 – 11 spokes (N = 14), 3 or 5 central rays (N = 14), calcareous membrane incompletely covering concave side of the nave, sometimes having bar shaped processes derived inwardly from inner edge of the connecting central portion and narrowing the nave, and having rounded triangular rim teeth 8 – 16 µm long (mean 11 µm, N = 14). Small wheels (Fig. 4 C) 42 – 66 µm in diameter (mean 53 µm, N = 26), with 9 – 12 spokes (N = 26), usually 4, rarely 3 or 5 central rays (N = 26), without rim teeth and calcareous membrane, rarely having small additional irregular holes on the rim (N = 2, Fig. 4 C 2). Wheel ossicles are distributed high densely, omnipresently in dorsal body wall. Ossicles in ventral body wall also four forms of wheels, large wheels, mid-sized wheels, small wheels, and perforated wheels (Fig. 5). Large wheels (Fig. 5 A) 125 – 205 µm in diameter (mean 175 µm, N = 15), with 12 – 15 spokes (N = 15), usually 4, occasionally 5 central rays (N = 10), thin calcareous membrane covering or narrowing the nave, and triangular brim teeth 12 – 32 µm high (mean 27 µm, N = 14). Mid-sized wheels (Fig. 5 B) 74 – 122 µm in diameter (mean 95 µm, N = 5), with 10 or 11 spokes (N = 5), usually 4 central rays (N = 5), calcareous membrane incompletely covering concave side of the nave, sometimes having bar shaped processes derived inwardly from inner edge of the connecting central portion and narrowing the nave, and rounded triangular rim teeth 9 – 15 µm long (mean 11 µm, N = 5). Small wheels (Fig. 5 C) 35 – 58 µm in diameter (mean 43 µm, N = 41), with 8 – 11, usually 10 spokes (N = 41), usually 4 central rays (N = 41), without rim teeth and calcareous membrane, rarely having small additional holes on the rim (N = 2, Fig. 5 C 2). Perforated wheels (Fig. 5 D), without rim teeth and calcareous membrane, having 31 irregular arranged perforations, rarely present in ventral body wall (N = 1, 39 µm in diameter). Wheel ossicles distributed high densely, omnipresently in ventral body wall. Ossicles in tentacles are only rod ossicles (Fig. 3 B). Rod ossicles slightly arched, 212 – 406 µm long (mean 302 µm, N = 9), 11 – 19 µm wide (mean 15 µm, N = 9), with sometimes obtuse minute spines scattered on whole ossicles. Variations of paratypes. Body sizes of the three paratypes range between 61 – 78 mm in length and 11 – 15 mm in width, so they are smaller than holotype. All paratype specimens were in poor condition because they are damaged during sampling (Fig. 2 C), so the arrangement of dorsal papillae was not observed. Ventral-lateral and dorsal papillae of paratypes are mostly broken off, making it difficult to count. One of the paratypes (NSMT E- 9443), however, clearly shows a smaller number of tube feet than holotype: 15 – 27 in ventral-lateral radii and 29 in midventral radius. Oral parts of the paratypes are damaged, and the tentacle numbers are unknown. Body skin is transparent white on dorsal and ventral sides in unpreserved specimens (Fig. 2 C). Whole of tube feet and stems of tentacle are also transparent white in living specimens. Ossicles. Ossicles in the dorsal body wall of holotype consisting of only three types of wheels (large wheels, mid-sized wheels and small wheels), and one paratype (NSMT E- 9443) additionally possesses perforated wheels (Fig. 4 D). Large wheels of a paratype NSMT E- 9443 are smaller than of holotype 78 – 146 µm in diameter (mean 107 µm, N = 13), with 12 – 14 spokes, and a number of central rays show a larger variation range (4 – 6 central rays, N = 6), but the length of triangular rim teeth is smaller than of holotype (12 – 25 µm high, mean 16 µm, N = 39 in NSMT E- 9443). Mid-sized wheels of the paratype NSMT E- 9443 ranged 49 – 80 µm in diameter (mean 67 µm, N = 12), with 9 – 17 spokes (N = 12), 3 or 4 central rays (N = 12), and having rounded triangular rim teeth 4 – 18 µm high (mean 8 µm, N = 12). Small wheels of the paratype NSMT E- 9443 were 38 – 66 µm in diameter (mean 46 µm, N = 29), with 9 – 12 spokes (N = 29), usually 4 central rays (N = 29), without rim teeth and calcareous membrane, sometimes having small additional holes on the rim (N = 2). Perforated wheels were rarely present in dorsal body wall (N = 1, with 49 µm in diameter, 27 perforations, Fig. 4 D). Ossicles of the paratypes are also distributed in high density and are omnipresent in the dorsal body wall. Ossicle composition in ventral body wall also varies between holotype and one paratype (NSMT E- 9443). Holotype comprises four types of wheels in the ventral body wall, but one paratype (NSMT E- 9443) only possesses small wheels and perforated wheels. The size of the small wheels is slightly smaller than in the paratype NSMT E- 9443: small wheels 35 – 58 µm in diameter (mean 43 µm, N = 77 from 2 individuals), with 8 – 11. Perforated wheels rarely present in dorsal body wall (N = 1, 51 µm in diameter with 32 holes, from 2 individuals).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from two nearby sites on the upper continental slope in the northern part of the East China Sea. Off Goto Islands, Japan, 403 – 453 m deep (open rhombuses in Fig. 1, present study).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the T / V Nagasaki-maru which collected all type specimens.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA69FFC1FF33FD7DD0FDF831.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pannychia nagasakimaruae sp. nov. is distinguished from congeners by the following 6 morphological characters (Table 1): i) dorsal and ventral body walls transparent white, ii) dorsal papillae arranged in two rows on each radius, iii) ventral papillae absent, iv) mid-sized wheel ossicles present in dorsal and ventral body walls, v) small wheels in dorsal and ventral body walls lacking rim teeth, and vi) perforated wheels present in dorsal and ventral body walls. The present species, P. nagasakimaruae sp. nov., shows different morphological characteristics compared to all the eight nominal species / subspecies of Pannychia. This species differs from P. henrici, P. virgulifera, and P. moseleyi mollis in the arrangement of the dorsal papillae in double rows on each radius and in the absence of rod ossicles in the dorsal and ventral body walls. In contrast to P. taylorae and P. multiradiata, this new species differs in the maximum diameter of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body walls not exceeding 300 µm, and is distinguished by the presence of mid-sized wheel ossicles and perforated wheel ossicles in dorsal / ventral body walls of P. moseleyi and P. pallida, and by the absence of ventral papillae from L. fecundum. In particular, the presence of mid-sized wheels and perforated wheels are unique morphological characters among the so far known species of Pannychia including all the synonymous taxa of P. moseleyi and P. virgulifera. Our molecular phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 9) showed genetic differences between the present species and congeners that support this morphological character reflecting interspecific differences between the present species and congeners.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	description	(Figs. 6 – 8) [New Japanese name: Misaki-hage-namako]	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	materials_examined	Type materials. Holotype: NSMT E- 13404 (INSD accession number LC 750305, 629 bps), off Misaki, Miura Peninsula, Kanagawa, Sagami Bay, Japan, 35 ° 6.998 ′ – 35 ° 7.291 ′ N 139 ° 34.158 ′ – 139 ° 33.36 ′ E, depth 267 – 276 m, R / V Rinkai-maru, St. 2, 15 May 2013 (r 1 in Fig. 1). Paratypes: NSMT E- 13416 (1 specimen, INSD accession number LC 750306, 641 bps), west of Johgashima Island, Miura Peninsula, Kanawaga, Sagami Bay, Japan, 35 ° 7.186 ′ – 35 ° 7.275 ′ N 139 ° 33.618 – 139 ° 33.272 ′ E, depth 267 – 276 m, R / V Rinkai-maru St. 2, 20 Oct. 2014 (r 2 in Fig. 1); NSMT E- 9439 (1 specimen), Sagami Bay, Japan, 34 ° 39.889 ′ – 34 ° 40.03 ′ N 139 ° 12.191 – 139 ° 13.866 ′ E, depth 504 – 551 m, R / V Tansei-maru KT 07 - 31 cruise St. L- 3 - 500, 27 Nov. 2007 (t 1 in Fig. 1); NSMT E- 9440 (1 specimen), northwest of Izu-Ohshima, Sagami Bay, Japan, 34 ° 45.3 ′ – 34 ° 45.4 ′ N 139 ° 18.8 – 139 ° 19.5 ′ E, depth 406 – 371 m, T / V Shin’yo-maru St. 40, 24 Oct. 2002 (s 1 in Fig. 1); NSMT E- 9441 (4 specimens), Okinose, Sagami Bay, Japan, 34 ° 55.5 ′ – 34 ° 55.4 ′ N, 139 ° 40.2 – 139 ° 40.5 ′ E, depth 375 – 275 m, T / V Shin’yo-maru St. 9, 18 Oct. 2003 (s 2 in Fig. 1); NSMT E- 13417 (1 specimen, INSD accession number LC 750307, 644 bps), east of Kasayama Bank, off Goto Islands, the East China Sea, Japan, 32 ° 12.013 ′ N, 128 ° 54.825 ′ E, depth 403 – 413 m, T / V Nagasaki-maru N 365 cruise St. 6, 19 Nov. 2012 (n 3 in Fig. 1).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	description	Description of holotype. Body sub-cylindrical with flat ventrum, 101 mm long, 31 mm wide, 16 mm high (Fig. 6). Body wall thick, soft. Mouth subventral. Anus at posterior end of body. Dorsal papillae conical, distributed on both sides of ventral-lateral and dorsal radii. Ventral-lateral papillae, up to 3 mm long, count 22 and 23 in number on left and right ventral-lateral radius, arranged in single row on each radius. Dorsal papillae up to 4 mm, mixing several larger ones, up to 12 mm long, count 70 and 65 in number on left and right dorsal radii, arranged in double rows on each radius. Tube feet cylindrical, slightly tapering toward tips on both sides of ventral-lateral and mid ventral radii. Ventral-lateral tube feet count 26 and 29 in number on left and right ventral radii, arranged in a single straight or zigzag row in each radius. Mid-ventral tube feet count 21 in number, arranged in a zigzag row, more crowded posteriorly. Tentacles 19, with cylindrical stems, and circle terminal discs. Papillae, tube feet, and tentacles nonretractile. Calcareous ring a rudimentary fragile continuous ring, consists of 5 radial and 5 interradial elements, surrounding the pharynx, but outline of each element not clear (Fig. 7 A). Each element of the calcareous ring incompletely calcified, tilted so that the anterior opens outward. Radial elements (R in Fig. 7 A) with 3 short anterior processes (Rap in Fig. 7 A) and a large opening at base of anterior processes (Ro in Fig. 7 A). Posterior edge of radial elements slightly depressed. Interradial elements (IR in Fig. 7 A) with single anterior process (IRap in Fig. 7 A), without posterior process. Gonads slightly yellow paired tuft, comprising multi-branched genital vesicles, connected into central genital duct opened at anterior mid dorsal body wall with single genital papilla. Polian vesicle single, elongated tube, 19.3 mm long, derived from left ventral side of pharynx, white color. Stone canal single cylindrical tube with a hemispherical end, 0.26 mm long, derived from right ventral side of pharynx, tube white colored, brown color at the ends. Dorsal body skin pink to reddish brown in alcohol (Fig. 6 A), light pink in living specimens (Fig. 6 C). Ventral body skin yellowish white in alcohol (Fig. 6 B), transparent white in living specimens (Fig. 6 D). Dorsal papillae dark violet in living state (Fig. 6 C), its color well preserved in alcohol (Fig. 6 A). Discs of tube feet white in living state (Fig. 6 D). Discs of tentacles light yellow in living state (Fig. 6 D). After preservation, both changed from off white to yellowish white in alcohol (Fig. 6 B). Ossicles. Ossicles in dorsal body wall are two forms of wheels: large wheels having both triangular rim teeth and a calcareous membrane, and small wheels lacking calcareous membrane, but having cylindrical rim teeth (Fig. 8 A, 8 B). Large wheels (Fig. 8 A) 141 – 214 µm in diameter (mean 198 µm, N = 30), with 10 – 12 spokes (N = 30), 4 central rays (N = 14), triangular rim teeth on inner rim, 21 – 41 µm high (mean 33 µm, N = 30). Calcareous membranes derived from inner edge of connecting central portion. Small wheels (Fig. 8 B) 40 – 73 µm in diameter (mean 48 µm, N = 10), with 6 – 10 spokes (N = 10), usually 4, rarely 3 central rays (N = 10), mostly with cylindrical rim teeth derived inward from inter-spokes part of rim. Tips of rim teeth sometimes T-shaped branched and bridged with neighbor ones. Ossicles distributed high densely, omnipresently in dorsal body wall. Ossicles in ventral body wall usually consist of two forms of wheels: large wheels and small wheels (Fig. 8 C, 8 D). Large wheels slightly smaller than dorsal ones (Fig. 8 C), 109 – 209 µm in diameter (mean 163 µm, N = 23), with usually 11 or 12 spokes, rarely 8 or 10 (N = 23), usually 4 central rays (N = 11), triangular rim teeth on inner rim 17 – 31 µm long (mean 26 µm, N = 23). Calcareous membranes derived from inner edge of connecting central portion, sometimes. Small wheels (Fig. 8 D) 34 – 62 µm in diameter (mean 40 µm, N = 27), with mostly 8 – 10, rarely 6 or 7 spokes (N = 26), usually 4, rarely 3 central rays (N = 73), always with cylindrical rim teeth like dorsal ones. Ossicles distributed high densely, omnipresently in ventral body wall. Ossicles in tentacles only rods (Fig. 7 B). Rod ossicles distinctly arched, 91 – 583 µm long (mean 351 µm, N = 25), 5 – 36 µm wide (mean 18 µm, N = 25), usually with minute conical spines scattered on whole ossicles and clouded on both ends. Ossicles in tube feet rods and end plates (Fig. 7 C, 7 D). Rod ossicles nearly straight, 209 – 364 µm long (mean 282 µm, N = 24), 10 – 24 µm wide (mean 15 µm, N = 24), usually with minute conical spines restricted on ends or sometimes completely lacking spines. Variations of paratypes. Body sizes of the 8 paratypes range between 32 – 96 mm in length, 11 – 19 mm in width, and 12 – 16 mm in height, obviously smaller than holotype. Numbers of ventral-lateral papillae are 5 – 23, and numbers of dorsal papillae 23 – 81. Papillae arrange in a single row on each ventrolateral radius, and a zigzag row or double rows on each dorsal radius. Numbers of tube feet are 19 – 29 in ventral-lateral radii and 20 – 35 in mid radius. The number of mid tube feet dose not correlate with the body length. Tentacle numbers are 15 – 20, but some paratypes loose several tentacles during sampling. Dorsal body skin is pink to reddish brown in alcohol, sometimes decolorized and becoming transparent (NSMT E- 9439 – 9441). Ventral body skin is white to yellowish white in alcohol. Dorsal papillae are reddish brown to dark violet, well preserved in alcohol. Discs of tube feet and tentacles are off white to yellowish white in alcohol, sometimes pigmented with reddish or violet particles (NSMT E- 13416 and E- 13417). Ossicles. Most of paratypes possess two types of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body wall while a paratype, NSMT E- 9439, comprises large wheels and small wheels. Large wheel ossicles of paratypes show larger ranges of ossicle diameters than holotype: 142 – 269 μm in diameter of ossicles (mean 250 µm, N = 7 in NSMT E- 9440; mean 232 µm, N = 28 in NSMT E- 9441 - A 3 individuals), 7 – 13 spokes (N = 35 from NSMT E- 9440 and E- 9441 - A), and usually 4 but rarely 5 central rays (N = 26 from NSMT E- 9440 and E- 9441 - A). Small wheels of the dorsal body wall show similar ranges of ossicle diameters, 39 – 67 µm in diameter (mean 50 µm, N = 44 in NSMT E- 9440; mean 49 µm, N = 25 in NSMT E- 9441 - A), and the other morphological characters are consistent with those of holotype. Ossicles of paratypes are also distributed in high density and are omnipresent in their dorsal body walls. Morphologies of ossicles in ventral body wall are similar between holotype and a paratype NSMT E- 9439.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from the upper continental slopes located in the warm temperate zone of Japanese waters: 251 – 551 m deep in Sagami Bay and 304 – 310 m deep off Goto Islands (closed circles in Fig. 1, present study).	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after the R / V Rinkai - maru collected holotype.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
D2570167CA67FFDBFF33FF10D1F6FA6D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pannychia rinkaimaruae sp. nov. is characterized by the following 5 morphological characters (Table 1): i) colorings of the body skin, pink to reddish brown on the dorsum, white on the venter, and reddish brown to dark violet on the dorsal papillae, ii) dorsal papillae arranged in two rows on each radius, iii) ventral papillae absent, iv) mid-sized wheel ossicles absent, and v) small wheel ossicles in the dorsal and ventral body walls with rim teeth. Compared to all the eight nominal species / subspecies of this genus, P. rinkaimaruae sp. nov. shows morphological differences. The present new species differs from P. henrici, P. virgulifera, and P. moseleyi mollis in the arrangement of dorsal papillae in double rows on each radius and in the absence of rod ossicles in dorsal and ventral body walls. This new species is distinguished from P. taylorae and P. multiradiata by the maximum diameter of large wheel ossicles in dorsal body walls not exceeding 300 µm, and from P. moseleyi and P. pallida by small wheel ossicles in dorsal and ventral body walls having rim teeth, and from L. fecundum by the absence of ventral papillae. The other congeners and some species of Laetmogone Théel, 1879 also have small wheel ossicles, but the small wheel ossicles of P. rinkaimaruae sp. nov. have rim teeth, and this microstructure is unique to this new species. This microstructure shows that this species is clearly distinct from congeners including synonymous taxa of P. moseleyi and P. virgulifera in terms of morphological characters, and genetic differences between the present species and congeners in our molecular phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 9) also support this morphological character reflecting interspecific differences between the present species and congeners.	en	Ogawa, Akito, Kobayashi, Itaru, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fujita, Toshihiko (2023): Two new species of the bathyal holothurian genus Pannychia (Elasipodida, Laetmogonidae) from Japanese waters. Zootaxa 5323 (1): 105-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5323.1.6
