identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C0CC53D2961683614B6B179650735EA3.text	C0CC53D2961683614B6B179650735EA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ekboarmia Wehrli 1943	<div><p>Ekboarmia Wehrli, 1943</p><p>Ekboarmia Wehrli, 1943, Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 4 (Supplement.): 517. Type species: Boarmia atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859 [replacement name].</p><p>Rhoptria Gumppenberg, 1892, Nova acta Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino- Carolinae Germanicae Naturae Curiosorum 58: 299. Type species: Boarmia atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859. [Junior homonym of Rhoptria Guenée, 1857 ( Geometridae: Ennominae)].</p><p>Diversity and distribution.</p><p>Four species in the West-Mediterranean area, including the French Alps, Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia in Italy, and Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia in North Africa (Fig. 17).</p><p>External characters and abdomen.</p><p>Medium-sized, wingspan 18-29 mm. Wings grey-brown or different shades of brown, markings blackish. Postmedial line prominent, on forewing it is rather smooth, dentate or even zigzag-shaped, turning inwards near costa, outer margin bordered with whitish. Fovea absent. Venation (Figs 1-2); Sc free, R1 and R2 in forewing completely coincident, often approaching the stem of R3+R4 near its base, rarely anastomosing with it. Common stalk (stem) of R3-R5 remote from upper corner of cell (= origin of M1). R3 and R5 branching off rather basally (proximally). Hindwing with large frenulum. Veins Rs and CuA1 arising remote from upper and lower corner of cell. Space between M1 and M3 large. 3A present, weak, reaching posterior margin just behind middle. Male antennae bipectinate almost to the tip (5-8 apical segments unpectinated), rami narrow, dorsally unscaled, arising proximally on ventral side from rather long flagellomeres. Female antennae filiform. Frons flat, rather broad, smooth-scaled, palps porrect or slightly curved upwards, rough-scaled, reaching well beyond frons. Haustellum moderately developed. Chaetosemata round type, near eye margin, well developed. Male hindtibia with weak hair pencil (if not everted, a weak groove visible only), hindtibia of both sexes with 2+2 spurs (index of spurs 0-2-4). Setal comb (oval field) of minute setae present on abdominal sternite 3 (Figs 3-5), weak sterno-tympanal process laterally on sternite 1+2, with short, free, distally rounded end. Male with tergites 1 and 2 more strongly sclerotised, 8th tergite weakly triangular, posterior margin narrower, other abdominal segments membranous and without modifications. Tympanal cavities without lacinia, medium-sized.</p><p>Male genitalia.</p><p>Uncus triangular, with slightly elongated tip, apex rounded. Socii absent. Gnathos arms fused ventrally, upturned, plate-shaped. Valva evenly narrowing towards apex, costa sclerotised, apical part of valva with narrow, setose ridge. Juxta sclerotised, with two large arms, inner and/or distal margins serrate or dentate. Saccus elongated, upturned medially. Phallus deeply cleft distally, with dorsal and ventral sclerotised process, latter shorter, gradually narrowing to pointed tip, dorsal one longer, spatulate, with narrow base which is bent by everted vesica. Cae cum with sclerotised band on ventral side only, dorsal side membranous. Vesica slightly enlarged at base, without cornuti.</p><p>Female genitalia.</p><p>Papillae anales rather short, oval, setose. Lamella antevaginalis sclerotised, loosely V-shaped transverse band. Lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotised, rounded plate. Ductus bursae short, fluted, membranous. Colliculum elongate, sclerotised. Corpus bursae elongated, oval, membranous, without sclerotisations. Signum stellate, of medium size, small or absent.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Probably all species feed on Juniper needles. Larva of Ekboarmia atlanticaria has been recorded on (Culot 1919) and found on Juniperus phoenicea (Zangheri 1968; Corley 2004) and that of Ekboarmia sagnesi has been reared on Juniperus communis (Colomb 2005). Moths are found in a variety of habitat types from coastal dunes to open pine forests to mountain slopes with scattered trees and bushes, from sea-level to 1400 metres.</p><p>Immature stages.</p><p>Larvae of Ekboarmia sagnesi (see Colomb 2005) and Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see Fig. 6 and Spuler 1904) are green needle-mimics that closely match the needles of their Juniperus foodplants. Larvae of both species have a row of red dots dorsally, interspersed with yellow and white markings both dorsally and laterally. Pupa typical (Fig. 7), with D2 setae in the cremaster fused and elongated.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ekboarmia has recently been classified in Ennominae tribe Boarmiini (Vives Moreno 1994; Leraut 1997; Hausmann et al. 2011). Pupal cremaster with setae D2 fused and elongated supports this placement.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0CC53D2961683614B6B179650735EA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skou, Peder;Stuening, Dieter;Sihvonen, Pasi	Skou, Peder, Stuening, Dieter, Sihvonen, Pasi (2017): Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1): 39-63, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
7DBAF46DAED62816FA6CE50BCB9183A8.text	7DBAF46DAED62816FA6CE50BCB9183A8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ekboarmia atlanticaria (Staudinger 1859) Staudinger 1859	<div><p>Ekboarmia atlanticaria (Staudinger, 1859)</p><p>atlanticaria atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859, Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 20 (7-9): 218, ( Boarmia ?). Syntypes 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (MNHU), 1 ♂ (ZFMK; genitalia dissected by E. Wehrli, prep. number 5199). Spain: Andalusia, near Chiclana (examined externally, illustrated also in Albers &amp; Warnecke (1941), plate II, figs. 9, 12 (on p. 332).</p><p>=atlanticaria gracilis Albers &amp; Warnecke, 1941, Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologische Gesellschaft 31 (1): 115, pl. 4, fig. 40, ( Boarmia). Syntypes 4♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (2 syntype ♂♂ in Universität Hamburg, Centrum für Naturkunde, Germany), [Morocco]: Mehedya (examined externally, based on a photograph in the original description). Downgraded from subspecific rank of Ekboarmia atlanticaria gracilis (for instance Scoble 1999; Leraut 2009) to synonymy with Boarmia (?) atlanticaria atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859 (syn. n.), based on the absence of distinct morphological or molecular structures and adjoining distribution area. See Remarks.</p><p>atlanticaria holli Oberthür, 1909, Ètudes de Lépidoptérologie comparée 3: 412, pl. 27, fig. 152, ( Hemerophila). Holotype male (ZFMK), Algeria: Alger [Originally as sp.] (examined, including genitalia, dissected by E. Wehrli, prep. number 5193). Infrasubspecific names, probably unavailable: pallidior Lucas, 1956 (f.).</p><p>Examined non-type material.</p><p>139 specimens (100♂♂, 39♀♀; data provided in a Suppl. material 1).</p><p>External characters and abdomen</p><p>(Figs 8, 9, 13). Wingspan 19-27 mm, medium-sized species in the genus. Wings grey-brown, forewing medial area darker brown, general appearance somewhat smooth, slightly glossy. Forewing with antemedial line inclined, deeply V-shaped and acutely angled back towards base but often this part very narrow and only weakly visible. Forewing medial line narrow, often strongest and approaching postmedial line near inner margin. Forewing postmedial line dark-brown to blackish, inclined, weakly dentate on veins, shallowly curved inwards between veins, dark brown, deeply V-shaped and angled towards base (along vein M1) near apex, angled again towards apex before reaching costa. Forewing postmedial line not angled outwards at inner margin and medial area narrow. Dark brown to blackish streak in forewing subapical area, often appearing as an extension of postmedial line. Outer margin bordered with whitish. Subterminal line mostly present, but indistinct, dark grey or brown, more or less parallel and close to termen. Terminal line blackish, narrow, often discontinuous, stronger at vein endings. Fringes uniform grey-brown. Hindwing medial line weakly curved, strongest near inner margin, often absent towards costa. Area between medial and postmedial lines often darker than remaining wing surface. Hindwing postmedial line weakly dentate, more strongly curved outwards than medial line, outer margin whitish. Hindwing subterminal line grey or brown, diffuse. Forewing discal spots blackish, small, distinct. Hindwing discal spots smaller. Wings below grey-brown, medial lines diffuse. Postmedial line discontinuous, with blackish dentation, discal spots and terminal line blackish. Course of postmedial line differs from that of upperside, antemedial line hardly visible. Frons, collar, thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings. Antennae concolorous with wings dorsally. Morphological structure of antennae, hindtibia, tympanal organs, tergites and sternites of abdomen as mentioned in generic description.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Spring generation much larger. Wings vary from grey-brown to different shades of brown. Medial area sometimes completely suffused with dark grey or brown. Terminal line can be continuous or discontinuous. Very rarely specimens occur with stronger dentation on postmedial line and/or a shallow incision near inner margin, producing a somewhat fascinataria -like appearance. We consider such specimens to fall within intraspecific variation of atlanticaria . The male syntype of atlanticaria from Andalusia in coll. ZFMK shows this feature.</p><p>Male genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 18). Uncus narrow, elongated, apex round. Socii absent. Gnathos arms fused ventrally, upturned, plate-shaped, surface rather smooth, margin round. Valva evenly narrowing towards apex, costa sclerotised, apical part of valva with narrow, setose ridge. Juxta arms large, rather narrow, dentate at apex only, base solid. Saccus elongated, upturned medially. Phallus narrow, caecum very short. Longer phallus apex elongate-oval, becoming bent when vesica is everted. Vesica enlarged at base, everts at c. 135 degree angle, without cornuti.</p><p>Female genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 22). Papillae anales slightly elongated, setose. Apophyses posteriores longer (about 1.6 ×) than apophyses anteriores. Lateral arms of lamella antevaginalis weakly sclerotised. Lamella postvaginalis weakly sclerotised, rounded plate with caudal, acute process. Ductus bursae very short, fluted, colliculum long, narrow. Corpus bursae elongated, oval, without sclerotisations. Signum distinctly stellate, of medium size.</p><p>Subspecies</p><p>holli . The holotype is large, greyish-brown (Fig. 13i). In ZFMK is a series of distinctly smaller specimens, collected later in the year, probably a similar phenomenon of seasonal variation as for taxon gracilis, see Remarks. The specimens from Tunisia (Fig. 13j, k) are reared and it is therefore difficult to form a judgement upon them. DNA barcodes of Tunisian specimens are distinct from other Ekboarmia atlanticaria specimens (see under Genetic data). No specimens from Algeria were available for DNA barcoding. Historically the subspecies has been delimited to occur in Tunisia and Algeria. We do not propose formal changes to the current classification because more research is needed.</p><p>Distribution and abundance</p><p>(Fig. 17). West-Mediterranean. In Europe only in southwestern Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands, and Sardinia. There is also a record of a single specimen from southern France, undoubtedly a migrant from outside the known distribution area, of which the closest is the Balearic Islands. Outside Europe, in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. In Europe a somewhat local but not rare species, which can be found in limited numbers in its localities.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Multivoltine. Recorded from early March to early November with a few additional records in late January, February, and December. Larvae have been found in February (Staudinger 1859), in March, and mid October (M. Corley, pers. comm.). Hibernation probably takes place as egg, larva, and pupa, or a combination of these. The moths are nocturnal and both sexes come readily to light.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Larva monophagous. It has been found on Juniperus phoenicea (Staudinger 1859; Zangheri 1968; Corley 2004).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>In a variety of habitat types where the foodplant occurs, including coastal dunes as well as non-sandy inland localities. From sea level up to 300 m; according to Redondo et al. (2009) up to 500 m.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>BIN: BOLD: AAD7906 (n=11 from Morocco, Portugal and Spain including the Balearics belonging to nominal subspecies) (Fig. 26). In Tunisia (putative subsp. holli) with two separate, sympatrically occurring BINs (BOLD: ABZ3161, n=3) diverging by 1.0% and (BOLD: ABZ6474, n=2) and by 2.2% from the Iberian and Moroccan populations. Ekboarmia sagnesi samples were nested within Ekboarmia atlanticaria groups (only short sequences available for the former, see Ekboarmia sagnesi). Distance from Ekboarmia miniaria 3.5% and from Ekboarmia sagnesi 1.5%.</p><p>Similar species.</p><p>Forewing postmedial line weakly dentate and not angled outwards towards posterior margin in Ekboarmia atlanticaria (strongly dentate or zigzag-shaped and sharply angled outwards towards posterior margin in Ekboarmia fascinataria). Forewing medial area narrow at posterior margin in Ekboarmia atlanticaria (wide in Ekboarmia fascinataria). The not closely related Menophra harterti (Rothschild, 1912) has striated hindwings and forewing postmedial line is continuous, reaching wing margin below apex. The medial area of the not closely related Ecleora solieraria (Rambur, 1834) is not dark and hindwing postmedial line is rather straight (see Flamigni et al. 2007 for illustrations).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Taxon gracilis from Morocco has been considered valid at subspecies level (e.g., Scoble 1999; Leraut 2009). The description of taxon gracilis was based on a series of nine males and females, collected in August and November, and the specimens are very small and dark greyish-brown. In our opinion type specimens belong to a summer or autumn generation, probably developed under dry conditions. Wet conditions in winter and spring yield larger specimens (see Fig. 13g). Same hypothesis has been presented by Wehrli (1943 in Wehrli 1939-1954). One specimen from Moroc co was available for barcoding and it nested within Ekboarmia atlanticaria subsp. atlanticaria specimens from the Iberian Peninsula. Due to similarity in barcodes, adjunct geographical distribution on the opposite sides of Straits of Gibraltar, and presumably seasonal variation of external appearance, we synonymize Boarmia atlanticaria gracilis Albers &amp; Warnecke, 1941 with Boarmia (?) atlanticaria atlanticaria Staudinger, 1859.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7DBAF46DAED62816FA6CE50BCB9183A8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skou, Peder;Stuening, Dieter;Sihvonen, Pasi	Skou, Peder, Stuening, Dieter, Sihvonen, Pasi (2017): Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1): 39-63, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
BB243478EE190AF50A65833C64730E2D.text	BB243478EE190AF50A65833C64730E2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ekboarmia fascinataria (Staudinger 1900) Staudinger 1900	<div><p>Ekboarmia fascinataria (Staudinger, 1900)</p><p>fascinataria Staudinger, 1900, Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris 12: 395, pl. 6, fig. 3, ( Boarmia). Holotype female (MNHU), [Algeria]: Teniet el Had (examined externally, illustrated also in Albers &amp; Warnecke (1941), plate II, fig. 10 (on p. 332).</p><p>Examined non-type material.</p><p>65 specimens (22♂♂, 43♀♀; data provided in Suppl. material 1).</p><p>External characters and abdomen</p><p>(Figs 10, 14). Generally as Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see above), but with following differences. Wingspan 24-29 mm, large species in the genus. General appearance somewhat rough. Forewing postmedial line distinctly dentate, even zigzagged, angled sharply outwards above posterior margin and medial area wide at that margin.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Wingspan varies quite a lot, the holotype female (collected in May/June) with 29 mm wingspan is the biggest specimen encountered so far. Specimens in the ZFMK collection, collected from March to May in Algeria, Hammam Righa are almost of the same size, while a large series from June consists of distinctly smaller specimens (figured as 1st and 2nd generation in Wehrli 1939-1954). Wing colour varies from grey-brown to grey; males of the Algerian 2nd generation are considerably darker than the females. In addition, a small number of specimens are found in which the forewing postmedial line is not distinctly angled outwards at inner margin. Such specimens, in which this character is somewhat transitional between Ekboarmia fascinataria and Ekboarmia atlanticaria, are nevertheless identified as Ekboarmia fascinataria, as all other relevant characters are typical for this species.</p><p>Male genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 19). Generally somewhat larger and more robust than Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see above), but without any noticeable differences. Base of the juxta tends to be a little longer and narrower, the incision between the furca-arms narrower. The spatulate process at apex of phallus seems to be more elongated and parallel-sided (elongated-oval in Ekboarmia atlanticaria). Large differences as recently published by Leraut (2009, fig. 96) were not observed.</p><p>Female genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 23). Generally as Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see above), but little more robust, with slight, rather gradual differences. Apophyses anteriores and posteriores, and lamella antevaginalis are longer and stronger, lamella postvaginalis is a larger, more equally rounded plate, colliculum longer, but narrower, corpus bursae with a shallow and a more strongly rounded side. Signum a little larger, with fewer but larger marginal teeth. However, all or some of these characters may be due to variation and should be verified by study of more material.</p><p>Distribution and abundance</p><p>(Fig. 17). Maghrebian. In Algeria and Morocco. The abundance of the species is unknown. Apparently it is some decades since it was last collected. No confirmed records from Europe, see Remarks.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Probably bivoltine. Only rather few and imprecise records available: February, March, April, May, June, October. Rungs (1981) gives February to June and September to November. Wehrli (1939-1954) mentions 'several generations’ and figures specimens of a 1st and 2nd generation. Larval time and hibernation are unknown. It is unknown when the adults fly, but probably at night.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>No data available.</p><p>Similar species.</p><p>Ekboarmia atlanticaria, see text above.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although the genitalia of Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria are similar, without distinct diagnostic characters, the validity at species level is supported by distinct external appearance and perhaps sympatric occurrence in Morocco and Algeria. This is not unique, as there are examples among the Geometridae and more widely in other Lepidoptera in which external appearance is distinct but the genitalia are rather homogenous (European examples include for instance Macaria notata - Macaria signaria, Isturgia limbaria - Isturgia roraria, Isturgia sparsaria - Isturgia messapiaria (Skou and Sihvonen 2015), Nemophora degeerella (Kozlov et al. 2016)), and DNA barcodes are para- or polyphyletic (Mutanen et al. 2016 pinpoint numerous Geometridae examples), and yet these taxa are considered valid at species level. The currently available data do not support synonymisation of Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria . DNA barcode and life history of Ekboarmia fascinataria are not known at the moment. These, when available, are likely to shed more light on the taxonomy.</p><p>Ekboarmia fascinataria has been recorded from France (Llauro, Department Pyrénées-Orientales by Bérard 1995) and it has been included in the French list of Lepidoptera (Leraut 1997) and in Fauna Europaea (Hausmann et al. 2011). In our opinion the specimen in Bérard (1995) is Ekboarmia atlanticaria and also Leraut (2009) states in his more recent publication that the species is not yet known from Europe. Expósito Hermosa (2007, p. 270) explains the identity of a male specimen from the Island of Formentera in the Baleares, recorded on 24 August, 1968. The conclusion is vague (our translation from Spanish): "male genitalia concur with the picture of Ekboarmia fascinataria from Morocco as illustrated in Albers and Warnecke (1941, p. 137, fig. 1); however, characters of Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria share a sufficient number of correlations and an important number of coincidences, so specimens of Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria share the same identity in Spain." Due to lack of confirmed records, we propose removal of Ekboarmia fascinataria from the European list until there is a reliable record.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB243478EE190AF50A65833C64730E2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skou, Peder;Stuening, Dieter;Sihvonen, Pasi	Skou, Peder, Stuening, Dieter, Sihvonen, Pasi (2017): Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1): 39-63, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
A88EA169981D318A770AFF6F932EFA75.text	A88EA169981D318A770AFF6F932EFA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ekboarmia sagnesi Dufay 1979	<div><p>Ekboarmia sagnesi Dufay, 1979</p><p>sagnesi Dufay, 1979, Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France 84: 129, figs 1-3, ( Ekboarmia). Holotype male (MNHN), France: Hautes-Alpes, high valley of the Romanche (examined externally, illustrated in Leraut (2009), plate 47, fig. 18, paratype male genitalia illustrated in Dufay (1979)). Paratype male (coll. Herbulot in Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Germany), France: Les Fréaux, près La Grave,, 1400 m, (H.A.) 20-VI-[19]79, C. Dufay leg (examined externally).</p><p>sagnesi herrerai Expósito Hermosa, 2007: SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 35 (138): 269, fig. 1-2, ( Ekboarmia). Holotype male (coll. A. Expósito Hermosa, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain), Spain, Andalusia: Jaén, Hornillos, Puente de Guada (genitalia examined). Junior synonym proposed by Leraut (2009), here confirmed.</p><p>Examined non-type material.</p><p>13 specimens (6♂♂, 7♀♀; data provided in a Suppl. material 1).</p><p>External characters and abdomen</p><p>(Figs 11, 15). Wingspan 25-29 mm, large species in the genus. Wings dark grey, sometimes with chocolate-brown tinge, rather uniform in colour. Forewing antemedial line black, narrow, deeply angled inwards below costa. Medial line narrow, barely visible and rather straight, strongest near posterior (inner) margin. Postmedial line distinct, particularly at inner margin, black, dentate, bordered white outside, weakly V-shaped and angled towards base subapically, angled again towards costa. Postmedial line not angled outwards near inner margin and medial area rather narrow. Hindwing medial line almost straight, not reaching costa. Hindwing postmedial line black, weakly dentate, outer margin bordered with white, weak or absent near costa. Subterminal line absent or very faint. Terminal line faint, continuous. Fringes concolorous with wings, uniform. Discal spots weak or absent. Wings below uniform pale greyish brown, postmedial line and discal spots most visible, antemedial line of forewing absent. Course of postmedial line in forewing does not conform to upperside. Frons, collar, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings. Other structures as in Ekboarmia atlanticaria, see above.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>Forewing medial area concolorous with wings or darker, particularly near inner margin. Forewing postmedial line can be rather smooth or distinctly dentate.</p><p>Male genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 20). Generally as Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see above). Setose ridge extends into medial part of valva in Ekboarmia sagnesi (medial ridge absent in other Ekboarmia species). Vesica opens at 90 degree angle (at 135 degree angle in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria). Juxta arms broader distally than basally, dentate or smooth along inner margin, always dentate distally, base with roundish lobe in Ekboarmia sagnesi (juxta arms gradually tapered towards apex, margin dentate at apex only in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria, base with elongated lobe in Ekboarmia miniaria).</p><p>Female genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 24). Generally as Ekboarmia atlanticaria (see above). Lamella antevaginalis broader. Signum small, weakly stellate in Ekboarmia sagnesi (signum distinctly stellate in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria, signum absent in Ekboarmia miniaria).</p><p>Distribution and abundance</p><p>(Fig. 17). Southwest European. Only few and isolated populations are known: In Val de la Romanche, Dept. Hautes-Alpes, France, from Valle de Luna and Velilla de Rio Carrión (Javier Gaston, pers. comm.), both in Leon Province and Sierra de Cazorla, Jaén Province, Spain. The species is unknown outside Europe. An apparently extremely local species that appears as single specimens or in limited numbers.</p><p>Weiss (1920) listed Ekboarmia atlanticaria from Spain, Sierra de Albarracin. We have not been able to trace the Weiss Collection, and since Ekboarmia atlanticaria has not been reported since from that area, which is unlikely to contain habitats suitable for this species, Weiss’s record is surely based on a misidentification. Redondo et al. (2009) mention Weiss’s record from Sierra de Albarracin also, suggesting it is possibly Ekboarmia sagnesi because potentially suitable habitats are present in the area (this record is shown as a question mark in the map). Ekboarmia sagnesi should certainly be looked for in Sierra de Albarracin.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Uni- or bivoltine. In Spain from early June to mid-July, in France from early May to late June and in August. Larval period and method of hibernation are unknown. The moths are nocturnal and come to light.</p><p>Biology .</p><p>Larva monophagous on Juniperus . Reared on Juniperus communis (C. Tautel pers. comm., Colomb 2005), but other Juniperus species are possible foodplants.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Mountain slopes with scattered trees and bushes. In France from 1150 to 1400 m, in Spain known from around 1200 to 1400 m. In Spain, Leon found on slopes with Juniperus sabina (Tomas Molina, pers. comm.).</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>Ekboarmia sagnesi specimens (n=3 from France and Spain, including the holotype of taxon herrerai), grouped within Ekboarmia atlanticaria, as the sister-group to Ekboarmia atlanticaria specimens from the Iberian Peninsula, the Balearic Islands and Morocco (Fig. 26). Distances from Ekboarmia atlanticaria 1.5% (from its Tunisian populations 2.0%) and 3.9% from Ekboarmia miniaria . The barcodes of Ekboarmia sagnesi were incomplete, only 127-273 bp in length, so the results must be considered tentative.</p><p>Similar species.</p><p>There are no similar species in Europe. Rather uniform greyish brown colour and small angle in forewing postmedial line near costa are diagnostic.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Colomb (2005) illustrated a superficial, hand-drawn picture of the female genitalia, which shows an unusual curved, probably sclerotised structure on the corpus bursae. We have not observed such structure in any of the Ekboarmia sagnesi specimens examined, and the signum (which Colomb apparently did not illustrate) of Ekboarmia sagnesi is weakly stellate, not resembling such curved structure. Second author was able, through the courtesy of Claude Tautel, to re-examine the badly damaged genitalia, preserved in a tube with glycerol pinned under the moth. Remaining sclerotised parts clearly showed the identity with Ekboarmia sagnesi, membranous parts were largely lost, even though attempts were made to make them visible by staining. The curved, probably sclerotised structure was loosely floating around in the tube and not attached to a membrane. It probably was lying on the bursa only accidentally when the original drawing was made.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A88EA169981D318A770AFF6F932EFA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skou, Peder;Stuening, Dieter;Sihvonen, Pasi	Skou, Peder, Stuening, Dieter, Sihvonen, Pasi (2017): Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1): 39-63, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
C4C0C6C3F5664884D16C97CCA6D5CB42.text	C4C0C6C3F5664884D16C97CCA6D5CB42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ekboarmia miniaria	<div><p>Ekboarmia miniaria sp. n.</p><p>Type-locality and type-specimen.</p><p>Holotype male, pinned, with genitalia on a separate slide. Original labels: HOLOTYPE/ Ekboarmia / miniaria [red rectangle label]; Portugal Grandola/ Ameiras de B.[aixo] [38°14.29'N; 8°32.42'W]/ 20.vi.2011/ A. &amp; Z. Laštůvka lgt.; Prep. number 2050/ Pasi Sihvonen (in coll. Skou, to be deposited at Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark).</p><p>Paratypes 5 ♂♂ and 5 ♀♀, all with same type label: PARATYPE/ Ekboarmia / miniaria [red rectangle label]. One female will be deposited at ZFMK, one male at NHM, one male at ZSM and all remaining specimens are currently in coll. Skou, to be deposited at Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Paratype label data: 4 ♂♂, 2♀♀: same label data as the holotype. 1 ♂: P.[ortugal] Alentejo/ Lagoe St André [Lagoa de Santo André]/ Nature Reserve [38°5.12'N; 8°46.57'W] / 16.ix-10.x.[19]95/ B. Elliott; genit. prep. m/ 496/ B. Goater. 3 ♀♀: Portugal/ Grandola/ 15.vi.2009/ A. &amp; Z. Laštůvka lgt.</p><p>External characters and abdomen</p><p>(Figs 12, 16). Wingspan males 17-19 mm (n=6), females 17-18 mm (n=5), smallest species in the genus. Sexual dimorphism apparent. Male dark greyish-brown or rather blackish-brown, medial area darker. Forewing antemedial line absent. Medial line blackish, weakly dentate, turned inwards on costa. Postmedial line distinctly dentate, angled inwards before costa, outer margin very narrowly bordered with whitish. Medial area dark, wide on inner margin. Subterminal line absent. Terminal line narrow, black ish, slightly widened at vein endings. Fringes grey-brown, unicolorous. Hindwing medial area paler, postmedial line less dentate. Forewing discal spot small, distinct, dark brown. Wings below uniform grey-brown, postmedial line weakly visible. Female almost uniform grey-brown, postmedial line weakly visible, dark brown, dentate. Forewing discal spot small, distinct, dark brown. Hindwing discal spots smaller. Wings below uniform grey-brown, discal spots minute and dark brown. Frons, collar, thorax, and abdomen concolorous with wings, irrorated with grey. Abdomen paler ventrally. Male antennae bipectinate, female antennae filiform. Hindtibia with 2+2 spurs, male hindtibia not swollen, with very small hair pencil (if not everted, a weak groove visible only). Tympanal organs medium-sized, not meeting medially, slightly smaller in female. Male 8th tergite weakly triangular, posterior margin narrower. Other sternites and tergites of both sexes unmodified.</p><p>Variation.</p><p>June specimens are dark brown; the specimen taken in October is light brown, except terminal area, which is distinctly dark brown (see Figs 16c, h). It is not clear whether this specimen shows the normal appearance of the second generation or whether it is a strongly aberrant individual.</p><p>Male genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 21). Generally as in Ekboarmia atlanticaria, but smaller. Uncus wide in Ekboarmia miniaria (similar, but a little less wide in Ekboarmia sagnesi, narrow in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria). Phallus apex does not bend when vesica is everted (bends when vesica is everted in Ekboarmia atlanticaria, Ekboarmia fascinataria and Ekboarmia sagnesi). Vesica opens at about 90 degree angle (at about 135 degree angle in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria). Juxta arms broader apically than basally, dentate along inner margin, base with elongated lobe (juxta arms tapering apically, dentate at apex only, base solid in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria; juxta arms broader apically, dentate (or smooth) along inner margin, base with roundish lobe in Ekboarmia sagnesi).</p><p>Female genitalia</p><p>(Fig. 25). Generally as in Ekboarmia atlanticaria, but genitalia distinctly smaller. Lamella antevaginalis is curved, broad band in Ekboarmia miniaria (lateral arms of lamella antevaginalis weakly sclerotised in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria and strongly sclerotised in Ekboarmia sagnesi). Signum absent in Ekboarmia miniaria (signum distinctly stellate in Ekboarmia atlanticaria and Ekboarmia fascinataria and weakly stellate in Ekboarmia sagnesi).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species name miniaria (word stem based on the Latin “minima”, an adjective in the nominative singular), refers to the small size of the species. The wingspan and genitalia of both sexes are smaller than in any other Ekboarmia species.</p><p>Distribution and abundance</p><p>(Fig. 17). Endemic to Portugal, where it is presently known from only two localities in the southern part of the country. Seven specimens were found in one night (20.vi.2011).</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Possibly bivoltine. So far, the species has been recorded in mid-June and once between 16 September and 10 October. Nothing is known about larval time and hibernation. The moths are nocturnal and come to light.</p><p>Biology.</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Open pine forests ( Pinus pinaster) on sandy soil with undergrowth of herbs and scattered bushes, including Halimium atriplicifolium, Stauracanthus genistoides, and Cistus psilosepalus among the dominant species. One of the two known localities had suffered a bushfire, probably 8-10 years earlier. Found close to sea level and at 90 m (Figs 27-29).</p><p>Similar species.</p><p>There are no similar species in Europe.</p><p>Genetic data.</p><p>BIN: BOLD: AAZ6253 (n=2 from Portugal) (Fig. 26). Intraspecific variation low (0.15%). Distances from Ekboarmia atlanticaria 3.5% and from Ekboarmia sagnesi 3.9%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4C0C6C3F5664884D16C97CCA6D5CB42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Skou, Peder;Stuening, Dieter;Sihvonen, Pasi	Skou, Peder, Stuening, Dieter, Sihvonen, Pasi (2017): Revision of the West-Mediterranean geometrid genus Ekboarmia, with description of a new species from Portugal (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Ennominae). Nota Lepidopterologica 40 (1): 39-63, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.40.10440
