taxonID	type	description	language	source
D16D87AE9759FA3081C3FC13DE45FB36.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — Thismia brunonis Griffith (1845: 221).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE975CFA3481C3FF1FDD0AFCD0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — VIETNAM. Dak Nong Province: Dak Glong District, Dak Plao Municipality, the territory of Ta Dung Nature Reserve, steep hill slopes at elevation 700 – 750 m, secondary open broad-leaved evergreen forest with bamboo and Pinus kesiya, around point N 11 ° 51 ’ 47 ’’ E 107 ° 56 ’ 59 ’’, 04 November 2005, L. Averyanov, T. V. Thao, N. T. Vinh HLF 5510 (holotype: LE: LE 01055866!). Images of holotype available at http: // herbariumle. ru /? t = occ & id = 7511 & rid = image _ 0014902	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE975CFA3481C3FF1FDD0AFCD0.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous, branching by the formation of root suckers. Roots vermiform. Leaves up to 6, scattered, up to 14 mm long. Flowers rarely terminal and solitary, usually in terminal monochasial inflorescence of up to 7 flowers. Terminal flowers surrounded by an involucre of 3 bracts; lateral flowers surrounded by an involucre of (2) 3 bracts (floral prophylls). Plane of inflorescence branching median; monochasium type a drepanium. Involucral bracts up to 12.5 mm long. Pedicel (internode between involucral bracts and ovary) up to 4.2 mm long (up to 28 mm long in fruit). Flower actinomorphic, (11) 13 – 17 (22) mm long from ovary base. Hypanthium narrowly to widely pyriform, (7.5) 9 – 18 mm long (excluding inferior ovary), (6) 8 – 11 (12) mm wide in the upper part; involucral bracts reaching most often from one third to two thirds of hypanthium; outer hypanthium surface with 12 raised longitudinal veins, minutely to strongly tuberculate, pale grayish brown to dark chestnut-brown, veins darker than surrounding tissue; inner surface with longitudinal bars connected by numerous short transverse bars, fenestrated, colouration similar to that of the outer surface with bars slightly to strongly contrasting with surrounding tissue. Annulus prominent, flat, almost circular, from whitish or light grayish brown to olive-brown, 4 – 8.3 mm in diam., with circular orifice 2.2 – 5.1 (6.5) mm in diam. Tepals free, subequal; perianth rotate (tepals spreading). Outer tepals broadly rhomboid, (3) 4 – 8 mm long and (4) 5 – 8 (9.5) mm wide. Inner tepals narrowly rhomboid, (2.6) 3 – 9 mm long, (2.5) 3 – 6 mm wide. Both outer and inner tepals irregularly finely crenulate along margin, adaxially smooth and abaxially strongly tuberculate (similar to outer surface of hypanthium), from light grayish brown to dark brown, slightly translucent, with midvein strongly raised abaxially and continuing into a filiform appendage, with a minute triangular tip of tepal blade free from the appendage lying above the appendage base; appendages straight or slightly arcuate, with their apices often bent downwards and aside, drooping in older flowers, 6.5 – 20.5 (42) mm long, from whitish grey and light brown to dark brown and almost black, often with lighter apices. Stamens (2.8) 4 – 6.5 mm long, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the very tips to form a stamen tube. Supraconnective apex rectangular, bearing 5 tooth-like processes; of them, 3 processes acuminate, tapering into hairs 0.8 – 1.2 mm long, and 2 processes arranged between the former 3, narrow, obtusely clavate, 0.6 – 1 mm long. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae. Each appendage wider than supraconnective, (1.7) 2.4 – 3.5 (4.2) mm wide, inclined towards the supraconnective apex and reaching or slightly exceeding it; main lamina of appendage widely attached to supraconnective tissue by lateral margins, broadly triangular, with more or less pronounced median fold, finely erose-denticulate along apical margin, at each lateral margin with a triangular projection inclined outside (towards hypanthium). Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, (0.5) 1 – 1.5 mm long. Androecial indumentum (apart from apical processes) of stiff needle-like hairs at the margins of appendages and 2 rows of shorter glandular hairs on the sides of each theca. Interstaminal glands present. Stamens white except distal portions of supraconnectives sometimes tinged with greenish blue and appendages white to dark blue. Ovary outside not delimited from hypanthium, obconic, 2.2 – 6 (10) mm long, 3 – 5.5 mm wide towards apex. Placentas column-like. Stylar column cylindrical, slender, (0.3) 0.9 – 1.1 (2.5) mm long, 0.3 – 0.8 mm in diam., blue to almost black; styles ca. 1.5 – 2.5 mm below stamen apices, upright, deeply bidentate at apex and with an acute claw in the sinus between the teeth pointing upwards and inclined toward flower center (claw ranging from hardly discernible to longer than style teeth), 1 – 1.5 mm long, bearing densely finely papillose stigmas, dark blue to almost black. Fruit brown to almost black; seeds ellipsoid, 0.3 – 0.35 mm long, light yellowish-brown, with long narrow processes of testa at poles.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE975CFA3481C3FF1FDD0AFCD0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ annamensis ” refers to the former Annam area corresponding to the central part of Vietnam, where the type of this species was collected. Phenology: — Flowering and fruiting from late May to November (January). Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Kon Tum Province: Kon Plong District, Mang Canh Municipality, Thach Nham Protection Forest, 14 km NNE of Mang Den town, in the forest, near river, N 14 ° 43 ’ 54 ’’ E 108 ° 18 ’ 01 ’’, 1100 m a. s. l., 05 June 2016, M. S. Nuraliev, A. N. Kuznetsov, S. P. Kuznetsova 1644 (MW); Quang Ngai Province: Ba To District, N 14 ° 35 ’ 54 ’’ E 108 ° 43 ’ 24 ’’, 906 m a. s. l., 23 January 2016, Nguyen Quoc Dat, Nguyen Hieu Cuong, Dinh Nhat Lam Pl _ Q. NG 0025 (SGN); Gia Lai Province: K’Bang District, Son Lang Municipality, Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve, 29 km ESE of Mang Den town, forest, river bank, N 14 ° 30 ’ 55 ’’ E 108 ° 32 ’ 50 ’’, 1000 m a. s. l., 26 May 2016, M. S. Nuraliev 1562 (MW); Dak Lak Province: Lak District, Bong Krang Municipality, Chu Yang Sin National Park, 12 km S of Krong Kmar village, forest, near small river, N 12 ° 23 ’ 40 ’’ E 108 ° 20 ’ 55 ’’, 1100 m a. s. l., 28 May 2014, M. S. Nuraliev 999 (MW); same location, 27 May 2019, S. V. Yudina, M. S. Nuraliev 16 (MW); Khanh Hoa Province: Hon Ba Nature Reserve, N 12 ° 07 ’ 38.05 ’’ E 108 ° 56 ’ 32.54 ’’, 1378 m a. s. l., 2014, Truong Ba Vuong BV 175 a (MW).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE975CFA3481C3FF1FDD0AFCD0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Vietnam, where it occurs in several southern provinces: Kon Tum (Thach Nham Protection Forest), Quang Ngai (Ba To District), Gia Lai (Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve), Dak Lak (Chu Yang Sin National Park), Dak Nong (Ta Dung Nature Reserve), Khanh Hoa (Hon Ba Nature Reserve). Notes: — 1. Thismia annamensis is characterised by remarkable structure of styles that are bidentate and bear an apical claw. The claw is usually quite prominent with respect to its size. The largest claws were found in the specimens Nguyen Quoc Dat et al. Pl _ Q. NG 0025 and Truong Ba Vuong BV 175 a, claws are somewhat smaller in Yudina et al. 16 and hardly recognizable in Nuraliev 1562. We suppose that the claws are not described in the protologue of T. annamensis (Larsen & Averyanov 2007) because they were overlooked during investigation of the type material. 2. Flowers of Thismia annamensis are significantly diverse in their colouration and proportions of their parts. Particularly, there are more intensively coloured individuals (including the type specimen) with certain flower parts being dark brown to almost black, and those more pale and whitish. There are intermediate cases between these extremes, and sometimes variation in colour is found in the same population. With respect to the flower size and shape, the most variable characters are the hypanthium shape, diameter of the annulus and its orifice and length of the tepal appendages.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9752FA3981C3FEF4D941FA34.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — ” Not preserved, from Java, Res. Batavia, Tjibeureum ”, according to Jonker (1938: 246).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9752FA3981C3FEF4D941FA34.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous, branching by the formation of root suckers. Roots vermiform. Leaves several (up to 8 or probably more), scattered, up to 8.5 mm long. Flowers rarely terminal and solitary, usually in terminal monochasial inflorescence of up to 5 flowers. Terminal flowers surrounded by an involucre of (2) 3 bracts; lateral flowers surrounded by an involucre of 2 transverse-adaxial bracts (floral prophylls). Plane of inflorescence branching transversal; monochasium type a bostryx. Involucral bracts (4) 5.5 – 8 (9.8) mm long. Pedicel (internode between involucral bracts and ovary) 1.2 – 1.4 (2.6) mm long. Flower actinomorphic, 10.5 – 16 mm long from ovary base. Hypanthium obconic (urceolate), ca. 6 – 14 mm long (excluding inferior ovary), 6.5 – 9.5 mm wide in the upper part; involucral bracts reaching about one third or one half of hypanthium; outer hypanthium surface with 12 finely impressed longitudinal veins, verrucose-rugose, white to pale orange or light orange-red with 12 veins red or orange at least in the upper part; inner surface with longitudinal bars connected by numerous short transverse bars, fenestrated, colouration similar to that of the outer surface with bars sometimes contrasting with surrounding tissue. Annulus prominent, flat, almost circular to roundish-hexagonal, bright yellow or orange, 3.6 – 6.2 mm in diam., with circular orifice 1.9 – 3.3 mm in diam. Outer tepals spreading or reflexed down, ovate-triangular, 1 – 2.5 (3.5) mm long, 2.2 – 3.9 mm wide at base, orange to red or yellow, translucent, margin entire, apex broadly obtuse or rounded. Inner tepals free, spreading, narrowly triangular, 1.5 – 3.3 mm long, 2.1 – 3.5 mm wide at base, orange to red or yellow and usually dark reddish towards apex, with entire translucent margin, with midvein strongly raised abaxially and continuing into a filiform appendage, with a minute triangular tip of tepal blade free from the appendage lying above the appendage base; appendages straight or arcuate upwards, (3.5) 4 – 30 mm long or probably longer, red to orange, often lighter towards apices. Stamens 2.5 – 4 (5.5) mm long, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the very tips to form a stamen tube. Supraconnective apex rectangular, with 3 teeth tapering into hairs 0.4 – 1 mm long. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae. Each appendage ca. as wide as supraconnective or wider, 1 – 2 mm wide, inclined towards the supraconnective apex and ± reaching it; main lamina of appendage widely attached to supraconnective tissue by lateral margins, triangular-trapezoid or quadrangular, erose along apical margin, at each lateral margin with a triangular projection inclined outside (towards hypanthium). Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, ca. 0.5 – 1 mm long. Androecial indumentum (apart from apical teeth) of stiff needle-like hairs at the margins of appendages and 2 rows of shorter glandular hairs on the sides of each theca. Interstaminal glands present. Stamens white or tinged with red or orange. Ovary outside not delimited from hypanthium, obconic or obovate, ca. 1 – 3.5 mm long, ca. 2.4 – 3.7 mm wide towards apex. Placentas column-like. Stylar column cylindrical, 1.5 – 2.8 mm long, 0.5 – 1 mm in diam., white; styles 2 – 3.5 mm below stamen apices, upright, simple, truncate, 0.7 – 1.5 mm long, bearing densely finely papillose stigmas, orange or white. Fruit ca. 6 mm long, orange or white; seeds ellipsoid.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9752FA3981C3FEF4D941FA34.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ javanica ” apparently refers to Java, where the type of this species was collected. Phenology: — Flowering and fruiting from (December) April to October. Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Quang Tri Province: Huong Hoa District, Huong Phung Commune, Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Sa Mu mountain, 1012 m a. s. l., 11 October 2015, Do Thi Xuyen, Nguyen Tan Hieu BHH 800 (HNU, MW); Khanh Hoa Province, Cam Lam District, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, N 12 ° 07 ’ 33.58 ’’ E 108 ° 57 ’ 19.99 ’’, 1300 m a. s. l., 21 June 2019, Truong Ba Vuong, Tu Bao Ngan, Mang Van Lam BV 426 (MW).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9752FA3981C3FEF4D941FA34.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Vietnam: Quang Tri Province (Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve), Khanh Hoa Province (Hon Ba Nature Reserve); Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province (Sai Yok), Ranong Province (Khlong Na Kha); Malaysia (Terengganu); Indonesia (Sumatra, Java). Additionally, specimens from Chantaburi Province (Krathing waterfall and Khao Chamao National Park) and Satun Province (Thale Ban and Tarutao National Parks) of Thailand assigned to Thismia arachnites by Chantanaorrapint (2018) most likely belong to this species. A single specimen of T. javanica from Myanmar cited by Shepeleva et al. (2020) probably belongs to this species, but its identification is to be verified by careful morphological investigation. Notes: — 1. Chantanaorrapint (2018) identified several specimens of Thismia collected in Eastern and Peninsular Thailand as T. arachnites, a species that has been known for a long time only from a type collection made in Peninsular Malaysia. As Chantanaorrapint (2018) noted, the Thai specimens differ from the protologue of T. arachnites as well as from Ridley’s illustration selected as a lectotype in the structure of stamen apex. According to Ridley (1905: 197), the stamen apex of T. arachnites bears “ numerous small teeth ”, and 5 – 6 of them are depicted in the lectotype. The Thai specimens, in contrast, are uniformly characterised by “ 3 - toothed stamens with each tooth bearing a distinct stiff hair ” (Chantanaorrapint 2018). Chantanaorrapint (2018: 3) concluded that the difference is a result of Ridley’s misobservation “ due to the resolution of Ridley’s microscope ”. However, the Thai specimens in fact show exactly the same stamen structure as that of T. javanica (Jonker 1938, 1948, Larsen 1987, Siti-Munirah & Dome 2019). Since T. javanica has already been known from Thailand and shows the same stamen morphology, it made sense to evaluate the possibility of attribution of the specimens cited by Chantanaorrapint (2018) to T. javanica. However, T. javanica is not mentioned in the latter paper by an unknown reason. As we can judge from the detailed description and illustrations provided by Chantanaorrapint (2018), the specimens in question can tentatively be identified as T. javanica, which is known to be quite variable with respect to flower colouration and length of appendages of inner tepals. Additionally, at least one of the specimens studied by Chantanaorrapint (2018) shows remarkably long styles, a feature not reported before for either T. javanica or T. arachnites. Finally, the stamens with numerous small teeth at apex were described not only for T. arachnites, but also for T. brunonis (Griffith 1845), which indicates that such a condition is indeed present in certain Thismia species, and there is no reason to treat Ridley’s description as erroneous. 2. Although Pham-Hoang (2000) was the first to list Thismia javanica for the flora of Vietnam, he has not cited any specimen confirming its occurrence. Until now, the presence of this species in Vietnam remained highly questionable for the reason of external similarity of T. javanica with T. tentaculata (Larsen & Averyanov 2007). Here, we report the finding of T. javanica in Vietnam based on thorough specimen identification for the first time. 3. The flowers and their parts are generally smaller in the specimen from Hon Ba Nature Reserve (Truong Ba Vuong et al. BV 426) than in the other specimen investigated here (Do Thi Xuyen et al. BHH 800). Besides, the specimen BV 426 is similar in its external appearance to the atypical specimens of T. tentaculata collected in the same location (see note under the latter species). However, the specimen BV 426 differs from them by a distinctly tridentate stamen apex (with equal teeth), which is one of the main features distinguishing T. javanica from T. tentaculata. This is consistent with reddish hypanthium and presence of transverse bars on the inner surface of hypanthium in this specimen.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9750FA3881C3FA2FDF28F9EC.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — VIETNAM. Lam Dong Province: Bao Lam District, Loc Bac Municipality, 22.2 km NNW of Bao Loc town, in the forest, not far from river, elevation ca. 1000 m a. s. l., N 11 ° 44 ’ 18 ’’ E 107 ° 43 ’ 22 ’’, 13 April 2013, M. S. Nuraliev 813 (holotype: MW: MW 0591768!, including plants with flowers in liquid collection at Moscow University). Images of holotype available at https: // depo. msu. ru / open / public / item / MW 0591768 / img / 0. jpg? original	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9750FA3881C3FA2FDF28F9EC.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous, branching by the formation of root suckers. Roots vermiform. Leaves 3 – 11, scattered, up to 7 mm long. Flowers rarely terminal and solitary, usually in terminal monochasial inflorescence of up to 3 flowers. Terminal flowers surrounded by an involucre of (2) 3 bracts; lateral flowers surrounded by an involucre of 2 or 3 bracts (floral prophylls). Plane of inflorescence branching transversal; monochasium type a bostryx or a cincinnus. Involucral bracts up to 9 mm long. Pedicel (internode between involucral bracts and ovary) less than 1 mm long. Flower actinomorphic, 12 – 17 mm long from ovary base. Hypanthium obconic, (4.5) 5 – 8 mm long (excluding inferior ovary), ca. (5.7) 6 – 7.5 mm wide in the upper part; involucral bracts reaching about two thirds of hypanthium; outer hypanthium surface with 12 raised longitudinal veins, irregularly papillose especially along veins, dark blue and gradually becoming darker distally but with a narrow whitish collar in the upper part, veins darker than surrounding tissue; inner surface without transverse bars, fenestrated, uniformly translucent dark blue but with a light orange collar in the upper part (above the level of stamen appendages). Annulus almost horizontally covering the hypanthium, dome-shaped, fleshy, milky white, very minutely hairy outside (sometimes apparently glabrous), with roundish triangular orifice ca. 1.5 – 2.5 mm in diam. Outer tepals spreading, broadly triangular, 1.4 – 2.4 mm long, 2 – 3.6 mm wide at base, white and marginally translucent, margin entire, apex acuminate to rounded. Inner tepals distally arching inward and apically broadly fused (inseparable without tearing) to form a thick convex-topped mitre ca. 1.5 – 3.5 (4.5) mm high (excluding free basal tepal parts) and 4 – 6 (6.8) mm wide with prominent sutures and leaving 3 broad arch-shaped lateral apertures 3 – 4.5 mm wide between mitre, two neighbouring free basal tepal parts and annulus. Inner tepals thick, broadly attached to annulus along its entire radius except its inner margin, basally ca. 2 mm wide, narrowed slightly above to ca. 1 mm wide and broadened towards the mitre. Free parts of inner tepals each with marginal thickenings and with prominent dorsal median keel which continues from one of the hypanthial veins; the keels continue till the mitre top where they prolongate into 3 free erect acute pyramidal appendages 0.5 – 1 mm high; the appendages initially tightly appressed to each other resembling a short but distinct mucro at the top of mitre, later slightly diverging. Foveae absent. Inner surface of mitre glabrous or more or less hairy especially when young. The narrowest parts of inner tepals outside blackish blue gradually becoming greenish brown basally and white distally; mitre outside milky white except the appendages; the appendages dark to pale blue and later tinged with orange to light brown; inner tepals inside uniformly black including mitre. Stamens ca. 4 – 5 mm long, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the rounded apices to form a stamen tube. Each stamen with median longitudinal furrow at the inner (abaxial) side. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae, concave adaxially below the appendages; each appendage wider than supraconnective, 1.3 – 1.5 mm wide, inclined towards and reaching the supraconnective apex, with rectangular main lamina and perpendicular marginal wing-like projections of lamina forming H-shaped structure (in bottom view) which are attached to supraconnective tissue so that proximal parts of projections triangularly attenuate towards outside (and decurrent proximally towards the thecae) and distal parts rounded. Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, ca. 1 – 1.3 mm long. Androecial indumentum of 3 – 4 papillae at the apex of each supraconnective, stiff long needle-like hairs at the margins of appendages, and 2 rows of shorter glandular hairs on the sides of each theca. Interstaminal glands present. Stamens white except greenish blue distal portions of supraconnectives and translucent light orange appendages. Ovary outside not delimited from hypanthium, obconic, 2.2 – 3.5 mm long, 2.8 – 3.8 mm wide towards apex. Placentas column-like. Stylar column shortly cylindrical, ca. 0.4 – 1 mm long, ca. 0.4 – 0.9 mm in diam., dark blue; styles ca. 2 – 3.6 mm below stamen apices, upright, appressed to each other, simple, rectangular, 0.5 – 1 mm long, bearing densely finely papillose stigmas, translucent light blue.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9750FA3881C3FA2FDF28F9EC.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ mucronata ” refers to the distinctive mucro at the top of the mitre characteristic of this species. Phenology: — Flowering from April to June and possibly longer, fruiting since May. Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Dak Lak Province, Lak District, Bong Krang Municipality, Chu Yang Sin National Park, 10 km S of Krong Kmar village, forest, not far from river, N 12 ° 25 ’ 35 ’’, E 108 ° 21 ’ 58 ’’, 970 m a. s. l., 21 May 2014, M. S. Nuraliev 1009 (MW); same location, 26 May 2019, S. V. Yudina, M. S. Nuraliev 6 (MW).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9750FA3881C3FA2FDF28F9EC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Vietnam, where it occurs in two neighbouring provinces: Dak Lak (Chu Yang Sin National Park) and Lam Dong (forestry near Bao Loc town).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9751FA3E81C3F904D8B5FE90.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — LAOS. Vientiane Province: Vang Vieng District, Nam Pae Village, elevation 544 m, 28 April 2012, S. W. Gale, P. Kumar, P. Santainsy, P. Phunthavong HNL-KFBG 0099 (holotype: HNL, spirit).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9751FA3E81C3F904D8B5FE90.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous. Roots vermiform. Leaves scattered, up to 7.5 mm long. Pedicel ca. 2 mm long. Flower terminal and solitary, actinomorphic, 25 – 40 mm long, 7 – 7.5 mm wide. Hypanthium ca. 4.5 mm long, narrower towards base (ca. 4.5 mm in diam.), wider above (ca. 5.5 mm in diam.); outer surface white tinged yellow-green, densely covered with longitudinally arranged irregularly sized verrucae, with 12 depressed green ribs; inner surface smooth (without transverse bars), with a protruding ring-like structure just below the stigma. Annulus with shape of a vertically elongated dome, 3.5 – 4 mm long, ca. 5.5 mm in diam. at base, bright yellow-green with 6 dark green longitudinal ribs, outside covered with densely arranged papillae except on the ribs and inside smooth, with orifice ca. 2.7 mm in diam. Outer tepals triangular, gradually tapering, reflexed, white, translucent, 2.5 – 3 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide at base. Inner tepals obliquely spatulate, black, rough and irregularly carbunculate, distally broadly fused in a contorted aestivation to form a crown-like mitre with an aperture in the centre, basally ca. 1 mm wide, broadened towards the mitre to ca. 4 mm wide. Each tepal bearing a flagellate appendage close to the mitre aperture; appendages erect, black and carbunculate towards base and translucent white and smooth towards apex, 7.2 – 17.7 mm long, ca. 0.8 mm wide towards base and abruptly narrowed towards apex to less than 0.2 mm wide. Stamens quadrangular, 4.8 – 5.5 mm long, 0.7 – 0.9 mm wide, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the rounded apices to form a stamen tube. Supraconnectives with the apical 1 / 3 bent at 90 ° towards the hypanthium, sparsely covered with multicellular hairs, without appendages. Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, surrounded by sparse glandular trichomes. Interstaminal glands absent. Ovary obconic, with outer surface longitudinally verrucose, ca. 3.5 mm long. Stylar column cylindrical, ca. 0.75 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide; styles fused together forming a dome-like structure ca. 1 mm long and wide.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9751FA3E81C3F904D8B5FE90.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ nigricoronata ” refers to the black and crown-like mitre characteristic of this species. Phenology: — Flowering in April.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9751FA3E81C3F904D8B5FE90.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Laos, Vang Vieng area. Only known from the type collection.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3E81C3FED3D961FAA0.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — VIETNAM. Khanh Hoa Province: Khanh Son District, Hon Ba Nature Reserve (former Khanh Son Protection Forest), O Kha Valley, approximate coordinates N 12 ° 02 ’ 57 ’’ E 108 ° 59 ’ 10 ’’, elevation ca. 800 m, 12 July 2013, Nguyen Thien Tich, Tran Gioi, Dinh Quang Diep, Luu Hong Truong, Nguyen Thanh Trung KH 638 B (holotype: SGN!).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3E81C3FED3D961FAA0.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous. Roots vermiform. Leaves scattered, 3 mm long. Flower terminal and solitary (but with a small lateral bud which probably develops into a lateral flower), actinomorphic, ca. 30 mm long, surrounded by an involucre of 3 bracts 7 mm long. Hypanthium 9 – 10 mm long, translucent black, bluish brown at base, externally with longitudinal stripes. Annulus vertical (erect), white. Outer tepals ca. 4 long, ca. 6 mm wide, translucent white, reflexed, furrowed, mucronate, margin entire. Inner tepals white, apically fused to form a thick convex-topped mitre and leaving 3 arch-shaped lateral apertures; apertures completely hidden under the mitre, ca. 3 mm long and 7 mm wide. Outer surface of mitre digitately furrowed at top; inner surface with glandular hairs. Stamens with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the apices to form a stamen tube. Each stamen with median longitudinal furrow at the inner (abaxial) side. Connectives and supraconnectives translucent light brown. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae; appendages quadrangular, translucent yellowish brown, with two lateral teeth and glandular hairs. Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, 2 mm long. Interstaminal glands present. Ovary 2.5 mm long, outside translucent white and bluish brown at top. Placentas column-like. Stylar column ca. 0.8 mm long; styles ca. 1.5 mm long, bearing papillose stigmas, translucent bluish brown.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3E81C3FED3D961FAA0.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ okhaensis ” refers to the O Kha Valley, the type location of this species. Phenology: — Flowering in July.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3E81C3FED3D961FAA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Vietnam, Hon Ba Nature Reserve. Only known from the type collection. Notes: — Thismia okhaensis is morphologically very similar to T. puberula; see note under the latter species.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3D81C3FAC3DD7BF798.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — VIETNAM. Dak Lak Province: Lak District, Bong Krang Municipality, Chu Yang Sin National Park, 12 km S of Krong Kmar village, in the forest, on an islet of a small river, elevation ca. 1100 m a. s. l., N 12 ° 23 ’ 41 ’’ E 108 ° 20 ’ 55 ’’, 28 May 2014, M. S. Nuraliev 1000 (holotype: MW: MW 0595664!, stored in ethanol).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3D81C3FAC3DD7BF798.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous, branching by the formation of root suckers. Roots vermiform. Leaves ca. 8, scattered, up to 6 – 7 mm long. Pedicel (internode between involucral bracts and ovary) ca. 1 – 3 mm long. Flower terminal and solitary (but with a small lateral bud which probably develops into a lateral flower), actinomorphic, 19 – 22 mm long from ovary base, surrounded by an involucre of 3 bracts up to 7.5 mm long. Hypanthium obconic, 7 – 8 mm long (excluding inferior ovary), ca. 5.8 – 7 mm wide in the upper part; involucral bracts reaching one third of hypanthium or less; outer hypanthium surface with 18 raised longitudinal veins, smooth, dark grayish-brown and gradually becoming darker distally with narrow white collar in upper part, veins slightly darker than surrounding tissue; inner surface without transverse bars, slightly rugose, fenestrated, uniformly brown with white collar with netlike orange thickenings in upper part (above the level of stamen appendages). Annulus ca. 1.5 – 2 times broader than tall, dome-shaped with delimited vertical part (wall, 2.5 – 4.3 mm high, slightly rounded outside) and horizontal part (roof, 4.5 – 5 mm wide) with abrupt right angle between them, fleshy, uniformly covered outside by dense very short hairs; annulus orifice roundish triangular with 3 incisions in the radii of inner tepals, ca. 1.5 mm in diam.; annulus wall white, roof reddish-orange with gradual transition between them. Outer tepals spreading, broadly triangular, 1 – 1.5 mm long, 3 – 3.5 mm wide at base, white, slightly translucent, margin entire, apex acute to acuminate. Inner tepals distally arching inward and apically broadly fused (inseparable without tearing) to form a fleshy mitre with prominent furrow-like sutures and leaving 3 broad trapezium-shaped lateral apertures 4 – 5 mm wide between mitre, two neighbouring free basal tepal parts and annulus. Free parts of inner tepals erect, thick, broadly attached to annulus wall along its entire height by ventral keel, basally ca. 2.5 – 3 mm wide, narrowed slightly above to ca. 1 mm wide, broadened towards mitre and sharply delimited from it; free parts each with marginal thickenings and dorsally raised median vein. Mitre almost round (in top view), with straight horizontal lower edges (in side view) occupying level of annulus apex (making gap scarcely visible from side), 3.5 – 5 mm high and 8 – 9.7 mm wide; inner surface slightly concave and uniformly covered by dense papillate trichomes; outer surface convex with 3 foveae at top alternating with inner tepals and together forming a vallate depression ca. 4 mm wide, with median veins slightly prominent below foveae and raised to form crest-shaped borders between foveae; crests connate at mitre centre to form a minute tip; outer surface with 2 impressed lateral veins in each tepal at angle of 45 º to median vein. Inner tepals white with thinner parts translucent except reddish brown central mitre tip. Stamens ca. 4 – 5.5 mm long, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the rounded apices to form a stamen tube. Bases of filaments occupy entire height of annulus. Each stamen with deep median longitudinal furrow at the inner (abaxial) side. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae, concave adaxially below the appendages; each appendage as wide (ca. 1.5 mm) as supraconnective, inclined towards the supraconnective apex and not reaching it, with convex quadratic main lamina and perpendicular marginal wing-like projections of lamina forming H-shaped structure (in bottom view) which are attached to supraconnective tissue so that proximal parts of projections shortly triangularly attenuate towards outside (and decurrent proximally towards the thecae) and distal parts narrowly rounded. Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, ca. 1 – 1.3 mm long. Androecial indumentum of up to 10 papillae at the apex of each supraconnective, long needle-like hairs at the margins of appendages, and 2 rows of shorter glandular hairs on the sides of each theca. Interstaminal glands present. Stamens light orange adaxially (outside) including appendages, pale rose abaxially (inside). Ovary outside not delimited from hypanthium except being white, obconic, 2 – 2.5 mm long, 3 – 3.6 mm wide towards apex. Placentas column-like. Stylar column shortly cylindrical, ca. 0.7 – 1 mm long, ca. 0.6 mm in diam., dark blue; styles ca. 2.7 – 3.6 mm below stamen apices, upright, appressed to each other, simple, rectangular, 0.6 – 1.2 mm long, bearing densely finely papillose stigmas, translucent light blue with brownish apices.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3D81C3FAC3DD7BF798.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ puberula ” refers to the puberulous annulus characteristic of this species. Phenology: — Flowering from late May to June. Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Dak Lak Province: Lak District, Bong Krang Municipality, Chu Yang Sin National Park, 12 km S of Krong Kmar village, in the forest, near small river, 1100 m a. s. l., N 12 ° 23 ’ 41 ’’ E 108 ° 20 ’ 55 ’’, 27 May 2019, S. V. Yudina, M. S. Nuraliev 15 (MW).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9757FA3D81C3FAC3DD7BF798.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Endemic to Vietnam, Chu Yang Sin National Park. Known from a single location where it was collected twice. Notes: — Thismia puberula is morphologically very close to T. okhaensis. This proximity is consistent with their geographical distribution, as these species are found in similar habitats in two neighbouring mountain systems with a distance of about 80 km between their populations. Moreover, Thismia puberula and T. okhaensis appeared to be sister species in a molecular phylogenetic reconstruction by Shepeleva et al. (2020). Thus, their taxonomic individuality is to be verified. One of the main morphological features distinguishing these species is the structure of the outer surface of mitre (Nuraliev et al. 2015). In T. puberula, it bears evident foveae, whereas in T. okhaensis it is digitately furrowed. However, the photograph included in the protologue of T. okhaensis (Luu et al. 2014, Fig. 2 E) shows a mitre of a very asymmetric appearance in its central part, suggesting that it was developed after a damage or represents a kind of teratologic morphology. For this reason, taxonomic significance of the outer surface of mitre for delimitation of these two species is currently questionable. On the other hand, several characters of the annulus are still essentially different in these species. In T. puberula, the annulus is dome-shaped with delimited vertical and horizontal parts, with narrow orifice, hairy outside and with stamen filaments attached along the entire annulus height; in T. okhaensis, in contrast, annulus is vertical, with a broad aperture, glabrous and with stamen filaments attached at the basal annulus half. Additionally, in T. puberula the annulus is reddish-orange distally, whereas in T. okhaensis it is entirely white. Finally, the flowers of T. okhaensis are considerably larger than those of T. puberula (30 vs. 19 – 22 mm long), although the measurements were performed on a limited material: to date, three flowers were examined for T. okhaensis and four of them for T. puberula. Summarizing, we consider T. puberula and T. okhaensis as separate species at the current state of knowledge.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9755FA2181C3F962DD30FD4D.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE: — VIETNAM. Quang Tri Province: Da Krong District, Huc Nghi Municipality, in vicinities of La To village, primary broad-leaved evergreen lowland forest on montane hills composed with shale, around point N 16 ° 29 ’ 16 ’’ E 107 ° 00 ’ 32 ’’, at elevation about 414 m, 26 March 2006, L. Averyanov, P. K. Loc, P. V. The, N. S. Khang, N. V. Huy, D. C. Tri, L. M. Tuan, T. T. Tu, P. K. Vuong, P. V. Bao, P. X. Dieu, H. T. Phuong HLF 6251 (holotype: LE: LE 01055867!). Images of holotype available at http: // herbariumle. ru /? t = occ & id = 7512 & rid = image _ 0014905	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9755FA2181C3F962DD30FD4D.taxon	description	Description Plant generally glabrous. Roots vermiform. Leaves several, scattered, up to 8 mm long. Flowers rarely terminal and solitary, usually in terminal monochasial inflorescence of up to 4 flowers. Terminal flowers surrounded by an involucre of 3 bracts; lateral flowers surrounded by an involucre of 2 bracts (floral prophylls). Involucral bracts up to 8 mm long. Pedicel (internode between involucral bracts and ovary) ca. 0.5 mm long. Flower actinomorphic, 12.4 – 13 mm long from ovary base, with white, yellow and red colours (flower parts mainly orange-red in plants from Hon Ba). Hypanthium broadly obconic to obovate, 7.5 – 12 mm long (excluding inferior ovary), 5 – 7 mm wide in the upper part; involucral bracts reaching about one third of hypanthium or sometimes less; outer hypanthium surface with 12 finely impressed longitudinal veins, finely tuberculate, pure white and sometimes with antetepalous veins indistinctly tinged with red in the upper part; inner surface finely irregularly manicate-rugulose without transverse bars (ornamentation more similar to transverse bars in plants from Hon Ba), colouration similar to that of the outer surface. Annulus prominent, flat, almost circular to roundish-hexagonal, bright yellow, ca. 4 mm in diam., with circular orifice ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Outer tepals spreading or reflexed down, nearly isosceles triangular, 1.4 – 2.5 mm long, 2.5 – 3 mm wide at base, light yellowish or tinged with red, translucent, margin entire, apex broadly obtuse or rounded. Inner tepals free, spreading, narrowly triangular, ca. 2.3 – 3.2 mm long, 2.1 – 3 mm wide at base, light yellowish at base and reddish towards apex, with entire translucent margin, with midvein strongly raised abaxially and continuing into a filiform appendage, with a minute triangular tip of tepal blade free from the appendage lying above the appendage base; appendages straight or slightly arcuate, (5.5) 13 – 17 mm long, red, often lighter towards apices. Stamens 3 – 5 mm long, with long supraconnectives, fused laterally along their entire length except for the filaments and the very tips to form a stamen tube. Supraconnective apex rectangular, with 2 teeth tapering into hairs ca. 0.6 mm long, and with a similar hair in the sinus between the teeth; the middle hair sometimes with dilated base resembling of a small third tooth. Supraconnectives bearing skirt-like appendages at the outer (adaxial) side slightly below thecae. Each appendage as wide as or wider than supraconnective, 1.8 mm wide, inclined towards the supraconnective apex and reaching it; main lamina of appendage widely attached to supraconnective tissue by lateral margins, triangular-trapezoid, finely crenulate or nearly entire along apical margin, at each lateral margin with a triangular projection inclined outside (towards hypanthium); appendage margins hairy. Thecae adaxial (facing the hypanthium), separate, ca. 0.9 mm long. Interstaminal glands present. Stamens white but yellowish towards base, with bright red interstaminal spots at junction of filaments and annulus. Ovary outside not delimited from hypanthium, obconic, ca. 1.6 – 2.5 mm long, ca. 2.4 – 3 mm wide towards apex. Placentas most probably column-like. Stylar column cylindrical, 0.6 – 1.1 mm long, 0.4 – 0.6 mm in diam., white; styles ca. 3 mm below stamen apices, upright, simple, 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, bearing densely finely papillose stigmas, white. Fruit white to light brown; seeds ellipsoid, 0.2 – 0.3 mm long, with short narrow processes of testa at poles.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9755FA2181C3F962DD30FD4D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ tentaculata ” refers to the appearance of the appendages of inner tepals of this species that resemble tentacles of a boiled shrimp. Phenology: — Flowering and fruiting from (February) March to August. Additional specimens examined: — VIETNAM. Khanh Hoa Province: Cam Lam District, Suoi Cat Commune, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Hon Ba Peak, N 12 ° 07 ’ 07 ’’ E 108 ° 56 ’ 53 ’’, 1508 m, 19 May 2012, Luu Hong Truong, Tran Gioi, Nguyen Thien Tich KH 163 (MW: MW-DigiPic 0000018; SGN); Khanh Hoa Province: Hon Ba Nature Reserve, N 12 ° 07 ’ 38.05 ’’ E 108 ° 56 ’ 32.54 ’’, 1378 m a. s. l., 2014, Truong Ba Vuong BV 175 b (MW); Khanh Hoa Province: Khanh Son District, Son Trung Commune, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, O Kha, N 12 ° 02 ’ 51.9 ’’ E 108 ° 59 ’ 44.9 ’’, 1130 m, 13 July 2013, Luu Hong Truong, Tran Gioi, Nguyen Thien Tich, Dinh Quang Diep, Nguyen Thanh Trung KH 638 (MW: MWDigiPic 0000019; SGN).	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
D16D87AE9755FA2181C3F962DD30FD4D.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — Hong Kong (Tai Mo Shan); Vietnam: Quang Tri Province (Da Krong District), Khanh Hoa Province (Hon Ba Nature Reserve). Notes: — 1. Thismia tentaculata was initially described to have “ bidentate filaments without hairs at apex ” (Larsen & Averyanov 2007: 19). However, the hairs at apices of teeth in each supraconnective as well as the third hair in the sinus between the teeth are discernible on the photos of the type material. The hairs are also clearly visible on the published photos of representatives of T. tentaculata from Hong Kong (Guo et al. 2019: Fig. 1) and in the specimens studied here. 2. The length and colour of the appendages of inner tepals is quite variable across the available material of T. tentaculata, and therefore we find it impossible to use these characters for delimitation T. tentaculata and similar species. 3. Collections from Hon Ba Nature Reserve (Luu Hong Truong et al. KH 163 and KH 638, Truong Ba Vuong BV 175 b) differ from the type of T. tentaculata and from the population of this species in Hong Kong (Ho et al. 2009, Guo et al. 2019) in overall flower colouration with prevalence of orange-red (light orange-red hypanthium with 12 darker veins, orange-red annulus and tepals, dark orange-red appendages of inner tepals, stamens tinged with orange and their appendages especially so), more obovate flower shape (i. e., with hypanthium conspicuously narrowing towards apex and annulus much narrower than hypanthium) and inner hypanthium surface with ornamentation similar to transverse bars. We provisionally assign these collections to T. tentaculata mainly based on their bidentate stamen apices and argue that further investigations of the plants from Hon Ba are needed to verify their taxonomic and phylogenetic affinities. 4. The photographs of T. tentaculata from Hong Kong published by Guo et al. (2019) show androecium with three equal well-pronounced teeth on each stamen apex. Meanwhile, the number of stamen teeth (two vs. three) is one of the main differences between T. tentaculata and the morphologically close T. javanica. The presence of tridentate stamens in the Hong Kong population of T. tentaculata has not been confirmed to date by specimen investigation. However, it is thus possible that the number of stamen teeth varies within certain species of Thismia. This supposed phenomenon would be indirectly consistent with the uniform presence of three apical hairs in stamens of T. tentaculata. On the other hand, the possibility cannot be excluded that the plants on photographs published by Guo et al. (2019) in fact belong to T. javanica.	en	Nuraliev, Maxim S., Yudina, Sophia V., Truong, Ba Vuong, Do, Thi Xuyen, Luu, Hong Truong, Kuznetsov, Andrey N., Kuznetsova, Svetlana P. (2020): A revision of the family Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales) in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 441 (3): 229-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.441.3.1
