taxonID	type	description	language	source
D17787854F5D1F2A0DD76FAD14ACFB9E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scales subgranulate to granulate, moderately pitted except for ventrites 3 – 5 (char. 2.1). Rostrum with very few lateral and dorsal apical setae (char. 11.0). Scrobe not reaching eye (char. 17.1) and squamose (char. 14.1). Forehead between eyes not sulcate nor foveate (char. 24.0). Postocular lobe ventrally indistinct, not raised, not forming discontinuity with anterior prosternal margin (char. 30.0). Prosternal canal absent (char. 31.0). Elytra lacking declivital calli (char. 36.0). Tibiae arcuate at apical outer margin (char. 48.1); inner margin of tibiae lacking denticles. Penis with long apodemes (char. 110.0). Endophallus with basal sclerite complex formed by overlapped plates (char. 90.3).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5D1F2A0DD76FAD14ACFB9E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the all-species analysis the genus is sister to all the other Bagoini with a strong support in BI (91 % pp), and a lower support in ML and MP (respectively, 76 % bs and 57 % sr). In the type-species analysis the genus was not supported as sister to the remaining taxa of the tribe (BI: 50 % pp, ML and MP lower than 50 %). This incongruence was probably determined by the fact that Hydronomus is monotypic, whereas the other genera have a large number of species, sharing the character states differentiating them from Hydronomus. In the all-species analysis this resulted in a much stronger support for the clade encompassing the other genera of the tribe. Hydronomus shares with the other Bagoini several characters, such as the pitted scales, shape of the body, legs, and male and female genitalia. It differs from them by the absence of a prosternal canal and of pitted scales on some ventrites. Four unequivocal character states characterize Hydronomus (char. 11.0, 14.1, 17.1, 90.3) in respect to the other Bagoini: scrobe not reaching eyes and squamose (an apparently plesiomorphic state), rostrum with very few lateral and dorsal apical setae, endophallus with basal sclerite complex formed by overlapped plates. This genus is presently composed only of the type species. However, we have an undescribed Chinese taxon belonging to this genus and differing from H. alismatis by the shape of the body of the penis and the basal sclerites. Species included. PAL: * Hydronomus alismatis (Marsham, 1802).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5D1F2B0DD76BAE13C3FEBC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body broad-oval and robust. Rostrum unusually flattened at apex (char. 8.1), with lateral plica (char. 9.1); curvature of ventral margin in lateral view strong (char. 7.1), at basal 2 / 3 with row of sparse, regularly spaced setae along lateral margin close to ventral margin (char. 13.1). Forehead between eyes not sulcate nor foveate (char. 24.0). Pronotal disc moderately to strongly transversely convex. Postocular lobe ventrally indistinct, not raised, not forming discontinuity with anterior prosternal margin (char. 30.0). Prosternal canal weak (char. 31.0). Side margins of prosternum not clearly raised (char. 33.0). Elytra with setae on odd-numbered intervals surrounded by rosette of scales of same color; declivital callus absent (char. 36.0). Outer margin of tibiae, especially on hind tibiae, straight or nearly so toward apex (in lateral view) (char. 48.0); tibiae denticulate along inner margin, sometimes with denticles stouter and more numerous on midtibiae; tarsi short, tarsomere 3 cordate. Penis with long apodemes (char. 110.0). Endophallus with basal sclerite complex formed by elongate curved sclerites (char. 90.2). Apodemes of spiculum ventrale fully bifurcated, arising laterally on plate of sternite, apparently forming two straight rods with arms (char. 114.2).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5D1F2B0DD76BAE13C3FEBC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Monophyly of the species referred to this genus was supported in all analyses. Memptorrhynchus is characterized by the poorly developed, barely distinguishable prosternal canal, the tibiae almost straight to apex along the outer margin, the tarsi short with tarsomere 3 broadly cordate, and the male genitalia which present certain similarities with those of Hydronomus (i. e., the features of the sclerite complex at the base of the endophallus). This is a homogeneous group and its species show six synapomorphies (char. 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 13.1, 90.2, 114.2) in nongenital characters (rostrum strongly curved and with flat apex with lateral carinae, and with row of lateral setae) as well as genital morphology (shape of the penis and especially of the spiculum ventrale with apodemes strongly divergent and arising laterally on plate). The bulk of this group is present in the Afrotropical region with three extralimital species (two Indian and one Palaearctic). Species included: AFR: ¹ Memptorrhynchus bergensis (Marshall, 1953) n. comb., ¹ M. crassus (Hoffmann, 1968) n. comb., * ¹ M. crispus (Faust, 1899) n. comb., ¹ M. gaillardi (Hustache, 1936) n. comb., ¹ M. polysignatus (Hoffmann, 1968) n. comb., ¹ M. vafer (Marshall, 1958) n. comb.; ORR: ¹ M. luteitarsis (Hustache, 1926) n. comb., ¹ M. ovoideus (Hustache, 1926) n. comb.; PAL: * ² M. brevipennis (Kirsch, 1878) n. comb.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F2B0DD76E8D140FF969.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Bagous clarencensis Blackburn, 1894. Gender: masculine.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F2B0DD76E8D140FF969.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body very small in size, 2.0 mm or less in length (rostrum excluded) (char. 1.1). Postocular lobe ventrally indistinct, not raised, not forming discontinuity with anterior prosternal margin (char. 30.0). Prosternal canal weak (char. 31.1). Side margins of prosternum barely raised (char. 33.1). Elytra subquadrate (char. 34.1), with posterior declivity in lateral view strong at 75 degrees (char. 37.1); declivital callus absent (char. 36.0); scales of elytral intervals arranged in regular pairs (char. 41.1); vestiture with a semicircular white stripe at posterior third (char. 40.1). Tibiae with slightly arcuate apices (char. 48.1). Penis with long apodemes (char. 110.0) and with endophallus generally lacking sclerites.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F2B0DD76E8D140FF969.taxon	description	Description. Body short and broad-oval, very small in size, 2.0 mm or less in length (rostrum excluded), densely clothed with hydrofuge pitted scales. Rostrum in female usually distinctly longer than in male. Antennae with 7 - segmented funicle, usually inserted at midlength. Forehead between eyes foveate. Pronotum moderately transverse, with sides weakly rounded, disc moderately to strongly transversely convex. Postocular lobe ventrally indistinct, not raised, not forming discontinuity with anterior prosternal margin. Prosternal canal weak, with side margins weak. Elytra slightly longer than wide, with humeri subquadrately rounded, with parallel sides, posterior declivity in lateral view strong at 75 degrees, lacking callosities; scales of elytral intervals arranged in regular pairs, side by side, each interval with two individually distinct rows of round scales; vestiture with a semicircular white stripe at posterior third. Tibiae with slightly arcuate apices, lacking distinct denticles and with setae very short and indistinct; tarsi short, with tarsomere 3 broad and slightly cordate, clothed beneath with fine, dense, recumbent pubescence. Penis with long apodemes and with endophallus generally lacking sclerites. Apodemes of spiculum ventrale straight, long, parallel.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F2B0DD76E8D140FF969.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This genus is associated with Azolla and easily identified by five apomorphies (char. 1.1, 34.1, 37.1, 40.1, 41.1), all in nongenital characters: body very small in size, elytra subquadrate with posterior declivity strong and with a semicircular stripe of white scales at posterior third, elytral interstriae covered with two regular rows of scales (homoplastic with other species of Bagous). Azollaebagous was maximally supported in BI and ML and strongly supported in MP (97 % sr, Bremer support 3). This genus shares with Memptorrhynchus the almost indistinct prosternal canal and the tarsi short, with broad cordate tarsomere 3.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F2B0DD76E8D140FF969.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is composed by the joining of the name Azolla to the name Bagous highlighting that all the species of this new genus appear to live on Azolla, a genus of the water fern plant family Azollaceae. Species included. AUS: * ¹ Azollaebagous clarenciensis (Blackburn, 1894) n. comb.; ORR: ² A. alexanderi (O'Brien, 1995) n. comb., ¹ A. contrarius (O'Brien, 1995) n. comb., ¹ A. pygmaeus (Voss, 1960) n. comb.; PAL: * ² A. pygmaeodes (O'Brien & Morimoto, 1995) n. comb.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F280DD768311522FD5D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forehead between eyes sulcate or foveate (char. 24.1); postocular lobes well-developed (char. 30.1); prosternum with deep rostral canal (char. 31.2) and with postero-lateral margins of rostral canal sharply raised (char. 33.2) (except for the B. biimpressus group of the subgen. Macropelmus); elytral interval 5 usually with declivital callus obtuse to acute, poorly to well-developed (char. 36.1, absent in subgenus Parabagous and in B. exilis, B. frivaldszkyi and B. tubulus). Tarsomere 3 cordate to linear; penis body ventrally membranous to fully sclerotized, usually with numerous basal or apical, more or less complex sclerites, with long to very short apodemes.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5C1F280DD768311522FD5D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the all-species analysis the genus was almost maximally supported in BI (99 % pp) but only weakly supported in ML (65 % bs) and MP (63 % sr, Bremer support 1); in the type-species analysis its support in ML and MP was stronger (respectively, 78 % bs and 72 % sr, Bremer support 3). Infrageneric classification of the genus Bagous is controversial. As already discussed, three large complexes of species are maximally, or nearly maximally supported: subgenera Parabagous, Hydronoplus and Hydrillaebagous new subgenus. The subgenus Macropelmus represents a further clade that includes a very large number of species sharing the shortening of the penis apodemes,. All other species, including B. binodulus, the type species of the genus, fall in a polytomy. The species available for the molecular analysis clustered in clades that match their placement in the topology of the BI reconstruction based on the morphological analysis. The type-species analysis produced the same pattern but with a further group (including Himaniphades and Abagous) that was not present in ML and had only low support. In accordance with the all-species analysis, we refer it to the subgenus Bagous as a species-group (B. bipunctatus group).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F280DD76DED165CFA4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body usually widest at base, thence slightly tapered at least in basal 2 / 3, sometimes with short, ventrobasal plate extending between apodemes (char. 70.1 and 70.2) and with endophallus within tube of penis body with a pair of lateral concentrations of numerous fine denticles or sparse large denticles (char. 87.1 and 87.2). Penis apodemes long (char. 110.0).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F280DD76DED165CFA4C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This subgenus includes all the species that are not part of the other subgenera. Some of the species of this subgenus can be referred to some well characterized species-groups, while the remaining species are morphologically quite heterogeneous, sharing only a single genital character. Seven species belonging to the subgenus Bagous were available for the mtCOI analysis, and they clustered in a different clade from the species belonging to subgenus Macropelmus, with weak support (62 % pp). Within this clade, two monophyletic groups were distinguished, that match only in part the composition of the morphological species groups.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F280DD76ADD145FF922.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Prosternal canal weak (char. 31.1). Sclerotization of ventral surface of penis body broadly membranous. Sclerotized area of dorsal surface of penis body greatly reduced and present only as a narrow basal bridge (char. 63.1). Endophallus lacking sclerites.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F280DD76ADD145FF922.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Monospecific. Some characters of the penis, such as the almost completely membranous dorsal surface of the body and the complete absence of sclerites in the endophallus, are uncommon in the Bagoini. Species included. AUS: * Bagous josephi O'Brien, 1992.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F290DD7681E1348FE09.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-cylindrical. Pronotum 0.90 x or more as long as broad (char. 26.1); with more or less distinctly carinate basal margin across middle one-fourth to one-half. Sclerite complex within tube of penis body with pair of submedian, subapical sclerites well separated (char. 84.3). Submedian sclerites subtriangular with point at base (char. 86.1). Ventral surface of penis body broadly membranous.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5F1F290DD7681E1348FE09.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species of this group are characterized by a long series of external and genital characters, shared with other not closely related or completely unrelated groups, except for one of them (char. 84.3) unique for this group. B. pyrrhocnemus and B. pyrrhocnemodes differ from the other species of the group by the ventrobasal margin of the penis body with short, ventrobasal plate extending between apodemes and forming an acute median point, visible from above (char. 70.2), This structure is shared with B. binodulus, to which the BI analysis suggests a relationship (49 % pp). This group is weakly supported in BI (72 % pp) and ML (55 % bs). It is presently composed of five Indian species, extensively treated and keyed by O'Brien & Askevold (1995). Species included. ORR: * ¹ Bagous compertus Faust, 1888, ¹ B. limnophilae O'Brien, 1995, ¹ B. nigrinus O'Brien, 1995, ² B. pyrrhocnemodes O'Brien, 1995, * ² B. pyrrhocnemus O'Brien, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F290DD76D231476FB94.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Upper margin of eye at a level slightly higher than the forehead (char. 25.1). Glabrous, smooth and shining area over eyes and at base of interval 1 (char. 35.1). Basal portion of pronotum broadly covered with plumose scales (char. 29.1). Basal margin of elytra slightly to markedly costate from scutellum to, or almost to, humerus. Ventrite 5 with median impression with carinate margin (char. 44.2) bearing a row of long setae (char. 45.1). Ventrobasal margin of penis body with short, ventrobasal plate extending between apodemes and forming an acute median point, visible from above (char. 70.2). Sclerite complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian, subapical well-separated sclerites (char. 84.1). Submedian sclerites subtriangular with a point at base (char. 86.1). Basal sclerite complex of two pairs of flat sclerites (char. 90.4).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F290DD76D231476FB94.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is composed of a single Palaearctic species, i. e., the type species of the genus Bagous, which bears several striking nongenital as well as genital autapomorphic characters unique in the Bagoini. The penis shares certain general features with those of the species of the B. bipunctatus group. The presence of a basal plate of the penis body extending between apodemes is shared between the two groups, but a similar structure appears also in the subgenus Hydronoplus. Species included. PAL: § * Bagous binodulus (Herbst, 1795).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F290DD76B9514ACFA0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotum with more or less distinctly carinate basal margin across middle one-fourth to one-half. Basal margin of elytra swollen, slightly to markedly costate from scutellum to, or almost to, humerus. Sclerotization of ventral surface of penis body broadly membranous. Endophallus lacking sclerites.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F290DD76B9514ACFA0E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group includes a species from the Indian subcontinent well characterized by a series of homoplastic characters. Habitus and shape of the male genitalia seem more similar to those of the species of the B. compertus group. Species included. ORR: * Bagous quadrimaculatus O'Brien, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F2E0DD7691E16CEFDEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tube of penis body with a pair of lateral concentrations of more or less numerous, fine to large, mostly acute denticles (char. 87.1). Ventrobasal margin of penis body with short, ventrobasal plate extending between apodemes, therefore visible from above (excluding B. kagiashi and B. picturatus from Japan) (char. 70.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5E1F2E0DD7691E16CEFDEC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species presently included in this large widespread group are defined by one distinctive character of the endophallus, which consists of a pair of regions with distinctly concentrated and usually minute (rarely large) denticles toward the apex. Otherwise the group is heterogeneous in external structure such as tarsal shape and tibial curvature and dentition. Among the species of the complex, the females of B. bipunctatus and B. puncticollis possess a bursa with sclerites more or less bilobed and convex (as in unrelated species like those of the B. argillaceus group) (char. 116.2). Monophyly of this group is suggested also by the phylogenetic analysis, its species being included in a clade, although not statistically supported (44 % pp). It is distributed worldwide except for Australia. Species included. AFR: 4 Bagous coenosus Gyllenhal, 1836, * ³ B. fastosus Hartmann, 1904, 4 B. madecassus Fairmaire, 1897, 4 B. quadrinodulosus Hustache, 1932. NAR: ² B. californicus LeConte, 1876, ² B. chandleri Tanner, 1943, ² B. dietzi Tanner, 1954, ² B. floridanus Tanner, 1943, 5 B. lunatoides O'Brien, 1979, ² B. lunatus Blatchley, 1916, * 10 B. mamillatus Say, 1831, ² B. obliquus LeConte, 1876, ² B. planatus LeConte, 1876, ² B. puritanus Blatchley, 1916, ² B. restrictus LeConte, 1876, 7 B. tuberosus (Tanner, 1943). ORR: * 7 B. difficilis O'Brien, 1995, * 8 B. vicinus Hustache, 1926. PAL: ² B. amurensis Egorov & Gratshev, 1990, § * 4 B. bagdatensis Pic, 1904, * ¹ B. bipunctatus (Kôno, 1934), § ² B. glabrirostris (Herbst, 1795), * 9 B. kagiashi Chujo & Morimoto, 1959, § ² B. lutulentus (Gyllenhal, 1813), * 6 B. occultus O'Brien, 1995, ² B. olcesei Tournier, 1874, * 5 B. picturatus Egorov & Gratshev, 1990, ¹ B. puncticollis Boheman, 1845, § * ² B. robustus Brisout de Barneville, 1863, ² B. spiculatus O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994, § ² B. subcarinatus Gyllenhal, 1836, ² B. subcordatus O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994, * 11 B. yamazakii O'Brien & Morimoto, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2E0DD76B6F1404FA4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body very small, at most just longer than 2.0 mm. Penis body with dorsal surface at base truncate (char. 64.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian, subapical sclerites well separated from each other (char. 84.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2E0DD76B6F1404FA4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The single species included in this group was previously included in the B. pygmaeus group (Askevold et al. 1994; O’Brien et al. 1994; O’Brien & Askevold 1995). It differs from all these species, however, by the shape of the penis and the presence of a pair of sclerites in the endophallus. Species included. ORR: * B. deceptus O'Brien, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2E0DD76DBD1649FBDE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body very small, less (char. 1.1) or at most just longer than 2.0 mm. Penis body at least 4 times longer than wide (char. 57.0).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2E0DD76DBD1649FBDE.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The three species that we refer to this group were previously placed in the B. pygmaeus group (Askevold et al. 1994; O’Brien et al. 1994; O’Brien & Askevold 1995), but are now referred to the genus Azollaebagous. The differences from this genus are the strongly developed postocular lobes, the more pronounced prosteral canal, the more elongate elytra with less marked posterior declivity, and lack of curved whitish band at apical third of elytra. This group is weakly supported in BI (75 % pp). Species included. ORR: * ¹ B. joyi O'Brien, 1995, * ² B. parvus O'Brien, 1995. PAL: * ³ B. minor O'Brien & Morimoto, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2F0DD76AD016C2FDE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-cylindrical. Rostrum flattened at apex (char. 8.1) and with dorsal surface at point of antennal insertion distinctly angulate (char. 6.1). Scrobe in dorsal view visible for its entire length (char. 15.1). Forehead with tuberculate elevation along margin of eye. Pronotum 0.90 x or more as long as broad (char. 26.1). Pronotum with more or less distinctly carinate basal margin across middle one-fourth to one-half. Basal margin of elytra swollen, slightly to markedly costate from scutellum to, or almost to, humerus. Penis body long (char. 57.0). Ventrobasal margin of penis body with short plate extending between apodemes, and therefore visible from above (char. 70.1). Penis body with subapical, ventral depression extending toward base and forming shallow to prominent sulcus (char. 72.1); with dorsolateral, longitudinal furrows, one on each side, forming an acute, raised margin that extends from behind orifice to midlength or further, and dorsal surface markedly convex but depressed below level of lateral margin (char. 62.1). Gonocoxite lacking stylus (char. 117.1), densely setose (char. 119.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F591F2F0DD76AD016C2FDE5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This subgenus is fully supported in all analyses and is one of the most easily distinguishable groups in the Bagoini. Fairmaire (1898) and Sharp (1917 a) created the new genera Hydronoplus (here downgraded to subgenus) and Pseudobagous (here synonymized with Hydronoplus) for B. signatifrons and B. longulus, respectively. Hydronoplus is characterized by nine apomorphies, four in external morphology and five in the shape of male and female genitalia, and includes six Afrotropical species and one Indian species. Since the characterstates sequence was identical in the type species of Hydronoplus and Pseudobagous, only the former appears in the type-species tree (Fig. 10). Species included. AFR: ¹ Bagous junodi (Sharp, 1917), ¹ B. longulus Gyllenhal, 1836, ¹ B. micaceus Hustache, 1924, ¹ B. promontorii Marshall, 1906, ¹ B. pilitarsis Hustache, 1923, * ¹ B. signatifrons (Fairmaire, 1898). ORR: * ² B. nymphaeae Faust, 1888.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2C0DD76B9C1545F8C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Rostrum with dense fringe of seta-like scales in median 1 / 3 along ventral margin (char. 12.2). Pronotum with more or less rounded sides, with more or less distinct apical constriction, more or less deeply punctured with intervals between punctures more or less granulose. Elytra more or less elongate, with odd elytral intervals covered with recumbent or erect, short or long setae.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2C0DD76B9C1545F8C6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The species of this group are characterized by one synapomorphy (char. 12.2): the dense fringe of setalike scales along the ventral margin of the rostrum. B. chevrolati differs from the other species by the presence of a sclerite complex within the tube of the penis body that has a pair of submedian, subapical sclerites well separated from each other (char. 84.1). B. belloi is unique within Bagoini in having 6 funicular segments (char. 19.1), and B. longirostris is unique in having the penis body with long pili at the apex (char. 60.1). Species included. PAL: ¹ Bagous anatolicus Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, ¹ B. andalusiacus González, 1971 * ³ B. belloi Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, * ¹ B. chevrolati Tournier, 1874, ¹ B. corsicanus Hoffmann, 1936, ¹ B. cosiensis Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, ¹ B. elongatus Pic, 1896, ¹ B. epirotes Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, ¹ B. franzi González, 1971, ¹ B. freti Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, ¹ B. gracilentus Desbrochers des Loges, 1896, ¹ B. guttatus Desbrochers des Loges, 1896, ¹ B. ibericus González, 1971, ¹ B. libanicus Desbrochers des Loges, 1896, * ² B. longirostris Vitale, 1904, ¹ B. lyauteyi Hoffmann, 1952, ¹ B. marocanus Hustache, 1923, ¹ B. osellai Caldara & O'Brien, 1998, ¹ B. rudicollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1896.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2C0DD76FAD1563FBB9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna with segment 7 of funicle nearly as wide as segment 6 (char. 21.0) and distinctly separated from club (except for B. belloi with 6 funicular segments). Forehead neither sulcate nor foveate (char. 24.0), with tuberculate elevation along margin of eye (excluding some species). Vestiture of odd-numbered elytral intervals generally tesselate, with alternate rectangles of dark and pale scales; setae of odd-numbered elytral intervals surrounded usually by rosette of scales of same color. Elytra lacking declivital callosities (char. 36.0). Metasternum distinctly shorter than ventrite 1. Tibiae stout, with inner margin weakly bisinuate, lacking denticles and with several moderately short bristles; outer margin of tibiae, especially on hind tibiae, straight or nearly so toward apex (in lateral view) (char. 48.0). Tarsi short, with tarsomere 3 subcordate. Basal sclerite complex with two pairs of subclavate sclerites variously articulated (char. 90.1). Sclerotization of ventral surface of penis body broadly membranous. Apodemes of spiculum ventrale very broadly and arcuately divergent from base (U-shaped) (char. 114.1). Bursa with digitate sclerotized structure (char. 116.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2C0DD76FAD1563FBB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This subgenus was fully supported in BI and strongly supported in ML and MP (96 % bs and sr). The species belonging to this subgenus share four synapomorphies: shape of funicular segment 7 (char. 21.0), features of the sclerite complex at the base of the endophallus of the penis (char. 90.1), shape of the spiculum ventrale (char. 114.1) and the sclerite complex of the bursa (char. 116.1). Some strongly modified external features (i. e., short and robust legs, scale vestiture, long elytral setae) might be related to the biology of these species, which is generally poorly known. These species appear to be more strictly associated with the soil than aquatic habitats. Specimens with known data were collected either in desert or forested habitats, from lowland to high altitude, usually by sifting soil and debris far from permanent aquatic pools. We refer three groups to this subgenus.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2D0DD7684613F2FF21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body with broad horizontal plate over orifice (char. 79.1). Endophallus at base with many large spicules (char. 89.2).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5B1F2D0DD7684613F2FF21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group differs from the B. chevrolati group by two character states in the male genitalia (char. 79.1 and 89.2). Species included. PAL: * Bagous costulatus Perris, 1870, B. sabellai Caldara & O'Brien, 1998.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5A1F2D0DD76E791486FD12.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Integument completely hidden by finely pitted, almost smooth (char. 3.1) whitish scales, which on elytral intervals are polygonal and arranged in double rows (char. 41.1). Area over eye tuberculate. Rostrum in cross section cylindrical and equal in length in both sexes (char. 5.0). Tarsomere 3 subcordate, not wider than tarsomere 2.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F5A1F2D0DD76E791486FD12.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group differs from all other Bagoini by the features of the elytral vestiture; within the subgenus Parabagous it is characterised by the larger size, the sexually monomorphic rostrum, and the different shape of the tarsi. In all analyses this group was sister to the other species of Parabagous, with generally strong support. Species included. PAL: * Bagous cyperorum Peyerimhoff, 1929.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76D5916B9FC1E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ventral punctures distinctly large, excavate (char. 43.1). Orificial lateral sclerites with basal margin distinct. Sclerite complex within tube of penis body with pair of submedian, subapical well-separated sclerites (char. 84.1). Dorsal surface at base truncate (char. 64.1). Penis body subbasally notched in lateral view (char. 69.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76D5916B9FC1E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group was strongly supported in all analyses. It has four synapomorphies (char. 43.1, 64.1, 69.1, 84.1), three of which are on the male genitalia. This group is represented by two Palaearctic species (both occurring also on the Indian subcontinent) and one Indian species. Species included. ORR: * ² B. frontalis O'Brien, 1995; ORR & PAL: * ¹ Bagous affaber Faust, 1887, ¹ B. latepunctatus Pic, 1904.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76A651225F916.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotal disc moderately to strongly transversely convex. Median impression of ventrite 5 with carinate margin (char. 44.2). Median orificial sclerites with U-shaped, hooked process (char. 82.1). Penis body ventrolaterally with oval lobe in apical third (char. 64.1). Arms of spiculum ventrale with inner margins strongly convergent, joined at ca. midlength (char. 112.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76A651225F916.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group, formed by one Indian and one Australian species, is characterized by one character of ventrite 5 and three unequivocal apomorphic characters in the genitalia. O'Brien & Askevold (1994) placed this group as the sister-group of the B. apicalis group on the basis of several external characters, but this relationship was not supported by our analysis. Species included. AUS: ¹ Bagous utriculariae O'Brien, 1992; ORR: * ¹ B. humeridens Hustache, 1926.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76B2E1456FAD3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian subapical and posteriorly joined sclerites (char. 84.2).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F220DD76B2E1456FAD3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group is mainly characterized by the shape of the penis and the presence of a pair of submedian subapical and posteriorly joined sclerites that are unique within the tribe. Species included. NAR: * Bagous pictus Blatchley, 1920.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F230DD768161343FF69.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Median orificial sclerites with U-shaped, hemispherical sclerite (char. 82.2).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F551F230DD768161343FF69.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group, formed by two North-American species, is characterized by a unique apomorphy consisting of two orificial sclerites uncommon in their shape and doubtfully related to those observed in the species of the B. humeridens group. Species included. NAR: ¹ B. blatchleyi Tanner, 1943, * ¹ B. sellatus LeConte, 1876.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76E31121CFDE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body with unmovable, broad, horizontal plate over orifice (char. 79.2). Shape of venter of penis body ventrolaterally triangular in cross-section, in about middle region (char. 68.1). Apex of penis body very long, asymmetrically deflected to left.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76E31121CFDE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group, composed of one Australian and one Indian species, is characterized by two apomorphies in the penis, unique in the Bagoini. In our matrix we used B. tuberculatus since the female of B. apicalis is unknown. Species included. AUS: ¹ Bagous apicalis O'Brien, 1992. ORR: * ¹ B. tuberculatus O'Brien, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76DBB17C9FB81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body short and broad-oval, very small (length <2 mm) (Char. 1.1). Forehead between eyes broad. Elytra short, subrectangular, with greatly shortened caudal prolongation (char. 37.1), and lacking declivital callosity (char. 36.0). Scales of elytral intervals arranged in regular pairs, side by side, each interval with two, individually distinct rows of round scales across each interval (char. 41.1). Tibiae with apices only moderately arcuate, lacking denticles; tarsi short, with tarsomere 3 subquadrate and as wide as tarsomere 2. Penis body compressed, dorsoventrally flattened. Median orificial sclerites with upturned Y-shaped process (char. 82.3).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76DBB17C9FB81.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is formed by three very closely related small-sized Palaearctic species, which are characterized by the lack of declivital callosities and the pattern of the elytral vestiture, which they share with other unrelated groups, and which are differentiated by characters of the male genitalia. Species included. PAL: § * ¹ Bagous exilis Jacquelin du Val, 1854, ¹ B. fuentei Pic, 1908, ¹ B. minutissimus Faust, 1887.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76B9916D4F967.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Elytra elongate, distinctly wider than pronotum; elytral vestiture tessellate, with distinct stripe in front of declivity. Tarsi long, sublinear. Penis body with pair of movable (char. 80.1), elongate sclerotized plates covering orifice and attached to the orificial margin (char. 79.3), and with median short prominence only visible when plates are opened (char. 81.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F230DD76B9916D4F967.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is well distinguished from the other species groups by the general habitus, which is characterized by the elongate elytra that are also distinctly wider than the pronotum and which are partly covered with white scales forming a distinct subapical stripe. However, the main difference is in the uncommon shape of the penis body, in which two submedian sclerites are attached to the basal margin of the orifice. Presently this group is composed of three very closely related Palaearctic species, which are reciprocally distinguished by the slightly different shape of tarsomere 3 and / or the shape of the penis. Based on the mtCOI analysis (Fig. 12), B. tempestivus resulted associated with B. monanthifagus and B. exilis, with 81 % pp support. Species included. PAL: ¹ Bagous czwalinai Seidlitz, 1891, ¹ B. macedon Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, § * ¹ B. tempestivus (Herbst, 1795).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F200DD768311479FEC5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-oval. Tarsi short, tarsomere 3 subcordate and slightly wider than tarsomere 2. Penis body robust, with one pair of elongate sclerotized plates, up-turned at base and covering orifice (char. 79.4), movable (char. 80.1), and with ventral median vermiform sclerite (char. 81.1) only visible when plate is opened. Endophallus with W-shaped sclerite complex basally articulate (char. 84.4), entwined by membranous saccule with many very small spicules and open dorsally (char. 88.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F541F200DD768311479FEC5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group, presently composed only of B. lutosus, a species widespread in Europe and western and central Asia, is easily distinguishable from all other Bagoini by the unique characters of the sclerites of the penis. Species included. PAL: * Bagous lutosus (Gyllenhal, 1813).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F200DD76C5C14EFFB79.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotum rugulose, strongly sulcated longitudinally in the middle. Elytral scales shining. Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian subapical and posteriorly joined sclerites (char. 84.2). Median setal brush behind orifice situated at base of subapical sclerites (char. 92.1). Penis body with apex distinctly sagittate (char. 59.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F200DD76C5C14EFFB79.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The single Palaearctic species presently included in this group is similar in habitus to those of the B. argillaceus group, from which it differs in the rugulose sculpture of the pronotum. Species included. PAL: * Bagous dieckmanni Egorov & Gratshev, 1990.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F200DD76E451236FCCF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Area over eye tuberculate. Tarsomeres short, nearly as long as wide and all of the same width. Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with two pairs of subapical sclerites, one submedian and the other sublateral and posteriorly joined (char. 84.3). Penis body laterally membranous and dorsally with two overlapping poorly sclerotized pairs of plates covering orifice (char. 67.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F200DD76E451236FCCF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Monophyly of this group is suggested by the uncommon shape of the body of the penis and the endophallic sclerites. Although the unique synapomorphies are in the features of the penis body, these species have a characteristic habitus (shape of pronotum, elytra and legs and elytral vestiture) which allows their easy recognition. The group is presently composed of five Palaearctic species. Species included. PAL: ¹ Bagous aliciae Cmoluch, 1983, § ¹ B. monanthiphagus Stüben, 2010, ¹ B. septemcostatus Chevrolat, 1860, * ¹ B. subruber Reitter, 1890, ¹ B. turkmenicus Egorov & Gratshev, 1990.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F210DD76BC116DFFED8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Segment 7 of antennal funicle elongate (char. 20.1), nearly as wide as segment 6 (char. 21.1). Antennal club structure indistinctly segmented, 1 st segment elongate, glabrous and shining, 2 nd and 3 rd segments very short, distinctly pubescent (char. 23.1). Prosternal canal scarcely developed (char. 31.1), especially in its proximal half, which is higher than the distal half, forming a weak basal ridge (char. 32.1); postero-lateral margins of prosternal canal barely raised (char. 33.1). Female pygidium with apex broadly blunted (char. 54.1), forming a flat, thickened, arcuate margin (char. 55.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian subapical sclerites posteriorly joined (char. 84.2). Median setal brush behind orifice situated at base of subapical sclerites (excluding B. petro) (char. 92.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F571F210DD76BC116DFFED8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group was also strongly or moderately strongly supported in the phylogenetic analyses. It traditionally formed the subgenus Ephimeropus and is characterized by several genital as well as non-genital characters, in part shared with other groups. Caldara & O’Brien (1998) separated three species — B. geniculatus, B. geniculatodes and B. mucronatus — in the B. geniculatus group, on the basis of several synapomorphies from external morphology — postocular lobe ventrally indistinct, not raised, not forming discontinuity with anterior prosternal margin (char. 30.0); tibiae with long fine swimming hairs, many of which are much longer than diameter of tibia (char. 47.1); third tarsomere sub-glabrous beneath, with few long setae (char. 53.2) — and of the male genitalia — penis body with more or less sagittate apex (char. 5 9.1), with orificial lateral sclerites apically attached to the sides of the penis body (char. 77.1) and distinctly laterally movable (char. 78.1), appearing like a dorsal process (" false " dorsal process). This group is currently composed of five Palaearctic and one Indian species. Species included. ORR: 4 Bagous geniculatodes O'Brien, 1995; PAL: * ¹ B. biimpressus Fåhraeus, 1845, * 4 B. geniculatus (Hochhuth, 1847), * 5 B. mucronatus Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, * ² B. perparvulus Rosenhauer, 1856, § * ³ B. petro (Herbst, 1795).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F561F210DD76E61164BFBBB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scales smooth and shiny, with at most a very fine pit (char. 3.1). Supraocular setae very slender, long, erect and curved. Pronotum with complete median longitudinal sulcus or impression. Prosternum with scarcely evident canal, lateral margin more or less parallel and weakly raised (char. 31.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with two posteriorly joined pairs of subapical sclerites, one submedian and the other sublateral (char. 84.4). Penis body with pseudo-orifice large to very large, apparent orifice strongly extended proximally, ventrally sinuate in area beneath orifice, lateral surface ventral to flange concave. Apodemes of spiculum ventrale strongly divergent, contiguous only at extreme base.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F561F210DD76E61164BFBBB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is characterized by one synapomorphy from external morphology, the vestiture composed of almost smooth and distinctly shiny scales, and two synapomorphies from the genitalia. It was supported in all of the phylogenetic analyses. Prevously, B. affinis was placed in a separate monotypic group by O’Brien & Askevold (1995) due to two autapomorphies (scales on pronotal disc sublunate and distinctly emarginate and penis apodemes extremely short; char. 28.1 and 110.2, respectively) and the lack of four synapomorphies of the genitalia possessed by the other species of the B. argillaceus group — laminar orificial lateral sclerites present although sometimes only distinguishable at the apical portion (char. 74.1); orificial lateral sclerites obliquely uniformly raised (char. 75.1) and with basal margin distinct; orifice with lateral, transverse vertical sclerite (char. 83.1); and presence of a bursa with sclerites more or less bilobed and convex (char. 116.1). It is represented by four Palaearctic species, three of which with an eastern distribution, and two Indian species. Species included. ORR: * ³ Bagous affinis Hustache, 1926; ¹ Bagous laevigatus O'Brien & Pajni, 1989; PAL: * § ¹ B. argillaceus Gyllenhal, 1836, ¹ B. foersteri Hartmann, 1899, * ² B. fremuthi Dieckmann, 1975, ¹ B. sulcicollis Hartmann, 1899.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F561F210DD76B8316CBF8E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pronotum with prominent to acute anterolateral tubercle (scarcely evident in B. peregrinus and B. meregallii) (char. 27.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with two posteriorly joined pairs of subapical sclerites, one submedian and the other sublateral (char. 84.5). Pseudo-orifice large to very large, apparent orifice strongly extended proximally (excluding B. meregallii). Arms of spiculum ventrale in relation to apodemes sometimes in a lower level.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F561F210DD76B8316CBF8E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Whereas the external habitus of some species that belong to this group, like B. meregallii, is markedly different from others, the shape of the very characteristic male genitalia is extraordinarily similar in all of them. Monophyly of this group was weakly supported in BI (66 % pp) and ML (65 % bs) but was not supported in MP. The two North American species B. setosus and B. buchanani belong to this group, and LeConte (1876) created for these species the new genus Pnigodes, on the basis of the shape of the pronotum. This group presently includes species from all regions except Australia. Species included. AFR: ² Bagous fragosus Marshall, 1920, ² B. hybridus Hustache, 1923; NAR: ² B. buchanani (Tanner, 1943), * ² B. setosus (LeConte, 1876); ORR: * ¹ B. interruptus Faust, 1891, ² B. salebrosus O'Brien & Pajni, 1995, ² B. sumatrensis Faust, 1891, ² B. tonkinianus Hustache, 1926; PAL: * ³ B. bulgaricus Angelov, 1989, ² B. foveifrons Hustache, 1923, ² B. meregallii Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, ² B. peregrinus Gratshev, 1993, ² B. sardiniensis Brisout de Barneville, 1863.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F260DD76FAD1279FD86.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-cylindrical. Rostrum distinctly short (char. 4.1), subrectangular, scarcely sexually dimorphic. Pronotum 0.90 x or more as long as broad (char. 26.1). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with two pairs of subapical sclerites, one submedian and well separated from each other and the other sublateral and posteriorly joined (char. 84.5). Tube of penis body ventrally with a V-shaped median sclerite fused to the ventral portion and not movable (char. 85.1). Tegmen lacking parameroid lobes (char. 111.2). Gonocoxite with stylus (char. 117.0) although this is very small.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F260DD76FAD1279FD86.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is characterized by the rostrum which is shorter than in all other bagoines and by a unique pattern of the endophallic sclerites. In ML and MP this group was very weakly associated to the B. tubulus group, but such a relationship was not supported in BI. This group is composed by one Palaearctic species and one Afrotropical species Species included. AFR: ¹ Bagous cylindricollis Hustache, 1923; PAL: * ¹ B. cylindricus Rosenhauer, 1856.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F260DD76D901413FAB7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-cylindrical. Pronotum 0.90 x or more as long as broad (char. 26.1). Rostrum cylindrical, narrow, elongate (especially in female). Elytra nearly as wide as pronotum, without calli (char. 36.0). Sclerites complex within tube of penis body with a pair of submedian subapical sclerites posteriorly joined (char. 84.2), with chela-like basal portion. Median setal brush behind orifice situated at base of subapical sclerites (char. 93.1). Penis body elongate, with sinuate and subparallel sides. Tegmen lacking parameroid lobes (char. 111.2). Arms of spiculum ventrale longer than apodemes, with long apical setae (char. 113.1). Gonocoxites elongate.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F260DD76D901413FAB7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is characterized by the rostrum being cylindrical, narrow, and elongate (especially in the female), and a series of non-genital characters, e. g., the elongate body, and genital character states in part shared also by the species of the B. cylindricus group. Previously, B. elegans and B. majzlani (formerly Dicranthus) were separated in a distinct group by Caldara & O’Brien (1998) due to their very distinctive habitus, including the pattern of the dorsal vestiture (char. 39.1 and 39.2), and the shape of the elytra in which the confluence of intervals 3 and 9 is markedly raised and forms a long posteriorly-projecting process (char. 38.1). In both all-species (Fig. 9) and type-species (Fig. 10) analyses this group was strongly supported; the complex comprising B. tubulus / B. friwaldszkyi was sister to the complex B. elegans / B. majzlani. This group is composed of seven Palaearctic species. Species included. PAL: § * ³ Bagous elegans (Fabricius, 1801); * ² Bagous friwaldszkyi Tournier, 1874, ¹ B. henoni Hustache, 1927, * 4 B. majzlani (Kodada, Holecova & Behne, 1992); ¹ B. mingrelicus Tournier, 1874, ¹ B. minutus Hochhuth, 1847, * ¹ B. tubulus Caldara & O’Brien, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F270DD76AF41238FF6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body elongate with sides convergent from base to apex, with ventrobasal margin truncate; dorsal process very high and composed of a pair of very elongate sclerotized pieces, in dorsal view sinuate and joined at base with two small V-shaped vertical orificial sclerites (char. 83.1) and with membrane from dorsal process to proximal margin of orifice.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F511F270DD76AF41238FF6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is characterized by a very peculiar shape of the penis, especially due to the high dorsal process, and the sclerites. This group was also supported in the phylogenetic analysis (BI: 95 % pp; ML: 75 % bs; MP: 59 % sr). Moreover, the two taxa included in this group, which are largely widespread in the western Palaearctic region, are apparently the only two species living on Butomus umbellatus L. (Butomaceae). However, they differ from each other in several external characters. Apart from the general habitus which is distinctly thinner, B. nodulosus has a very well-developed declivital callus of interval 5, long and distinctly apically curved tibiae, with distinct denticles, elongate and linear tarsi. In contrast, B. validus has a rostrum with numerous scale-like setae along the ventro-lateral margins (char. 12.1) and penis body with sclerotized subtriangular plate behind the dorsal process, (char. 95.1). Due to these differences these species were placed in two separated monotypic groups by Caldara & O’Brien (1998). Species included. PAL: § * ¹ Bagous nodulosus Gyllenhal, 1836; * ² Bagous validus Rosenhauer, 1847.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76E33128BFDE7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body with dorsal surface at base transverse (char. 64.1), with median setal brush behind orifice absent (char. 93.0). Dorsal surface sulcate behind dorsal process, producing distinctly costate lateral margin, apodemes very short. Penis body widest in front of dorsal process (char. 97.1). Post-orificial dorsal process of penis body almost horizontal, directed distally (char. 98.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76E33128BFDE7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is distinctive in the structure of the penis body, especially in the shape of the dorsal process. Species included. ORR: ¹ Bagous indistinctus O'Brien, 1995; PAL: * ¹ B. proprius O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76DA414E5FC7D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body short, broad-oval. Inner surface of dorsal process covered with a dense area of denticles (char. 100.1). Relatively short dorsal process projecting a little proximally, with broad depression behind. Sides behind dorsal process swollen (char. 104.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76DA414E5FC7D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group is distinctive exclusively in two very peculiar male genital characters (char. 100.1 and char. 104.1). Species included. PAL: * Bagous rotundatus O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76CCD15EEF9D3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Inner surface of dorsal process covered with a dense area of denticles (char. 100.1). Lateral margin of penis body at base of dorsal process with subapical lateral incision (char. 102.1), with areas laterad and distad of orifice denticulate (char. 66.1). Penis body widest in front of dorsal process (char. 97.1) and markedly constricted immediately proximad of this (char. 107.1); dorsal process semicircular laterally with anterior concavity, very slightly asymmetrical distad of orifice (char. 96.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F270DD76CCD15EEF9D3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This largely widespread group, which includes species from all regions except the Australian and Afrotropical regions, is separated from other species only by male genital characters (three synapomorphies). In the mtCOI analysis B. limosus formed a strongly supported clade (96 % pp) together with B. frit, B. longitarsis and B. collignensis. Bagous limosus differs from the other species of the group by the elytra with strial punctures large, one-third to more than one-half of intervals width, a character state shared with other unrelated species. Species included. NAR: ¹ Bagous cavifrons LeConte, 1876, ¹ B. maculatus Blatchley, 1916, ¹ B. texanus Tanner, 1943, * ¹ B. transversus LeConte, 1876; ORR: ¹ B. loisae O'Brien, 1995, ¹ B. similis O'Brien, 1995, ¹ B. youngi O'Brien, 1995; PAL: § * ² B. limosus (Gyllenhal, 1827).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F240DD7696813F5FE9A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apical margin of pygidium deeply emarginate (char. 55.2). Inner surface of dorsal process covered with a dense area of denticles (char. 100.1). Sublateral margin of penis body behind dorsal process with dorsal, sublateral, carinate, V-shaped, denticulate ridge bordering median depression behind dorsal process (char. 106.2). Lateral margin laterad and distad of orifice denticulate (char. 66.1). Penis body in cross-section T-shaped, the sides deeply compressed behind dorsal process and almost joined at midline (char. 58.1). Sublateral margin of penis body behind dorsal process denticulate (char. 105.1). Apical third of penis body asymmetrically deflected to left and asymmetrically flattened (char. 61.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F501F240DD7696813F5FE9A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group, composed of the European species B. frit and the Japanese species B. fritodes, is characterized by several synapomorphies, especially in the male genitalia. Concerning character state 57.1, this must not be confused with a slight left deflection of the strict apex present in several unrelated species. B. frit and the species belonging to the previous group formed a monophyletic clade, supported in BI and ML (respectively, 69 % pp and 57 % bs) and not supported in MP; relationships between these groups were also suggested by the molecular analysis, where the reciprocal position of B. frit and B. limosus was, however, reversed. Species included. PAL: § * ¹ Bagous frit (Herbst, 1795), ¹ B. fritodes O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76EA3130CFD73.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongate-cylindrical. Apex of penis body slightly asymmetrical. Gonocoxite sinuate (char. 118.1), lacking stylus (char. 117.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76EA3130CFD73.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This monospecific group is only distinguishable by some character states of the genitalia, especially in the female. The male genitalia are morphologically similar to those of the species of the B. fractus and B. collignensis groups. Species included. PAL: * Bagous buckinghami O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76B9914F5FA42.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body widest in front of dorsal process (char. 97.1). Lateral margin behind dorsal process acute (char. 103.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76B9914F5FA42.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Due to the results of our analyses, this species is here referred to a distinct group and not classified together with B. fractus as previously proposed by O'Brien et al. (1995). Species included. PAL: * Bagous fractodes O'Brien & Morimoto, 1995.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76DC814CFFB81.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Penis body widest in front of dorsal process (char. 83.1), with ventral surface distinctly bicarinate (char. 71.2). Arms of spiculum ventrale apically broadly fused, leaving a small to large membranous central fenestra.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F240DD76DC814CFFB81.taxon	discussion	Remarks. O'Brien et al. (1995) included B. fractus and B. fractodes, reciprocally similar in habitus, in the same group, expressing however reservations concerning important differences they share in the shape of the penis. A close relationship between these two species was not supported by our analysis. In B. fractus the apex of the penis body is curved on the left only at its strict apex (as in B. simulans and B. apicalis) but not as in B. frit where the penis body is curved on the left from the apical third. Species included. PAL: * Bagous fractus O'Brien & Morimoto, 1994.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F250DD76ADB1651FE0F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apex of penis body angulately explanate, more or less sagittate (char. 59.1), with lateral margin behind dorsal process acute (char. 103.1). Dorsal process with apex directed backward (char. 94.1), with setal brush situated anteromedially (char. 92.2). Penis body widest in front of dorsal process (char. 97.1), broad area behind dorsal process depressed.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F531F250DD76ADB1651FE0F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group was present as a monophyletic clade also in BI (94 % pp), ML (70 % bs) and MP (not supported, 49 % sr). The molecular analysis (Fig. 12) included this group in the B. frit clade, with a strong support (98 % pp). All the species included in this group share an almost identical penis, differing only in length and in the shape of the more or less sagittate apex, or by the lateral margin laterad and distad of the orifice being denticulate (as in B. confusus, char. 65.1). Some species, like B. collignensis, B. claudicans, B. rufimanus, B. longitarsis and B. vivesi, are also very similar externally, differing only by small features (length of tarsi and punctures of the pronotum). Other species, like B. rotundicollis, B. riedeli and B. lyali, are characterized mainly by a slender body, flattened elytral dorsum and long legs. However, B. lyali is distinguishable from the other two species by the dense pubescence of the sixth funicular segment (char. 22.1). On the contrary, B. diglyptus is easily distinguished by its robust broad-oval body. This group is composed of Palaearctic, North American and Indian species. Species included. NAR: ¹ Bagous bituberosus LeConte, 1876, ¹ B. nebulosus LeConte, 1876, ¹ B. pauxillus Blatchley, 1916, ¹ B. pusillus LeConte, 1876; ORR: * 4 B. confusus O'Brien, 1995, ¹ B. myriophylli O'Brien, 1995: PAL: ¹ B. claudicans Boheman, 1845, * § ¹ B. collignensis (Herbst, 1797), ¹ B. diglyptus Boheman, 1845, § ¹ B. longitarsis Thomson C. G., 1868, * ³ B. lyali Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, ² B. riedeli Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, * ² B. rotundicollis Boheman, 1845, ¹ B. rufimanus Pericart, 1989, ¹ B. tersus Egorov & Gratshev, 1990, ¹ B. vivesi González, 1967.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F250DD76D1C1657FC29.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tarsi sublinear, short; tarsomere 3 as wide as tarsomere 2. Penis body widest at level of dorsal process and constricted behind dorsal process (excluding B. lutulosus), with apex subtruncate, very bluntly rounded; dorsal process low, flattened, laterally with pair of short wings obliquely arranged (char. 101.1), with setal brush situated anteromedially (excluding B. lutulosus); with costate lateral margin behind dorsal process; ventrally bicarinate from base to below orifice.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F250DD76D1C1657FC29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This Palaearctic group is characterized by the shape of the dorsal process, which is flattened and with pair of lateral wings (char. 101.1). In our analyses it was supported in BI (75 % pp) and ML (60 % bs). It was recovered as a group, but not supported in MP (44 % sr). Species included. PAL: * ¹ Bagous brevis Gyllenhal, 1836, ¹ B. lothari Caldara & O’Brien, 1998, * ² B. lutulosus (Gyllenhal, 1827), ¹ B. revelieri Tournier, 1874, ¹ B. rufipennis Egorov & Gratshev, 1990, ¹ B. uralensis Egorov & Gratshev, 1990.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F250DD76B7114B1FA8E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apex of penis body bluntly rounded. Dorsal process with setal brush. Presence of two long orificial sclerites distinctly angulated in apical third (char. 74.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F250DD76B7114B1FA8E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In this monospecific group, the shape of the dorsal process is similar to that of the B. collignensis and B. brevis groups, from which it is clearly distinguishable by the presence of two orificial sclerites with peculiar shape (char. 74.1). Species included. AFR: * Bagous descarpentriesi Hustache, 1933.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F250DD76A9E1472F943.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apex of penis body acute but not expanded. Orifice with long setal brush (char. 73.1). Remarks. This monospecific group was weakly associated in BI to the B. adelaidae, B. fractus and B. trapae groups (52 % pp), from which it is, however, distinguishable by the presence of an uncommonly long orificial setal brush, autapomorphic for this species. Species included. AFR: * Bagous humeralis Marshall, 1906.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F3A0DD769D51623FEBD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Side margins of prosternum in lateral view strongly acute and projecting posterad over procoxae (char. 33.2). Declivital callus of interval 5 small but distinct. Tarsi moderately short and sublinear. Penis body with vertical dorsal process and with setal brush. Basoventral area medially depressed and indistinctly sclerotized, ventrolaterally distinctly bicarinate from apodeme to about one-third length of penis body (char. 71.2). Sublateral margin of penis body behind dorsal process with dorsal, sublateral, carinate (char. 105.1), and denticulate (char. 106.1) ridge bordering median depression.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F521F3A0DD769D51623FEBD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is distinguishable by four apomorphic characters, one nongenital and three from the male genitalia, one of which homoplastic (char. 71.2). B. dostinei differs from the other two species of the group by the apex of the dorsal process not directed backward. It is supported in all analyses (BI: 100 % pp; ML: 84 % bs; MP: 80 % sr). Species included. AUS: * ¹ Bagous adelaidae Blackburn, 1894, * ² B. dostinei O'Brien, 1992, ¹ B. simulans O'Brien, 1992.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F4D1F3A0DD76E8D156AFC82.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tarsi elongate; all tarsomeres with similar width. Penis body with ventrobasal area medially depressed, ventrolaterally slightly costate at base (char. 71.1). Postorificial dorsal process of penis body almost horizontal, directed distally (char. 98.1). Lateral margin of penis body behind dorsal process markedly carinate, the surface ventral to the carina markedly excavate, the dorsal surface mesad of the carina markedly depressed (char. 108.1). Dorsal surface of penis body, medially, behind dorsal process more or less markedly raised, forming acute, longitudinal, median carina (char. 109.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F4D1F3A0DD76E8D156AFC82.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This North American group is distinguished by two unique character states of the male genitalia (char. 108.1 and 109.1). Species included. NAR: * ¹ Bagous americanus LeConte, 1876, ¹ B. blanchardi Blatchley, 1916, ¹ B. longirostrus Tanner, 1943, ¹ B. magister LeConte, 1876.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F4D1F3A0DD76C9B1342FA3B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tibiae with long fine swimming hairs, many much longer than diameter of tibia (char. 47.1). Tibiae broad, with outer and inner margin more or less perpendicular to apex, the apex not slightly narrowed (char. 49.1). Tarsi elongate and linear, tarsomere 3 subglabrous beneath, with few long setae (char. 53.2). Orificial lateral sclerites with basal margin distinct, raised and basally recurved upwards (char. 75.2), distinctly laterally movable (char. 78.1). Median setal brush behind orifice situated on ventral surface of dorsal process (char. 92.3). Dorsal surface of penis body, behind dorsal process with broad depression (char. 99.1). Post-orificial dorsal process of penis body almost horizontal, directed distally (char. 98.1). Arms of spiculum ventrale apically broadly fused, leaving small to large membranous central fenestra. Insertion of spermathecal gland attached on body, anteapically (char. 115.1).	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
D17787854F4D1F3A0DD76C9B1342FA3B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This group is well-distinguished by a series of synapomorphies of the legs and especially of the penis, which bears an extremely curious dorsal process that is rich in apomorphies. In B. colossus the elytral strial punctures are large, one-third to more than one-half intervals width, similar to other unrelated species. Species included. AFR: ¹ Bagous punctipennis Marshall, 1906, ¹ B. remaudierei Hoffmann, 1954; AUS: ¹ B. natator O'Brien, 1992; ORR: * ² B. colossus O'Brien, 1995, * ¹ B. trapae Parshad, 1961.	en	ROBERTO CALDARA, CHARLES W. O’BRIEN, MASSIMO MEREGALLI (2017): A phylogenetic analysis of the aquatic weevil tribe Bagoini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) based on morphological characters of adults. Zootaxa 4287 (1): 1-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4287.1.1
