identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D17887E2FFDAFFA6E9C4F19C8162FACD.text	D17887E2FFDAFFA6E9C4F19C8162FACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Agelenidae C. L. Koch 1837	<div><p>Family Agelenidae C. L. Koch 1837</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17887E2FFDAFFA6E9C4F19C8162FACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bolzern, Angelo;Pantini, Paolo;Isaia, Marco	Bolzern, Angelo, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco (2013): Revision of the Histopona italica group (Araneae: Agelenidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3640 (1): 23-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.2
D17887E2FFDAFFA2E9C4F051815BFB21.text	D17887E2FFDAFFA2E9C4F051815BFB21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Histopona italica Brignoli 1977	<div><p>Histopona italica Brignoli 1977</p><p>Figures 1–2; 13–14; 21–22; 27</p><p>H. i. Brignoli 1977: 35, f. 14–15, 17–18 (Df, m misidentified = H. leonardoi sp. n.). H. i. Deeleman-Reinhold 1983: 336, f. 18–19 (f).</p><p>H. i. Hänggi 1990: 163, f. 21a–b (m misidentified = H. fioni sp. n., f misidentified). H. i. Trotta 2005: 160, f. 193–194 (m misidentified = H. fioni sp. n., f misidentified).</p><p>Type material. Holotype female: ITALY: Lazio: Roma: Colli Albani, Monte Cavo, 1Ƥ 5/V/1968, Brignoli P.M. (MSNVR).</p><p>Paratypes: ITALY: Piemonte: Cuneo: Maritime Alps, Val Pesio, Small lakes of Marguareis, 2100 m, 2Ƥ 7/ 1968, Osella G. (MSNVR). Toscana: Firenze: Borgo San Lorenzo, Polcanto, 1Ƥ 11/III/1972, Magini F. (MSNVR). Marche: Pesaro: Apecchio, Serra Val di Carda, 13, 1Ƥ 11/IV/1971, Bianchi R. (MSNVR). Lazio: Rieti: Amatrice, Monti della Laga, Capricchia, 1150–1300 m, 1Ƥ IX/1968, Osella G. (MSNVR). Molise: Campobasso: Bojano, 500–700 m, 1Ƥ 18/IX/1967, Minelli A. (MSNVR); Matese, Piani di Campitello, 1500 m, 1Ƥ 22/IX/1967, Minelli A. (MSNVR); Isernia: Roccamandolfi, 820 m, 2Ƥ 29/VI/1967, Riggio, Osella G. (MSNVR).</p><p>Other material examined. ITALY: Piemonte: Cuneo: Garessio, Trappa, UTMED50 32T 419066 4892581 (lon. 7.9874° lat. 44.1819°), riparian wood 600 m, 13, 1Ƥ, 10/IV/2004, Beikes S. Liguria: Genova: Mezzanego, Ghiaiette, 850 m, UTMED50 32T 537328 4918352 (lon. 9.4868° lat. 44.4174°), beech wood, 13, 2Ƥ, 31/X/2009 – 25/V/2010, 12Ƥ 25/V–18/VIII/2010, Lodovici O., Pantini P., Valle M.; Mezzanego, Forest of Monte Zatta, c/o ex.</p><p>Colonia Devoto, 1050 m, UTMED50 32T 537328 4918352 (lon. 9.4688° lat. 44.4174°), beech wood, 53, 4 Ƥ, 31/ X/ 2009 – 25/V/2010, Lodovici O., Pantini P., Valle M. (NMB: 20773), 13, 4Ƥ 25/V–18/VIII/2010, 2Ƥ 25/V/2010 Lodovici O., Pantini P.; Propata, Monte Cremado, 1460 m, 23 2/V–5/VI/1998, Cartasegna F., Pesce D. (CG); La Spezia: Varese Ligure, Passo Cento Croci, 1000 m, UTMED50 32T 549768 4918763 (lon. 9.6251° lat. 44.4204°), 23, 1Ƥ IV– VIII/1991, Cerbino R., Valle M., 13, 1Ƥ IX/1991 – V/1992, Buttarelli G., Cerbino R., Pantini P., Valle M., 13, 2Ƥ VI– IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M.; Savona: Bormida, SP 15 for Colla Melogno, 670 m, small stream, 1Ƥ 28/V/2001; Calizzano, Colle del Melogno, 1000 m, 2Ƥ, 13/VI–12/VII/1999, Trotta A. (CG); Calizzano, Colla Melogno, 920 m, beech wood, 1Ƥ 28/V–17/VII/2001, 3Ƥ 18/ 7–10/X/2001; Calizzano, Rio dell’Uscio, 990 m, 1Ƥ 13/VI–12/VII/1999, Trotta A.; Sassello, Rio del Nido, 1000m, beech wood, 43, 1Ƥ, 18/VII–10/X/2001. Emilia Romagna: Parma: Bedonia, Passo di Montevacà, 800 m, UTMED50 32T 548856 4931317 (lon. 9.6149° lat. 44.5335°), 23 IV–VIII/1991, Cerbino R., Valle M., 43 IX/1991 – V/1992, Buttarelli G., Cerbino R., Pantini P., Valle M., 33, 2Ƥ XI/1992 – IV/1993, Pantini P., Valle M.; Corniglio, Lagdei, 1320 m, fir wood, 93, 15/VII–7/X/ 1997, Fabbri R.; Tornolo, Tarsogno, 800 m, UTMED50 32T 549775 4921065 (lon. 9.6254° lat. 44.4411°), 13, 1Ƥ IV– VIII /1991, Cerbino R., Valle M., 13 IX/1991– V/1992, Buttarelli G., Cerbino R., Pantini P., Valle M., 2Ƥ 25/X/ 1992, Valle M., 23, 3Ƥ 1994, Pantini P., Valle M.; Piacenza: Bobbio, Passo Penice, 1100 m, UTMED50 32T 525987 4960430 (lon. 9.3285° lat. 44.7967°), wood, 13, 8Ƥ 20/V–20/VI/2001 (2Ƥ NMB: 20668), Pantini P., 2Ƥ 20/VI–31/VII/2001, Pantini P., 133, 8Ƥ 19/IX/2001 – 20/III/2002 Pantini P. (73, 6Ƥ missing number), 2Ƥ 26/IV– 27/VI/2002, Pantini P.; Bobbio, road for Monte Penice, UTMED50 32T 525246 4959349 (lon. 9.3191° lat. 44.7870°), 1400 m, road margin, 1Ƥ 31/VII–19/IX/2001, Pantini P., 13 19/IX/2001 – 20/III/2002; Modena: Guiglia, cave “Buco dell’Albero, ER-Mo 267, 585 m, 1Ƥ 9/X/2000. Toscana: Firenze: Marradi, Badia Valle, 430 m, 1Ƥ 23/ IV/2003, Usvelli A.; Pistoia: Abetone, botanical garden “Le Regine”, 1275 m, 2Ƥ 2–29/VI/2003, Colombetta G. (CG). Marche: Ascoli Piceno: Montemonaco, Isola San Biagio, 990 m, mown meadow, 7Ƥ 23/VI–27/VII/2004, 13, 2Ƥ 1/IX–7/X/2004, Rismondo M., Fabbri R.; Macerata: Fiuminata, road to Passo Cornello, 600 m, 13, 1Ƥ VI– XII/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P. Valle M.; Sarnano, Colle, 550 m, mixed broadleaved wood, 2Ƥ 1/IX–7/X/2004, Rismondo M., Fabbri R.; Pesaro: Piobbico, Monte Nerone, 1300 m, 13 18/IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M. Umbria: Perugia: Nocera Umbra, Colle Aprico, slope of Monte Pennino, 700 m, 63 VI– XII /1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P. Valle M., 1Ƥ I– VI/1992, 13, 1Ƥ VI– IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M., 3Ƥ 14/VI/ 1992, Buttarelli G., Pantini P. Valle M.; San Giustino, Monte Moriccio, 900 m, 53 VI– XII/1991, 1Ƥ I– VI/1992, 23, 2Ƥ VI– IX/1992, 1Ƥ IX/1992 – VI/1993, Pantini P., Valle M.; 2Ƥ San Giustino, Parnacciano, 700 m, 193, 6Ƥ VI– XII/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P. Valle M., 2Ƥ 13/VI/1992, 43, 4Ƥ VI– IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M.; Sigillo, Piani di Monte, 1200 m, 33, 1Ƥ VI– XII/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P. Valle M., 33 I– VI/ 1992, 13 VI–IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M. Lazio: Frosinone: Guancino, Vermicaro, Cave “Gnomo gnomo”, 13, 4/ X/2003, Baroncini G.; Roma: Subiaco, Monti Simbruini, Campo Buffone, 6Ƥ 28/VII/2009, La Casella F. Abruzzo: Pescara: Carpineto della Nora: Gran Sasso, Voltigno, 1550 m, beech wood, 13 12/X/2001, Marotta O., 23 4/X/ 2002, Marotta O., Zuppa A.M.; Teramo: Isola del Gran Sasso d’Italia, Gran Sasso, 900 m, towards Lake of Pagliara, mixed broadleaved wood, 13 3/X/2002, Marotta O., Carissimi D., 13 26/X/2002, Marotta O., Matin K., 13 7/X/2003, Marotta O.; Rocca Santa Maria, Monti della Laga, Ceppo, Pietralta, fir wood, 43, 1Ƥ 28/X/2001, Marotta O.; Rocca Santa Maria, Monti della Laga, Ceppo, road to Acquamorta, 1450 m, fir wood, 53, 3Ƥ 6/X/ 2002, 113, 5Ƥ 4/IX/2003, 83 7/X/2003, Marotta O.; Rocca Santa Maria, Monti della Laga, Ceppo, towards Lago dell’Orso, beech wood 1650 m, 13 13/III/2002, Marotta O., Zuppa A.M., 33 6/X/2002, Marotta O.; Tossicia, Gran Sasso, Tozzanella, on the way to Colle Pelato, 1050 m, fir wood 63 18/XI/2001, Marotta O., Matin K., 1Ƥ 27/VIII/ 2002, Marotta O., Di Marco C., 93 3/X/2002, Marotta O., Carissimi D., 53 26/X/2001, Marotta O., Matin K.; Valle Castellana, Monti della Laga, Ceraso, 655–850 m, mixed wood, 18Ƥ 25/VII/2001, Marotta O., Zuppa A.M., 13 6/X/2001, 33, 2Ƥ 28/X/2001, 1Ƥ 7/VIII/2003 Marotta O. Basilicata: Potenza: San Severino Lucano, Santuario Madonna del Pollino 153, 2Ƥ VI/1989 – V/1990, Valle M., 83, 7Ƥ VI/1990 – VI/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P., Valle M., 13, 1Ƥ 1992, Pantini P., Valle M.; Viggianello, Piani di Ruggio, 1Ƥ VI– VIII/1989, 93, 3Ƥ, IX/1989 – V/1990, Valle M.; Viggianello, Visitone, 23 IX/1989– V/1990, Valle M. Calabria: Cosenza: Fagnano Castello, Lago Trifoglietti, 1050 m, UTMED50 32T 587837 4378173 (lon. 16.0223° lat. 39.5487°), 13 24/VIII/ 2008, Valle M.; Reggio Calabria: Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, 800 m, 13 24/V/1990, Valle M.; Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, Gambarie, 1300 m, 23 VI/1990– VI/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P., Valle M.; Santo Stefano d’Aspromonte, tra Gambarie e Montalto, 1500 m, 3Ƥ IX/1989 – V/1990, Valle M. 1Ƥ VI/1990 – VI/1991, Buttarelli G., Ghilardi E., Pantini P. Valle M. REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO: Castello di Chiesanuova: Fosso di Canepa, 250 m, 2Ƥ 12/VII–11/VIII/2010, Fabbri R.; Mulini, Fosso di Canepa, 300 m, wood 5Ƥ 28/IV–25/V/2010, 7Ƥ 13/VII–25/VIII/2010, Fabbri R.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males (Figures 1–2, 13–14) can be separated by the absence of a patellar apophysis (present in torpida group, except H. vignai Brignoli 1980), the plate-like and distally bifid elongated radix (absent in myops - and strinatii group) and the distally broadly rounded conductor. Females (Figures 21–22, 27) can be separated from other Histopona species by the glossy median indented posterior epigynal sclerite (much longer and with anterior margin only moderately indented in torpida group) with parallel margin, the unpaired “bursa copulatrix” (completely paired copulatory ducts in myops - and strinatii group) with anterior margin straight or convex and the broad lateral lobes of the copulatory ducts. See also Table 1.</p><p>Description. Measurements of male (n=1, paratype from Apecchio): carapace 2.95 long, 2.21 wide. Head region 1.06 wide; PER 0.64 wide. Chelicerae 1.24 long, 0.54 wide. Labium as long as wide or moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.56. Sternum 1.55 long, 1.30 wide. Opisthosoma 2.28 long, 1.93 wide. Ratio bulb length (laterally from cymbium base to conductor tip) to cymbium length: 0.801. Leg measurements are reported in Table 2.</p><p>Measurements of female (n=1, paratype from Apecchio): carapace 2.95 long, 2.01 wide. Head region 1.10 wide; PER 0.66 wide. Chelicerae 1.25 long, 0.54 wide. Labium as long as wide or moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.536. Sternum 1.52 long. 1.30 wide. Opisthosoma 3.33 long. 2.20 wide. Epigynal plate 1.01 long. 1.08 wide; atrium 0.23 long. 0.84 wide. Leg measurements are given in Table 2.</p><p>Eyes: in dorsal view both eye rows straight or slightly recurved; in frontal view AER and PER procurved, AER may be almost straight. Diameters: PME: 0.137–0.145; PLE: 0.143–0.145; AME: 0.084–0.086; ALE: 0.148–0.154. Distances: PME–PME about half diameter of PME or less; PME–AME less than diameter of PME; PME–PLE about half diameter of PME or slightly less; PME–ALE less than diameter of PME; AME–AME about half diameter of AME or slightly less; AME–ALE less than half diameter of AME. Clypeus height (measured under AME) less than or equal to 3 diameter of AME; clypeus height (measured under ALE) less than or equal to 1.5 diameter of ALE.</p><p>Coloration: carapace with broad, continuous dark margin; two longitudinal symmetrical darkened bands present on carapace; head region median with narrow dark band. Sternum without coloration pattern. Opisthosoma dark grey green; cardiac mark moderately pronounced; posteriorly with indistinct pattern of chevrons. Legs without coloration pattern.</p><p>Additional somatic characters: distal margin of labium straight or moderately concave. Plumose hairs present on carapace, legs and opisthosoma. Three promarginal teeth, the most proximal smallest; 5–6 retromarginal teeth, decreasing in size proximally. All trochanters notched. Tarsi I and IV with 7–8, tarsi II and III with 6–7 dorsal trichobothria. No trichobothria on palp tarsi or cymbium. Pale colulus divided into two separated plates, sometimes only recognizable as two hairy regions. PLS longer than all others with distal segment as long as basal segment; both darkened. PMS as long as ALS. ALS moderately darkened. The formulae of leg spination are listed in Table 3.</p><p>Male palp (Figures 1–2, 13–14): RTA with a large dorsal branch, distally pointed, strongly sclerotized and moderately stepped; lateral branch forming moderately sclerotized finger-shaped appendix; ventral branch forming rounded bulge-like appendix, protruding ventrodistally. Tegulum broad ring-shaped, distally dividing into a filiform embolus and a plate-like apophysis (radix) distally divided into a pointed and a more rounded projection. Embolus originating (free apex) at 11 o'clock position, distal tip between 2 and 3 o’clock position. Conductor lamella-like, distally broadly rounded and moderately elongated, laterally folded along the whole length; shorter than alveolus, distally reaching at least to alveolus margin; terminal end forming moderately sclerotized peak. Connection of conductor and tegulum membranous, band-like. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis absent.</p><p>Epigynum and vulva (Figures 21–22, 27): epigynal plate sclerotized, rectangular, posterior with distinct atrium; atrium anteriorly limited by strongly sclerotized, m-shaped margin of the epigynal plate with a posteriorly tapered median region; atrium posteriorly limited by a glossy sclerite (“epigynal valve”), median deeply indented with almost parallel margins; between anterior margin and posterior sclerite atrium covered by membranous white cuticula. Copulatory openings located at anteriolateral border of atrium. Copulatory duct first unpaired (“bursa copulatrix”), anteriorly straight or convex, then dividing into broad paired lateral lobes directing into strongly sclerotized convoluted receptacula; fertilization ducts very short.</p><p>Distribution. Italy, from Maritime Alps to Aspromonte along the Apenninic chain.</p><p>Ecology. Records of H. italica mostly refer to forest habitat (beech, mixed broadleaved and fir woods). The species occurs more rarely in mown meadows and caves. Elevation ranges from 250 (San Marino) to 1600 m (Abruzzo). Adults occur all over the year.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17887E2FFDAFFA2E9C4F051815BFB21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bolzern, Angelo;Pantini, Paolo;Isaia, Marco	Bolzern, Angelo, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco (2013): Revision of the Histopona italica group (Araneae: Agelenidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3640 (1): 23-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.2
D17887E2FFDEFFADE9C4F04E804EFF3B.text	D17887E2FFDEFFADE9C4F04E804EFF3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Histopona fioni	<div><p>Histopona fioni sp. n.</p><p>Figures 3–6, 9–11, 15–16, 23–24, 28.</p><p>H. italica Hänggi 1990: 163, f. 21a (m misidentified). H. italica Trotta 2005: 160, f. 193 (m misidentified).</p><p>Type material. Holotype male: SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED50 32T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530° lat. 45.9077°), 3, 18/IX–3/X/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 a; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica).</p><p>Paratypes: SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED50 32T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530° lat. 45.9077°), 33, 18/IX–3/X/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20673; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Paruscera, Mte. S. Giorgio, 1025 m, UTMED50 32T 496391 5083968 (lon. 8.9534° lat. 45.9092°), 13, 28/IX/ 1988, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 c; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Mte. Generoso, Pree, 1030 m, UTMED50 32T 500869 5082904 (lon. 9.0112° lat. 45.8997°), 23, 5/IX/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 b; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); V. di Scareglia, 13, 12/X/2005, Vicentini (NMB: 0 2488 e). ITALY: Trentino-Alto Adige: Trento: Arco, Monte Biaina, Western slope, locality Gorghi, 1200 m, 2Ƥ 13/VII/1998, Vailati D.; Concei, Val Concei, Gaverdina, 1500 m, 13 4/X/1986, Vailati D.; Condino, Monte Stigolo, 1550 m, 2Ƥ 12/XI/1997, Vailati D.; Rovereto, Cengio Rosso, 450 m, 1Ƥ 21/XI/1992, Vailati D.; Storo, Val d’Ampola, 650 m, 1Ƥ 5/V/1993, Vailati D. Lombardia: Bergamo: Ardesio, Valcanale, locality Braghina, 830 m, 1Ƥ 14/IV–18/V/2010, Zucchelli W.; Averara, Alpe Cul, UTMED50 32T 548073 5099121 (lon. 9.6213° lat. 46.0439°), 1990 m, alpine pasture, 23 13/VIII–26/IX/2002, 1Ƥ 23/V–20/VII/2003, 1Ƥ 20/VII–23/VIII/2003, 1Ƥ 19/X/2003 – 5/VI/2004, Lodovici O., Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Camerata Cornello, Monte Cancervo, 1800 m, UTMED50 32T 547801 5084927 (lon. 9.6163° lat. 45.9162°), rocky area, 13 23/VII–27/VIII/2010, 13 27/VIII–7/X/2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Monte Venturosa, 1850 m, UTMED50 32T 547816 5085990 (lon. 9.6166° lat. 45.9258°), rocky area, 23 10/VIII–9/IX/2009, 13 23/VII–27/VIII/2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Monte Venturosa, 1950 m, UTMED50 32T 547727 5086239 (lon. 9.6155° lat. 45.9280°), pasture, 33 23/VII–27/VIII/2010, 13 27/ VIII–27/X/2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Buffalora, 1100 m, UTMED50 32T 549373 5084292 (lon. 9.6366° lat. 45.9104°), beech wood 1Ƥ 15/VII–10/VIII/2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Buffalora, UTMED50 32T 549133 5084660 (lon. 9.6335° lat. 45.9137°), 1150 m, bushy area in beech wood, 33 4/VI–14/VII/2009, 13 10/VIII–9/IX/2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Colzate, Baite Sedernello, 1200 m, 1Ƥ 17/VII/1988, Ravazzi C., Valle M. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica), 13 2/VIII/2001, Ferrario E., Pantini P., Pellizzoli E., Valle M.; Monasterolo del Castello, Val Torrezzo, 600 m, UTMED50 32T 573220 5067560 (lon. 9.9415° lat. 45.7577°), wood, 1Ƥ 6/VII–3/VIII/1995, 13 19/IX–26/X/1995, 1Ƥ 9/V–19/VI/1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Oneta, slopes of Monte Alben, 2Ƥ 13/VI/1990 Valle M. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Parzanica, Valle dei Foppi, wood, 550 m, UTMED50 32T 580465 5064643 (lon. 10.0341° lat. 45.7306°), 23 10/VIII–19/IX/1995, 2 Ƥ 9/ 5–19/VI/1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Premolo, in doline, South of B. ta Camplano, 1850 m, UTMED50 32T 563994 5085216 (lon. 9.8252° lat. 45.9175°), 13 22/ VII–1/X/2003 (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Premolo, 1850 m, UTMED50 32T 563999 5083688 (lon. 9.8250° lat. 45.9037°), rocky area, 13 19/VI–22/VII/2003, 1Ƥ 1/X/2003 – 7/VII/2004, 13 4/VIII–29/IX/2004, 1Ƥ 21/VI–21/ VII/2005 (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Schilpario, road to Passo Campelli, 1750 m, UTMED50 32T 596371 5097461 (lon. 10.2451° lat. 46.0239°), moraine 1Ƥ 6/VI–26/VI/2007; Serina, Valpiana, 13 IV–V/1988, 13 1988, Becci B., Pisoni R. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Valgoglio, Val Sanguigno, 1000 m, UTMED50 32T 569394 5091553 (lon. 9.8957° lat. 45.9740°), beech and fir mixed wood 13, 2Ƥ 11/VI–15/VII/2009 (MSNVR), 43 15/ VII–11/VIII/2009, 43 11/VIII–15/IX/2009, 23 6/VII–7/VIII/2010, 43 7/VIII–15/IX/2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Vigolo, Ronchi della Bratta, 850 m, UTMED50 32T 577754 5065587 (lon. 9.9994° lat. 45.7394°), spruce wood, 1Ƥ 18/VII–10/VIII/1995, 83 10/VIII–19/IX/1995, 33, 1Ƥ 19/IX–26/X/1995, 3Ƥ 26/X/1995 – 20/II/1996, 23, 7Ƥ 20/II–2/IV/1996, 73, 3Ƥ 9/V–19/VI/1996, 2Ƥ 19/VI–8/VIII/1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Lecco: Casargo, Val Marcia, 1000 m, UTMED50 32T 532680 5098368 (lon. 9.4223° lat. 46.0381°), wood, 83 25/VI–11/IX/2008 Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Casargo, Val Foppone, 1600–1750 m, UTMED50 32T 534471 5097454 (lon. 9.4454° lat. 46.0297°), alpine pasture, 13, 1Ƥ 25/VI–11/IX/2008, 13 13/VIII–14/IX/2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Pagnona, road to Alpe Vesina, 1400–1430 m, UTMED50 32T 530507 5102093 (lon. 9.3944° lat. 46.0717°), beech wood, 1Ƥ 26/III–1/V/1999, 23, 1Ƥ 1/V–9/VI/1999, 3Ƥ 9/VI–6/VII/1999, 13, 2Ƥ 6/ VII–11/VIII/1999, 13 11/VIII–8/IX/1999, Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Vendrogno, Mornico, 970 m, UTMED50 32T 526902 5098292 (lon. 9.3476° lat. 46.0376°), chestnut wood, 2Ƥ 14/IV–13/V/1999, 13 13/V–9/ VI/1999, 1Ƥ 9/VI–6/VII/1999, 13, 2Ƥ 6/VII–11/VIII/1999, Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica).</p><p>Other material examined. SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED50 32T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530° lat. 45.9077°), 33, 5–18/IX/1989, 3–30/X/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20674-20675; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Forello, Mte. S. Giorgio, 1095 m, UTMED50 32T 495925 5084377 (lon. 8.9474° lat. 45.9129°), 13, 05–18/IX/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20679; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Mte. Generoso, Pree, 1030 m, UTMED50 32T 500869 5082904 (lon. 9.0112° lat. 45.8997°), 33, 30/VII–12/VIII/1988, 25/VIII–5/IX / 1989,18/IX– 7/X/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20676-20678; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica), ITALY: Lombardia: Bergamo: Entratico, I Moi, 13 (paratype of Histopona italica, misidentification), 5/IV/1957, Bonino.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Fion Bolzern, firstborn of AB. The species epithet is a name in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males (Figures 3–6, 15) can be separated by the absence of a patellar apophysis (present in torpida - group, except H. vignai Brignoli 1980), the distally tube-like elongated radix (absent in myops - and strinatii -group, plate-like and distally bifid in H. italica) and the distally strongly elongated conductor (broadly rounded in H. italica). Females (Figures 23–24, 28) can be separated from other Histopona species by the glossy median indented posterior epigynal sclerite (much longer and with anterior margin only moderately indented in torpida -group) with strongly diverging margin (parallel in H. italica), the unpaired “bursa copulatrix” (completely paired copulatory ducts in myops - and strinatii -group) with anterior margin v-shaped (straight or convex in H. italica) and the narrow lateral lobes of the copulatory ducts (broad in H. italica). See also Table 1.</p><p>Description. Measurements and ratios of male (n=2, holotype male and paratype male from Pagnona): carapace 2.93–3.27 long, 2.20–2.42 wide. Head region 1.17–1.29 wide; PER 0.61–0.78 wide. Chelicerae 1.35–1.44 long, 0.54–0.58 wide. Labium as long as wide or moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.510–0.571. Sternum 1.54–1.73 long, 1.27–1.46 wide. Opisthosoma 2.96–3.75 long, 1.85–2.15 wide. Ratio bulb length (laterally from cymbium base to conductor tip) to cymbium length: 0.79–0.80. Leg measurements are given in Table 2.</p><p>Measurements of females (n=2, paratypes from Pagnona and Rovereto): carapace 3.03–3.33 long, 1.95–2.24 wide. Head region 1.22–1.33 wide; PER 0.59–0.75 wide. Chelicerae 1.54 long, 0.68–0.69 wide. Labium moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.62–0.64. Sternum 1.57–1.69 long, 1.25–1.40 wide. Opisthosoma 3.50–3.73 long, 2.27–2.42 wide. Epigynal plate 0.98–1.04 long, 1.04–1.10 wide; atrium 0.24– 0.26 long, 0.89–0.98 wide. Receptaculum 0.19 wide. Leg measurements are given in Table 2.</p><p>Eyes: in dorsal view both eye rows straight or slightly recurved; in frontal view AER straight and PER procurved (Figures 9–10). Diameters: PME: 0.105–0.124; PLE: 0.105–0.143; AME: 0.060–0.086; ALE: 0.110– 0.124. Distances: PME–PME equal diameter of PME; PME–AME less than diameter of PME; PME–PLE less than diameter of PME; PME–ALE equal diameter of PME or slightly less; AME–AME 0.5–1.0 times diameter of AME; AME–ALE about half diameter of AME. Clypeus height (measured under AME) about 2.5–3.5 times diameters of AME; clypeus height (measured under ALE) about 1.5–2 times diameters of ALE.</p><p>Coloration: carapace with indistinct pattern only or not darkened. Sternum without coloration pattern. Opisthosoma dark grey green; cardiac mark moderately pronounced; posteriorly without pattern. Legs without colour pattern.</p><p>Additional somatic characters: distal margin of labium concave. Plumose hairs present on carapace, legs and opisthosoma. Three promarginal teeth, the second one from proximal biggest; 5–6 retromarginal teeth, all equal in size (Figure 11). All trochanters notched. Tarsi I, II and IV with 7–8 dorsal trichobothria and 6–7 on tarsus III. No trichobothria on palp tarsi or cymbium. Colulus moderately divided into two separated plates, sometimes only recognizable as two hairy regions. PLS longer than all others with distal segment as long as or slightly longer than basal segment, both pale. PMS as long as ALS. ALS pale. The formulae of leg spination are listed in Table 3.</p><p>Male palp (Figures 3–6, 15–16): RTA with a large dorsal branch, distally pointed, strongly sclerotized and moderately stepped; lateral branch forming moderately sclerotized finger-shaped appendix; ventral branch forming bulge-like moderately ventrodistally protruding stepped appendix. Tegulum broad ring-shaped, distally dividing into a filiform embolus and a tube-like apophysis (radix), proximal with a moderately serrated margin. Embolus originating (free apex) between 10 and 12 o'clock position; distal tip between 3 and 4 o’clock position. Conductor lamella-like, distally strongly elongated, laterally folded along the whole length; longer than alveolus, distally reaching over alveolus margin; terminal end forming moderately sclerotized peak. Connection of conductor and tegulum membranous, band-like. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis absent.</p><p>Epigynum and vulva (Figures 23–24, 28): rectangular epigynal plate sclerotized, often with a distinct v-shaped pattern of paler cuticula, posterior with distinct atrium region; atrium anteriorly limited by weakly sclerotized, almost straight margin of the epigynal plate; atrium posteriorly limited by a glossy sclerite (“epigynal valve”), median deeply indented with strongly diverging margins; between anterior margin and posterior sclerite atrium covered by membranous white cuticula. Copulatory openings located at anteriolateral border of atrium. Copulatory duct first unpaired (“bursa copulatrix”), anteriorly v-shaped, then dividing into paired narrow lateral lobes directing into strongly sclerotized convoluted receptacula; fertilization ducts very short.</p><p>Distribution. Italy and Switzerland. Lombardian Prealps, from Lago Maggiore to Lago di Garda.</p><p>Ecology. Records of H. fioni sp. n. refer to forest and open habitats such as beech or fir woods and alpine pastures at moderately high elevation, from 800 to 1600 m. The species also occur in rocky areas at an elevation of 1800–2000 m. Adults are found preferably from spring to autumn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17887E2FFDEFFADE9C4F04E804EFF3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bolzern, Angelo;Pantini, Paolo;Isaia, Marco	Bolzern, Angelo, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco (2013): Revision of the Histopona italica group (Araneae: Agelenidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3640 (1): 23-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.2
D17887E2FFD1FFA8E9C4F43782A9FD6B.text	D17887E2FFD1FFA8E9C4F43782A9FD6B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Histopona leonardoi	<div><p>Histopona leonardoi sp. n.</p><p>Figures 7–8, 12, 17–20, 25–26, 29</p><p>H. italica Brignoli, 1977: 35, f. 14–15, (m misidentified).</p><p>Type material. Holotype male: ITALY: Piemonte, Cuneo: Acceglio, springs of Maira River, 1680 m, UTMED50 32T 335892 4926442 (lon. 6.9366° lat. 44.4726°), sparse larch wood, 3 4/VI/2009, Rosso M.</p><p>Paratypes: ITALY: Val d'Aosta: Aosta: Ayas, Champoluc, 1700 m, UTMED50 32T 401771 5076342 (lon. 7.7352° lat. 45.8336°), sparse larch wood, 13 31/VIII/2007, 13 15/VII/2009, Franco I. (CI); Gressoney-St. Jean, 2100 m, UTMED50 32T 409050 5067251 (lon. 7.8306° lat. 45.7528°), alpine praires 13 7/IX/2007, Negro M. (CI, Negro et al. 2009 sub H. italica); Gressoney-La-Trinité, 1700 m, UTMED50 32T 407631 5079494 (lon. 7.8100° lat. 45.8628°), sparse larch wood, 13, 4Ƥ 30/VI/2006, Negro M. (NMB: 20853, Negro et al. 2009 sub H. italica); Gressoney-La-Trinité, Gabiet, 2458 m, UTMED50 32T 410779 5079371 (lon. 7.8506° lat. 45.8621°), alpine praires, 2Ƥ 20/VIII/2008, Negro M. (CI, Negro et al. 2010 sub H. italica). Piemonte: Moncerchio di Vallanzengo, Val Sessera, UTMED50 32T 428560 5058143 (lon. 8.0827° lat. 45.6731°), beech wood, 3 m, 2Ƥ 2/V/2009, 63 5/ IX/2009, 583, 1Ƥ 2/IX/2009 Franco I., Negro M.; 2Ƥ 2/V/2009, Franco I.; Cuneo: Acceglio, springs of Maira River, 1680 m, UTMED50 32T 335892 4926442 (lon. 6.9366° lat. 44.4726°), sparse larch wood, 1Ƥ 4/VI/2009, Rosso M. (CI); Entracque, Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, 1100m, UTMED50 32T 376018 4893859 (lon. 7.4487° lat. 44.1874°), beech wood close to Busset stream, 83, 5 Ƥ 29/VI–9/VIII/2007, Wolf-Schwenninger, 2Ƥ 21/IX/ 2008, Isaia M., Paschetta M. (CI); Terme di Valdieri, Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, Vallone del Valasco, UTMED50 32T 358295 4895033 (lon. 7.2267° lat. 44.1947°), alpine pasture with sparse larch wood, 73, 1Ƥ 11/ VII–27/VIII/2009, Isaia M., Paschetta M.; Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, Pian della Casa, 1473 m, UTMED50 32T 361775 4896277 (lon. 7.2699° lat. 44.2066°), alpine pasture, 13 11/VII/2008, Isaia M., Paschetta M. (CI, Paschetta et al., 2012 sub H. italica); Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, Piano del Valasco, UTMED50 32T 358300 4895039 (lon. 7.2267° lat. 44.1948°), alpine pasture with sparse larch wood, 83, 2Ƥ 27/VIII–23/IX/2009, Isaia M., Paschetta M. (MSNVR); Terme di Valdieri, Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, 1368 m, UTMED50 32T 362064 4896332 (lon. 7.2735° lat. 44.2071°), beech wood, 1Ƥ 29/VI/ 2009, Isaia M., Paschetta M. (CI); Vernante, Natural Park of Alpi Marittime, Palanfrè, 1370 m, UTMED50 32T 379547 4894524 (lon. 7.4926° lat. 44.1939°), beech wood, 1Ƥ 10/IX/2008, 2Ƥ 22/VI/2009, Isaia M., Paschetta M., 2Ƥ 2/VII/2010, Isaia M. (CI); Torino: Ribordone, Santuario Prascundù, 1400 m, 1Ƥ 28/IX/2004, Giachino P.M.; cave “Tuna del Diau, 1621 Pi/TO”, 1080 m, UTMED50 32T 350672 4979013 (lon. 7.1070° lat. 44.9488°), 13 5/X/2002, Lana E. (CI, Isaia et al., 2011 sub H. italica); Vistrorio, 1Ƥ V– VIII/1993, Giachino P.M.; Verbania-Cusio-Ossola: Varzo, cave “Grotta di San Carlo”, 1Ƥ 4/VI/1978, Casale A. (MSNVR, Brignoli, 1979 sub H. italica). Liguria: Genova: Mezzanego, Ghiaiette, UTMED50 32T 537328 4918352 (lon. 9.4688° lat. 44.4174°), beech wood 850 m, 2Ƥ 31/X/2009 – 25/V/2010, 13 25/V–18/VIII/2010 Lodovici O., Pantini P., Valle M.; Mezzanego, Forest of Monte Zatta c/o ex Colonia Devoto, 1050 m, UTMED50 32T 535942 4917017 (lon. 9.4513° lat. 44.4055°), beech wood, 2Ƥ 31/X/2009 – 25/V/2010, Lodovici O., Pantini P., Valle M., 1Ƥ 25/V/2010, 53, 7Ƥ 25/V–18/VIII/2010 Lodovici O., Pantini P.; Propata, north slope of Monte Cremado, 1640 m, 1Ƥ 5/VI–12/VII/1988, Cartasegna F., Pesce D. (CG); Torriglia, Passo del Colletto, 1280 m, 1Ƥ 21/V–1/VII/1999, Pesce D. (CG); Torriglia, SE slope of Monte Duso, 1380 m, 1Ƥ 21/V–1/ VII/1999, Cartasegna F. (CG); La Spezia: Varese Ligure, Passo Cento Croci, UTMED50 32T 549768 4918763 (lon. 9.6251° lat. 44.4204°), 1000 m, 43, 1Ƥ IV– VIII/1991, Cerbino R., Valle M., 23 VI–IX/1992, Pantini P., Valle M.; Savona: Sassello, Rio del Nido, 1000 m, beech wood, 43, 18/VII–10/X/2001; Sassello, Monte Beigua, 1000 m, 1Ƥ 17/VII/2001. Lombardia: Pavia: Santa Margherita di Staffora, Hotel Colletta, 1380 m, beech wood, 113 31/VII–19/IX/2001, 43, 7Ƥ 19/IX/2001 – 20/III/2002, 1Ƥ 26/IV–27/VI/2002, Pantini P. Emilia Romagna: Parma: Bedonia, Passo di Montevacà, 800 m, UTMED50 32T 548856 4931317 (lon. 9.6149° lat. 44.5335°), 13 IX/1991 – V/1992, Buttarelli G., Cerbino R., Pantini P., Valle M.; Piacenza: Bobbio, Passo Penice, 1100 m, UTMED50 32T 525987 4960430 (lon. 9.3285° lat. 44.7967°), wood, 6Ƥ 20/V–20/VI/2001 (3Ƥ NMB: 20536), 1Ƥ 20/VI–31/VII/2001, 13 31/VII–19/IX/2001, 23, 4Ƥ 19/IX/2001 – 20/III/2002, 1Ƥ 20/III–26/IV/2002 Pantini P.; Bobbio, road to Monte Penice, 1400 m, UTMED50 32T 525246 4959349 (lon. 9.3191° lat. 44.7870°), wood, 133, 1Ƥ 31/VII–19/IX/2001, road margin 1400 m, 53, 1Ƥ 19/IX/2001 – 20/III/2002, 1Ƥ 26/IV–27/VI/2002 Pantini P.</p><p>Other material examined. SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Centovalli, Lionza, 930 m, UTMED50 32T 470518 5112649 (lon. 8.6181° lat. 46.1667°), 13, 2Ƥ, 6/VI/1989, 5/VII/1989, 11–25/VIII/1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 d, 20671-20672; Hänggi 1992, sub H. italica); Val Careccio, 23, 1Ƥ, 29/IV–19/IX/1988, Pronini, P. (NMB: 20669- 20670; Pronini 1989 sub H. italica). ITALY: Piemonte: Biella: Oropa, 13 24/VIII/ 1972, Vigna Taglianti A. (MSNVR, paratype of H. italica, misidentification); Crissolo, Monviso, 1300 m, 1Ƥ VII/1967, Osella G. (MSNVR, paratype of H. italica, misidentification).</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Leonardo Pantini, firstborn of PP. The species epithet is a name in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males (Figures 7–8, 17–20) can be separated by the absence of a patellar apophysis (present in torpida group, except H. vignai Brignoli 1980), the distally spoon-like elongated radix (absent in myops - and strinatii group, plate-like and distally bifid in H. italica, tube-like in H. fioni sp. n.) and the distally broadly rounded conductor (strongly elongated in H. fioni sp. n.). Females (Figures 25–26, 29) can be separated from other Histopona species by the glossy median indented posterior epigynal sclerite (much longer and with anterior margin only moderately indented in torpida group) with moderately diverging margin (parallel in H. italica, strongly diverging in H. fioni sp. n.), the unpaired “bursa copulatrix” (completely paired copulatory ducts in myops - and strinatii group) with anterior margin concave (straight or convex in H. italica, v-shaped in H. fioni sp. n.) and the narrow lateral lobes of the copulatory ducts (broad in H. italica). See also Table 1.</p><p>Description. Measurements and ratios of male (n=2, holotype and paratype from Entracque): carapace 2.25– 2.86 long, 1.54–2.05 wide. Head region 0.80–1.10 wide; PER 0.45–0.62 wide. Chelicerae 1.02–1.34 long, 0.46– 0.56 wide. Labium as long as wide. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.508–0.543. Sternum 1.23–1.51 long, 1.05– 1.25 wide. Opisthosoma 1.98–2.46 long, 1.00–1.35 wide. Ratio bulb length (laterally from cymbium base to conductor tip) to cymbium length: 0.670–0.749. Leg measurements are given in Table 2.</p><p>Measurements of females (n=2, Paratype females from Acceglio and Entracque): carapace 2.04–2.28 long, 1.38–1.63 wide. Head region 0.81–1.01 wide; PER 0.48–0.54 wide. Chelicerae 0.87–1.04 long, 0.45–0.49 wide. Labium as long as wide. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.56. Sternum 1.20–1.25 long, 1.00–1.08 wide. Opisthosoma 2.01–2.69 long, 1.35–1.81 wide. Epigynal plate 0.70–0.72 long, 0.76–0.78 wide; atrium 0.16–0.18 long, 0.67–0.70 wide. Leg measurements are given in Table 2.</p><p>Eyes: in dorsal view both eye rows straight or slightly recurved; in frontal view AER straight or slightly procurved, PER procurved. Diameters: PME: 0.103–0.128; PLE: 0.096–0.129; AME: 0.059–0.082; ALE; 0.109– 0.130. Distances: PME–PME about half diameter of PME or slightly less; PME–AME about half diameter of PME or slightly less; PME–PLE about half diameter of PME; PME–ALE about half diameter of PME or slightly less; AME–AME about half diameter of AME or slightly less; AME–ALE less than half diameter of AME. Clypeus height (measured under AME) about 3 diameters of AME or slightly more; clypeus height (measured under ALE) about twice diameter of ALE or slightly less.</p><p>Coloration: Carapace with narrow, continuous dark margin; two longitudinal symmetric darkened rows of triangular dots present on carapace; narrow darkened band median at head region present. Sternum without pattern. Opisthosoma dark grey green; cardiac mark moderately pronounced; posteriorly with indistinct pattern of chevrons. Legs without color pattern.</p><p>Additional somatic characters: distal margin of labium weakly concave. Plumose hairs present on carapace, legs and opisthosoma. Three promarginal teeth, the second one from proximal biggest; 5–7 retromarginal teeth, all equal in size. All trochanters notched. All tarsi with 6–7 dorsal trichobothria. No trichobothria on palp tarsi or cymbium. Pale colulus, sometimes moderately darkened, divided into two plates. PLS longer than all others with distal segment as long as basal segment, both moderately darkened. PMS as long as ALS. ALS moderately darkened. The formulae of leg spination are listed in Table 3.</p><p>Male palp (Figures 7–8, 12, 17–20): RTA with a big dorsal branch, distally pointed, strongly sclerotized and moderately stepped; lateral branch forming moderately sclerotized finger-shaped appendix; ventral branch forming bulge-like moderately ventrodistally protruding stepped appendix, lateral with 2–3 small stepped bands. Tegulum broadly ring-shaped, distally dividing into a filiform embolus and an elongated, distally spoon-like apophysis (radix), terminally often with a transparent portion. Embolus originating (free apex) at 11 o'clock position; distal tip between 3 and 4 o’clock position. Conductor lamella-like, distally broadly rounded and moderately elongated, laterally folded along the whole length; shorter than alveolus, distally not reaching over alveolus margin; terminal end forming moderately sclerotized peak. Connection of conductor and tegulum membranous, band-like. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis absent.</p><p>Epigynum and vulva (Figures 25–26, 29): rectangular epigynal plate sclerotized, posterior with distinct atrium; atrium anteriorly limited by strongly sclerotized, m-shaped margin of the epigynal plate with a posteriorly tapered median region; atrium posteriorly limited by a glossy sclerite (“epigynal valve”), median deeply indented with diverging margins; between anterior margin and posterior sclerite atrium covered by membranous white cuticula. Copulatory openings located at anteriolateral border of atrium. Copulatory duct first unpaired (“bursa copulatrix”), then dividing into narrow paired lateral lobes directing into strongly sclerotized convoluted receptacula; fertilization ducts very short.</p><p>Distribution. Italy and Switzerland (Tessin). All along the Western Alps and the Northern Apennine.</p><p>Ecology. Records of H. leonardoi sp. n. mostly refer to forest habitats (beech woods at an elevation of 1000– 1500 m). The species also occurs at higher elevation in alpine pastures (maximum elevation reached at 2458 m Gabiet, Aosta Valley). In a few cases H. leonardoi sp. n. occurred in caves. Adults are preferably found from spring to autumn.</p><p>Anterior limitation of atrium M-shaped margin of the Almost straight margin M-shaped margin of the</p><p>epigynal plate with a posteriad of the epigynal plate epigynal plate with a</p><p>tapered median region posteriad tapered median</p><p>vulva region and Median posterior margins sclerite of glossy Almost parallel Strongly divergent Divergent Epigynum Shape Figures copulatory of 27 anterior – duct 29) (arrows part of in Straight or moderately convex Concave, v-shaped Concave</p><p>Lateral lobes of copulatory Very broad, distinct Narrow, band-like Narrow, band-like ducts</p><p>Histopona . italica Brignoli 1977</p><p>Paratype male from Apecchio</p><p>fe pa ti mt ta total Palp 1.15 0.49 0.40 - 1.50 3.54 I 2.28 0.93 2.01 2.14 1.61 8.97 II 2.06 0.89 1.55 1.83 1.27 7.60 III 2.04 0.84 1.58 2.04 1.14 7.64 IV 2.68 1.01 2.26 2.94 1.43 10.32 Paratype female from Apecchio</p><p>Palp 0.95 0.46 0.65 - 1.11 3.17 I 2.03 0.88 1.66 1.72 1.41 7.70 II 1.86 0.85 1.36 1.51 1.08 6.66 III 1.85 0.75 1.34 1.81 1.08 6.83 IV 2.30 0.88 2.01 2.60 1.40 9.19 H. fioni sp. n.</p><p>Holotype male and paratype male from Pagnona (n=2)</p><p>Palp 1.23–1.40 0.49–0.58 0.43–0.48 - 1.54–1.79 3.69–4.25 I 2.61–2.79 1.00–1.03 2.36–2.52 2.42–2.61 1.82–1.97 10.21–10.92 II 2.45–2.72 0.97–1.06 1.97–2.12 2.27–2.42 1.64–1.82 9.3–10.14 III 2.42 0.94 1.85 2.45 1.52 9.18 IV 3.06–3.33 0.97–1.00 2.67–2.85 3.42–3.64 1.85–1.97 11.97–12.79 Paratype females from Pagnona and Rovereto (n=2)</p><p>Palp 1.18–1.23 0.49–0.60 0.51–0.85 - 1.05–1.26 3.23–3.94 I 2.64–2.75 1.09–1.15 2.30–2.50 2.24–2.50 1.67–1.85 9.94–10.75 II 2.45–2.60 1.00–1.06 1.94–2.10 2.15–2.25 1.58–1.60 9.12–9.61 III 2.36–2.42 0.94–0.96 1.82–1.96 2.31–2.36 1.30–1.31 8.73–9.01 IV 2.97–3.08 1.04–1.06 2.64–2.77 3.21–3.35 1.67–1.73 11.53–11.99 H. leonardoi sp. n.</p><p>Holotype male and paratype male from Entracque (n=2)</p><p>Palp 0.89–1.19 0.38–0.47 0.33–0.38 - 1.01–1.63 2.61–3.67 I 2.07–2.33 0.76–0.91 1.81–2.12 1.92–2.15 1.34–1.63 7.90–9.14 II 1.95–2.25 0.78–0.86 1.51–1.77 1.78–1.99 1.26–1.52 7.28–8.39 III 1.86–2.06 0.69–0.93 1.40–1.69 1.91–2.25 1.11–1.24 6.97–8.17 IV 2.42–2.73 0.78–0.92 2.09–2.42 2.71–3.15 1.44–1.58 9.44–10.8 Paratype females from Acceglio and Entracque (n=2)</p><p>Palp 0.78–0.84 0.32–0.37 0.50–0.52 - 0.88–0.91 2.48–2.64 I 1.70–1.88 0.70–0.83 1.38–1.61 1.40–1.64 0.92–1.28 6.10–7.24 II 1.52–1.78 0.68–0.73 1.10–1.23 1.32–1.48 0.94–1.06 5.56–6.28 III 1.50–1.72 0.66–0.73 1.08–1.29 1.38–1.68 0.76–0.90 5.38–6.32 IV 1.94–2.25 0.74–0.79 1.62–1.92 2.04–2.45 1.02–1.19 7.36–8.60 According to the identification key provided by Deeleman-Reinhold (1983), Histopona italica forms a singlespecies group within the genus. The two new species described in this work increase the membership of the italica group, which is defined for females by the presence of a glossy, median deeply indented posterior epigynal sclerite and by the unpaired copulatory ducts, and for males by the absence of a patellar apophysis and by the shape of the embolus, originating basal to the protruding radix.</p><p>During the examination of the material presented here, large differences in the size of the male palp could be observed, even between specimens from the same locality (e.g. 23 from Liguria, La Spezia: Varese Ligure, Passo Cento Croci). Within the examined specimens of H. leonardoi sp. n., two males appeared to be distinctly larger, the palps showing minor morphological differences (Figures 17–18). Likewise, Bolzern et al. (accepted) and Kraus (1955) observed high intraspecific variation in different species of agelenids, like Malthonica picta (Simon 1870) and Tegenaria femoralis Simon 1873 . The absence of valid morphological characters (the only significant difference being the size) and the lack of concrete evidence (no different female forms found and syntopy of both male forms - same locality and same time of the year) provide convincing support to consider the larger males as larger forms of the same species.</p><p>Records of species belonging to the Histopona italica group are known from large parts of Italy (from Calabria to Trentino, along the entire Appenine range, through the Western Alps up to the Lombardian Prealps) (Figure 30). In some cases, specimens of H. italica and H. leonardoi sp. n. were collected at the same locality. Accordingly, the known distribution of H. italica overlaps that of H. leonardoi sp. n. in the district of Maritime Alps and Northern Apennines, the first extending southwards along the Apennines and the latter northwards, along the Alps. It is likely that H. leonardoi sp. n. and H. italica may also occur in French Maritime Alps, but no direct evidence support the presence of this species in France.</p><p>Records of H. fioni sp. n. are only known from the Lombardian Prealps (Lombardia and southern Trentino in Italy and Tessin in Switzerland). Apparently, no overlap occurs between H. fioni sp. n. and H. leonardoi sp. n., being separated by Lake Maggiore, at the border between Piemonte and Lombardia (Tessin Valley). The same separation is known to occur for Coelotes pickardi tirolensis (Kulczyn'ski 1906) and C. pickardi pickardi O. P.- Cambridge 1873 (Isaia &amp; Pantini 2009) and for Troglohyphantes lucifuga Simon 1884 and T. sciakyi Pesarini 1989 (Isaia &amp; Pantini 2010) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D17887E2FFD1FFA8E9C4F43782A9FD6B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Bolzern, Angelo;Pantini, Paolo;Isaia, Marco	Bolzern, Angelo, Pantini, Paolo, Isaia, Marco (2013): Revision of the Histopona italica group (Araneae: Agelenidae), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa 3640 (1): 23-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.2
