taxonID	type	description	language	source
D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Stratiomys quadridentata Fabricius, by monotypy.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The genus is characterized by the following set of characters: (1) flagellum consisting of 8 flagellomeres, medial 3 ‒ 4 of them provided with slender lateral projections (Figs 5, 7), (2) thorax with leathery, rounded and flat prealar prominence in front of wing (Figs 28 – 34), (3) scutellum with four moderately long spines (Fig. 43), (4) vein R 2 + 3 starting close to or at crossvein R-M (Fig. 44), (5) vein R 4 present (Figs 57 – 73), (6) abdomen short, rounded to subquadrate, distinctly convex dorsally (e. g. Fig. 64), and (7) aedeagal complex with short cylindrical posterolateral papillae (Figs 56, 99). From these characters probably only characters (1) and (7) are autapomorphic for this genus although partly shared with Isomerocera in a modified form (see Introduction). Character (1) is probably secondarily reduced in the male of P. s i m p l e x sp. nov. and character (2) was also found in some other Pachygastrinae (e. g. in Camptopteromyia de Meijere, Gabaza Walker, Gnorismomyia Kertész, Lophoteles Loew, Pegadomyia Kertész, Pseudopegadomyia Rozkošný & Kovac and Saldubella Kertész) as well as in taxa outside of Pachygastrinae (e. g. in some genera of Clitellariinae, as a subtriangular prominence in Adoxomyia Kertész and as a strong spine in Clitellaria Meigen and Nigritomyia Bigot).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF39FFA78BA5FC5EBB80F368.taxon	description	Description. Male. Head with strongly holoptic eyes contiguous for a relatively long distance, ommatidia in upper part of eye larger than in lower third (Fig. 15). Postocular area usually narrow, more distinct only in lower third of head in lateral view (Fig. 20). Upper frons barely broader than diameter of anterior ocellus, tapered anteriorly and reaching to about middle of distance between anterior ocellus and frontal tomentose spot above antennae (Fig. 15). Ocellar tubercle (Fig. 16) distinctly prominent in lateral view, vertex beyond it transversely oblong, not longer than ocellar tubercle in dorsal view. Lower frons above antennae (Fig. 19) shining black, slightly protuberant, usually with distinct medial groove and rounded, medianly divided silverish tomentose spot in upper half. Antenna (Fig. 5) usually more than twice as long as head, scape about twice as long as pedicel, longer only in P. simplex sp. nov. Two basal flagellomeres cylindrical, with scattered sensory pits, first of them 1.5 – 2.0 times as long as broad and second usually shorter than broad. Each of flagellomeres 3 – 5 with ventral and dorsal slender projections, flagellomeres 6 – 8 short but densely haired. Last flagellomere usually 4 – 5 times longer than preceding one, relatively shorter only in P. kerteszi sp. nov. Face prominent, tubercle-like, rounded in profile. Proboscis with fleshy and stout labellum, palpus relatively long, two-segmented, with apical segment oval and flattened. Thorax longer than broad, scutum with markedly prominent postpronotal callus and slightly dilated toward wing bases. Leathery, rounded and flat prealar prominence in front of wing base well developed as in females (cf. Figs 29 – 34). Scutellum about at same level as scutum, subquadrate or more rounded posteriorly, with two pairs of slightly upcurved and pointed spines, distance between middle pair of spines usually same as or longer than that between medial and lateral spines. Scutum and scutellum mostly covered with metallic iridescent scales in different arrangement and density. Scales usually more or less elliptical, subquadrate or tapered, often pointed apically, with semi-globular to globular bases, similar to those in females (cf. Figs 35 – 39). Wing membrane densely covered with microtrichia. In some species an irregular transverse yellowish streak from wing margin to lower margin of discal cell or even to anterior cubital cell less or more distinct (Figs 57, 65). Vein R 2 + 3 arising slightly before, beyond or just at crossvein R-M (Fig. 44) and vein R 4 always present, no veins reaching posterior wing margin, all faint before end. Calypter usually with dense and mostly wool-like, black marginal fringe (cf. Fig. 46). Halter relatively long, usually with darkened knob (Fig. 48) and dense surface sensillae (Fig. 49). Legs dark, only mid and hind basitarsomeres sometimes paler. Apical tarsomeres and pretarsus as in Figs 50 – 51. Abdomen rounded, barely longer than broad, with prominent but rounded anterolateral corners, slightly convex dorsally and ventrally. Silverish white (rarely golden yellow) hair patches may form species-specific ornamentation, abdomen only rarely entirely bare dorsally (male of P. b e rg i). Male terminalia (Figs 55 – 56) specialised, with autapomorphic aedeagal complex. Epandrium usually subquadrate or slightly dilated proximally, more or less indented at proximal margin, proctiger mostly pentagonal, cerci only slightly reaching beyond epiproct. Genital capsule subquadrate, usually somewhat tapered toward proximal margin, medial process well developed, bilobate as a rule, simple only in P. s i m p l e x. Gonostylus leaf-shaped. True trifid phallic organ (Fig. 87, in middle of distal part) protected by an enclosure consisting of a membrane between both gonocoxites and distally ending as a short cylindrical posterolateral papilla on each side of phallus. Phallic organ continuing proximally as flat, transversely margined or rounded aedeagal apodeme. Posterolateral papillae provided with transverse ridges in some species and / or their bases with tranverse rows of flat, hyaline and pointed spines. Only male of P. s im pl e x with additional posterolateral, pointed projections at outer side of each posterolateral papilla (Fig. 133). Female. Head with dichoptic eyes separated by frons occupying about 1 / 5 of head width, size of ommatidia small on entire eye surface (Fig. 17). Ocellar tubercle (Fig. 18) and especially anterior ocellus prominent in profile but less distinct than in male. Postocular area well developed, about as broad as pedicel is long and shining in dorsal view, narrower and pilose laterally (Fig. 20). Frons black, depressed in middle and slightly protuberant above antennae in profile, granulose, short and densely pilose in upper half and shining in lower half, with medial groove in lower half (Fig. 17). Two subtriangular, subquadrate or rounded, whitish tomentose spots at eye margin below middle of frons. Scape and two basal flagellomeres usually stouter than in conspecific male. One unpaired projection present on flagellomere 2 and paired projections on flagellomeres 3 – 5, all projections much longer than in males, with combs of conspicous erect setulae (Figs 7 – 9). Facial tubercle below antennae (Fig. 17) as in male but usually broader. Iridescent scales on scutum and scutellum sometimes even denser than in males, usually arranged in longitudinal stripes on scutum, in some cases of diagnostic value (cf. Figs 35 – 40). Scutellar spines short, reaching only about 1 / 3 of scutellum length (e. g. Fig. 43), almost entirely darkened. Anterior spiracle as in Fig. 47. Yellow transverse streak in middle of wing usually indistinct or absent. Wing microtrichia are usually less developed than in males, partly or extensively reduced especially in basal cells, anterior and posterior cubital, and anal cells (Figs 58, 63, 71). Calypter with white or black marginal hair fringe. Female terminalia (Fig. 124) with two-segmented cercus, the basal segment up to 5 times longer than apical one, tergite 10 subtriangular, shorter than basal segment of cercus. Tergite 9 subquadrate and emarginated distally, sternite 9 weakly sclerotized, almost 3.0 times as long as broad, subgenital plate (= sternite 8) (Fig. 127) longer than tergite 8, distally projecting in middle. Genital furca fairly uniform, elongate oval and pointed proximally, deepened in middle of frame distally, posterolateral projections long and pointed (cf. Figs 81, 93 – 94, 106 – 107). Intersegmental membranous areas long although usually shorter than neighbouring segments. Completely extended oviscape usually longer than sclerotized abdominal segments 1 – 5. Spermathecae not examined. Diagnostic characters have been found especially on the antenna (the length and colour of basal segments, the shape of two basal flagellomeres, the length and colour of the ultimate and penultimate flagellomere), on the wing (presence or absence of the yellowish transverse streak, the extent of hyaline areas with reduced microtrichia) and the shape of hair patches on the abdomen. However, colour characters and the extent of abdominal hair patches are often considerably variable (cf. Figs 142 – 143, 148 – 153). A complex of characters must be thus taken in consideration when making identifications. Our preliminary study of surface structures in some species indicates that the size, shape and density of scales, especially on the scutum and scutellum, might be a diagnostic character even in females (cf. Figs 37 – 39). Scales are often accompanied or replaced by slender or slightly dilated setulae inserted in globose or semiglobose basal structures (Figs 39, 40). Nevertheless, these surface structures need further study including a detailed comparison of scales and setulae among species, between both sexes and on different body parts. On the contrary, the shape of the prealar prominence seems to be fairly uniform within this genus, apart from some differences in the number and form of grooves on the dorsal surface (cf. Figs 29 – 34). The shape of the apical segment of the palpus (Figs 24 – 27) shows only slight differences among the female specimens examined. The male terminalia do not provide a sufficiently diverse set of morphological structures in some related species and only those of P. s i m p l e x (Figs 132 – 134) display highly species-specific structures. Differences in the female terminalia are generally even less distinct.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Two syntypes deposited in ZMAN, here designated as lectotype and paralectotype. The lectotype is labelled " Blume, Java [rounded label] / Ptilocera amethystina v. Voll., Coll. F. M. v. d. Wulp / Syntype / LECTOTY- PUS Ƥ Ptilocera amethystina Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1857: 92, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det. 2009 " [red label]. Condition: antennae and tarsus of hind left leg absent. The paralectotype belongs to a different species: " Forsten, Bel Amour / Ptilocera amethystina v. Voll., Coll. F. M. v. d. Wulp / Syntype / PARALECTOTYPUS Ƥ Ptilocera amethystina Snellen van Vollenhoven, 1857: 92 [red label] / = Ptilocera continua Gerstaecker, 1857, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det. 2010 ". Condition: pedicel and flagellum of both antennae and left hind leg absent, anterior margin of both wings damaged.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Last antennal flagellomere snow white, long and slender, gradually tapered toward apex. Transverse yellow streak in male wing relatively broad and with less contrast than in other species, quite absent in female wing. Marginal fringe of calypter dark brown to black in both sexes. Abdominal lateral markings longitudinal on tergite 3 and subquadrate on tergite 4 in male, and longitudinal on tergites 2 ‒ 4 in female, hair patches on tergite 5 in form of two characteristic subtriangular spots.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 57, 74 – 78). Length (mm): body 5.9 – 9.6 (n = 48); wing: 4.8 – 9.6 (n = 48). Head. Lower frons shining dark brown, with transversely oval silverish tomentose spot divided by a median black line. Scape brown, pedicel and flagellomeres 1 – 2 pale brown, both blackish haired, forming oval complex provided with sensory pits and covered with short brownish pile. Basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere snow white, slender, at most pale brown basally, as long as 5 preceding flagellomeres combined and at least 6 times as long as subapical flagellomere (Fig. 75). Thorax black, finely punctuate, with scales in colour changing from silver, green and blue-green, depending on angle of light, arranged in four longitudinal stripes on scutum, two broadly separated median and broader lateral (= notopleural). Scattered scales also between medial and lateral stripes in presutural area, medial stripes interrupted beyond transverse suture, distinct as elongate triangular spots touching base of scutellum (Fig. 74). Dense scales distinct along margin of scutellum, middle scutellar spines reaching 0.5 – 0.6 length of scutellum, usually with pale tips. Yellowish transverse streak on wing more or less distinct, relatively broad and fairly diffuse, from apical part of discal cell and continuing along first branch of cubital vein. Wing microtrichia only indistictly reduced in basal cells, alula and basal part of anal cell (Fig. 57). Calypter brown, with long dark brown hair fringe. Slender basitarsus of mid legs sometimes reddish brown, other part of legs usually dark brown to black. Abdomen dark brown to black, finely punctuate, with large silverish hair patches on tergites 3 – 5 (Fig. 74). Medial process of genital capsule with divergent posterior lobes (Fig. 76), posterolateral papillae of aedeagal complex without transverse ridges and hyaline flat spines at bases (Fig. 77). Aedeagal apodeme rounded proximally. Female (Figs 10, 24, 30, 58, 79 – 81). Length (mm): body 6.9 – 11.7 (n = 34); wing: 6.4 – 10.1 (n = 34). Head. Frontal index 1.3 – 1.6 (avg = 1.4, n = 27). Basal flagellomere brownish, much broader than in male, almost quadrate in lateral view, projection on flagellomere 2 about as long as swollen basal complex (pedicel + 2 basal flagellomeres), other projections up to twice as long, apical flagellomere four times as long as broad. Last flagellomere 1.6 – 3.3 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Penultimate flagellomere usually white to pale yellow, rarely darkened (Fig. 80). Scutum black, finely punctate, with pattern consisting of two pairs of pink to green and violet, parallel stripes usually being less conspicuous than in male (Fig. 79). Scutellum flattened, subquadrate, with broad margin of shining, mainly silverish scales, stout and short brown scutellar spines at most half as long as scutellum at middle. Wing (Fig. 58) extensively brown infuscated, transverse yellowish streak not distinct, microtrichia absent in basal part of wing as in male but sometimes also in a narrow longitudinal stripe along middle of posterior cubital cell. Calypter brown, with long blackish fringe as in male. Legs mainly brown with brown pile. Abdomen black, with bluish reflections, finely punctate, with well defined vertically oriented hair patches of silverish pile on tergites 2 – 5 (Fig. 79). Genital furca as in Fig. 81. Variation. In addition to size (see above) both sexes may vary in darkening of both basal flagellomeres, density of scales in longitudinal stripes on scutum and the extent of abdominal hair patches. The last flagellomere may rarely be slightly brownish basally (Fig. 10). The penultimate flagellomere is usually brown in males and snow white to yellow in females but de Meijere (1914) mentioned two females with a dark penultimate flagellomere from Sumatra. Especially females usually have white frontal spots of a slightly different size and shape, tips of scutellar spines may be more reddish.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The taxonomic status of this species is fixed by the lectotype designation because the second of the original syntypes belongs to a different species (P. continua). Brunetti (1907, 1920, 1923) apparently had no authentic material available. The diagnostic characters of this species were unambiguously defined by de Meijere (1911, 1914). Edwards (1915) erroneously considered this species to be a synonym of P. continua. The male with a white last flagellomere from Sumatra identified as Ptilocera sp. by Kertész (1916) very probably represents a male of P. amethystina.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 33 3, 38 Ƥ (including female lectotype). Cambodia: 1 Ƥ, Bigot coll., in BMNH; 1 Ƥ, Stevens, in ZMHB. Indonesia: Java: Djampang Mts, Bibidjilan, 15. iii. 1938 1 3; Djampang Tengah, 15. iv. 1938 1 Ƥ; both E. le Moult, in BMNH, 24. iv. 1939 1 Ƥ, 11. x. 1939 1 3, 28. xi. 1939 1 3, 2 Ƥ, 24. i. 1940 4 Ƥ, 8. ii. 1940 2 3, 2. iii. 1940 1 Ƥ, 25. iii. 1940 1 3, 24. iv. 1940 1 Ƥ, 1. vi. 1941 1 3, 4. xi. 1941 1 3; Gunug Pangrango, 4. iv. 1939 1 Ƥ, all in ZMAN. Gunug Tentang, 15. iii. 1938 1 3, E. le Moult, in BMNH; Ordjoeng Genton Bay, ix. 1936 1 3, Penandjoeng [= Penandjon] Peninsula, vii. 1936 1 Ƥ, Preanger [= Priangar], 29. iii. 1939 1 Ƥ, 15. v. 1939 1 3, 4. xi. 1941 1 Ƥ; Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi], 15. v. 1926 1 Ƥ, E. le Moult, in BMNH; Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi], Gedek Helling, 10. v. 1941 1 Ƥ; Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi], Djampang Kidoel, 1000 – 1500 ft, 15. xii. 1939 1 3; Tjimerangs, 4. v. 1915 1 Ƥ, ii. 1937 1 3, 1 Ƥ; Wynkoopsbay, ix. 1936 1 3, xii. 1936 5 3, 5 Ƥ, ii. 1937 1 3, 3 Ƥ, 15. xii. 1937 1 3, 1 Ƥ; all J. M. A. van Groenendael, all in ZMAN. Kalimantan: 2 3, 1 Ƥ, in MSNG. Si-Pora [= Sipura] Island, 1 3, A. Maas; Sumatra: 1 3, in MSNM (Bezzi Coll.). Lubuksikapink Westkust, 450 m, 1926 1 3, both E. Jacobson, in ZMHB. Tanjung Andalas, 15. v. 1914 1 3, J. M. A. van Groenendael, in ZMAN. Tanjung Morawa, Deli Serdang, 1 Ƥ, in RMNH. Laos: Sayaboury [= Xaignabouli] Province; Sayaboury, 30. vi. 1965 1 Ƥ, in BPBM. Malaysia: Sabah: 19 km N of Kalabakan, Forest Camp, 17. x. 1962 1 Ƥ, K. J. Kuncheria; 21. xi. 1962 1 3, 21. xi. 1962 1 3; Malaise trap, 12. xi. 1962 1 Ƥ, 13. xi. 1962 1 3, 1 Ƥ, Y. Hirashima; all in BPBM, Bettotan nr. Sandakan, 15. viii. 1927 1 3; Poring Springs, 1600 ft, 6. v. 1973 1 3, K. M. Guichard, both in BMNH. Sarawak, Nanga Pelagus near. Kapit, 180 – 585 m, 7. VIII. 1958 1 3, T. C. Maa, in BPBM. Selangor: Genting Tea Estate, Genting Sembah forest, 2000 ft, 24. xii. 1972 1 3, in BMNH. Myanmar: Nam Tamay valley, 3000 ft, 27 ° 42´N, 97 ° 54´E, 26. viii. 1938 1 Ƥ, R. Kaulbaek, in BMNH. Thailand: Chon Buri: Ban Bang Phra, 6. iii. 1968 2 3, M. D. Delfinado, in BPBM; Phuket: Kao Phra Thaew National Park, 1250 – 2000 m, 08 ° 0.672´N 98 ° 21.07 E, 15. iv. 2001 1 3, H. Stuke, in FSMU; Trang: Forest Research Station, Khao Chong trail, 75 m, 7 ° 33´0 ´´ N, 99 ° 47´25 ´´ E, 7. ii. 2005 1 Ƥ, D. Yanega, in UCR. Vietnam: Taynynh [= Tay Ninh], 21. x. 1923 1 Ƥ, R. Vitalis de Salvaza, in IRSNB.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3EFFA58BA5FDEDB964F609.taxon	distribution	Distribution. From Myanmar through Thailand, Laos and Cambodia to Vietnam, from Malaysia known in the continental part but also in Sabah and Sarawak, in Indonesia recorded from Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan. The published records from Java and Sumatra (de Meijere 1911, 1914; Enderlein 1914) are apparently correct. The occurrence in Sulawesi has not been confirmed by recent materal. A record from Sulawesi by Snellen van Vollenhoven (1857) is based on a misidentification (see comments on the paralectotype above) and actually refers to P. continua. Records from the Philippines published by Osten Sacken (1882) under P. amethystina (cited by many subsequent authors) very probably represent P. continua.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype housed in BMNH labelled: " SOLOMON IS., Rennel I., Hutuda, 8. xi. 1953 J. D. Bradley / RENNEL I. Expedition. B. M. 1954 - 222 / Ptilocera Ƥ n. sp. det. D. Hollis, 1962 / HOLOTYPUS Ƥ, Ptilocera aureopilosa F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det., 2010 " [red label]. Condition: good, only right wing glued on a small glass on same pin.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apical flagellomere white, only slightly brown tinged basally, body mostly covered with dense golden rusty pile, calypter with whitish and blackish marginal fringe. Wing brownish infuscated, with a broad, transverse yellow band including large part of discal cell. Male. Unknown.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype) (Figs 21, 31, 52, 59, 82 – 83). Length (mm): body 9.2, wing 8.5. Head. Ocellar tubercle black, with semi-erect, rusty to golden pile. Frons covered by dense semi-erect golden pile (Fig. 21), with median groove; rounded, velvety-like spot at each inner eye margin. Antenna brown, only apical flagellomere snow white and slightly brownish basally, basal flagellomere broader than long, ultimate flagellomere about 3 times as long as penultimate (Fig. 83). Face brown, polished, covered with silverish pile except on facial prominence (Fig. 21). Proboscis short, brown, covered with brownish pile. Palpus two-segmented, brown. Postocular area with mostly appressed, golden pile along eye margin. Thorax black, scutum densely covered with appressed, golden, relatively long pile except broad median band in presutural area of scutum (Fig. 82). Postpronotal callus and postalar callus mainly brown, covered with golden pile. Prealar prominence rounded as in other species, with strongly furrowed ventral side (cf. Fig. 31). Scutellum with four short brown spines reaching only about 1 / 5 of length of scutellum at middle, densely covered with golden pile except central area (Fig. 52). Wing only slightly brown infuscated with poorly defined, broad yellowish transverse band from wing margin to lower margin of discal cell; microtrichia only slightly reduced along second branch of cubital vein and in longidutinal areas in posterior cubital and anal cells (Fig. 59). Calypter brown, with long, mixed whitish and brownish marginal hairs. Halter with yellowish stalk and darkened knob. Legs mainly brown, tarsi brown with pale brownish pile. Abdomen (Figs 52, 82) finely punctuate, mainly black, covered by dense golden pile except narrow basal area. Pile mainly appressed to semi-appressed, partly with greenish shade in certain views. Female terminalia not examined.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name aureopilosa refers to the distinctive tousled golden hairs covering the main part of the female’s body	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Only the female holotype.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFA48BA5FF45B99AF47A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The female holotype is known from the Solomon Islands.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. P. b e rg i is based on the female holotype, the male allotype and 246 paratypes (121 3 and 125 Ƥ, cf. James 1948). We examined a series of 41 paratypes (19 3 and 22 Ƥ), 38 of them labelled " Guadalcanal 1944 – 1945, C. O. Berg / PARATYPE Ptilocera bergi James [red label, handwritten by James] / Paratype No. 57309 U. S. N. M. [red label] ", in USNM, and 2 Ƥ labelled " Paratype [yellow circular label] / Lunga R. Val., Guadalcanal / Coll. J. Laffoon, X. 12.1944 / PARATYPE Ƥ Ptilocera bergi James [handwritten by James] / Pres. by Com. Inst. Ent. B. M. 1950 322 ", in BMNH. One female paratype (Guadalcanal, 1944 – 1945, C. O. Berg) also in CNC. The majority of the examined specimens are in perfect condition, only the antennae are missing in one male and antennal flagella absent in 2 males and 3 females.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apical flagellomere brown in males and snow white on apical half in females. Males without any hair patches on the abdominal tergites. Females with silverish patches on tergite 2 and 3 (often partly reduced or absent on tergite 3). Male and female wing usually uniformly brown infuscated, in some specimens with a pale apex.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 60, 84 – 88). Length (mm): body 8.0 – 10.1 (n = 9), wing 6.6 – 8.5 (n = 9). Head. Antenna (Fig. 85) completely dark brown to black, basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere about 5.0 – 5.5 times longer than penultimate flagellomere. Face covered by erect silverish pile except for central area. Thorax black, densely and finely punctuate, scutum in dorsal view mainly black, with more or less distinct, narrow medial stripes and broad lateral stripes consisting of violet iridescent scales. Scattered scales also in space between medial and lateral stripes in presutural area (Fig. 84). Scutellum enlarged, with dense scales mainly along broad lateral margin, four scutellar spines slender, long and slightly upcurved, reddish yellow to brown. Apical scutellar spines 0.6 – 0.8 as long as scutellum in middle. Wing (Fig. 60) uniformly covered with dense brown microtrichia except proximal 2 / 3 of alula and sometimes fairly broad apex of wing membrane. Rarely a yellowish transverse streak or somewhat yellowish areas along basal halves of both cubital veins distinct. Calypter brown, margined with brown hairs. Halter light brown or blackish infuscated. Legs brown to black, only basitarsi on mid and hind legs sometimes yellowish. Tarsi golden brown haired. Abdomen (Fig. 84) dark brown to black, without any hair patches and iridescent scales, finely punctate, with very fine micropile. Sternites brown, with reddish brown short pubescence. Male terminalia (Figs 86 – 88): Proctiger pentagonal, strongly emarginate proximally, cerci short (Fig. 88), posteromedial lobes of genital capsule well developed, only slightly divergent (Fig. 86). Aedeagal complex abruptly constricted below middle, posterolateral papillae without transverse ridges but with transverse basal rows of short hyaline spines (Fig. 87). Female (Figs 61, 89 – 94). Length (mm): body 8.5 – 11.7 (n = 13), wing 7.1 – 10.1 (n = 5). Head. Antenna (Fig. 90) mainly dark brown to black, only distal half to two-thirds of apical flagellomere snow white. Basal flagellomere slightly broader than long, apical flagellomere 5.0 – 5.3 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Frontal index: 0.9 – 1.3 (avg = 1.2, n = 6). Polished face covered with silverish pile except on facial prominence. Thorax black, densely and finely punctate, entirely covered with very short black pile. Scutum with mainly violet shining scales covering presutural area except large longitudinal stripe in middle and two oval areas between suture and postalar callus on each side (Fig. 89). Scutellum semi-circular, covered with silver to violet scales, four stout spines reddish apically or entirely black, shorter than in male, reaching at most 0.4 scutellum length at middle (Fig. 89). Wing membrane brownish infuscated, only basal cells, alula and sometimes also wing apex partly hyaline (Fig. 61). Calypter including marginal hairs brown to black. Halter brownish to black, rarely paler. Abdomen (Fig. 89) black, with faint bluish reflections, finely punctate. Silverish hair patches mostly subquadrate, rounded or subtriangular on tergite 3 (Figs 91 – 92) and semicircular, subtriangular or missing on tergite 4. Genital furca with a large median aperture and long wing-like posterolateral projections (Figs 93 – 94). Variation. James (1948) tried to separate specimens from the Bougainville Island as a subspecies on the basis of extensively variable characters: the yellowish apices of scutellar spines and mid basitarsi, the irregular yellowish transverse streak on the male wing and a reddish shade of hairs along the longitudinal stripes on the female scutum. We found that these characters are more or less distinct also in populations from Guadalcanal and especially from other Solomon Islands (e. g. from Florida Island). That is why we support Woodley´s (2001) conclusion about the synonymy of P. bergi flavescens. Moreover, in males the apical and posterior margin of the wing may be more or less hyaline or completely brown and the extent of the pale part of the last female flagellomere may be confined to the apical half or less; on the other hand James (1948) recorded a female from Santa Cruz with the last flagellomere completely white. Some distinct differences were also found in the extent of the whitish hair patches on female tergites 3 and 4; in extreme cases they can even be confluent longitudinally (Fig. 92).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Woodley (2001, Note 21, p. 333) supposed that the holotype of P. b e rg i was inadvertently labelled as a paratype because the holotype could not be found in USNM. Some males and females designated originally as “ Ptilocera bergi flavescens James, det. James ” in USNM were considered to belong to the type series and were discussed adequately by Woodley (2001, Note 22, p. 334).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 58 3 and 50 Ƥ (including 19 3 and 25 Ƥ types). Australia: Queensland, Cairns, ix. 1920 3 Ƥ, J. A. Kusche, in BPBM. Solomon Islands: vii. – viii. 1909 l Ƥ, W. W. Froggatt; 15. i. 1935 1 3, R. J. A. W. Lever, both in USNM; Bougainville Island: type series of P. bergi flavescens (see above). Florida Island: iii. 1945 1 Ƥ, G. E. Bohart, in USNM; 15. x. 1966 2 3, 2 Ƥ, M. J. A. de Koster, in ZMAN. Guadalcanal Island: 1944, 9 3, 13 Ƥ, in USNM and 1 Ƥ in CNC; 1944 – 1945, 1 3, all C. O. Berg, 0 – 200 2 3, x. 1973 2 3, 1 Ƥ, N. L. H. Krauss, all in USNM. Callego, Hidden Valley, 10. vii. 1965 1 Ƥ,? leg., in BMNH; Honiara, 26. – 31. iii. 1972 2 Ƥ, R. H. Carcasson; xi. 1973 8 3, N. L. H. Krauss, all in USNM; 17. i. 1974 1 3, N. L. H. Krauss, in BMNH; 0 – 200 m, xi. 1976 1 3, 0 – 100 m, xii. 1976 1 3, i. 1977, 1 3, N. L. H. Krauss, in USNM; 15. xii. 1980 1 3, N. L. H. Krauss, in BMNH; Kukum, without date 1 3, 10. vi. 1963 1 3, 10. iv. 1964 1 Ƥ, 25. vi. 1964 1 3, M. McQuillan, all in BMNH. Lunga River, ix. 1944 2 3, J. Lafoon, in USNM. New Georgia: Rendova, 1954 1 Ƥ, W. H. Mann, in USNM. Russell Islands: Mbanica Island, 24. xi. 1945 1 3, C. L. Gibson, in USNM.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF3CFFAA8BA5FA8BB8D0F08B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. In addition to the examined specimens, James (1948) recorded some further localities on Guadalcanal Island (Malimbu River Valley and Teneru District) and from Santa Cruz Islands. P. b e rg i seems thus to be confined to Australia and the Solomon Islands.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material: P. continua Walker: The female holotype is deposited in London (BMNH) and labelled: " This specimen is probably the type of Ptilocera continua Walk., E. E. 26. VII. 1912 / Java, A. R. Wallace / Presumed HOLOTYPE of Ptilocera continua Walker, det. J. E. CHAINEY 1982 / HOLOTYPUS Ƥ Ptilocera continua Walker, 1851: 84, Mason & Rozkošný rev., 2009 ". Condition: The distal half of the left wing missing and the stronger veins of the right wing broken proximally.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Apical flagellomere completely brown in male and partly white in female. Metallic shining scales on scutum arranged in more or less distinct paired longitudinal stripes, medial and lateral, both at least partly confluent on each side of presutural area in males. Hair patches on abdominal tergite 5 in form of two transversely oval and medially more or less open rings. Female wing with markedly reduced microtrichia.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 5 – 6, 15 – 16, 62, 95 – 100). Length (mm): body 5.6 – 11.0 (n = 85), wing 5.2 – 10.3 (n = 86). Head (Figs 15 ‒ 16). Antenna completely brown to black (Figs 5 – 6, 97), last flagellomere 4.0 – 5.0 times as long as penultimate flagellomere, basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, two basal flagellomeres sometimes with brownish color. Thorax (Fig. 95) black, finely punctuate, scutum covered with very short reddish brown pile. Metallic iridescent scales covering presutural area of scutum except broad median band and continuing on postsutural area as broad lateral longitudinal stripes. Medial stripes usually reduced in postsutural area. Scutellum (Fig. 95) slightly convex dorsally, with iridescent scales distinct along broad margin. Scutellar spines slightly turned up, their distal halves usually yellow to reddish brown, 0.5 – 0.7 as long as scutellum at middle. Wing (Fig. 62) blackish infuscated, with yellowish, irregular, relatively narrow and contrasting transverse band. Apex and posterior wing margin in apical third sometimes paler. Wing microtrichia partly reduced only on extreme wing base. Calypter dark brown, with brown to black, dense and wool-like marginal hairs. Halter blackish, stalk usually somewhat paler. Legs black, basal 1 ‒ 2 tarsomeres on mid and hind legs sometimes reddish brown. Abdomen (Fig. 95) black, finely punctate, hair patches usually longitudinal or indistinct on tergite 3 and oblique to transverse on tergite 4, a pair of transversely oval, ring-shaped and medially bare hair-patches distinct on tergite 5. Male terminalia (Figs 98 ‒ 100): Dorsal part (Fig. 100) as in other species, proctiger relatively short. Genital capsule (Fig. 98) somewhat tapered proximally, medial lobes on posterior margin high, almost pointed apically. Gonostylus leaf-shaped, relatively broad. Posterolateral papillae of aedeagal complex with only one transverse, subapical ridge and a basal group of hyaline spines (Fig. 99). Aedeagal apodeme transverse at proximal end. Female (Figs 1, 2 a, 7 – 9, 25, 32, 36, 51, 54, 63, 101 – 107). Length (mm): body 6.4 – 11.2 (n = 60), wing 5.9 – 9.8 (n = 59). Head. Frons black, punctate, with brownish to black, very short pile in upper half and two subtriangular or rounded, silverish white tomentose spots usually being larger than in other species. Frontal index: 1.0 – 1.3 (avg = 1.1, n = 54). Antenna (Figs 7 – 9, 11, 103) dark brown, only pedicel and basal 1 – 2 flagellomere sometimes reddish brown, apical flagellomere snow white at least on apical half. Basal flagellomere usually slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere about 2.5 times as long as penultimalte flagellomere. Palpus (Fig. 25) distictly broadened. Scutum (Figs 1, 2 a, 101) with mainly silverish, greenish to violet shining scales arranged into two pairs of longitudinal stripes reaching base of scutellum and continuing on its broad margin. In presutural area medial and lateral stripes fused only along anterior margin. Scales in presutural area of scutum (Fig. 36) subquadrate, with 3 teeth at distal margin, distinctly shorter and clearly differing from those found in other females of all examined species (cf. Figs 26 ‒ 28). Prealar prominence (Fig 32) as in other species. Scutellar spines much shorter than in male, reaching about ¼ of scutellum length at middle (Fig. 101). Wing mainly brown infuscated, irregular transverse yellowish streak usually absent or at most indistinct (cf. wing of holotype, Fig. 63), wing microtrichia extensively reduced in alula, basal part of anal cell, large area of posterior cubital cell and in proximal part of anterior cubital cell. Calypter, halter and legs as in male. Pretarsus of fore leg as in Fig. 51. Abdomen (Figs 54, 101) mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctuate. Hair patches on tergite narrow or broader, longitudinally oriented, on tergite 4 relatively narrow and oblique, ring-shaped as in male on tergite 5. Genital furca (Figs 105 – 107) usually with large median aperture as in other species and deep median incision at posterior margin of frame. Variation. The female apical flagellomere is sometimes almost completely white, at most indistinctly darkened basally; on the other hand, in several specimens the white part is confined to the apical third or less. The transverse yellowish streak on the wing is relatively narrow in the male but indistict or entirely missing in the female. A reduction of the wing microtrichia is only very limited in the male and conspicuous in the female. The marginal fringe of the female calypter is usually dark, rarely partly whitish. Some variation was noted in the extent of the abdominal hair patches on tergites 3 and 4 in both sexes (cf. Figs 95 – 96, 101 ‒ 102).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Most authors identified this species as P. fastuosa. The name of P. continua appears (in addition to the original description by Walker 1851 from Java) only in Brunetti (1907), (two females named by Bigot from the Andaman Islands). Edwards (1915) was the first to propose the synonymy of continua and fastuosa but his concept was not accepted by subsequent authors. Kertész (1916) tried to separate the females of both “ species ” by a transverse, irregular, yellow streak on the wing, which should be absent in continua, and his key was essentially replaced by Brunetti (1923). P. fastuosa subsp. dilutiapicis Lindner has never been described, only the name is listed in the Lindner´s paper from 1938.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 244 3 and 285 Ƥ (including 1 3 and 2 Ƥ types). Cambodia: Siem Reap: Angkor Thom. India: Assam: Chabur, Doom Dooma, Tezpur. Kerala: Kallar; Trivandrum. Tamil Nadu: Anaimalai Hills; Coimbatore; Madras [= Chennai]; Nilgiri Hills. Indonesia: Flores. Java: Bibidjilan; Djampangs Mts; Djampang Tengah; Sentani; Serdang; Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi]; Wynkoopsbay. Simeulue: Sinabang. Sulawesi: Danowudu; Manado; Utara; Dumoga Bone National Park. Sumatra: Tanjung Morawa. Laos: Khammounane: Nongtevada; Moung Sayaboury. Vientaine: Ban Na Pheng; Vang Vieng. Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tembeling; Kedah: Jitra; Pulau Langkawi, Sabah: Bettotan near Sandakan; Sapulut, Batu Punggul; Selangor: Ulu Gombak. Myanmar (without locality, 1 Ƥ in BMNH); Nepal: Chitvan District, Sauraha National Park. Philippines: Leyte: Ormoc; Biliran. Luzon: Albey Province, Banahao Mt. [= Mount Banahaw]; Bataan; Caguscos, Libon; Los Banos; Makilling Mt.; Manila. Masbate: Moboarea. Mindanao: Bukidnon; Bukidusu; Davao; Dapitan; Kolambugan; Manalio; Surigao; Tangcolan, Zamboanga Mt. Palawan: Brooke´s Point. Panay. Singapore. Sri Lanka: Anniewatte; Colombo Park; Gampaha Botanical Garden; Gannoruwa Timber Reserve; Galle Unawatuna; Gilimale; Henarathgoda; Kahalla; Kandy; Katugastota; Kitulgala Jungle; Kott; Kurana; Labugama Reservoir; Maha-Oia; Matale; Mirigama Scout Camp; Lavinia Mt.; Nugegoda; Paradeniya; Rajavaka; Ratnapura; Suduganga; Sankt Uduvattakelle; Uggalkalcota, Thailand: Chiang Mai: Ban Pha Mon; Chiang Mai City, lower slopes of Doi Suthep Mts., 360 m, 7. xi. 2006 1 Ƥ (see photo by M. Kemal: Fig 2 a). Loei: Na Haeo. Mae Hong Son: Pangmapha. Phuket: Koh Siray; National Park Khao Phra Thaew; Nam Lang River; Phuket. Tak: Sam Ngao, Bhunipol Dam. Vietnam: Nam Ha, Pulo Condore [= Con Dao]; Tay Ninh. Data: from 15. i. to 18. xii. Examined specimens deposited in BMNH, BPBM, CNC, CNBFVR, FSMU, IRSNB, MSNM, MHC, MHNG, MMB, RMNH, SMF, UCR, USNM, ZIB, ZMAN, ZMUC, ZMHB.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF32FFA88BA5FDE0BE12F0B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Records from the Oriental Region are available from Nepal, Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India), continental India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, W and E Malaysia, Indonesia (Simeulue, Sumatra, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Timor and Sulawesi). In addition to material examined, further localities are given in papers by Schiner (1868), Brunetti (1907, 1920, 1923, 1927), de Meijere (1916 a), Frey (1934) and Lindner (1937, 1955). Probably all published records of P. fastuosa (= P. continua) from the Australasian Region actually refer to P. violacea (as we could partly confirm by a study of the original material (see under P. violacea). The paralectotype of Ptilocera amethystina from Sulawesi (see type material of P. amethystina) is conspecific with P. continua and both alleged syntypes of P. smaragdina Snellen van Vollenhoven (not Walker) from Manado on Sulawesi (see Woodley 2001: 136) belong to P. continua as well (see Remarks under P. smaragdina).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Female holotype in Honolulu (BPBM), labelled: " Indonesia, Celebes I., Lake Lindu, 900 m, 1. – 5. i. 1966 / R. Straatman, Malaise trap, Bishop / HOLOTYPE, Ptilocera kerteszi sp. nov., Mason & Rozkošný 2010 [red label] ". Condition: nearly perfect, right antennal flagellum missing, left wing glued on label.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Last flagellomere markedly short compared with other species, dark in male and snow white in female, scutum and scutellum covered with black, short and erect hairs, discal cell hyaline, without microtrichia. Scales on presutural area mixed with long hairs.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	description	Description. Female (holotype) (Fig. 12, 33, 37, 43, 45, 64, 108 – 109). Length: body 9.4 mm, wing 8.4 mm. Head as in other species, with eyes separated by frons occupying about 1 / 5 of head width. Ocellar tubercle prominent, vertex about same length, both with inconspicuous black erect hairs. Frons with transverse depression in middle and a roundish, whitish tomentose spot on each side at eye margin. Frontal index 1.6. Upper half of frons covered with very short black, erect hairs, lower half shining black and bare but with a reddish brown patch above bases of antennae. Antenna (Figs 12, 109) with usual slender projections on flagellomeres 2 – 5. Scape slightly more than twice as long as pedicel, both shining black. Basal two flagellomeres reddish brown, with pale sensory pits, flagellomere 1 about 1.5 times longer than broad. Last flagellomere snow white, only 1.5 longer than preceding flagellomere. Postocular area in dorsal view as broad as pedicel, shining black, without any pubescence, narrowed in lateral view. Thorax (Fig. 108) black, densely punctate, green and reddish violet iridescent scales covering almost entire scutum and scutellum except broad median stripe that is tapered toward scutellum. Scales oval, mixed with long setulae (Fig. 37). Bare area on anepisternum barely distinct. Scutum and scutellum with moderately dense black erect hairs about as long as pedicel. Prealar prominence well developed (Fig. 33). Scutellum (Fig. 43) rather short and broad, medial scutellar spines almost 0.4 as long as scutellum at middle. Wing membrane brownish infuscated, more intensely along anterior margin in basal half. Extensive areas of wing membrane hyaline, without microtrichia; in addition to bare areas at wing base, alula, anal and cubital cells, the bare discal cell is apparently speciesspecific (Figs 45, 64). Halter dark brown with pale stem, calypter with long dark brown hairs along margin. Legs completely shining dark brown to black, tarsi with dense but short brown pubescence. Abdomen (Fig. 108) black with bluish reflections especially on apical half. Hair patches short and oblique on tergite 4 and transverse along anterior margin of tergite 5. Venter shining black, with mainly short and appressed brownish pubescence. Female terminalia externally as in other species, not dissected as the female is unique. Male. The male of this species was not available but it was apparently commented upon under the name “ smaragdifera ” by Kertész (1916) and Lindner (1935). Kertész (l. c.) mentioned in his key only two diagnostic characters, the long erect hairs on the scutum and scutellum and the pale discal cell. Lindner (l. c.) stated that his unique male had only a short apical flagellomere (2.5 times longer than the preceding flagellomere) which is dark, reddish at the tip. The scutal pattern is the same as in P. violacea and scales seem to be larger than in P. smaragdina and more iridescent, rather emerald green. The four silverish spots on the bluish black abdomen are reportedly somewhat yellowish, distinct along the anterior margin of tergites 4 and 5. The first pair is broadly separated at the middle and the second pair is almost confluent, forming a transverse stripe. Legs are as in P. smaragdina.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr. K. Kertész (1867 ‒ 1922), a prominent European dipterist of Hungarian origin, who was an editor of the first comprehensive catalog of the Palaearctic Diptera and was a respected authority on the world Stratiomyidae in his time.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	description	Variation. Unknown.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Lindner (1935) followed Kertész (1916) in interpretation of the male of " P. smaragdifera " but expressed doubt regarding the identity of the actual male of P. smaragdifera described by Walker (1859). Unfortunately, all three male specimens of alleged P. smaragdifera were apparently lost. Walker´s male was not found in BMNH (cf. already Brunetti 1923), Kertész´s specimen was destroyed by fire in Budapest in 1956 and Lindner´s male, described from the G. Heinrich collection, was probably lost during World War II (cf. a note in Hauser & Rozkošný 2008).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF30FFAF8BA5FDF6BBA2F33D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The female holotype is described from the vicinity of Lindu Lake (Indonesia: Sulawesi). Kertész´male originated from “ Borneo ” (probably Kalimantan) and Lindner´s specimen from Bantimoeroeng [= Bantimurung] (Sulawesi).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF37FFAF8BA5FD44BF7CF6AB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype in Basel (NMB), labelled: " Typus [red label] / O. Sumba, Melolo, 7.6.1949, Expedition Bühler-Sutter / Holotypus [handwritten by Lindner] / Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, det. Lind. [handwritten in red ink] / HOLOTYPUS 3 Ptilocera paradisea Lindner, 1951: 221. F. Mason & R. Rozkošný rev., 2009 [red label] ". Condition: perfect, terminalia dissected and preserved in a small microvial attached on same pin.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF37FFAF8BA5FD44BF7CF6AB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is immediately distinguishable by paired submedial longitudinal stripes on presutural area of scutum and extensive patch of golden pile on abdominal tergites 3 – 5. Wing brownish infuscated, with diffuse pale transverse band in middle.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF37FFAF8BA5FD44BF7CF6AB.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs. 53, 65, 110 – 114). Length (mm): body 9.0; wing 7.7 (only holotype examined). Head. Upper frons with erect, very short hairs in front of anterior ocellus. Antenna as in Fig. 111, antennal scape brown, pedicel light brown, flagellomeres uniformly dark brown. First two flagellomeres short and densely haired, with sensory pits, basal flagellomere almost twice as long as broad, apical flagellomere 3.5 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Lower frons bare, shining dark brown, with two small triangular silverish tomentose spots. Face covered with erect silverish white pile. Proboscis brown, with whitish hairs. Palpus brown, two-segmented. Postocular area not distinct in upper part and very narrow in lower part of head in profile. Thorax (Fig. 110) black, densely punctate, with shining golden scattered scales and with two shining, narrow, longitudinal, emerald stripes ending at transverse suture. Postpronotal callus brown, with erect brownish hairs at base; postalar callus blackish, prealar prominence rounded. Scutellum flattened, with slender, yellowish brown spines. Medial spines distinctly longer than half length of scutellum at middle. Anepisternum densely punctate, with very short and appressed brown pile. Wing pattern as in Fig. 65. Wing membrane brownish infuscated, with pale (rather hyaline than yellowish) transverse band from crossvein R-M, through distal half of discal cell to basal part of cell m 2. Calypter brown, densely brownish haired along margin. Halter with brown stalk and black knob. Legs: coxa, femur and tibia dark brown, tarsi yellowish brown. Abdomen (Figs 53, 110) black to dark brown, without obvious reflections, finely punctate, with very fine micropile. Tergite 1 and 2 with brown pile along lateral margins, tergite 3 with paired lateral hair patches consisting of golden pile, similar but dense pilosity extensively covering tergite 4 and almost completely covering tergite 5 (Fig. 110). Sternites brown, mainly bare. Male terminalia (Figs 112 – 114): Proctiger (Fig. 114) unusually high, subtriangular, cerci not reaching beyond tip of proctiger. Genital capsule (Fig. 112) subquadrate, posterior medial process of genital capsule bilobed, resembling that of P. continua but middle incision more pointed, gonostylus leafshaped as in other species. Posterolateral papillae of aedeagal complex relatively long, with two transverse ridges but without any basal hyaline spines (Fig. 113). Female. Unknown. Variation. Unknown.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF37FFAF8BA5FD44BF7CF6AB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Only the holotype from Indonesia (Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumba) is known.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Two female syntypes in ZMUC, København. The lectotype, herewith designated, is labelled: " / P: 4 dentata, Sumatra, Daldorff / Ptilocera 4 dentata Wied. / LECTOTYPUS Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius 1805: 86, Ƥ, Mason & Rozkošný des. 2008 ”. The second syntype is labeled the same except “ / PARALECTOTYPUS Ptilocera quadridentata Fabricius 1805: 86, Ƥ, Mason & Rozkošný des., 2008 ". Condition: Lectotype: tarsi of middle right and hind legs missing. Paralectotype: tarsi of all right legs missing, posterior margin of wing membrane partly broken.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species characterised by dense golden presutural area of scutum, only broad medial band in middle contrastingly black. Antenna entirely dark in male but distal half of apical flagellomere pale in female. Male wing with relatively narrow, irregular transverse streak in middle, microtrichia on female wing reduced only in narrow longitudinal stripe in middle of posterior cubital cell in addition to some other small areas. Female calypter with conspicuously white marginal fringe.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 19, 23, 55 – 56, 66, 115 – 119): Length (mm): body 6.2 – 9.8, wing 5.2 – 8.7 (n = 41). Head. Frontal spot relatively small, rounded, finely divided in middle (Fig. 19). Antenna (Fig. 116) completely brown, basal flagellomere slightly longer than broad, apical flagellomere 4.0 – 5.0 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Face covered by tiny erect silvery pile except medial tubercle. Thorax (Fig. 115) black, densely and finely punctate, with presutural area of scutum covered by dense velvety golden pile and greenish iridescent scales. Golden area divided medially by a broad, mainly black, longitudinal stripe that is widened toward suture. Scales relatively sparse on scutellum, four scutellar spines brown, yellowish apically, about half as long as scutellum at middle (Fig. 115). Postpronotal callus black, brownish at top; postalar callus black. Wing (Fig. 66) brown infuscated with transverse, well defined yellowish stripe from stigma to basal half of anterior arm of cubital vein. Microtrichia reduced only at base of wing. Halter with brownish to yellowish stem and darkened knob. Legs and coxae brown, tarsi brown, usually with golden pile. Abdomen (Fig. 115) black, almost without reflections, finely punctate, with fine micropile. Paired hair patches on tergite 4 in form of convergent, slightly sinuate stripes, tergite 5 with two extensive hair patches resembling those of P. continua. Sternites black, covered by tiny silverish and appressed pile. Male terminalia (Figs 55 – 56, 117 – 119): epandrium quadrate, cerci barely reaching beyond apex of proctiger (119), medial process of genital capsule bilobed, moderately concave at middle (Fig. 117), gonocoxal apodemes relatively long, aedeagal complex with short posterolateral papillae provided with dense basal row of hyaline and flat spines (Fig. 118). Female (Figs 2 b, 13, 17 – 20, 22, 26, 38 – 41, 48 – 50, 55 – 56, 67, 120 – 127). Length (mm): body 6.6 – 11.7 (n = 88), wing 6.1 – 10.9 (n = 88). Head (Fig. 17, 20), ocellar triangle (Fig. 18). Lower frons black, with two large triangular patches of appressed silverish pilosity at eye margins (Fig. 22). Frontal index: 0.8 – 1.5 (avg = 1.1, n = 79). Antenna (Figs 13, 122) dark brown, only distal quarter of apical flagellomere snow white. Basal flagellomere subquadrate, apical flagellomere about 4.5 times longer than preceding flagellomere. Basal segment of palpus dark, with mixed whitish and brown pile, apical segment velvety brown (Fig. 26), Thorax (Figs 120, 123) black as in male, presutural area of scutum covered by medially divided golden area as in male, scales in presututal area of scutum elongate oval with apical tip (Fig. 35), in anterior part mixed with slightly dilated setulae inserted in globular basal structures (Fig. 39). Pile on postsutural area consisting mainly of long and more dilated setulae (Fig. 40). Scutellum (Fig. 120) with scattered silverish scales and four rather short yellowish to brown spines, medial spines barely reaching 1 / 3 of scutellar length at middle. Anterior spiracle oblong (Fig. 47), prealar prominence as in other species (cf. Figs 30 – 34). Wing (Fig. 67) uniformly brown infuscated, without yellowish transverse streak that is present in male. Bare areas limited, confined to basal cells, alula, very narrow longuitudinal stripe along middle of posterior cubital cell and at most small patch at base of anterior cubital cell. Calypter brown with long white marginal hairs (Fig. 46), halter as in Fig. 48 and its surface sensillae in Fig. 49. Legs black, tarsi covered with brownish pile (apical tarsomeres of fore tarsus in Fig. 50). Abdomen mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctate. Short appressed pile on abdominal tergites consisting of slender setulae inserted in globular structures (Fig. 41). Hair patches (Figs 120 – 121) represented by oblique stripes on tergites 3 – 4 and oval, ring-shaped spots on tergite 5. Female terminalia (Figs 124 – 127): Apical segment of cercus relatively short (Fig. 124), subgenital plate long and tapered distally as in other species (Fig. 127), genital furca (Figs 125 – 126) with large median aperture, differently concave posterior margin of frame and distinct prominences at inner base of posterolateral projections. Variation. Some variation was noted in females: a reddish brown spot above the antennae may be more or less distinct, the basal flagellomere may be reddish brown to dark brown and the posterior cubital cell may be rarely completely covered with microtrichia.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The characteristic pattern of the thorax and abdomen may be sometimes less distinct in older specimens. But then the males may be distinguished by the characteristric terminalia with species-specific aedeagal complex and the females by the conspicuously white marginal fringe of calypter in combination with the characteristically coloured last antennal flagellum.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 129 3, 218 Ƥ (including female lectotype and paralectotype). Oceania: Fidji (introd.). Oriental Region: Cambodia: Siem Reap: Angkor Thom. Indonesia: Java: Baros; Batavia [= Jakarta]; Batoerraden; Bibidjilan, Banten; Bogor [= Buitenzorg]; Depok; Djampang Mts.; Gunung Banter; Gunung Gedeh; Gunung Slamat; Jampang Tengah; Malang; Oengaran [= Ungaran]; Padang; Pelaboean Ratoe [= Pelabuhan Ratu]; Preanger [= Priangan]; Radjamandala; Semarang; Soekaboemi [= Sukabumi]; Tjiangsana; Tjibarangbang; Tjibodas, Tjiogreg; Tjimerang; Wynkoopsbay. Kalimantan: Barabei. Sumatra: Fort de Kock [= Bukitinggi]; Kambang; Medan; Padang Tarap; Tandjung; Tapanoeli. Sumbawa: Sepanjang. Laos: Bolikhamxai: Ban Nape. Malaysia: Pahang: Kuala Tembeling; Lata Lembik, Raub; Penang. Sabah: Danum Valley; Ranau; Poring. Sarawak: Mount Dulit [3 ° 20´N, 114 ° 09´E]; Selangor: Hulu Langat. Sembilan Islands: Lukut, Negri. Philippines: Palawan: Brooke´s Point, Tigoplan River; Porto Princessa; Tarumpitao. Singapore. Thailand: Chiang Mai: Don Inthanon; Khun Klang; Samoeng. Mae Hong Son: Ban Nam Rin, Nakhon Ratchasima: Khao Yai National Park. Trang: Khao Chong trail, near Forest Research Station. Vietnam: Nam Ha, Pulo Condore [= Con Dao]. Palaearctic Region: Japan (introd.). Data: from 24. i. to 31. xii. Examined specimens deposited in BMNH, BPBM, CAS, CNC, FSMU, IRSNB, MHC, MSNM, MMB, RMNH, SMF, USNM, ZMAN, ZMHB. We also examined 3 puparial exuviae (without cephalic capsule) pinned with emerged adults, labelled Batavia [= Jakarta, Java], April 1908, in ZMAN (cf. Figs 3 – 4). A female (Fig. 2 b) was photographed by N. Messina at Poring, Ranau District in Malaysian Sabah, in an ecotonal area of a lowland forest of Dipterocarpaceae, basking in sun on a leaf of Musa paradisiaca, June 10, 2008 at 8 a. m. (N. Messina, pers. comm., 2010).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF36FFAD8BA5FF45BE6CF7E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was recorded in the Oriental Region from Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia including Sabah and Sarawak, Singapore, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Sumbawa); it is apparently missing in western part of the Oriental Region (including India, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka) but its incidence in southern China is highly possible. The published records include localities from the Philippines (Walker 1856 a), Java and Sumatra (Fabricius 1805, Walker 1849, Gerstaecker 1857, Wulp 1881, de Meijere 1904, 1911, 1916 b, 1918, Enderlein 1914, Edwards 1915, Frey 1934, Lindner 1937), Kalimantan (de Meijere 1907), Sulawesi (Walker 1861 c), West Malaysia (Brunetti 1927), Sarawak (Walker 1856 b), Singapore (Walker 1858) and Thailand (Brunetti 1923). We can document the occurrence of this species in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam for the first time. In BMNH we found a female from Japan (Yokohama, 25. v. 1906, presented by Brunetti, B. M, 1927 – 184, identified by D. Hollis). It was probably introduced to Japan from the Oriental Region with some wood material (the larva was found under the bark of trees, see the Introduction). Likewise the occurrence of 3 specimens from Fiji (4. ii. 1954 2 Ƥ, 18. iv. 1954 1 3, H. W. Simmonds, in BMNH) indicates an introduction from the Oriental Region. Records from the Australasian Region published by Walker (1858, 1860, 1861 a, 1861 b, 1861 c, 1866) and van der Wulp (1898) belong actually to P. violacea (see Distribution of this species).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype, 3: " NE India, Meghalaya State, West Gard Hills, reg. Tura, 700 ± 100 m, N 25 ° 30.7 ' E 90 ° 13.9 ', 7. V. 1996, E. Jendek & O. Šauša leg. / HOLOTYPUS Ptilocera simplex Mason & Rozkošný det., 2009 ", in ZIB, terminalia in a plastic microvial on the same pin. Paratypes, 1 3, 2 Ƥ: " NE India, Gopaldhara, Darjeeling, 3440 - 4720 ft, 13. vii. 1914 1 Ƥ, 21. vii. 1914 13, H. Stevens, presented by Brunetti, B. M. 1927 - 186 ", in BMNH and " Thailand, Mae Hong Son Province, Pangmapha District, near Pha Mon waterfall, larva under bark, 2. x. 2004, 1 Ƥ emerged 17. v. 2005, D. Kovac ", in SMF. Condition: both flagella of the holotype glued on a label, apical part of the abdomen dissected.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male flagellomeres without any lateral projections, about distal third of the apical flagellomere snow-white. Female flagellomeres 2 – 5 with usual projections, last flagellomere completely snow white. Male terminalia species-specific, with slender and pointed posterolateral projections on aedeagal complex, abdomen with characteristic hair patches in both sexes.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 14, 68, 128, 130, 132 – 134). Length (mm): body 6.9 – 8.0 (n = 2), wing 6.9 (n = 1). Head. Upper frons with very short black hairs, lower frons with a small, triangular, whitish tomentose spot at each eye margin. Antenna (Figs 14, 130) black with snow white tip, scape unusually long, about three times as long as pedicel, flagellomeres simple, short densely haired, without slender lateral projections, ratio of flagellomere length from base is 0.8, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.0, 1.4, 1.4 and 4.0. Last flagellomere stout but tapered beyond middle and with pointed tip, white in apical third. Face shining black, covered with erect whitish hairs, hairs on facial tubercle below antennae sparser and shorter. Postocular area indistict in profile, only postgena narrowly prominent, covered with fairly long, white, erect hairs. Proboscis brown, stout, with sparse brownish hairs. Palpus brown, two-segmented. Thorax (Fig. 128) black, densely and finely punctate, with mainly blue to green shining scales especially distinct in presutural area of scutum except for a broad, medial, longitudinal band. Medial and lateral longitudinal stripes more distinct in postsutural area. Postpronotal callus mainly black with only small top brown, with erect black hairs at base; postalar callus black. Bare medial stripe on anepisternum long and polished, proepisternum with long black hairs. Scutellum with relatively sparse scales along margin, scutellar spines slender, medial pair as long as 0.4 – 0.5 length of scutellum at middle. Wing (Fig. 68) brown, covered with dense brown microtrichia, only alula mainly bare. Transverse yellowish stripe in middle indistinct or quite absent. Calypter black, densely haired with brown to black hairs along margin. Halter with yellowish stem and darkened knob. All legs including coxae and entire tarsi black, mid basitarsus markedly more slender than fore and hind basitarsus (as in other species of genus). Abdomen (Fig. 128) black with slightly bluish reflections, finely punctate, micropile dense and black dorsally and indistinct, pale on venter. Sparse rounded hair patches on tergite 4, silverish, paired, subtriangular hair patches distinct on tergite 5. Male terminalia (Figs 132 – 134): epandrium subquadrate, cerci only slightly reaching beyond proctiger (Fig. 134), genital capsule (Fig. 132) subquadrate, somewhat tapered proximally, medial process broadly spatulate, hind margin essentially truncate, gonostylus leaf-shaped. Posterolateral papillae without transverse ridges and basal hyaline spines but with a long, inwardly curved and distally pointed projection on outer side of each papilla (Fig. 133). Female (Figs 69, 129, 131, 135). Length (mm): body 7.1 – 8.2, wing 6.9 – 7.9 (n = 2). Head. Frons black, with brownish pile in the upper part and with two large subtriangular spots of whitish tomentum at eye margin below middle. Frontal index 1.2 (n = 2). Antenna (Fig. 131) dark brown or black, apical flagellomere completely snow white, barely twice as long as preceding one. Penultimate flagellomere unusually long, about 6.0 – 7.0 times as long as broad. Basal flagellomere longer than broad. Proboscis short, brown, covered by brown pile. Palpus two-segmented, apical segment oval, large and compressed, velvety rusty brown. Postocular area with appressed pile along eye margin. Thorax (Fig. 129) black as in male, densely and finely punctate, scutum entirely covered by very short and fine black pile and with shining iridescent scales covering presutural area of scutum as in male but medial and lateral stripes broader and more distinct than in male. Scutellum (Fig. 129) with silverish to violet scales along broad margin. Four, stout, yellowish scutellar spines shorter than in male, medial spines only about 0.2 times as long as scutellum at middle. Wing (Fig. 69) mostly covered with dense microtrichia, particularly dark in the basal radial and median cells, transverse yellowish streak in middle absent. Calypter brown with whitish marginal fringe. Halter with darkened knob and brownish stem. Legs black with pale brownish haired tarsi. Abdomen (Fig. 129) mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctate. Large paired hair patches distinct on tergites 3 – 5, those on tergite 5 transverse, almost suboblong. Genital furca (Fig. 135) pointed proximally, with a large median aperture and usual posterolateral projections, posterior middle incision of frame shallow.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name simplex refers to the simple male antenna without any projections on the flagellum.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	description	Variation. Considering the limited material available, only small differences in the extent of abdominal hair patches were recorded in both sexes.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	discussion	Remark. The description of the female is based on the specimen collected in association with a male in the same locality in NE India: Gopaldhara, Darjeeling.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 3 and 3 Ƥ (type series).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF35FFB38BA5F93EB954F01B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northeastern India and North Thailand.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. P. smaragdina: The female holotype is deposited in BMNH and labelled: " Type / Philippine Is., Purchased Cumming. / One of Walkers series so named / Holotype [in red circle], HOLOTYPE Ptilocera smaragdina Walker, det. J. E. Chainey 1982 / HOLOTYPUS Ƥ Ptilocera smaragdina Walker, 1849: 525, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det., 2009 ". Condition: left flagellum absent and right flagellum partly missing, mid left leg absent, right wing broken at costal vein. P. smaragdina Snellen van Vollenhoven: Location of syntypes unknown (see Remarks).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Antenna completely brown to black in both sexes. Male abdomen with only two very small hair patches on tergite 4 and transversely subtriangular patches on tergite 5. Female usually with extensively reduced wing mictrotrichia as in P. continua but relatively narrow and longitudinal hair patches on tergites 3 and 4; tergite 5 with transversely subtriangular or almost linear patches.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 70, 136 – 141): Length (mm): body 8.7 – 9.5 (n = 5), wing 8.5 – 9.0 (n = 5) Head. Lower frons shining black, only slightly testaceous near bases of antennae, with small, reverse heart-shaped, finely divided medially, silverish tomentose spots along each eye margin. Antenna (Fig. 137) completely brown to black, basal flagellomere longer than broad, sometimes reddish brown. Apical flagellomere long, about 5.0 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Palpus brown, with apical segment distally truncate and brown haired. Thorax (Fig. 136) black, finely punctate, scutum covered with short black pile and shining purple to bluishgreen, green and silverish scales arranged into four longitudinal stripes. Medial pair reaching to transverse suture but lateral pair continuing to base of scutellum. Scutellum (Fig. 136) margined with iridescent scales, with brown and slightly upturned spines, medial spines as long as 0.4 – 0.5 of scutellar length at middle. Wing (Fig. 70) with distal half somewhat less infuscated than proximal half, pale transverse streak in middle of wing reaching from costa to lower margin of discal cell, relatively broad. Proximal part of axillary cells and basal half of alula bare. Calypter brown, with dense brown hairs along margin. Legs brown and brownish haired but slender basitarsus of mid leg often yellowish. Abdomen (Fig. 136) black, finely punctate, paired small hair patches present on tergite 4, tergite 5 with two well separated subtriangular to transverse patches. Male terminalia (138 – 141): tergites 6 – 8 as in Fig. 138, epandrium subquadrate (Fig. 141), medial process of genital capsule gently concave (Fig. 139), posterolateral papillae on aedeagal complex rather short, without transverse ridge but with a group of small, hyaline and flattened spines at base (Fig. 140). Female (Figs 27 – 29, 34, 42, 71, 142 – 153). Length (mm): body 6.0 – 10.7 (n = 9), wing: 5.9 – 9.0 (n = 9) Head. Tomentose patches at inner eye margin as in other species. Frontal index: 0.8 – 1.5 (avg = 1.2, n = 8). Antenna (Figs 144 – 145) completely black, lateral projections on flagellomeres 3 and 4 usually paler. Basal flagellomere slightly broader than long, sometimes reddish brown, apical flagellomere about 4 – 5 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Palpus large and dark brown, two-segmented (Fig. 27). Scutum (Figs 142 – 143) black, densely punctate, with short pile, covered with metallic iridescent appressed scales (Fig. 42). In dorsolateral view relatively broad longitudinal stripes more or less visible although only indistinctly separated in presutural area. Scutellum covered with relatively sparse scales and with four stout but short, brown to yellow spines, medial spines only 0.2 – 0.3 times as long as scutellum at middle. Anepisternum with fairly large bare area (Fig. 28), prealar prominence as in other species (Figs 28 – 29, 34). Wing membrane (Fig. 71) bare on alula, proximal part of anal cell, extensive central part of posterior cubital cell and base of anterior cubital cell. Transverse yellowish streak in middle of wing moderately distinct but less conspicuous than in male. Calypter brown, with wooly, white (rarely blackish) marginal fringe. Legs mainly black, only middle and hind basitarsi yellow. Abdomen black, with black, bluish or violet reflections, finely punctate, tergites 3 and 4 usually with well defined subrectangular to narrow and longitudinally oriented hair patches, tergite 5 with two usually transverse and narrow to subtriangular patches at anterior margin (Figs 142 – 143, 148 – 153). Genital furca as in Figs 146 – 147. Variation. In the female the first and second flagellomeres may be ochre yellow to dark brown, the tips of the scutellar spines also vary from yellow to dark brown as well as the colour of basitarsus on the mid and hind leg. The reduction of microtrichia on the female wing membrane is usually as extensive as in the females of P. c o n t i - nua. The yellowish transverse streak at the middle of the wing is more or less distinct and also the shape of the abdominal hair patches varies in both sexes. Rarely the female hair fringe along the margin of the calypter may be darkened. In extreme cases the hair pattern on tergite 4 may resemble that of P. c o n t i n u a (cf. Figs 148 – 153).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The synonymy of P. smaragdina and P. smaragdifera proposed here is based on a comparison of the type material of both species and fixed by the lectotype designation of P. smaragdifera. Walker´s (1859) superficial original description of P. smaragdifera is based on a male but Brunetti (1923) stated that only 2 females (identified probably by Walker) were available in BMNH in reasonable condition and J. E. Chainey labelled them as syntypes of P. smaragdifera in 1982 (cf. Woodley 2001: 136). Recently we found in the BMNH a third female collected also at Macassar [= Ujung Pandang] by A. R. Wallace (see Material examined).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 38 3, 40 Ƥ (including 3 female type specimens). Indonesia: Sulawesi: Macassar [= Ujung Pandang], 1 Ƥ, A. R. Wallace, in BMNH. Kendari, iv. 1874 3 3, 1 Ƥ, O. Beccari, in MSNG. Utara, Mage Dumoga National Park, Torant Base camp, 200 m, Project Wallace 1985, 15. v. 1985 1 Ƥ, M. R. Wilson, in BMNH. Lueuk Bunga, Malaise trap, 300 m, 1. xi. 1989 1 Ƥ, C. V. Achterberg, in RMNH. Philippines: Leyte: Utap, 30. xii. 1957 1 m, in BPBM. Luzon: Los Banos, viii. 1916 2 Ƥ, F. X. Williams, in BPBM; 2 Ƥ, P. I. Baker, in MSNM. Manila, 11. iv. 1918 2 3, 4 Ƥ, 15. ix. 1918 4 3, 15. x. 1918 17 3, 13 Ƥ, 15. xi. 1918 13, 2 Ƥ, 5. vi. 1919 1 Ƥ, 11. vi. 1919 4 3; all Mc Gregor, all in MSNM. Mt. Makiling, 1 Ƥ, Baker, in USNM; 30. iv. 1968 1 Ƥ, M. D. Delfinado; Dalton Pass, 915 m, Nueva Vizcaya, 9. – 10. iv. 1968 1 3, D. E. Hardy; all in BPBM. Mindanao: Butuan, 1 3, McGregor; Cotabato Province, Polo near base of Mt. Matutum, 600 m, 14. viii. 1958 1 m, H. E. Milliron, in BPBM. Davao, 1 Ƥ, P. I. Baker; both in MSNM. Negros Or.: Basig, 16. xii. 1959 1 f, L. W. Quate, in BPBM. Masbate: Moboarea, 28. xii. 1986 1 Ƥ, C. K. Starr, 1 Ƥ, in USNM. Papua New Guinea: New Britain: Bismarck I., Yalon, 1000 m, 20. v. 1962 1 3, 2 Ƥ, Noona Dan Expedition 1961 – 1963, in ZMUC. Keravat, 23. – 30. vi. 1965 3 3, R. W. Crosskey; Mosa, Palm Oil Plantation near Hoskins, 0 – 200 m, January 1969 1 3, Mrs. J. E. Benson, B. M. 1970 – 162; all in BMNH. Gazelle Peninsula, Gaulim, 140 m, 21. – 27. x. 1962 1 3, 1 Ƥ, 19. – 20. xi. 1962 1 3 and 100 – 150 m, 20. – 28. xi. 1962, 1 Ƥ, all J. Sedlacek, all in BPBM.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF2BFFB18BA5FE65BA8FF08B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was described from the Philippines and later recorded in Sulawesi. Some earlier data concerning Ujung Pandang (Walker 1859), Sangir (de Meijere 1911), Latimodjonggebirge-Uru and Talassa (Maros) (Lindner 1935) from Sulawesi are probably correct. Records by Kertész (1916) from “ Borneo ” and Lindner (1935) from Bantimoeroeng in Sulawesi under “ smaragdifera ” refer actually to P. kerteszi sp. nov. A record from Sri Lanka (Wulp 1896) needs revision (the original documentary material was destroyed in Budapest in 1956). Surprisingly we recorded this species also in New Britain (Papua New Guinea), where it was probably introduced. A record of Ptilocera sp. by Kertész (1916: 206) from Neu-Pommern [= New Britain] very probably also refers to this species. Osten Sacken (1881) recorded about 30 specimens under P. smaragdina Snellen van Vollenhoven. In the original collection (MSNG) only 7 specimens were found in good condition, 4 of which from Kendari (Sulawesi) actually belong to P. smaragdina in the present concept (see Material examined) and 3 to P. violacea (see under this species).	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. The female holotype is deposited in BMNH and labelled: " Ptilocera violacea, Type Edw. / Dutch N. Guinea, Mimika River, viii. 1910, A. P. R. Wollaston, 1911 – 229. / Holotype [circular label with a red circle], HOLOTYPE Ptilocera violacea Edwards, det. J. E. Chainey 1982 / HOLOTYPE Ƥ Ptilocera violacea Edwards 1915: 394, F. Mason & R. Rozkošný det. 2009 ". Condition perfect, terminalia dissected and preserved in a microvial attached on the same pin. The original female paratype is provided with the same locality label.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pedicel and basal two flagellomeres reddish yellow to red in both sexes, female basal flagellomere usually broader than long, tip of female apical flagellomere whitish. Apical flagellomere about 4.0 times longer than preceding flagellomere in both sexes. Silverish hair patches on abdomen longitudinal on tergite 3 and transverse on tergite 5. Microtrichia on female wing at most slightly reduced on narrow longitudinal stripe in middle of posterior cubital cell, marginal fringe on female calypter white.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	description	Description. Male (Figs 72, 154, 156, 158 – 60). Length (mm): body 8.3 – 0.1, (n = 5), wing 5.9 – 8.0 (n = 5). Head. Antenna (Fig. 136) with scape brown to black, pedicel and basal two flagellomeres usually reddish yellow to red, apical flagellomere entirely black, about 4.0 times as long as preceding flagellomere. Basal flagellomere narrower than in female although only slightly longer than broad. Frons with two small subtriangular spots of silverish tomentum at inner eye margin. Face covered by fine erect silverish hairs except on medial tubercle. Proboscis brown, stout, with brownish pile. Second segment of palpus flattened, subtriangular. Thorax (Fig. 154) dark, densely and finely punctate, covered by very short black pile and moderately spaced metallic iridescent scales occupying presutural area of scutum except a broad medial stripe and distinct along whole notopleura to base of scutellum. Postpronotal callus brownish at top, postalar callus usually dark. Scutellar spines about as long as half length of scutellum, predominantly reddish yellow. Bare part of anepistenum confined to a spot at notopleural suture. Wing (Fig. 72) with transverse yellowish stripe extending from costa to lower margin of discal cell, wing membrane beyond it paler than in basal half. Halter with yellowish stem and darkened knob. Calypter with narrow blackish margin and dense brown marginal fringe. Legs and coxae brown to black, only mid and hind tarsi entirely ochre yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 154) black with light bluish to violet reflections, finely punctate, with fine micropile. White longitudinal hair patches present on tergite 3, bow-shaped along lateral and posterior margin of tergite 4 and in shape of transverse stripe (or two transverse spots) along anterior half of tergite 5. Sternites black, covered by inconspicuous silverish brown appressed pile. Male terminalia (Figs. 158 – 160): epandrium subquadrate (Fig. 159), medial process of genital capsule markedly bilobate (Fig. 158), bases of posterolateral papillae on aedeagal complex without transverse ridges but with numerous hyaline flat spines at bases, spines elongated on outer side (Fig. 160). Female (Figs 73, 155, 157, 161): Length (mm): body 8.5 – 10.5 (n = 5), wing 5.8 – 8.4 (n = 5). Head. Antenna (Fig. 157) predominantly dark brown, except snow white tip of apical flagellomere. Flagellomere 1 – 2 bright yellow to pale brown, both broader than long, all lateral antennal projections dark brown. Frons relatively deeply excavated in middle. Upper half of frons black, covered with short, erect and very dense black hairs. Lower half of frons shining black, paired, round or semicircular, silverish tomentose spots distinct on each side at eye margin below middle. Elevation above antennae with diffuse reddish patch. Face shining black, covered with silvery pile reduced on facial prominence. Proboscis short, brown, covered with brown pile. Basal segment of palpus sparsely whitish and brownish haired, apical segment rounded, velvety brown. Postocular area with appressed whitish velvety pile along eye margin. Thorax (Fig. 155) black as in male, densely and finely punctate, entirely covered by very short and fine pile and with mainly green to violet shining scales covering mainly prescutellar area of scutum. Relatively broad longitudinal medial stripes and longitudinal band between postpronotal and postalar callus more or less distinct. Scutellum with silver to violet scales along broad margin. Four short and stout spines mainly dark brown to black, barely as long as one-fourth of scutellar length at middle (Fig. 155). Wing (Fig. 73) with more or less distinct pale transverse streak, covered with dense microtrichia, darker in basal radial and medial cells. Microtrichia in posterior cubital cell reduced along narrow longitudinal medial stripe. Marginal hair fringe of calypter white. Legs black with brownish pile, only basal 2 tarsomeres of mid and hind legs more brownish. Abdomen mainly black, with bluish reflections, finely punctate. Narrow whitish hair patches oriented longitudinally on sides of tergites 2 – 4, transverse, medianly divided hair patch distinct on tergite 5 (Fig. 155). Genital furca (Fig. 161) with a large median aperture. Variation. The colour of the pedicel and basal two flagellomeres are usually bright red in both sexes but sometimes also the scape is reddish apically or the pedicel is darkened. A transverse yellowish stripe on the female wing can be slightly developed or quite absent. Microtrichia on the posterior cubital cell in the female are barely reduced, not nearly as extensively as in P. continua and P. smaragdina. Hair patches on the male tergites with a pale yellow to golden shade, those on tergite 4 confined to lateral markings or continuing along its posterior margin. The two transverse hair patches on female tergite 5 are sometimes reduced, and narrow.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Edwards (1915) designated two females from Mimika River as the holotype and paratype. He also mentioned 2 males and 1 female from the Aru Islands but he did not include them in the original type series. We examined a male which was erroneously labelled as a “ paratype ” of Ptilocera violacea Edwards by J. E. Chainey in 1982 and we can confirm that it is conspecific with the holotype. Edwards (1915) tried to distinguish the male of this species from P. smaragdifera (= P. smaragdina) by the kink at the base of the last flagellomere. However, we found that such a kink may also occur in some males of other species (e. g. P. continua, P. quadridentata and P. smaragdina) and apparently has no diagnostic value.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 15 3 and 16 Ƥ (including female holotype and paratype). Indonesia: Maluku, Kepulauan Aru, 1 3, A. R. Wallace, in BMNH (labelled as “ paratype ” by J. E. Chainey, see Remarks); 1 Ƥ, O. Beccari, in MSNG. Bacan, Kamping Wayamiga, 27. vii. 1981 1 Ƥ, A. C. Messer. Halmahera, Jailolo, Kampung Pasir Putih, 0 ° 53´N, 127 ° 41´E, 1. – 14. i. 1981 1 3, 15. – 31. i. 1981 1 3, A. C. Messer & P. M. Taylor; Pulau Tidore, Kampung Guaepaji, 5. – 10. vii. 1981 1 Ƥ, A. C. Messer; Irian Jaya: Dorey [= Dory near Manokwari], 1 Ƥ, A. R. Wallace, in BMNH. Hollandia [= Jayapura], January 1945 1 3, May 1945 1 Ƥ, B. Malkin; Maffin Bay, 10. vi. 1944 1 Ƥ, E. S. Ross; all in USNM. Ifar Gunung, 15. xii. 1957 1 3, G. den Hoed; Meja Reserve near Manokwari, 0 ° 52´S 134 ° 06´E, 16. xii. 1966 1 Ƥ, ZMAN Exp.; both in ZMAN. Papua New Guinea: Ramoi, 1873 1 3, 1 Ƥ, O. Beccari, in MSNG. Finschhafen, 13. xii. 1944 2 3, D. G. Hall, in USNM; 180 m, 16. iv. 1963 1 m, J. Sedlacek, in BPBM. Kokoda, 200 ft, v. 1933 1 3, 1 Ƥ, ix. – x. 1933 1 3; Aitape, 10. ix. 1936 1 Ƥ; all L. E. Cheesman; all in BMNH. Central Mts., Archbold Lake, 760 m, 26. xi. – 3. xii. 1961 1 f, S. Quate, in BPBM. Central District, Gaile Forest, 28 km SE of Port Moresby, 4. v. 1965 1 3, R. W. Crosskey, in BMNH. Avar bush, st. 1071, 11. v. 1982 1 Ƥ, P. Grootaert, in IRSNB. Tikeling nr. Buso River, 20 km E Lae, lowland rainforest, 17. vii. 1999 1 Ƥ, Yeates et al., in USNM. Tsenga, 1200 m, Upper Gimi Valley, 15. vii. 1955 1 3, J. L. Gressit; Wau, 1200, 15. x. 1965 1 3, 1 Ƥ, 15. xii. 1965 1 3, J. & M. Sedlacek, all in BPBM.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
D10887FCDF29FFB78BA5FD95BEB7F0B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Apparently only found in the Australasian Region from Maluku to Irian Jaya and Papua New Guinea. Described from Irian Jaya (Mimika River) and also recorded from Kepualan Aru [Maluku] (Edwards 1915) and Klamono Oil-Fields [Irian Jaya] (Lindner 1957), both in Indonesia. P. v i o l a c e a was apparently misinterpreted as P. quadridentata in all papers concerning the Australasian Region published by F. Walker from Indonesia: Aru and Maluku (Walker 1858), Amboina [= Ambon] (Walker 1860), Batchian [= Bacan] and Kaisaa [= Kajoa Island] (Walker 1861 c); Gilolo [= Halmahera], Ceram [= Seram] (Walker 1861 b); Irian Jaya: Dorey [= Dory near Manokwari] (Walker 1861 a); Salwatty [= Salavati] (Walker 1866). According to present information (e-mail from N. Wyatt, 20 November 2010) no specimens from the Australasian Region are placed under P. quadridentata in the BMNH. Some specimens from the Australasian Region identified originally by F. Walker were identified as P. violacea already by Edwards (1915). They all were collected by A. R. Wallace and partly also confirmed by our recent revision (see a male from Kepulauan Aru and a female from Dory in Irian Jaya). Data on P. smaragdina Snellen van Vollenhoven by Osten-Sacken (1881) from Maluku: Amboina (= Ambon), Ternate Island and New Guinea apparently belonged also to P. violacea (we found 3 specimens in the original collection [MSNG], see Material examined). Likewise, specimens recorded as P. quadridentata from Papua New Guinea by van der Wulp (1898) (Friedrich Wilhelmshafen [= Madang] and Erima in Astrolabe Bay) were evidently conspecific with P. violacea. Wulp´s original material had been deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest but was destroyed by fire in 1956. A record from Manokwari (Irian Jaya) was published by de Meijere (1906) under P. fastuosa (= P. c o n t i n u a) and Lindner (1938) mentioned Wewak and Aitape in Papua New Guinea under the same name.	en	Mason, Franco, Rozkošný, Rudolf (2011): A review of the Oriental and Australasian Ptilocera species (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Zootaxa 3007: 1-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.278481
