taxonID	type	description	language	source
D70087A1E7284C17FF6203D9134259F5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial in semihumid and semideciduous forests; 350 – 3000 m. Notes: — Anemia australis is a diploid with normal sexual reproduction (Mickel 2016). It differs from A. tomentosa var. anthriscifolia by having less divided sterile blades (strictly 2 - pinnate vs. up to 2 - pinnate-pinnatifid) with more obtuse pinnules, the fertile pinnae distant from the sterile ones (vs. emerging at the base of the fertile ones), usually shorter (vs. longer) than the sterile ones, and usually placed more closely to horizontal.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7284C17FF6200A515815895.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Locally fairly common; on rocks and in rock crevices, sandstone massifs; 400 – 1000 m. Notes: — Anemia millefolia (Gardner) C. Presl, from Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, and central Brazil, may occur in Bolivia. It differs from A. buniifolia by having strictly pinnate blades, subsessile (vs. stalked) fertile pinnae, and stiff, moniliform (vs. lax, cylindrical) rhizome hairs.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7284C17FF62064515D45FED.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Uncommon; on steep banks; 600 – 550 m. Notes: — There is variation throughout the range in the orientation of the fertile pinnae; Bolivian specimens have horizontal to inclined fertile pinnae (Mickel 2016).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7284C17FF62069D14EF5EC5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Locally fairly common; on sandstone rocks on the Precambrian Shield (Alves & Kolbek 1993); 500 – 1300 m. Notes: — Leaves small, 1 – 2 cm long, nearly sessile, forming a flat rosette.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7284C17FF6207F514CC5D89.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial in sunny places, open woods, clearings, rocky slopes, and clay banks in semihumid forests; to 2450 m. Notes: — The Bolivian specimens are assigned to var. ferruginea. Known to hybridize with A. flexuosa (Mickel 2016, citing Buchtien 794, BM, F, G, K, NY, S, US). Compared to A. tomentosa, A. ferruginea has a more coriaceous lamina texture, on average longer fertile pinnae (much longer than the sterile blades), and more slender, typically darker (dark purplish) petioles, but all these characters vary to some degree.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7284C16FF6204B1123E5A65.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial in thickets or open semihumid forests, on open soil and rocks on slopes and clay banks; 400 – 3000 m. This species, along with Anemia phyllitidis, produce antheridiogens, plant hormones that induce adjacent gametophytes to form male antheridia instead of female archegonia (Schraudolf 1964, Yamane et al. 1987). Notes: — A variable species, with blades ranging from 1 - pinnate-pinnatifid (thus approaching A. villosa) to 2 - pinnate-pinnatifid. Anemia villosa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. has been cited for Bolivia (Smith et al. 1999), but specimens in herbaria identified as this are now considered A. flexuosa. In Brazil, A. villosa is a very variable species that may involve polyploidy (Mickel 2016: 92). It is known to hybridize with other species of Anemia, e. g., A. ferruginea and A. flexuosa (Mickel 2016). From A. flexuosa, the most similar species in Bolivia, A. villosa differs by having less dissected sterile pinnae (crenate to pinnatisect, not cut to the costae, vs. usually fully dissected to the costae) and fertile pinnae usually longer than the sterile blade (vs. usually shorter). May also be confused with A. tomentosa.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF62031517E75961.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Fairly common; terrestrial in semideciduous forests; to 1500 m. Notes: — Differs from A. phyllitidis by much shorter and relatively broader (width-to-length ratio 1: 1.1 – 1: 2.5 vs. 1: 3 – 1: 5) pinnae with more rounded apices, ill-defined (vs. well-defined) costae, and less frequently anastomosing venation.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF62000917C958B5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Uncommon; terrestrial in dry, grassy areas, on open slopes, and on road banks and roadsides; 500 – 1750 m. Notes: — A variable, widespread, tetraploid species, of variable size, pinnae nearly undivided to deeply lobed or lacerate, and blade shape oblong to deltate. Differs from Anemia hispida by the broader, mostly deeply incised (even lacerate) sterile pinnae (vs. crenulate or denticulate, rarely with a few deep lobes), and more narrowly cuneate pinna segments. Hybridizes with A. hispida, A. phyllitidis, and other species, especially in Mexico and Brazil (Mickel 2016). Sundue & Nee 691 (UC), without fertile pinnae, was identified by Mickel (2013) as A. hirsuta × hispida, but this appears to us to be typical A. hirsuta. Bolivian collections previously determined as Anemia wettsteinii Christ are now considered other species, e. g., A. hirsuta.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF620665155B5FB1.taxon	description	Range: — Jamaica, Mexico to Colombia, Guianas, Trinidad, Bolivia (LP, SC), and Brazil.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF620665155B5FB1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Fairly common; terrestrial in dry rocky places or in forest clearings; 350 – 1850 m. Notes: — Most similar to Anemia hirsuta, which has more highly dissected sterile pinnae. Hybridizes with A. hirsuta and A. phyllitidis (Mickel 2016).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF620759157A5DE1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Uncommon; terrestrial in semihumid to dry forests, often on rocky slopes; 500 – 2000 m. Notes: — Similar to Anemia oblongifolia (Cav.) Sw., under which it has historically been subsumed. Anemia oblongifolia is now accorded a range from Honduras to Panama, Colombia to Guyana, and Brazil, and is not known from Bolivia (Mickel 2016). The outer sterile leaves of A. humilis often have very short petioles and form a rosette. Anemia presliana Prantl was treated by Mickel (2016) as occurring in Bolivia, and distinct from A. humilis, and A. presliana has approximately the same range. Specimens determined as A. presliana from Bolivia by Mickel (e. g., Buchtien 7023, UC; Mickel cited Buchtien 2023, UC, probably a typographical error, and from the same locality) seem indistinguishable to us from those determined as A. humilis by Mickel. For now, we exclude A. presliana, the more recent name, from the fern flora of Bolivia.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C16FF62048916645C81.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Local and uncommon; terrestrial, saxicolous on sandstone outcrops, alongside A. elegans; 500 – 1200 m. Notes: — Similar, and related, to Anemia trichorhiza Gardner, from southwestern Brazil and Paraguay. The fertile pinnae are held horizontally (not upright as in most other species); blades are coriaceous, almost glabrous adaxially and lanose abaxially.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E7294C11FF6205A915575A41.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Locally common; terrestrial; 1950 – 3000 m. Notes: — Distinguished by the fine blade dissection, heavy indument, and occurrence at higher elevations than most other Bolivian species of Anemia.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E72E4C11FF620369145959F1.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial on rocky slopes and ravine banks, in and at the edge of semihumid forests; to 2200 m. Notes: — Variable, likely comprises a species complex; the Bolivian specimens are assigned to var. phyllitidis. Three other varieties are known, all from adjacent countries: var. fraxinifolia (Raddi) Hassl. from Brazil, var. pluripinnae Mickel from southern Brazil, Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina, and var. tweedieana (Hook.) Hassl. from southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and northern Argentina (Mickel 2016). Hybridizes with A. herzogii, A. hirsuta, and A. hispida, and perhaps other species, but the only hybrid reported from Bolivia is with A. herzogii (Mickel 2016: Nee 33407, NY). May be confused only with A. herzogii in Bolivia.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E72E4C11FF620099122158ED.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Ecological data not known in Bolivia, one collection cited by Mickel (2016): Buchtien 4220 (F, US); terrestrial, rocky hillsides among sandstone rocks in Brazil; 700 – 1900 m (Brazil). Notes: — Resembling Anemia humilis, but fronds subsessile, in flatter rosettes, with small fronds 1.5 – 8 cm (vs. 5 – 10 cm), and reddish orange (vs. orange) rhizome hairs. The blades are not markedly reduced proximally.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E72E4C11FF62019D13A65FC5.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Very local; terrestrial in thickets and semihumid forests; 400 m. Notes: — Closely allied to Anemia clinata (Mickel 2016), differing from that in having sessile or subsessile fertile pinnae, or petiolate less than 2 mm (vs. usually petiolate to 1 / 5 the length of the fertile pinnae).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E72E4C11FF6206F513405D51.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial in deciduous to semideciduous forests, often on rocky slopes; to 3200 m. Has abundant essential oils with mycotoxic properties (Pinto et al. 2009). Notes: — Variable, probably comprising a species complex, the elements differing in part by different ploidy levels. Spores are often abnormally developed (Giacosa 2014). Variety anthriscifolia (Schrad.) Mickel, the only variety in Bolivia, is triploid, with apogamic reproduction (Mickel 2016). Mickel (2016) recognized two other varieties: var. tomentosa (C. Presl) Mickel from Mexico, Hispaniola, Colombia, and Venezuela, and var. tomentosa from southeastern Brazil, Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and Uruguay. There is considerable variation in plant size, rhizome length, petiole color and thickness, relative length of the fertile pinnae, and laminar dissection.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
D70087A1E72E4C10FF620593169E5B9D.taxon	description	Anemia villosa is locally common at 900 – 2650 m from Colombia to Guianas, Peru, and eastern Brazil, and certainly could occur in Bolivia.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XIII. Anemiaceae. Phytotaxa 329 (1): 80-86, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.329.1.5
