identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D721670C1D74646FFF46FB0E2A0CFADF.text	D721670C1D74646FFF46FB0E2A0CFADF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphosia Hampson 1903	<div><p>Genus Anaphosia Hampson, 1903</p><p>Anaphosia Hampson, 1903, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7), 11 (64): 344.</p><p>Type species: Anaphosia cyanogramma Hampson, 1903, by monotypy (Hampson 1903)</p><p>Diagnosis. The genus comprises characteristic and spectacular species, which are the largest footman moths on the African continent. Members of Anaphosia (Figs 1–8) are superficially similar to the genus Carcinopodia Hampson, 1900 (Figs 15, 16) but the latter is significantly smaller and has a shiny forewing ground colour with a metallic tint, which is matte creamy white in Anaphosia . The male genital capsules of the two genera are similar (Figs 9–11, 17) but in Anaphosia, the uncus is laterally flattened (whereas it is swollen, proximally dilated and rather dorso-ventrally flattened in Carcinopodia), the vinculum has a short saccus (absent in Carcinopodia), the juxta has a shallow ventral medial depression (it is deep and subdivides the juxta into two plates fused only dorsally in Carcinopodia), and the lamella centralis is long, almost reaching the sacculus ventrally, bearing a swollen setose process proximally (which is short and smooth in Carcinopodia). The phallus of Anaphosia is similar to Carcinopodia but in the latter its distal end is dilated and expandable whereas in Anaphosia, the phallus is evenly sclerotised with a narrow distal end. The vesica of Anaphosia is broader than in Carcinopodia and lacks the elasma. In the female genitalia, Anaphosia (Figs 12–14) differs from Carcinopodia (Fig. 18) in the 8 th tergum not protruding ventrally (in Carcinopodia, it is protruded ventrally as two lateral setose lobes enveloping the postvaginal area), the corpus bursae bearing two long ribbon-like signa equal in length ( Carcinopodia has a short ribbon-like signum dorsally and a second, elliptical signum ventrally), and the longer and helicoid appendix bursae, which is short and more or less conical in Carcinopodia .</p><p>Re-description. Adults (Figs 1–8). Forewing length 18.0–21.0 mm in males and 21.5–24.5 mm in females. Sexual dimorphism limited and expressed only in larger size of female. Antenna blackish, weakly ciliate in both sexes with sparser ciliae in female. Head creamy with admixture of ochreous scales. Thorax blackish dorsally and with creamy margins, tegula and patagia creamy. Forewing elongate and narrow, with slightly convex costal margin. Forewing pattern black with a bluish iridescence in fresh specimens, consisting of edge of costal margin, cilia and anal margin with exception of subbasal area, medial (absent in A. majori) and postmedial transverse lines, and two longitudinal lines in postmedial area arising from the latter. Hindwing pale ochreous-yellow. Abdomen pale ochreous-yellow.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 9–11). Uncus laterally flattened, with slightly convex dorsal margin, distally tapered, apically pointed, and medio-laterally setose. Tegumen short with fused dorsal halves of its arms. Tuba analis membranous with thin and weakly sclerotised scaphium. Vinculum somewhat longer than tegumen, ventrally V-shaped with short saccus. Valva lobular with almost straight dorsal and medially convex ventral margins. Costa moderately broad and with indistinct distal end; valva apex lobe-like with valvella not protruding beyond its ventral margin. Editum short, thin, not extending into tendon. Diaphragmal part of transtilla membranous. Annelifer broad with medial fold fused with lateral wall of anellus. Lamella centralis well-developed, more or less triangular and ventrally tapered, and with setose swollen protrusion proximally. Sacculus relatively narrow, with setose dorsal margin and short, narrow spike-like distal process not protruding beyond the valva apex. Juxta weakly sclerotised, pentagonal with shallow ventral medial depression. Phallus straight, cylindrical, heavily sclerotised and with slightly dilated anterior end. Vesica broad, more or less globular, curved latero-dorsad, with narrow cluster of fine graniculi proximally, broad triangular cluster of robust graniculi medially, and two diverticula dorsally, of which inner one short and globular while dorsal one conical or utricular. Vesica ejaculatorius originates from medial part of vesica laterally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 12–14). Papilla analis weakly sclerotised and setose, trapezoidal with rounded corners. Gonapophyses elongate and thin, anterior one shorter than posterior one. Glandula short, trapezoidal with short lateral arms. Postvaginal area membranous and weakly setose. Postvaginal plate more or less shield-like and with medio-posterior protrusion or incision. Ductus bursae elongate, heavily sclerotised, dorso-ventrally flattened. Corpus bursae broad, globular, membranous with gelatinous and rugose posterior end, bearing two oblique longitudinal ribbon-like signa dorsally and ventrally. Appendix bursae originating postero-laterally on the right side, narrow and helicoid, with weakly gelatinous and rugose proximal section and membranous distal section.</p><p>Distribution. Species of the genus are widely distributed in East and eastern-Central Africa, and two of them ( A. cyanogramma and A. smithi sp. n.) have ranges extensively overlapping in Zambia. Both species are typical of Miombo woodland (Fig. 22) but based on personal observations by the senior author, in areas of sympatric occurrence, A. smithi sp. n. tends to inhabit slopes at higher altitudes (Figs 20, 21) while A. cyanogramma prefers more lowland habitats (Fig. 22).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D721670C1D74646FFF46FB0E2A0CFADF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Takano, Hitoshi	Volynkin, Anton V., Takano, Hitoshi (2024): Taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Anaphosia Hampson with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 391-403, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.24, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.24
D721670C1D776468FF46F9AD2F5FFC4B.text	D721670C1D776468FF46F9AD2F5FFC4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphosia cyanogramma Hampson 1903	<div><p>Anaphosia cyanogramma Hampson, 1903</p><p>(Figs 1–3, 9, 12)</p><p>Anaphosia cyanogramma Hampson, 1903, Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7), 11 (64): 344 (Type locality: [Zimbabwe] “ Mashonaland, Mpodzi River ”).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype (by monotypy) (Fig. 1): male, “ Mpodzi R. | 3000 ft | Manica | Nov. 1901 | G.A.K. Marshall. | 1902–57.” / ‘ Anaphosia | cyanogramma | type ♂. Hmpsn.” / red ring “Type” label / QR-code label with unique ID “ NHMUK 010916160 ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Additional material examined. ETHIOPIA: 1 female, Abyssinia, Debramarkos, 18.v.[19]30, R . E. Cheeseman. B.M. 1931-78. (NHMUK) ; TANZANIA: 1 female, Région de M’Pala, Tanganika, R . P. Guíllemé / Ex Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-4. (NHMUK) ; 1 female, Rukwa Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.260683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.3522" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.260683/lat -8.3522)">Kalambo Forest Reserve</a>, 1600m, 08°21.132'S, 31°15.641'E, 10.xi.2007, Ph. Darge leg. (ZSM) ; ZAMBIA: 1 male, 1420m, Chilambwe Falls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.726389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.836945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.726389/lat -9.836945)">Kafubu River</a>, 09°50'13''S, 30°43'35''E, 8–9.xi.[20]14, light trap, Smith [R.], Takano [H.] &amp; Oram [D.] leg., gen. prep. No.: AV7258 ♂ (ANHRT); 1 female, 1191m, Kasanka</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.234722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.573055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.234722/lat -12.573055)">River Pontoon</a>, Kasanka NP, 12°34'23''S, 30°14'05''E, 2–4.xii.[20]12, light trap, Smith, R . &amp; Takano, H. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV7259 ♀ (ANHRT); 1 female, 1346m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=25.480556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.911666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 25.480556/lat -11.911666)">Kambishi School</a>, 11°54'42''S, 25°28'50''E, 10–13.xi.2017, MV light trap, Carter, M., Lloyd, A., Miles, W., Oram, D., Smith, R . leg. (ANHRT); 7 males, 3 females, 1250m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.4625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.678056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.4625/lat -10.678056)">Muchinga Prov.</a>, Benyanga village, 10°40'41''S, 33°27'45''E, 07– 12.xii.2023, MV light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT); 1 male, 1440m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.24167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.450277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.24167/lat -10.450277)">Muchinga Prov.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.24167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.450277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.24167/lat -10.450277)">Kahbaira Hill</a>, 10°40'37''S 33°28'11''E, 09–11.xii.2023, actinic light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT); 1 male, 1400m, Muchinga Province, Jombo village, 10°27'01''S, 33°14'30''E, 30.xi.–05.xii.2023, MV light trap, Bashford, M., Collins, A., László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT); 1 male, 1 female, 1460m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.291666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.451667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.291666/lat -12.451667)">Muchinga Prov.</a>, Mutinondo Wilderness Area, 12°27'06''S, 31°17'30''E, 15–17.xii.2023, MV light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT); 1 female, NW Rhodesia: Solwezi, 28.xi.1917, H.C. Dollmann (NHMUK); 1 female, Kayambi, Ubemba, R . P. Guíllemé, 1908 / Ex Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-4. (NHMUK); DRC: 1 male, SE Katanga, 8.xii.1907, 4000 ft. / Neave Coll., 1907–230 (NHMUK); 1 female, Likosi, Belgian Congo / Doncaster private coll. Purch. 1927 (OUMNH); ZIMBABWE: 1 male, Marandellas, S. Rhodesia / Rothschild Bequest, B.M. 1939-1, unique ID: NHMUK010292519, gen. prep. No.: NHMUK014331141 (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK).</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 18.0–20.0 mm in males and 22.5–24.0 mm in females. The species is externally reminiscent of A. smithi sp. n. and the detailed comparison is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p><p>Distribution. Currently known from Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Ethiopia, south-eastern DRC and Rwanda (Ströhle 2018: fig. 10). As this species has previously been confused with the sympatric A. smithi sp. n., records from the literature, for example, from Malawi by Joly et al. (2008) and Mozambique by Pinhey (1975) are unreliable and require clarification. Pinhey (1975: pl. 42, fig. 756) correctly illustrated an A. cyanogramma specimen but without providing any geographical information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D721670C1D776468FF46F9AD2F5FFC4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Takano, Hitoshi	Volynkin, Anton V., Takano, Hitoshi (2024): Taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Anaphosia Hampson with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 391-403, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.24, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.24
D721670C1D73646AFF46FF632FE6FD9B.text	D721670C1D73646AFF46FF632FE6FD9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphosia smithi Volynkin & Takano 2024	<div><p>Anaphosia smithi sp. n.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 74138013-E64A-484F-BA00-4F0A530C9184</p><p>(Figs 4–6, 10, 13)</p><p>Type material. Holotype (Figs 4, 10): male, “ Zambia 1437m | <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.170279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.6/lat -11.170279)">Kapishya Hot Springs</a>, | Shiwa N'gandu Estate | 11°10'13''S, 31°36'00''E | 22.xi.–8.xii.2015 Light Trap | Smith, R., Takano, H., | Oram, D. Leg. | ANHRT:2017.15” / “ANHRTUK | 00160321” / “Slide | AV7260 ♂ | A. Volynkin ” (ANHRT).</p><p>Paratypes (19 males, 19 females). DRC: 1 male, 1 female, Zaire River exped., Fungurume nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.25/lat -10.616667)">Kolwezi</a>, 26°15'E, 10°37'S, x.1974, S.L. Sutton, B.M. 1975-229 / Brachystegia savannah woodland, unique IDs: NHMUK010914660, NHMUK010914661 , gen. prep. Nos.: NHMUK010313113 (male) , NHMUK010313114 (female) (prepared by Krüger) (NHMUK); TANZANIA: 1 male, 1 female, Région de M’Pala, Tanganika, R . P. Guíllemé / Ex Oberthür Coll., Brit. Mus. 1927-4, unique IDs: NHMUK010916172, NHMUK010916173 , gen. prep. Nos.: NHMUK010317583 (male) , NHMUK010317584 (female) (prepared by Volynkin) (NHMUK); 1 male, Rukwa Region, Mbizi Mts, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=8.315416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.9783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 8.315416/lat -31.9783)">Kalambazite</a>, 1610m, 31°58.698'S, 08°18.925'E, 12.xi.2005, Ph. Darge leg. (ZSM) ; 1 female, Rukwa Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.9083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.454817" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.9083/lat -7.454817)">14 km W Namanyere</a>, 1290m, 07°27.289'S, 30°54.498'E, 14.xi.2005, Ph. Darge leg. (ZSM) ; ZAMBIA: 2 males, 7 females, same data as holotype (ANHRT); 2 females, same locality as previous but xii.[20]14, M. T . Harvey coll., leg. Smith, R. &amp; Takano, H. (ANHRT) ; 1 male, 1420m, Chilambwe Falls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=30.726389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.836945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 30.726389/lat -9.836945)">Kafubu River</a>, 09°50'13''S, 30°43'35''E, 8–9.xi.[20]14, light trap, Smith [R.], Takano [H.] &amp; Oram [D.] leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 female, 1080m, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=26.063055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.9152775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 26.063055/lat -14.9152775)">Mayukuyuku</a>, Kafue NP, 14°54'55''S, 26°03'47''E, 21– 26.xi.[20]13, light trap, Smith [R.], Takano [H.] &amp; Oram [D.] leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 male, 1166m, Ntumbachushi Falls, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=28.944443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.853333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 28.944443/lat -9.853333)">Ngona River</a>, Luapula Prov., 09°51'12''S, 28°56'40''E, 3–4.xi.[20]14, light trap, Smith [R.], Takano [H.] &amp; Oram [D.] leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 female, 1140m, Kalene Hill (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.20139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.186389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.20139/lat -11.186389)">Miombo</a> woodland), 11°11'11''S, 24°12'05''E, 27.xi.–3.xii.2020, MV light trap, Chizuwa, D., Choongo, W. leg. (ANHRT) ; 3 males, 1 female, same locality as previous but 6.xi.2018, Aristophanous, M., Dérozier, V ., László, G., Oram, D. leg. (ANHRT) ; 3 males, 1 female, 1440m, Muchinga Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.469723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.676945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.469723/lat -10.676945)">Kahbaira Hill</a>, 10°40'37''S 33°28'11''E, 09–11.xii.2023, actinic light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 male, 1250m, Muchinga Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.4625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.678056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.4625/lat -10.678056)">Benyanga village</a>, 10°40'41''S, 33°27'45''E, 07– 12.xii.2023, MV light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV8588 ♂ (ANHRT); 1 female, 1970m, Muchinga Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.20007&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.458422" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.20007/lat -10.458422)">Makutu Mountains</a>, upper end of gully, 10°27'30.32''S, 33°12'00.25''E, 03–04.xii.2023, actinic light trap, Bashford, M., László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg., gen. prep. No.: AV8589 ♀ (ANHRT); 1 male, 2030m, Muchinga Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.198612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.457222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.198612/lat -10.457222)">Makutu Mountains</a>, ridge, 10°27'26''S, 33°11'55''E, 03–04.xii.2023, actinic light trap, Bashford, M., László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 female, 1790m, Muchinga Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.205833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.4580555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.205833/lat -10.4580555)">Makutu Mountains</a>, eastern slope, 10°27'29''S, 33°12'21''E, 03–04.xii.2023, actinic light trap, Bashford, M., László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 male, 1460m, Muchinga Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.291666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.451667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.291666/lat -12.451667)">Mutinondo Wilderness Area</a>, 12°27'06''S, 31°17'30''E, 15–17.xii.2023, MV light trap, László, G., Morgan, L., Volynkin, A. leg. (ANHRT) ; 1 male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=33.654446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.588056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 33.654446/lat -10.588056)">Nyika Plateau</a>, 10°35'17''S, 33°39'16''E, 2064m, 21.xi.2011 (MWM / ZSM) ; 1 female, Danger Hill, pk 20, north of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.573334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.597222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.573334/lat -11.597222)">Mpika</a>, 11°35'50''S, 31°34'24''E, 1703m, 26.xi.2011 (MWM / ZSM) ; MALAWI: 1 female, 1925 Dec. 10, Maiwale, 12 m . E of Fort Johnston, Nyasa l., 3200 ft., rather thick bush. W.A. Lamborn, dd. 1925 (OUMNH) ; 1 male, the same data as previous but 1925 Dec. 12 (OUMNH); 1 male, the same data as previous but 1925 Dec. 7, on leaf: conspicuous, 110m (OUMNH) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 20.0–21.0 mm in males and 21.5–24.5 mm in females. Anaphosia smithi sp. n. is externally reminiscent of A. cyanogramma, from which, however, it can easily be distinguished by its medial transverse line of the forewing, which is more or less parallel with the postmedial line whereas in A. cyanogramma those lines are convergent near the anal margin forming a trapezium with the blackish costal and anal forewing margins. The male genital capsules of the two species are very similar but in A. smithi sp. n., the juxta is larger, the valva is slightly narrower and has a narrower apex, and the lamella centralis is more dorsally dilated than in A. cyanogramma . The phalli of the two species are alike but compared to A. cyanogramma, the vesica of the new species is longer and broader, has a broader and longer medial cluster of graniculi, and a markedly longer and distally narrower utricular dorsal diverticulum. In the female genitalia, A. smithi sp. n. differs from A. cyanogramma in the somewhat longer apophyses anteriores, the longer and broader postvaginal plate having a medial posterior protrusion (vs. an incision in the congener), the broader ductus bursae, and the slightly shorter signa bursae. The detailed comparison with A. majori is provided below in the diagnosis of the latter species.</p><p>Note. This species displays some variability in the width of the area between the medial and postmedial lines of the forewing (Figs 4, 5) even within the same population, with the form having a broader area being more common in Tanzania, north-eastern Zambia and north-eastern DRC. They, however, display no recognisable differences in their genitalia structures.</p><p>Distribution. The new species is currently known from Zambia, Malawi, Tanzania, and north-eastern DRC.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Mr Richard Smith, Chairman of the Board of Trustees, ANHRT, who, through organising and undertaking numerous entomological expeditions to Sub-Saharan Africa has enabled the discovery of numerous species new to science including this one, of which Mr Smith is one of the collectors of the holotype and a part of the paratypes. The name is a noun in the genitive case.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D721670C1D73646AFF46FF632FE6FD9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Takano, Hitoshi	Volynkin, Anton V., Takano, Hitoshi (2024): Taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Anaphosia Hampson with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 391-403, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.24, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.24
D721670C1D7F6461FF46FF632B23FECA.text	D721670C1D7F6461FF46FF632B23FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anaphosia majori Strohle 2018	<div><p>Anaphosia majori Ströhle, 2018</p><p>(Figs 7, 8, 11, 14)</p><p>Anaphosia majori Ströhle, 2018, Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 75: 149, figs 1–8, 12, and 13 (Type locality: “ Ethiopia, Southern Nations, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.579884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.1806498" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.579884/lat 6.1806498)">Dorze</a>, 2401 m, N 06°10'839'', E 037°34'793'' [06°10.839'N 37°34.793'E]”).</p><p>Material examined. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, Ethiopia, 2401m, near Dorze, N 06°10'848'' E 37°34'793'' [06°10.848'N 37°34.793'E], 07–16.iv.2016, Ströhle [M.] leg. / Anaphosia majori (Ströhle, 2018) PARATYPUS (red label) / African Natural History research Trust ANHRT: 2023.9, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00339417 and 00339418, gen. prep. Nos.: AV7262 ♂, AV7263 ♀ (ANHRT) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing length is 21.0 mm in the male and 24.0 mm in the female examined (according to the original description (Ströhle 2018), the wingspan ranges from 3.8–4.5 cm). Anaphosia majori Ströhle, 2018 is an unmistakable species clearly differing from two other congeners in the lack of the medial line of the forewing. The male genital capsule of A. majori differs from A. cyanogramma in the slightly broader valva with a more convex ventral margin, the somewhat longer distal saccular process, and the more curved lamella centralis; compared to A. smithi sp. n., it has a shorter juxta, a considerably broader valva with a broader apex and a medially convex ventral margin (whereas it is only distally convex in the congener), and a curved and dorsally narrower lamella centralis. The phallus of A. majori is somewhat anteriorly downcurved whereas it is nearly straight in A. cyanogramma and A. smithi sp. n. The vesica of A. majori is remarkably shorter and slightly narrower than in A. smithi sp. n. and has a shorter and narrower medial cluster of finer graniculi, and a markedly shorter and conical dorsal diverticulum, which is elongate and utricular in the congener. The vesica of A. majori is most similar to A. cyanogramma, from which it is distinguished by the slightly finer graniculi of the medial cluster, and the somewhat shorter, narrower, and more apically tapered dorsal diverticulum. In the female genitalia, A. majori differs from A. cyanogramma and A. smithi sp. n. in the shorter gonapophyses, the shorter and narrower corpus bursae bearing markedly shorter and narrower signa, and the longer and narrower distal section of the appendix bursae. The ductus bursae of A. majori is similar to A. smithi sp. n. and narrower than in A. cyanogramma . The postvaginal plate of A. majori is similar to A. cyanogramma but shorter and has a narrower and deeper medial posterior incision, while A. smithi sp. n. has a posterior protrusion instead.</p><p>Distribution. The species is currently known only from southern Ethiopia (Ströhle 2018).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Examination of a series of Anaphosia specimens in the ANHRT collections has resulted in the identification and description of a beautiful new species. Although numerous historic specimens of A. smithi sp. n. were found in institutional collections, it was presumably overlooked due to its similarity with A. cyanogramma, perhaps only being considered as a variant with a differing medial line on the forewing. It is assumed that this new species (and A. majori) were two of the three species that Krüger (2015) had identified as being undescribed, but it is uncertain what the third species may be. Recent revisions of other groups of Afrotropical Lithosiini (e.g., Volynkin &amp; László 2020 a, 2020b, 2021; Volynkin 2022 a, 2022b, 2023) have revealed a hidden diversity of species thus suggesting that many species in this tribe await description; however, for one as large and as striking as A. smithi sp. n. to have remained undescribed is somewhat surprising.</p><p>Acknowledgements</p><p>The authors express their sincere thanks to the following for their kind assistance during visits to collections under their care: Alberto Zilli and Geoff Martin (NHMUK), James Hogan (OUMNH), and Axel Hausmann, Ulf Buchsbaum and Mei-Yu Chen (ZSM).</p><p>The following collaborative partners are thanked for the diverse administrative and technical assistance provided during fieldwork: Ms Rhoda Kachali (Department of National Parks and Wildlife – ZAWA, Lusaka), Ms Claire Mateke and Ms Martha Imakando (Livingstone Museum, Livingstone). The authors declare that to the best of their knowledge they conform to the national regulations and meet with the conditions and requirements of International Conventions concerning collecting/export and handling of the specimens presented in this Article.</p><p>References</p><p>Bethune-Baker, G.T. (1911) Descriptions of new African Heterocera. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8, 7 (42), 530–576. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22098491]</p><p>Hampson, G.F. (1903) Descriptions of new Syntomidae and Arctiadae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 7, 11 (64), 337–351 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19367884]</p><p>Hampson, G.F. (1909) Descriptions of new genera and species of Syntomidae, Arctiadae, Agaristidae and Noctuidae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8, 4 (22), 344–388.</p><p>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/22097723]</p><p>Hampson, G.F. 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Plazi	Volynkin, Anton V.;Takano, Hitoshi	Volynkin, Anton V., Takano, Hitoshi (2024): Taxonomic review of the Afrotropical genus Anaphosia Hampson with description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini: Lithosiina). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 391-403, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.24, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.24
