identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.text	F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudancistrus kayabi	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Siluriformes Loricariidae</p><p>Pseudancistrus kayabi sp. n. Figure 1, Table 1</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MZUSP 116322, male, 88.4 mm SL. Brazil: Mato Grosso State: municipality of Itaúba: rio Teles Pires ( Tapajós River basin), 10°58'30"S, 55°44'03"W, 01 October 2007, JLO Birindelli, P Hollanda-Carvalho.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>All from Brazil: Mato Grosso State: rio Teles Pires ( Tapajós River basin): Amazon basin. AUM 65641 2, 74.5−80.3 mm SL, municipality of Itaúba, 11°03'44"S, 55°19'08"W, 26 September 2007, JLO Birindelli, P Hollanda-Carvalho. LBP 19552, 2, 79.1−87.1 mm SL, municipality of Itaúba, 11°03'44"S, 55°19'08"W, 26 September 2007, JLO Birindelli, P Hollanda-Carvalho. MZUSP 95851, 1, 60.9 mm SL, collected with holotype. MZUSP 95912, 54, 27.1−86.5 mm SL, municipality of Itaúba, 11°03'44"S, 55°19'08"W, 26 September 2007, JLO Birindelli, P Hollanda-Carvalho. MZUSP 96157, 34, 29.5−85.8 mm SL, municipality of Paranaíta, 09°26'58"S, 56°29'19"W, 28 September 2007, LMS Souza, AL Netto-Ferreira.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Pseudancistrus kayabi differs from all congeners except Pseudancistrus reus by having caudal and dorsal fins with dark bars (vs. with white spots in caudal and dorsal fins). Also, the new species differs from all Pseudancistrus except Pseudancistrus nigrescens by having a dark brown body with whitish spots that fade along the posterior portion of the dorsal fin and forming mottled pattern (vs. either dark brown with conspicuous rounded spots not covering more than one plate in Pseudancistrus barbatus, Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, Pseudancistrus depressus, Pseudancistrus asurini, and Pseudancistrus zawadzkii or with dark brown bars in Pseudancistrus reus). It further differs from Pseudancistrus barbatus and Pseudancistrus depressus by having the snout with yellowish hypertrophied odontodes (vs. reddish-brown odontodes) (see Fig. 3 in De Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos 2008 for comparison). In addition, Pseudancistrus kayabi is distinguished by having a shorter pectoral spine, 22−30% SL (vs. 29−34% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens, 31−33% in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii, and 30−34% in Pseudancistrus barbatus); a shorter dorsal-fin base, 20−28% SL (vs. 28−29% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens, 29−31% in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii, and 28−31% in Pseudancistrus barbatus); a greater internares width, 13−19% HL (vs. 10.5−12.9% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens); head depth, 60−66% HL, greater than in Pseudancistrus nigrescens (56−57%) and in Pseudancistrus barbatus (41−53%) but smaller than in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii (67−73%); and a greater adipose-anal distance (17−25% SL vs. 15−17% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens and 12−15% in Pseudancistrus barbatus).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data is presented in Table 1. In lateral view, dorsal profile convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; straight, gradually descending from dorsal-fin origin to posterior insertion of adipose fin; straight, steeply ascending to insertion of caudal-fin; ventral profile flat from snout tip to anal-fin origin; shallowly concave from anal-fin insertion to lower caudal-fin spine; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. In dorsal view, greatest body width across cleithral region; snout broadly elliptical; body progressively narrow from opercular region to caudal fin. Cross-section of body between pectoral and pelvic fins rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally; cross-section of caudal peduncle ellipsoid.</p><p>Body almost entirely covered with plates except on ventral portions of head, abdomen, and dorsal-fin base. Five lateral rows of dermal plates, dorsal plates 21−22, lateral mid-dorsal plates 21−22, lateral median plates 22−23, lateral mid-ventral plates 21−22, lateral ventral plates 19−20. Three predorsal plates; eight plates below dorsal-fin base; four plates between dorsal fin and adipose fin; five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spinelet present.</p><p>Body plates and cleithrum with minute odontodes. Odontodes slightly hypertrophied on pectoral-fin spines, gradually larger towards tips. Numerous yellowish hypertrophied odontodes along lateral margins of head including snout; odontodes small on tip of snout increasing gradually in length from anterolateral margin of snout to cheeks; longest odontodes on posteriormost portion of non-evertible cheek plates. Eye small (orbital diameter 13−20% HL), dorsolaterally positioned. Oral disk transversely ellipsoid. Lower lip not reaching transverse line between gill openings. Lower lip covered with numerous small papillae. Maxillary barbel developed. Mouth relatively large. Premaxillary teeth 33−70 per ramus; dentary teeth 39−74 per ramus. Teeth bifid, medial cusp large and rounded, lateral cusp minute and rounded. Jaws wide, dentaries forming oblique angle, premaxillaries almost co-linear.</p><p>Dorsal fin I,7, origin approximately at midpoint between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins, last dorsal-fin ray reaching adipose fin when depressed. Pectoral fin I,6, spine tip slightly curved inward, covered with enlarged odontodes distally; depressed tip reaching one-third length of pelvic-fin spine. Pelvic fin I,5, spine tip curved inward, almost reaching anal-fin origin when depressed. Anal fin I,5, spine tip straight, reaching sixth plate posterior to its origin. Caudal fin I,7-7I, distal margin concave, inferior lobe longer than superior. Adipose fin with straight spine, preceded by single median preadipose plate.</p><p>Color in alcohol.</p><p>Ground color dark brown on back and sides of body, and lighter brown ventrally. Anterior portion of head to posterior margin of orbits with many small, crowded, white spots; spots getting abruptly larger on posterior portion of head, continuing on body, fading along posterior portion of dorsal fin and forming mottled pattern. Dorsal-fin spine rays and membranes with 6−7 dark bars. Pectoral, pelvic, anal with 4−5 dark bars and caudal-fin with four dark bars. Hypertrophied odontodes along head margin yellowish.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism.</p><p>Males possess a papilla posterior to urogenital opening, an attribute absent in females. Both sexes in Pseudancistrus kayabi exhibit highly hypertrophied odontodes along snout margin, as well as in other species of Pseudancistrus (Armbruster 2004b).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name “kayabi” is a reference to the Kayabi indigenous people that inhabited the region of the rivers Arinos, dos Peixes and Teles Pires, in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Pseudancistrus kayabi is known from the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajós basin, municipality of Itaúba and Paranaíta, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 2a).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Gabriel S. C.;Roxo, Fabio F.;Oliveira, Claudio	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.text	423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudancistrus asurini	<div><p>Taxon classification Animalia Siluriformes Loricariidae</p><p>Pseudancistrus asurini sp. n. Figures 3, 4, Table 1</p><p>Pseudancistrus sp. L17: Covain and Fisch-Muller 2012: 232−233 (Table 1), 235 (Fig. 2), 237 (Fig. 3), 242 (Fig. 4). - Silva et al. 2014: 6 (Fig. 2), 14 (Fig. 6), 16 (Table 3), 17 (Fig. 7).</p><p>Pseudancistrus sp. L67: Lujan et al. 2015: 281 (Fig. 3).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>MZUSP 116323, male, 195.8 mm SL. Brazil: Pará State: municipality of Altamira: rio Xingu (Amazon basin), Cachoeira do Espelho, 03°39'05"S, 52°22'42"W, 18 November 2011, OT Oyakawa, JLO Birindelli, C Moreira, A Akama, LMS Souza.</p><p>Paratypes .</p><p>All from Brazil: Pará State: municipality of Altamira: Amazon basin. AUM 65640, 2, 79.1−82.9 mm SL, rio Xingu, Cachoeira da Mucucura, 03°24'31"S, 51°44'40"W, 09 November 2011, OT Oyakawa, JLO Birindelli, C Moreira, LMS Souza . LBP 16551, 2, 75.6−101.4 mm SL, rio Xingu, 03°15'24"S, 52°05'47"W, 28 September 2012, C Oliveira, R Britzke, LMS Sousa. MZUSP 107174, 4, 45.9−123.4 mm SL, rio Xingu, Cachoeira de Mucura, 03°24'51"S, 51°44'23"W, ECIX team. MZUSP 107179, 2, 62.3−68.7 mm SL, rio Xingu, Cachoeira do Mucura, 03°24'51"S, 51°44'23"W, 07 July 2010, ECIX team. MZUSP 107435, 3, 74.6−105 mm SL, rio Xingu, 03°10'40"S, 51°36'58"W, 26 September 2007, FCT Lima, AK Zeinad. MZUSP 111285, 2, 84.4−106.6 mm SL, rio Iriri (trib. rio Xingu) Cachoeira Grande, 03°50'37"S, 52°44'02"W, OT Oyakawa, JLO Birindelli, C Moreira, A Akama, LMS Souza. MZUSP 111441, 6, 49.5−152.3 mm SL, rio Xingu, Cachoeira da Mucucura, 03°24'31"S, 51°44'40"W, 09 November 2011, OT Oyakawa, JLO Birindelli, C Moreira, LMS Souza. MZUSP 111558, 1, 91.4 mm SL, collected with holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The new species differs from all congeners by having the dorsal-and caudal-fin tips whitish (Fig. 4) (vs. entirely dark). It further differs from Pseudancistrus reus and Pseudancistrus kayabi by having conspicuous whitish spots on the body (vs. body mottled or with bars in Pseudancistrus reus and with whitish spots that fade along the body and can cover more than one plate in Pseudancistrus kayabi). It is also distinguishable from Pseudancistrus depressus and Pseudancistrus barbatus by having the snout with yellowish odontodes (vs. reddish-brown) (see Fig. 3 in De Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos 2008 for comparison) and from Pseudancistrus nigrescens, Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, and Pseudancistrus zawadzkii by having smaller whitish spots covering the body which increase gradually in size on the head (diameter 0.3−0.8 mm) and further on the body (diameter 0.7−1.3) (vs. spots abruptly increasing size between the head (diameter 1.1−1.3) and the body (diameter 2.6−2.3 mm). In addition, the new species is distinguished by a shorter predorsal length, 39−43% SL (vs. 43−46% in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii and 43−45% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), a smaller dorsal pectoral depth, 23−27% SL (vs. 27−31% in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii); a smaller caudal peduncle depth, 9−11% SL (vs. 13−14% in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii and 13% in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), a shorter barbel, 5−9% HL (vs. 10−11 in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), and head depth, 57−66% SL, which is smaller than in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii (67−73%) but greater than in Pseudancistrus barbatus (41−53%).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Morphometric data is presented in Table 1. In lateral view, dorsal profile convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; straight, gradually descending from dorsal-fin origin to posterior insertion of adipose fin; straight, steeply ascending to insertion of caudal fin; ventral profile flat from snout tip to anal-fin origin; shallowly concave from anal-fin insertion to lower caudal-fin spine; greatest body depth at dor sal-fin origin. In dorsal view, greatest body width across cleithral region; snout broadly elliptical; body decreasing in width from opercular region to caudal fin. Cross-section of body between pectoral and pelvic fins rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally; cross-section of caudal peduncle ellipsoid.</p><p>Body almost entirely covered with plates, except on ventral portions of head, abdomen, and dorsal-fin base. Five lateral rows of dermal plates, dorsal plates 21−22, lateral mid-dorsal plates 18−22, lateral median plates 22−23, lateral mid-ventral plates 23−24, lateral ventral plates 18−19. Three predorsal plates; seven plates below dorsal-fin base; four plates between dorsal fin and adipose fin; five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spinelet present.</p><p>Body plates and cleithrum with minute odontodes. Odontodes gradually getting larger towards tips on pectoral-fin spines. Numerous whitish hypertrophied odontodes along lateral margins of head including snout; homogenous in length excepting in anterior portion of snout where odontodes are smaller; longest odontodes on posteriormost portion of non-evertible cheek plates. Eye small (orbital diameter 13−10% HL), dorsolaterally positioned. Oral disk transversely ellipsoid. Lower lip not reaching transverse line between gill openings. Lower lip covered with numerous small papillae. Maxillary barbel poorly developed. Mouth relatively large. Premaxillary teeth 38−77 per ramus; dentary teeth 39−86 per ramus. Teeth bifid, medial cusp large and rounded, lateral cusp minute and rounded. Jaws wide, dentaries forming oblique angle, premaxillaries almost co-linear.</p><p>Dorsal fin II,7, origin approximately at midpoint between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins, last dorsal-fin ray not reaching adipose-fin when depressed. Pectoral fin I,6, spine tip not curved inward; depressed tip reaching one-third length of pelvic-fin spine. Pelvic fin I,5, spine tip curved inward, almost reaching anal-fin origin when depressed. Anal-fin I,5, spine tip straight, reaching fifth plate posterior to its origin. Caudal fin I,7-7I, distal margin concave, inferior lobe longer than superior. Adipose fin with almost straight spine, preceded by single median preadipose plate.</p><p>Color in alcohol.</p><p>Ground color dark brown on back and sides of body, and lighter brown ventrally. Anterior portion of head to posterior margin of orbits with many small, crowded, white spots; spots increasing slightly and gradually in size between snout to body. Dorsal plate series usually with two or three spots per plate in anterior portion of body and one spot on posterior portion of body. Mid-dorsal plates usually with two or three spots per plate. Lateral median plates with one or two spot per plate. Mid-ventral plates and ventral plates with two or three spots per plate. Dorsal-fin spine, rays and membranes with small round spots. Adipose fin with three small spots on spine and membrane. Pectoral, pelvic, anal and caudal fins with numerous and white spots of equal size. Dorsal and caudal fin tips whitish. Hypertrophied odontodes along head margin yellowish.</p><p>Color in life.</p><p>Similar to pattern described for alcohol individuals, but with ground color dark greenish-brown, and with yellow spots on body and on tips of dorsal and caudal fins.</p><p>Sexual dimorphism.</p><p>Males possess a papilla posterior to urogenital opening, an attribute absent in females. Both sexes in Pseudancistrus asurini exhibit highly hypertrophied odontodes along snout margin, as well as in others species of Pseudancistrus (Armbruster 2004b).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name “asurini” is a reference to the Asurini indigenous peoples who inhabit the right margin and median portions of rio Xingu, close to the municipality of Altamira in Pará State, Brazil. A noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Pseudancistrus asurini is known from the rio Xingu, municipality of Altamira, from the Xingu river basin, Pará State, Brazil (Fig. 2b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Silva, Gabriel S. C.;Roxo, Fabio F.;Oliveira, Claudio	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
