taxonID	type	description	language	source
F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pseudancistrus kayabi differs from all congeners except Pseudancistrus reus by having caudal and dorsal fins with dark bars (vs. with white spots in caudal and dorsal fins). Also, the new species differs from all Pseudancistrus except Pseudancistrus nigrescens by having a dark brown body with whitish spots that fade along the posterior portion of the dorsal fin and forming mottled pattern (vs. either dark brown with conspicuous rounded spots not covering more than one plate in Pseudancistrus barbatus, Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, Pseudancistrus depressus, Pseudancistrus asurini, and Pseudancistrus zawadzkii or with dark brown bars in Pseudancistrus reus). It further differs from Pseudancistrus barbatus and Pseudancistrus depressus by having the snout with yellowish hypertrophied odontodes (vs. reddish-brown odontodes) (see Fig. 3 in De Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos 2008 for comparison). In addition, Pseudancistrus kayabi is distinguished by having a shorter pectoral spine, 22 − 30 % SL (vs. 29 − 34 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens, 31 − 33 % in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii, and 30 − 34 % in Pseudancistrus barbatus); a shorter dorsal-fin base, 20 − 28 % SL (vs. 28 − 29 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens, 29 − 31 % in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii, and 28 − 31 % in Pseudancistrus barbatus); a greater internares width, 13 − 19 % HL (vs. 10.5 − 12.9 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens); head depth, 60 − 66 % HL, greater than in Pseudancistrus nigrescens (56 − 57 %) and in Pseudancistrus barbatus (41 − 53 %) but smaller than in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii (67 − 73 %); and a greater adipose-anal distance (17 − 25 % SL vs. 15 − 17 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens and 12 − 15 % in Pseudancistrus barbatus).	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data is presented in Table 1. In lateral view, dorsal profile convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; straight, gradually descending from dorsal-fin origin to posterior insertion of adipose fin; straight, steeply ascending to insertion of caudal-fin; ventral profile flat from snout tip to anal-fin origin; shallowly concave from anal-fin insertion to lower caudal-fin spine; greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. In dorsal view, greatest body width across cleithral region; snout broadly elliptical; body progressively narrow from opercular region to caudal fin. Cross-section of body between pectoral and pelvic fins rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally; cross-section of caudal peduncle ellipsoid. Body almost entirely covered with plates except on ventral portions of head, abdomen, and dorsal-fin base. Five lateral rows of dermal plates, dorsal plates 21 − 22, lateral mid-dorsal plates 21 − 22, lateral median plates 22 − 23, lateral mid-ventral plates 21 − 22, lateral ventral plates 19 − 20. Three predorsal plates; eight plates below dorsal-fin base; four plates between dorsal fin and adipose fin; five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spinelet present. Body plates and cleithrum with minute odontodes. Odontodes slightly hypertrophied on pectoral-fin spines, gradually larger towards tips. Numerous yellowish hypertrophied odontodes along lateral margins of head including snout; odontodes small on tip of snout increasing gradually in length from anterolateral margin of snout to cheeks; longest odontodes on posteriormost portion of non-evertible cheek plates. Eye small (orbital diameter 13 − 20 % HL), dorsolaterally positioned. Oral disk transversely ellipsoid. Lower lip not reaching transverse line between gill openings. Lower lip covered with numerous small papillae. Maxillary barbel developed. Mouth relatively large. Premaxillary teeth 33 − 70 per ramus; dentary teeth 39 − 74 per ramus. Teeth bifid, medial cusp large and rounded, lateral cusp minute and rounded. Jaws wide, dentaries forming oblique angle, premaxillaries almost co-linear. Dorsal fin I, 7, origin approximately at midpoint between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins, last dorsal-fin ray reaching adipose fin when depressed. Pectoral fin I, 6, spine tip slightly curved inward, covered with enlarged odontodes distally; depressed tip reaching one-third length of pelvic-fin spine. Pelvic fin I, 5, spine tip curved inward, almost reaching anal-fin origin when depressed. Anal fin I, 5, spine tip straight, reaching sixth plate posterior to its origin. Caudal fin I, 7 - 7 I, distal margin concave, inferior lobe longer than superior. Adipose fin with straight spine, preceded by single median preadipose plate.	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name " kayabi " is a reference to the Kayabi indigenous people that inhabited the region of the rivers Arinos, dos Peixes and Teles Pires, in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. A noun in apposition.	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
F4B7780EB1623147D0A087D0ADE8D844.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pseudancistrus kayabi is known from the rio Teles Pires, rio Tapajos basin, municipality of Itauba and Paranaita, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 2 a).	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species differs from all congeners by having the dorsal-and caudal-fin tips whitish (Fig. 4) (vs. entirely dark). It further differs from Pseudancistrus reus and Pseudancistrus kayabi by having conspicuous whitish spots on the body (vs. body mottled or with bars in Pseudancistrus reus and with whitish spots that fade along the body and can cover more than one plate in Pseudancistrus kayabi). It is also distinguishable from Pseudancistrus depressus and Pseudancistrus barbatus by having the snout with yellowish odontodes (vs. reddish-brown) (see Fig. 3 in De Chambrier and Montoya-Burgos 2008 for comparison) and from Pseudancistrus nigrescens, Pseudancistrus corantijniensis, and Pseudancistrus zawadzkii by having smaller whitish spots covering the body which increase gradually in size on the head (diameter 0.3 − 0.8 mm) and further on the body (diameter 0.7 − 1.3) (vs. spots abruptly increasing size between the head (diameter 1.1 − 1.3) and the body (diameter 2.6 − 2.3 mm). In addition, the new species is distinguished by a shorter predorsal length, 39 − 43 % SL (vs. 43 − 46 % in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii and 43 − 45 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), a smaller dorsal pectoral depth, 23 − 27 % SL (vs. 27 − 31 % in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii); a smaller caudal peduncle depth, 9 − 11 % SL (vs. 13 − 14 % in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii and 13 % in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), a shorter barbel, 5 − 9 % HL (vs. 10 − 11 in Pseudancistrus nigrescens), and head depth, 57 − 66 % SL, which is smaller than in Pseudancistrus zawadzkii (67 − 73 %) but greater than in Pseudancistrus barbatus (41 − 53 %).	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric data is presented in Table 1. In lateral view, dorsal profile convex from snout tip to dorsal-fin origin; straight, gradually descending from dorsal-fin origin to posterior insertion of adipose fin; straight, steeply ascending to insertion of caudal fin; ventral profile flat from snout tip to anal-fin origin; shallowly concave from anal-fin insertion to lower caudal-fin spine; greatest body depth at dor sal-fin origin. In dorsal view, greatest body width across cleithral region; snout broadly elliptical; body decreasing in width from opercular region to caudal fin. Cross-section of body between pectoral and pelvic fins rounded dorsally and flattened ventrally; cross-section of caudal peduncle ellipsoid. Body almost entirely covered with plates, except on ventral portions of head, abdomen, and dorsal-fin base. Five lateral rows of dermal plates, dorsal plates 21 − 22, lateral mid-dorsal plates 18 − 22, lateral median plates 22 − 23, lateral mid-ventral plates 23 − 24, lateral ventral plates 18 − 19. Three predorsal plates; seven plates below dorsal-fin base; four plates between dorsal fin and adipose fin; five rows of plates on caudal peduncle. Dorsal spinelet present. Body plates and cleithrum with minute odontodes. Odontodes gradually getting larger towards tips on pectoral-fin spines. Numerous whitish hypertrophied odontodes along lateral margins of head including snout; homogenous in length excepting in anterior portion of snout where odontodes are smaller; longest odontodes on posteriormost portion of non-evertible cheek plates. Eye small (orbital diameter 13 − 10 % HL), dorsolaterally positioned. Oral disk transversely ellipsoid. Lower lip not reaching transverse line between gill openings. Lower lip covered with numerous small papillae. Maxillary barbel poorly developed. Mouth relatively large. Premaxillary teeth 38 − 77 per ramus; dentary teeth 39 − 86 per ramus. Teeth bifid, medial cusp large and rounded, lateral cusp minute and rounded. Jaws wide, dentaries forming oblique angle, premaxillaries almost co-linear. Dorsal fin II, 7, origin approximately at midpoint between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins, last dorsal-fin ray not reaching adipose-fin when depressed. Pectoral fin I, 6, spine tip not curved inward; depressed tip reaching one-third length of pelvic-fin spine. Pelvic fin I, 5, spine tip curved inward, almost reaching anal-fin origin when depressed. Anal-fin I, 5, spine tip straight, reaching fifth plate posterior to its origin. Caudal fin I, 7 - 7 I, distal margin concave, inferior lobe longer than superior. Adipose fin with almost straight spine, preceded by single median preadipose plate.	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name " asurini " is a reference to the Asurini indigenous peoples who inhabit the right margin and median portions of rio Xingu, close to the municipality of Altamira in Para State, Brazil. A noun in apposition.	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
423C821A3F2E1BAEBAFD4CCE8C94FDF7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pseudancistrus asurini is known from the rio Xingu, municipality of Altamira, from the Xingu river basin, Para State, Brazil (Fig. 2 b).	en	Silva, Gabriel S. C., Roxo, Fabio F., Oliveira, Claudio (2015): Two new species of Pseudancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Amazon basin, northern Brazil. ZooKeys 482: 21-34, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.6909
