taxonID	type	description	language	source
D524171FFF9A4035FF06FBF5FBED56F6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. M. e. eupeus: Azerbaijan Province: 1 Ƥ, West Azerbaijan Province, Bazargan-Gerik road, 12 June 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1118); 1 Ƥ, West Azerbaijan Province, Bazargan, Oskanlu-Kalibar road, 12 June 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1119); 1 Ƥ, West Azerbaijan Province, Buralan- Poldasht road, 12 June 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1120). M. e. philippovitschi: Mazandaran Province: 53, 19 Ƥ, ca. 15 km South of Kiasar, Savasareh village, 36.23 ºN, 53.54 ºE, 15 July 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1083 to ZUTC-arach- 1105); 13, 4 Ƥ, ca. 40 km Southwest of Chalus, Kordichal, 36.5166 ºN, 51.2166 ºE, 30 June 2006, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1003 to ZUTC-arach- 1007). M. e. afghanus: Khorasan Razavi Province: 1 Ƥ, 1 juv., Gonabad, ca. 10 Km Northeast of Kakhk, 34.185 ° N, 58.754 ° E, 23 March 2007, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1001, 1002); 5 Ƥ 13, 2 juv., ca. 10 Km Northeast of Kakhk, 34.185 N, 58.75486 E, 1 April 2009, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1145 to 1152); 5 Ƥ, Gonabad, ca. 6 km South of Kakhk, 2 April 2009, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1153 to 1157); 2 Ƥ, Nehbandan, Mighan vill., 31.821 ºN, 59.5044 ºE, 10 July 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1106, 1107).. M. e. thersites: Turkmenistan: 1 Ƥ, 13, Mary Welayaty, Kushka Distr., Badkhyz Reserve, ca. 14 – 15 km SSW of Kyzyldzhar cordon, N. Env. of Eroilanduz, between Bashchenko Well and Kazan Mt., 35 42.067 ° N, 61 48.883 ° E, 7 April 2002, leg. A. V. Gromov (SMF 40264). Khorasan Razavi Province: 2 Ƥ, ca. 5 km South West of Mashhad, 36.28 ºN, 59.4976 ºE, 1 April 2007, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1008, 1009); 3 Ƥ, SW of Mashhad, 36.280 º N, 59.40 º E, 1 April 2007, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1007 to 1009); 6 Ƥ, ca. 30 km SW of Mashhad, Moghan vill., 36.116 º N, 59.37 º E, 19 April 2007, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1011 to 1016); 5 Ƥ, 9 juv., Sarakhs-Mashhad road, Robat-e Sharaf, 36.316 º N, 60.583 º E, 13 March 2008, leg. M. Tarahomi (ZUTC-arach- 1032 to 1036); 8 Ƥ, ca. 5 km SW of Mashhad, 36.280 ºN, 59.49 ºE, 30 March 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1047 to 1054); 3 Ƥ, ca. 55 km E of Neishaboor, Pivezhan vill., 36.033 º N, 59.33 º E, 1 April 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1055 to 1057); 1 Ƥ, E of Neishaboor Aliabad vill., 2 May 2009, leg. N. Eskandar Zadeh (ZUTCarach- 1159); 1 Ƥ, Neishaboor, Binaloud Mountain, Northern Slope, 20 July 2009, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1180); 2 Ƥ, vicinity of Espharayen, 15 June 2010, leg. E. Jamili (ZMFUM-arach- 1188, 1189); 6 Ƥ 23, ca. 60 km to Espharayen, Pelmis, Shirdeh vill., 20 June 2010, leg. E. Jamili (ZMFUM-arach- 1190 to 1197); 3 Ƥ, 33, 3 juv., ca. 10 km S of Kakhk, Maqas vill., 23 March 2010, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZMFUM-arach- 1198 to 1205); Semnan Province: 1 Ƥ, Biarjomand, Khankhodi vill., 30 ° 0 1 54.7 N 50 ° 0 4 57.6 E, 1150 m a. s. l., 27 October 2008, leg. E. Entezari (ZUTC-arach- 1131); 1 Ƥ, between Ahmadabad and Mohammadabad, Kalate Hizoumi, 30 ° 28 48.3 N, 49 ° 0 4 12.5 E, 1085 m a. s. l., 27 October 2008, leg. E. Entezari (ZUTC-arach- 1130); 13, Semnan, Desret Research centre, 1 August 2009, leg. E. Entezari (ZMFUM-scr- 1186). M. e. kirmanensis: Kerman Province: 1 Ƥ, 13, vicinity of Rafsanjan, April 2003, leg. O. Mirshamsi 1, (ZUTC-arach- 1060, 1061); Ƥ, Jiroft, Khatoon Abad vill., 28 ° 36 23 N, 57 ° 43 0 4.5 E, 11 December 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1158); 1 Ƥ, vicinity of Jiroft, 10 October 2009, leg. E. Entezari (ZMFUMscr- 1183); Yazd Province: 1 Ƥ, Yazd, Mehriz-Marvast road, 31.109 ° N 54.211 ° E, 9 December 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1138); Sistan va Baluchistan Province: 1 Ƥ, ca. 90 km S of Zahedan, 28.74 ° N, 60.77 ° E, 23 November 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1135); 2 Ƥ, 13, ca. 10 km S of Bampur, Bampur River, 27.17 ° N, 60.46 ° E, 22 November 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1132 to 1134); 43, 1 Ƥ, vicinity of Zabol, 31.04 ° N, 61.48 ° E, 1 May 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1019 to 1023); 1 Ƥ, ca. 90 km S of Zahedan, 28.74 ° N, 60.77 ° E, 23 November 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1135); 2 Ƥ, 13, ca. 10 km S of Bampur, Bampur River, 27.17 ° N, 60.46 ° E, 22 November 2008, leg. O. Mirshamsi (ZUTC-arach- 1132 to 1134).	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
D524171FFF9A4035FF06FBF5FBED56F6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Scorpions of medium size, adults 34 – 57 mm in total length; M. eupeus has eight carinae on metasomal segment IV and is distinguished from M. gibbosus with 10 carinae on this segment. This species differs from M. caucasicus in the number of diagonal rows of denticles on the movable finger of pedipalp (10 – 11 and 12 – 13, respectively) and having more prominent lyre-shaped prosomal carination. Also, M. vesiculatus is easily recognizable from M. eupeus by its inflated telson and very short aculeus. Generally, metasomal segments II – IV of M. eupeus are much more robust with eight complete carinae; Pedipalp chela in M. eupeus relatively inflated, wider than patella; with short fingers; Pedipalp femur and patella dorsally smooth; Telson oblong-ovoid or subglobose with dorsal surface flat.	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
D524171FFF9A4035FF06FBF5FBED56F6.taxon	description	Description: Based on both males and females. Coloration: Almost light yellowish-brown with a pattern of blackish markings on prosoma and mesosoma arranged into five longitudinal rows. Legs slightly lighter than body and without color patterns; ventral surface slightly lighter than dorsal; metasoma yellow; basal half of metasomal segment V dark brown; ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segments with dusky markings. Pedipalps with dusky markings. Carapace (Fig. 9 & 24): trapezoid-shaped; wider than long (Ca _ L / Ca _ Pw: 0.77 – 0.94 (0.86); Ca _ L / Ca _ Aw: 1.38 – 1.90 (1.45); Ca _ Aw / Ca _ Pw: 0.46 – 0.64 (0.59 )); intercarinal space of prosoma smooth and finely granular; anterior margin of prosoma strongly emarginate; prosoma carination well developed and typical of genus Mesobuthus; central median and posterior median carinae not completely aligned and a slight gap occurs at their junction; anterior median carinae moderately granular; central median, posterior median and central lateral carinae granular; lyra configuration well-developed; in most specimens last granule of posterior median carinae rounded and not extended beyond the posterior margin of prosoma; anteromedian sulcus shallow to absent; posteromedian sulcus shallow and wide; posterolateral furrows wide and curved; posteromarginal furrow narrow and deep; anterior margin with transverse row of distinct setae; ocular tubercle located on anterior half of prosoma with following index: X / Y = 0.64 – 0.79 (0.72); distance between median eyes more than twice ocular diameter; three pairs of lateral eyes. Chelicerae: with two basal denticles on ventral aspect of fixed finger; movable finger with equally sized external and internal distal denticles. Mesosoma (Fig. 10 & 11): Tergites I – VI tricarinate; lateral carinae on tergites I and II weakly developed, with few distinct granules; tergite VII pentacarinate with lateral pairs moderate serratocrenulate; median carinae on tergite VII incomplete, present on anterior half and weakly granulate; intercarinal surface of tergites finely granulate or smooth; lateral margins of sternites III – VI smooth; on VII weakly crenulated; sternites III – VI without carinae; sternites VII with four moderately developed carinae; pectines long, extends beyond the coxa-trochanter joint of leg IV; with three marginal lamellae and 7 – 9 median lamellae; fulcra present; pectinal teeth present along the entire posterior margin of each pectine; pectinal tooth count 15 – 21 in females and 22 – 24 in males; Sternum Type I, subpentagonal and slightly longer than wide; with a deep median depression flanked by a pair of setae; Genital operculum completely divided longitudinally and with short and scattered bristles. Legs (Fig. 25): Ventral surface of tarsi with two rows of stout spiniform setae; legs III – IV with tibial spurs; with bifurcate prolateral pedal spurs; prolateral spur with distinct setae. Metasoma (Fig. 12 – 14 & 26 – 29): Segment I decacarinate; Segments II – IV octocarinate; dorsolateral carinae moderately serrate; lateral supramedian moderate to strong, crenulate; lateral inframedian carinae incomplete and present only on posterior half of segments II – III; Ventrolateral carinae moderate to strong, crenulated; ventral carinae on segments II and III strong, serrate, raising posteriorly and usually terminate to a large terminal denticles; Ventrolateral carinae of segment V strongly serrate with large posterior denticles; ventromedian carinae moderate to strong with large posterior granules; dorsal furrow of all segments well developed; anal arch with well-developed denticles; lateral anal arch with two or three teeth; intercarinal spaces of metasomal segments smooth. Telson: Telson oblong-ovoid with dorsal surface flat (Tl _ L / W = 1.97 – 2.64 (2.26); Tl _ L / H = 2.16 – 2.70 (2.44 )); ventral surface of telson with median and lateral rows of weak granules; with two distinct subaculear setae (Fig. 12 & 26 – 27). Pedipalps (Fig. 15 – 19; 30 – 31) Pedipalps covered sparsely with short macrosetae; chela inflated, wider than patella and smooth; carinae absent; fingers short (Movable finger length / Manus length = 1.18 – 1.92 (1.54 )); dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers with 10 and 11 oblique rows of granules, respectively; with an apical cluster of four small denticles at base of robust terminal denticle on movable finger. Femur pentacarinate and intercarinal space smooth; all carinae distinct and granular, internomedian carinae with short spiniform granules. Patella tetracarinate and intercarinal surface smooth; internomedian carinae with spiniform granules; dorsomedian carinae weakly developed; dorsointernal, internomedian and ventrointernal carinae moderately granular. Trichobothria et and est located just between fourth and fifth and seventh and eighth outer accessory denticles, respectively. Trichobothriotaxy (Fig. 35): Orthobothriotaxic type Aβ, with following segment totals: femur, 11 (5 dorsal, 4 internal, 2 external), patella, 13 (5 dorsal, 1 internal, 7 external) and chela, 15 (8 manus, 7 fixed finger); in total 39 trichobothria per pedipalp; trichobothria esb, Esb, Eb 3, d 2 (patella) and d 2 (femur) petite. Hemispermatophore (Fig. 32 – 34): long and slender, typical of the genus Mesobuthus and the family (flagelliform); with four distinct lobes at truncal flexure; internal lobe larger than others.	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
D524171FFF934029FF06F8CEFAE054D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Fars Province: 1 Ƥ 13, Kenar Taprh- Kazeroon road, 29.580 ° N, 51.508 ° E, 16 May 2008, leg. G. M. Kashani (ZUTC-arach- 1123, 1124); 3 Ƥ, 13, Abadeh, Abadeh-Samirom road, 27 August 2008, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-Fa- 858); 4 Ƥ 13, Shiraz-Abadeh road, Saadat Shahr, Pasargad, 28 August 2008, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-Fa- 859). Khuzestan Province: 2 Ƥ, 23, Ahvaz – Masjedsoleyman road, Miah vill., 31 ° 46 ' 31 " N 49 ° 06 ' 01 " E, 48 m a. s. l., IX. 2007, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-A-Ma- 811), 13, Shooshtar- Ahwaz road, Arab Hasan vill., 11 December 2007, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-Sh-A 2); 3 Ƥ, Hendijan, Cham Tang vill., 11 December 2007, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-He- 833); 1 Ƥ 13, Behbahan, 36 ° 37 ˏ 01 ˝ N, 50 ° 08 ˏ 53 ˝ E, 342 m a. s. l., 22 July 2008, leg. S. Navidpour (RRLS-Beh- 839); Bushehr Province: 23,2 Ƥ, Tangestan, Ahram, 28 ° 51 ' 45 " N 51 ° 20 ' 50 " E, 123 m a. s. l., November 2007, leg. Masihipour, Bahrani & Habibzadeh (RRLS- Bu- 36); 33,3 Ƥ, Omidiyeh to Genaveh road, 30 ° 13 ' 42 " N 50 ° 12 ' 01 " E, 128 m a. s. l., November 2007, leg. Navidpour, Masihipour & Tofigh (RRLS-B-Bi 805). Type locality and repository. Iran, Bushehr Province, Bushir (now Bushehr); BMNH. The type specimens of Buthus phillipsi Pocock deposited in BMNH were not available for examination during this study, but several specimens were examined from type locality. Due to lack of adequate data on M. phillipsi and absence of illustrations, here this taxon is described in full for newly erected M. phillipsi including illustrations of diagnostic characters.	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
D524171FFF934029FF06F8CEFAE054D8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Medium-sized buthids, adults 37 – 61 mm in total length; with general yellow coloration, with brownish yellow mesosoma, yellowish chela and pale yellow legs, ventral surface paler than dorsal; with five distinct longitudinal dark markings on tergites; M. phillipsi is distinguished from M. eupeus by the following features: Uniting central and posterior median carinae on the one or both sides of prosoma; dorsal surface of pedipalp femur finely granular; dorsomedian carinae of patella distinct; weakly developed ventral carinae on metasomal segments II and III with small granules; short and pointed basal denticles of ventrolateral carinae of metasomal segments V; more narrower metasomal segments; short aculeus; hairy metasomal segments and five longitudinal dark stripes on tergites (lacking in some specimens).	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
D524171FFF934029FF06F8CEFAE054D8.taxon	description	Description. Based on both males and females. Carapace (Fig. 36): Carapace trapezoid-shaped, wider than long, Ca _ L / Ca _ Pw: 0.85 – 0.94 (0.89), Ca _ L / Ca _ Aw: 1.40 – 1.49 (1.45); Ca-Aw / Ca _ Pw: 0.57 – 0.65 (0.61); anterior margin of prosoma and median ocular carinae black; ocular tubercle located on anterior half of prosoma, X / Y: 0.67 – 0.77 (0.73); intercarinal space of prosoma coarsely granular, prosomal carination and lyra-shaped configuration weakly developed, central median and posterior median carinae without gap at their junction in one or both sides. Mesosoma (Fig. 37 & 38): Tergites I – VI tricarinate; lateral and median carinae on tergites I and II weakly developed; intercarinal spaces of tergites finely granular; distal tip of pectine reaching distal end of coxa IV in females, and reaching midpoint of trochanter IV in males, with three marginal lamellae and 8 – 9 median lamellae, pectinal tooth count 22 – 26 in females and 27 – 30 in males. Pedipalps (Fig. 39 & 40): Femur pentacarinate, all carinae strongly granular, dorsal surface coarsely granular. Patella tetracarinate, with dorsomedian carinae moderately developed. Fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp with strongly developed scalloping in males, dentate margins of fixed and movable fingers with 10 and 11 oblique rows of granules, respectively. Metasoma (Fig. 41 – 43): Metasomal segment I decacarinate; Segments II – IV octocarinate; dorsolateral and lateral supramedian carinae moderately serrate; lateral inframedian carinae incomplete, weakly developed and present on posterior half of segments II and III; Ventrolateral carinae moderate, crenulated; ventral carinae on second and third metasomal segments weakly developed with small denticles, the size of denticles slightly increasing posteriorly especially in third metasomal segment, and with a small distal granule; denticles of ventrolateral carinae of the fifth metasomal segment slightly increasing in size posteriorly with distal triangular and pointed denticles; Metasomal segments hairy, each segment with a series of widely separated long hairs arranged in longitudinal rows along the carinae, intercarinal space of metasomal segments smooth, metasomal segments II – IV longer than height, MtII _ L / H: 1.14 – 1.38 (1.26), MtIII _ L / H: 1.18 – 1.43 (1.31), MtIV _ L / H: 1.46 – 1.69 (1.60); lateral anal arch of the fifth metasomal segment with three distinct teeth on both sides, some specimens with an additional minor denticle in one side, ventral arch with several reduced denticles. Telson: Vesicle of telson inflated and significantly longer than short curved aculeus and wider than fifth metasomal segment. Trichobotriotax y: Orthobothriotaxic type Ab (as described and illustrated for M. eupeus, Fig. 35).	en	Mirshamsi, Omid, Sari, Alireza, Elahi, Elahe, Hosseinie, Shidokht (2011): Mesobuthus eupeus (Scorpiones: Buthidae) from Iran: A polytypic species complex. Zootaxa 2929: 1-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201193
