taxonID	type	description	language	source
D52CAE70356AFFBD6CFE7A36089ECE61.taxon	materials_examined	Type species Mirnapis inca Urban 1997, by original designation. FIGURE 1. Important characters for generic level identification of Mirnapis. A – E, labra; A. male M. ohloweni (this is the longest and least strongly apically concave labrum of any male of the genus available to us); B and C, male M. inca, (the latter has the most obtuse lateral lobes of any individual of the species available to us); D. female M. ohloweni; E. female M. inca; F. part of forewing of M. ohloweni showing how length (blue) and width (red) of 2 nd submarginal cell were measured; G. midtibia of male M. inca to show the lanceolate hairs; H. pygidial plate of female M. inca; I. pygidial plate of male M. inca; J. S 2 of female M. inca to show the angle of the sternal gradulus.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356AFFBD6CFE7A36089ECE61.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: For the male each of i) labrum strongly excised apically with the sides of the emargination at approximately a right angle to each other and ii) S 7 with inner lobe weakly sclerotized, transversely scrolled and sparsely setose, are unique among Neotropical Eucerini. For the female, the labrum with deep apicomedian concavity extending for approximately 0.4 X the maximum length of the labrum is diagnostic. This character has to be observed for the ventral (oral) surface of the labrum as the concavity is hidden by a dense tuft of hairs on the dorsal (aboral) surface.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356AFFBD6CFE7A36089ECE61.taxon	description	Description: Labrum long, length more than 0.6 X width in male (Figs. 1 A – C), sometimes slightly less in female (Figs. 1 D and E); apex with concavity deep and narrow in female, extending for ~ 0.4 X greatest length; shallower and triangular, <0.2 X greatest length, in male; lobes on either side approximately right angular, sides of emargination approximately right angular in male, acutely angulate in female. Galea 1.05 – 1.1 X as long as compound eye. Mandible without inner basal tooth, subapical tooth obtuse or absent, apex triangularly excised in fresh specimens, condylar ridge of normal saliency. Maxillary palpomeres 5 (rarely 4); mouthparts lacking hooked hairs. Clypeal margin unmodified; clypeocular distance 0.75 X minimum diameter of F 1; paraocular carina absent below thus not united with lateral clypeal carina; clypeus produced for slightly more than half width of compound eye (20: 42). Malar space short, ~ 0.3 X basal depth of mandible. Vertex elevated such that ocelli face somewhat anteriorly; distinct acute tubercle lateral to lateral ocellus. Inner margin of compound eyes subparallel. Female scape length ~ 3 X maximum width; male F 1 minimum length at most 1 / 6 as long as F 2, maximum length 1 / 4 – 1 / 3 as long as F 2; male antenna attaining T 4, flagellum slightly flattened, depth 0.8 X width. Scutellum approximately one third length of mesoscutum; anterior margin of tegula convex. Submarginal cells 3; submarginal cell 2 shorter than wide (Fig. 1 F) or with length and width subequal; stigma much shorter on posterior margin than prestigma (Fig. 1 F); jugal lobe more than half as long as vannal lobe; hindwing cu less than half as long as 2 nd abscissa of M + Cu; wing hairs sparse. Forecoxal spine absent; male midtibia with lanceolate hairs apicoventrally (Fig. 1 G), legs otherwise unmodified; keirotrichiate area on inner surface of hind tibia of female broad, extending almost to base; tibial and basitarsal scopal hairs long, plumose (Fig. 2 A, 2 B and 4 C), apical bare area short, ~ 0.15 X length of tibia; basitibial plate largely obscured by hairs, only posterior margin visible; dense dorsobasal hair patch on hind tibia shorter than basitibial plate; arolia present. Apical impressed areas of metasomal terga extensive,> 0.5 tergal length on T 2, these areas translucent only towards apex. Spatuloplumose hairs absent; metasomal terga lacking distinct basal hair bands (the female T 2 may have a weak pale band basolaterally); patch of appressed, plumose, white hairs sublaterally on T 4 and laterally on T 5 of female, sublaterally on both T 4 and T 5 of male (Figs. 2 A, C, E and G). Pygidial plate acute <45 ° in female (Fig. 1 H), narrowly subtruncate in male with apical margin <MOD (Fig. 1 I); gradulus of female on T 2 – T 6 carinate laterad, untoothed; male gradulus on T 2 – T 7 carinate laterally, T 4 – T 5 with apex of gradular carina right angular, sometimes somewhat obtuse or acute, T 6 with acute lateral tooth, T 7 without tooth; female S 2 gradulus concave medially, angle subtended by sides of concavity ~ 140 ° (Fig. 1 J). Female with sternal hairs suberect, male with subapical fringe of long hairs on S 2 – S 5. Male S 6 with converging carinae, with shallow median depression margined with posteriorly oriented setae; S 7 disc flat and apically weakly bilobed, inner lobes somewhat membranous, scrolled, sparsely setose; outer lobes strongly sclerotized, ventrally concave (Fig. 3 A and C); S 8 with apex of apical lobe broadly concave, apicodorsal swelling broad and deep (Figs. 3 A and B); gonostylus 2 / 3 as long as maximum length of gonocoxite, spatha ~ 2 X as wide as long (Figs. 3 C and D).	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is most easily distinguished from M. inca by the following: female with metatibial and metabasitarsal scopa orange (Fig. 2 A); male with dark metasomal hairs extensive, extending for apical half of T 2 medially (Figs. 2 E and F); basal areas of T 2 – T 4 with white, plumose, appressed hairs absent or reduced to fringe of short hairs on gradulus (Fig. 2 F); T 1 – T 5 with apical translucent areas short, approximately 0.5 MOD (range 0.3 – 0.6 MOD) (Fig. 2 F).	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	description	Description: Female: Dimensions: Body length: 13.0 – 14.0 mm; forewing length: 8.5 – 8.7 mm; head width: 4.3 – 4.5 mm; intertegular span: 3.5 – 3.7 mm. Colouration: Integument black except as follows: F 3 – F 10 dark brown anteriorly; apex of metatibia and all tarsomeres 1 – 4 marked with dark red-brown, pretarsi entirely red-brown; tegula amber posteriorly, dark brown anteriorly; apical impressed areas of terga with extremely narrow, slightly translucent apical rim (<0.25 MOD) (Fig. 2 B); pre-gradular area of S 2 orange, darkened apically; apex of apical impressed areas of sterna narrowly amber then orange-brown anteriorly. Pubescence: Apical fringe of labrum pale, hairs plumose, <2 MOD; median tuft orange-brown, ~ 1.5 MOD. Clypeal hairs pale, weakly plumose or simple, <1 MOD; rest of face, vertex, mesoscutum and scutellum with strongly plumose, yellowish-brown hairs (ferruginous in fresh specimen) <2.5 MOD; pleura, side of propodeum and forefemur with paler, longer hairs, <4 MOD. Metatibial and metabasitarsal scopa yellow-orange, hairs long (<4 MOD) with numerous long branches (~ 0.5 MOD) (Fig. 2 A). T 1 hairs pale yellowish-orange, erect, long (<3.5 MOD), shorter blackish hairs on sides and subapically (Fig. 2 A and 2 B). T 2 - T 6 with black, subappressed, simple, short hairs (<1 MOD), with few longer (<2 MOD). T 5 with dense, suberect black hairs (<1.5 MOD). T 6 with shorter blackish hairs. T 2 with minute and T 4 with large sublateral patch of appressed plumose white hairs (those on T 2 sometimes hidden beneath T 1) (Fig. 2 A); T 5 with plumose, pale, long (2 MOD) hairs laterally continuous with sublateral patch similar to that on T 4 (Fig. 2 A). Sculpture: Clypeus weakly imbricate, punctures large, i <d, except small and crowded on brow of apical rim. Lower paraocular area weakly imbricate, shiny, punctures shallow, dense. Upper paraocular area and region between lateral ocellus and compound eye shiny, punctures minute and sparse. Vertex densely punctate, punctures small. Mesoscutum coarsely imbricate, dull; punctures shallow, sparse, i = 1 – 2 d. Scutellum less strongly imbricate, punctures dense, more distinct than those of mesoscutum, i ~ d. Metanotum dull, punctures shallow, crowded medially, sparse laterally. Metapostnotum punctate-areolate, with distinct medial line. Metasomal terga very weakly imbricate (T 1, T 4 – T 6) to shiny (T 2 – T 3), punctures small, distinct, irregularly spaced, i = 1 – 3 d. Structure: Labrum approximately twice as wide as long, deeply and triangularly excised apicomedially, excision extending basad for almost 1 / 2 length of labrum, lobes on either side of excision approximately right angular (Fig. 1 D). Postpalpal part of galea 1.05 – 1.1 X as long as compound eye. Maxillary palpomeres 5. Mouthparts entirely devoid of hooked or otherwise modified hairs. Malar space subequal to minimum diameter of F 1, approximately 1 / 3 as long as basal depth of mandible. Clypeus more than twice as wide as long, L: W 32: 66; lateral clypeal carina strong; minimum clypeocular distance subequal to length of malar space. Inner margins of compound eyes subparallel. Small, sharp tubercle posterolaterad of lateral ocellus. Vertex somewhat raised, distance between posterior tangent of median ocellus and top of head in frontal view slightly less than MOD (13: 15); region between lateral ocellus and compound eye weakly depressed. Scutellum <1 / 3 as long as mesoscutum, 35: 105. Metanotum mostly declivitous. 2 nd submarginal cell short, anterior margin less than width (Fig. 1 F). Translucent apices of T 2 – T 4 narrow, on T 2 <0.6 MOD. Male: As in female except as follows: Dimensions: Body length: 11.7 – 12.5 mm; forewing length: 9.0 – 9.5 mm; head width: 4.0 – 4.4 mm; intertegular span: 3.0 – 3.5 mm. Colouration: Entire flagellum red-brown on anterior surface; labrum yellow, edged with dusky brown (Fig. 1 A); clypeus yellow; apical impressed areas of terga with narrow, somewhat translucent apical rim (~ 0.6 MOD) (Fig. 2 F). Pubescence: Labrum and clypeus with hairs dense, plumose, long ~ 2.5 MOD; rest of face, thorax and T 1 with longer hairs, <4.5 MOD. T 2 with pale, somewhat plumose, suberect, long (<2.5 MOD) hairs laterally and basally, elsewhere hairs black, simple and shorter (<2 MOD). T 2 and T 3 without sparse, strongly plumose, short hairs or with these restricted to gradular fringe laterally and absent medially; sparse, suberect pale, long hairs (<2.5 MOD) laterally; suberect, simple, black hairs elsewhere, (<2.5 MOD) (Fig. 2 F). T 4 and T 5 with erect, pale, long (<3 MOD) hairs anterolaterally with large patches of white, appressed, strongly plumose hairs sublaterally; elsewhere hairs simple, suberect <2 MOD (Fig. 2 E). T 6 apical fringe, dark brown medially, <1 MOD with small posterolateral patch of pale hairs, white laterally, pale brown sublaterally (<3 MOD). T 7 with black-brown hairs, <1.5 MOD. S 2 – S 4 with subapical hair fringes of plumose, whitish hairs, <3 MOD laterally, sparser and shorter medially, more distinctly divided into lateral patches on S 4. S 5 with subapical fringe of brown, plumose hairs, <2 MOD laterally, 1 MOD medially; slightly longer, black, simple hairs anterior to subapical fringe. S 6 apicomedian depression margined with dark hairs (~ 1 MOD). Sculpture: Clypeus more sparsely punctate, i> d; metasomal terga sparsely punctate, especially on apical 1 / 3, i = 2 – 5 d, apical translucent areas largely impunctate. Structure: Labrum approximately 2 / 3 as long as wide, length (to apex of lobe): width 32: 51; deeply and triangularly excised apicomedially, excision extending basad for> 1 / 6 length of labrum (6: 32), emargination and lobes on either side approximately right angular (Fig. 1 A). Malar space longer than clypeocular distance (7: 5). F 1 with minimum length subequal to minimum diameter; minimum length 1 / 6 length of F 2, maximum length 1 / 4 that of F 2. Tubercle laterad of lateral ocellus larger. Pygidial plate narrowed, apex <0.7 MOD. S 6 with lamellate posteriorly convergent carinae, separated apically by <1 MOD. Genitalia as in figures 3 A and 3 C.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype female, 6 male paratypes: PERU, Ica Departamento, 51.1 km E. Nazca, 14 ° 48.623 ’ S 074 ° 39.958 ’ W, 2775 m, 3. v. 2011, leg. Ohl, Krause and Breitkreuz (holotype and one paratype male MUSM; other paratypes MNHN and PCYU); Additional paratypes: one female, one male: Ica Departamento, 41 km E Nazca, 14 ° 50.254 ’ S 074 ° 43.322 ’ W, 2310 m, 2. v. 2011, leg. Ohl, Krause and Breitkreuz (PCYU); one female: Ayacucho Departamento, 55 km E. of Nazca, - 14.791 - 74.647, 2730 m, 3. iv. 2010, L. Packer and J. Rivera, Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapov. Malvaceae) (PCYU).	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species is named in honour of Michael Ohl and Robin Owen. The former caught both sexes of the new species and the latter caught the first specimen of M. inca in Chile and the efforts of both were necessary to permit the descriptions and redescriptions presented here.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	description	Variation: The male and female from 41 km East of Nazca have more densely punctate metasomal terga than all but one male of the other specimens examined.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356FFFBF6CFE7CDB0D3CCB4C.taxon	discussion	Comments: Tarasa is not the pollen source collected by the females in the series noted above as the pollen in the scopae of the females is of a different colour – being orange rather than brown.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356DFFBF6CFE79310B78CDE9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: This species is most easily distinguished from M. ohloweni by the following characteristics: female with metatibial and metabasitarsal scopa dusky brown (Figs. 2 C and 4 B); male with fewer dark hairs on metasomal terga, on T 2 reduced to at most a subapical transverse row (Fig. 2 H); T 2 – T 4 with basal bands of white, plumose, appressed hairs, most complete on T 3 (though sometimes abraded or hidden by preceding tergum, visible only laterally in Fig. 2 H); apical translucent areas on terga long, on T 2 ~ 1 MOD (range 1 – 1.3 MOD) (Fig. 2 H).	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356DFFBF6CFE79310B78CDE9.taxon	description	Female: as in M. ohloweni except as noted in diagnosis and as follows: F 3 – F 10 orange-brown anteriorly; tarsomeres 1 – 4 entirely brown; 2 nd submarginal cell with length and breadth subequal; apical impressed areas of terga with longer translucent apical rim (~ 1 MOD) (Fig. 2 D); T 2 with more extensive patch of white hairs basally (Fig. 2 D). Male: as in male of M. ohloweni except as noted in diagnosis and as follows: F 1 with minimum length slightly greater than minimum diameter; minimum length 1 / 4 length of F 2, maximum length nearly 1 / 3 length of F 2; T 1 – T 2 with hairs long and almost entirely pale (Fig. 2 H), T 3 – T 5 with dark hairs only subapically, otherwise hairs pale; apical impressed areas of terga with longer translucent apical rim (1 – 1.3 MOD) (Fig. 2 H). Genitalia as in figures 3 B and D.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356DFFBF6CFE79310B78CDE9.taxon	materials_examined	Material Studied: Paratype male, PERU: Arequipa, 2200 m, III. 1954, A. Meza (SEM); CHILE Region XV, Candelabra cactus zone, 7. v. 2001, R. E. Owen 1 male; Region XV, Hwy 11, 72.5 km, Quebrada Cardones, - 18.45698 - 69.77264, 2378 m, 19. iv. 2012, L. Packer, 10 males, 1 female; same locality but 19. iv. – 13. v. 2012, one male, blue vane trap; same locality but 12 – 13. v. 2012, 20 males. CHILE Region XV, Hwy 11, 74.5 km, Quebrada Cardones, - 18.44759 - 69.76234, 2443 m 17 – 19. iv. 2012, L. Packer, blue cup trap, 1 female; CHILE Region XV, Hwy 11, Quebrada Cardones, - 18.43780 - 69.74481, 2618 m 17. iv. – 12. v. 2012, L. Packer blue vane trap, 1 male; CHILE Region XV, Hwy 11, 69 km, - 18.46403 - 69.80427, 2189 m 17. iv. – 12. v. 2012, L. Packer, blue vane trap, one female. CHILE Region I, Mamiña vertedero, - 20.06175 - 69.22181, 2660 m 16. – 21. iv. 2012, L. Packer, blue deep cup, one female. Same locality 21. iv – 10. v. 2012, 2 females, deep blue cup. All specimens currently housed at PCYU, one male will be distributed to each of CTMI, RPSP, MNHN, AMNH and one female and multiple males to PUCV in due course.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
D52CAE70356DFFBF6CFE79310B78CDE9.taxon	discussion	Comments: Males were collected mostly flying rapidly over an unidentified Shrub 1 that was not flowering in April. Some were also flying over T. operculata from which the sole female netted was collected and another was seen but not caught. Tarasa is not considered to be the source of pollen collected by these bees for the same reasons given for M. ohloweni above. The highly male biased sex ratio in samples netted versus the female biased one from traps is worthy of note. By net, the ratio of males to females caught was 30: 1, in the deep cup and blue vane traps the total was 2 males to 5 females. The overall high male bias is not likely to be a result of protandry as the sample netted in May was 100 % male and the species had been active for at least three weeks by that time. It is possible that the females are active at a restricted time of day. However, both females that were seen alive were observed in the afternoon and prolonged searches from 8: 00 hrs to 14: 00 hrs on May 13 th 2012 (a day that started off unusually cloudy) resulted in only males being seen. This bee was common in the Candelabra cactus zone (Browningia candelaris (Meyen) Britton & Rose) in April and May of 2012. The area had received an unusually large amount of rainfall earlier that year and vegetation was abundant. However, many plants were drying up and overall bee activity was considerably reduced by mid May although some T. operculata remained in strong bloom. It seems that M. inca flies later into the early winter in northern Chile than most other bees, only Centris spp. and Anthophora arequipensis Brèthes seemed more common this late in the year than in April.	en	Packer, Laurence, Dumesh, Sheila (2012): Mirnapis ohloweni Packer and Dumesh, new species with notes on M. inca Urban (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerini). Zootaxa 3478: 113-122, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209404
