taxonID	type	description	language	source
D53C87D6F951FFA6FC63FCDFFBBD1F63.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F951FFA0FC79FB69FF681A7D.taxon	description	Species and distribution. After the removal of pepsoides Smith to Quandrus, there are six described species from the Palearctic region, southern China, and north-western India (Yu & Horstmann, 1997). Autapomorphies. Apical margin of clypeus medially produced as blunt tooth (# 5 – 1). Alternate combinations [in the absence of C. exaltatoria (Panzer)]: (1) postpetiole of T 1 rugosopunctate (# 48 – 0), S 2 - 3 divided, S 4 - 5 entire (# 55 – 1), or (2) # s 5 – 1, 48 – 0, and 55 – 1. Comments. As discussed above (Taxonomy), Callajoppa is maintained in the traditional sense after the removal of pepsoides. Although Heinrich (1962) recorded C. cirrogaster (Schrank) from the Nearctic on the basis of two old specimens collected in Toronto, Canada (CNCI), Townes et al. (1965) believed them to be mislabelled. Their position is bolstered by the failure to find more specimens despite subsequent intensive collecting in southeastern Canada. Biology. Although dozens of records indicate that Callajoppa species are larval-pupal parasitoids of Sphingidae, almost all of them are poorly documented. Well supported records place C. exaltatoria (Panzer) on Smerinthus planus Walker (Uchida, 1926); Heinrich (1960) asserts without evidence that it is monophagous on Sphinx ligustri L. Hopper (1939), Kaltenbach (1874), Meyer (1933), Morley (1903, 1915), Pittaway (1993), Schmiedeknecht (1930), and Uchida (1924, 1926, 1930, 1932) together report another 14 sphingid host species (in seven genera) for C. cirrogaster (Shrank) and eight (in six genera) for C. exaltatoria. However, the unreliability of these records (no voucher materials or supporting biological data) renders further discussion of host-association patterns within Callajoppa groundless, particularly as we have found that misidentifications of parasitoid and host materials for these species are not uncommon. No corroborating evidence supports associations with hosts other than Sphingidae. Such reports include C. exaltatoria on Dendrolimus pini (L.) (Lasiocampidae) (Meyer, 1933); C. quebecensis (Provancher) on Eacles imperialis (Drury) (Saturniidae) (Heinrich, 1962); and C. cirrogaster (Schrank) on Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lymantriidae) (Meyer, 1933), Dendrolimus sp. (Meyer, 1933), Papilio machaon L. and P. hospiton Géné (Papilionidae) (Schmiedeknecht, 1930; Meyer, 1933).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F957FFA0FEC7FE06FED51D65.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Ventral mandibular tooth absent (# 12 – 2); median longitudinal carina of propodeum absent posteriad anterior transverse carina (# 33 – 1); first and second lateral areas finely and contiguously punctate (# 35 – 1). Comments. When describing Catadelphops (sensu stricto: consisting of only C. buccatus), Heinrich argued that it should be placed in the Heresiarchini (Heinrich, 1962: 863): ‘ [T] he carination of the propodeum is more complete and regular than in Catadelphus, the area superomedia being clearly defined, hexagonal. In this respect the type-species is still more closely related to Amblyjoppa Cameron than is Catadelphus. ’ The areola (Heinrich’s ‘ area superomedia’) may be regularly hexagonal, but it is small and the same size as typical for the Callajoppa genusgroup. Furthermore, it is filled-in in more than half the specimens. Heinrich ignored the important propodeal characters of an abruptly sloping anterior margin (# 25 – 1) and a steeply sloping lateral profile (# 37 – 2). Needless to say, Heinrich’s postulated relationship to Amblyjoppa was not confirmed. A similar line of reasoning led Heinrich to place Neamblyjoppa in the Heresiarchini (Heinrich, 1962). Synonymization of Neamblyjoppa with Catadelphops seemed the best course, as these monotypic genera have a sister-group relationship and are found in the same geographical area. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F957FFA0FEDEF97FFB961E61.taxon	description	North America (Yu & Horstmann, 1997). Autapomorphies. Juxtacoxal carina present (# 22 – 0); propodeum with median longitudinal carina present anteriad anterior transverse carina (# 32 – 0); S 2 - 3 divided, S 4 - 5 entire (# 55 – 1). Comments. Heinrich placed great importance on cell 1 + 2 Rs of the fore wing as a primary defining character of Callajoppina, discussing it at length in Heinrich (1967) where he stated that the cell had ‘ ... a clear and constant tendency to be petiolate and obliquely trapezoidal by prolongation of the second intercubitus [vein 3 r-m] and abbreviation of the second abcissa of cubitus [vein 2 / Rs]. ’ He later moved Catadelphus to the Heresiarchini (Heinrich, 1971: 967 – 968), on the grounds that the cell is not petiolate and that the constituent veins are of equal length (Heinrich, 1962: 810). Unfortunately, direct examination reveals that the veins are not equal (vein 2 / R s <vein 3 r-m, # 40 – 1). The present study shows the petiolate cell to be the result of a complex series of acquisition and loss in the Callajoppa genus-group, and it cannot be used as a defining character above the generic level. Biology. No specimens are associated with host remains, but several independent reports indicate that Catadelphus species are parasitoids of Sphingidae, possibly specializing on Macroglossini. Catadelphus atrox (Cresson) is recorded from Proserpinus juanita (Strecker) (Hopper, 1939) and C. arrogator (Fabricius) from P. proserpina (Pallas) and Hyles gallii (Rottemburg) (Morley, 1915; Schmiedeknecht, 1930; Pittaway, 1993). These records are supported by Schmiedeknecht’s (1930) observation that the adults of C. arrogator are associated with Epilobium, the usual food plant for all three of the hosts listed above. Biological similarities among the reported host species also support the notion of Catadelphus using all three: they feed principally on herbs in the Onagraceae and overwinter in loose cocoons in the leaf litter (Hodges, 1971; Pittaway, 1993).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F957FFA1FC5CFA63FAE41AE7.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 about 2.0 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without paired median ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena convex in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum strongly convex, shelf-like; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced and completely filled-in, appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina complete, median section not swollen; posterior transverse carina weak but complete; lateral longitudinal carinae complete; median longitudinal carinae absent. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleuron rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina present. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M about 3.1 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 about 1.1 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field absent, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine contiguous punctures. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 barely projecting beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Median longitudinal carina of absent (# 33 – 1). Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is feminine. Species and distribution. There is one species, Charmedia chavarriai, found in Costa Rica. Biology. A series of rearings establishes C. chavarriai as a larval – pupal parasitoid of Sphingidae, probably specializing on species of Xylophanes (D. Janzen, pers. comm.). The hosts, all collected as nearly mature larvae on Rubiaceae, include Xylophanes chiron (Drury) and X. hannemanni (Closs) on Psychotria horizontalis Swartz, X. ceratomioides (Grote & Robinson) on Hamelia patens Jacquin (3 specimens), X. crotonis (Walker) on Psychotria panamensis Standl and Coussarea carliana [Rubiaceae]., and X. juanita Rothschild & Jordan on Psychotria pubescens [Rubiaceae]. (Costa Rica: Area de Conservación Guanacaste; ‘ 95 - SRNP- 9318 ’, ‘ 96 - SRNP- 183 ’, ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1912 ’, ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1913 ’, ‘ 99 - SRNP- 650 ’, ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1892 ’, ‘ 99 - SRNP- 938 ’, ‘ 99 - SRNP- 8735 ’, respectively [AEIC, JHIC]). Additional specimens (see paratype data, below) have been reared from X. amadis Stoll (Costa Rica: Monteverde [JHIC]) and from a pupa of Xylophanes (determination by D. Janzen) (Panama: Chiriquí, Aiello lot 93 – 32 [STRI]). Detailed rearing records for all specimens reared by D. Janzen and W. Hallwachs ([JHIC] and other materials listed with ‘ SRNP’ identification codes), including Charmedia and genera discussed below, can be found at the website http: // www. janzen. sas. upenn. edu	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F956FFA2FCA8FDEDFBB71A9D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Charmedia, and by the overall black colouration and patterned wings. Female. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Overall colour black with faint bluish overtones. Following areas yellowish-white: paraocular area, gena bordering posterior margin of eye, labrum, apical 0.5 of ventral surface of middle basitarsus, hind tarsus except for fuscous 0.2 of basitarsus and tarsomore 5. Fore and middle legs fuscous beyond trochantellus, with apex of fore femur and ventral surface of fore tibia somewhat lighter. Fore wing clear with two dark brown bands. Hind wing clear except for dark brown of cell C and apical 0.2 (Fig. 72). Length. 19.5 – 21.8 mm (21.8 mm); fore wing 18.3 – 19.0 mm (17.9 mm). Male. Structure. As for female. Colour. Similar to female except that yellowish-white areas vary from that found in females to the following extreme: clypeus except for median fuscous marks at base and centre; supraclypeal area; paraocular area; gena bordering posterior margin of eye; malar space; ventral margin of propleuron; pronotal flange except for median 0.3; short strip on dorsal margin of posterior dorsal corner of pronotum; following areas of mesopleuron: area surrounding epicnemial carina, subalar ridge, anterior 0.5 of hypoepimeron, and ventral posterior corner; apical 0.7 of anterior surface of fore coxa; apical 0.5 of anterior face of middle coxa. Length. 19.1 – 21.0 mm; forewing 16.0 – 18.3 mm. Type material. Holotype ♀, COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, Lambert coord. 330200 – 380200, 800 – 1600 m, 12 – 17. vii. 1993, ‘ INBIO CRI 001 954550 ’ (Garcia) [INBC]. Condition of holotype: intact except right antenna broken beyond flagellomere 38 and left antenna broken beyond flagellomere 32. Paratypes: COSTA RICA: 1 ♂, Alajuela, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector San Rámon, Lambert coord. 318100 – 381900, 620 m, 27. iv- 23. vi. 1994, ‘ INBIO CRI 001899308 ’ (Araya) [AEIC]; 1 ♂, same data as holotype except ‘ INBIO CRI 001824278 ’ (Carballo) [INBC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Gongora, Lambert coord. 318600 – 375150, 560 m, ex Xylophanes chiron (larva collected 6. ix. 1995, wasp emerged from host pupa 14. x. 1995), ‘ 95 - SRNP- 9318 ’ [JHIC]; 1 ♀, same data as preceding except ex Xylophanes hannemanni (host larva collected 23. i. 1996, wasp emerged from host pupa 26. iii. 1996), ‘ 96 - SRNP- 183 ’ [JHIC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Nayo, Lambert coord. 322450 – 375250, 1000 m, ex Xylophanes ceratomioides (host larva collected 21. x. 1997, wasp emerged from host pupa 6. xii. 1997) ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1913 ’ (Moraga) [JHIC]; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except wasp emerged 6. xii. 1997 ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1912 ’ [AEIC]; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except ex Xylophanes crotonis (host larva collected 10. x. 1997, wasp emerged from host pupa 8. xii. 1997) ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1892 ’ [JHIC]; 1 ♀, same data as preceding except host larva collected 17. vi. 1999 and wasp emerged from host pupa 22. viii. 1999 ‘ 99 - SRNP- 938 ’ (Ramirez) [AEIC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Sendero Derrumbe, Lambert coord. 323300 – 376300, 1300 m, ex Xylophanes sp. (host larva collected 9. vi. 1997, wasp emerged from host pupa 30. vii. 1997) ‘ 97 - SRNP- 1251 ’ [AEIC]; 1 ♀, same locality data as above, ex Xylophanes ceratomioides (host larva collected 17. v. 1999, wasp emerged from host pupa 4. viii. 1999) ‘ 99 - SRNP- 650 ’ (Pereira) [AEIC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Estación Martiza, Lambert coord. 326900 – 373000, 600 m, 1. viii- 1. x. 1992, ‘ INBIO CRI 001931006 ’ [INBC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Estación Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecillia, Lambert coord. 330200 – 380200, 700 m 1995, ‘ INBIO CRI 002131397 ’ (Moraga) [AEIC]; 2 ♀♀, same data as preceding except collected 19. v- 3. vi. 1993 ‘ INBIO CRI 001342234 ’, 31. iii- 15. iv. 1992 ‘ INBIO CRI 000706600 ’ [AEIC, INBC]; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except collected 27. ii- 2. iii. 1989 ‘ INBIO CRI 000603517 ’ (Miranda) [INBC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humido, Lambert coord. 314800 – 360500, 300 m, ex Xylophanes juanita. (host larva collected 7. vi. 1999, wasp emerged from host pupa 26. vii. 1999) ‘ 99 - SRNP- 8735 ’ [DHIC]; 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Monteverde, San Luis, Lambert coord. 250850 – 449250, 1040 m ‘ INBIO CRI 000 842771 ’ (Fuentes) [AEIC]; 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Monteverde, ‘ Hoge’s Lower Farm’, ex Xylophanes amadis (host larva collected 2. xii. 1978, wasp emerged from host pupa 16. ii. 1979) (Haber) [JHIC]. PANAMA: 1 ♂, Chiriquí, Quebrada La Mina, near Hornito, 1400 m, ex Xylophanes (host larva collected 6. v. 1993, wasp emerged from host pupa 26. v. 1993), Aiello lot 93 – 32 [STRI]; 1 ♂, Canal Zone, Barro Colourado Island, 10. viii. 1977 (Kimsey & Kimsey) [UCDC]. Etymology. Named after Sr. Luis Felipe Chavarría Días, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the invention, development, and evolution of biodiversity prospecting at INBio and the Area de Conservación Guanacaste.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F955FFA2FC03FE1AFBB91864.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Scutellum moderately convex (# 20 – 0); anterior margin of propodeum forming narrow groove with metapostnotum (# 25 – 0); cell 12 Rs of fore wing with veins 2 / Rs and 3 rs-m of equal length (# 40 – 0); postpetiole of MS 1 with basal conical projection (# 45 – 2). Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F955FFA2FC74FC77FC5E1D7B.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Flagellomeres of male with tyloids (# 3 – 0); median longitudinal carinae present anteriad anterior transverse carina (# 32 – 0). Biology. Host data are available only for C. brullei (Cresson), which has been reared from the sphingid Manduca sexta (L.) (Heinrich 1962). Hopper (1939) lists three more sphingid hosts for this species – Paonias astyalus (Drury), P. myops (J. E. Smith), and Dolba hylaeus (Drury) – and mentions P. myops as a host of C. copei (Cresson), but these records are completely unsupported. Heinrich (1962) discusses a specimen of C. quebecensis (Provancher) that, according to the label, was reared from the saturniid moth Eacles imperialis Drury; host remains were not preserved, however, and Heinrich himself doubted the record [which is, incidentally, reiterated without comment in Carlson (1979)].	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F955FFA3FC73F97FFE2A1AD8.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Gena flat and sharply receding (# 15 – 2); scutellum moderately convex (# 20 – 0); median longitudinal carinae of T 1 complete and extending to apex (# 46 – 0); postpetiole of T 1 rugosopunctate (# 48 – 0). Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F954FFA3FEC2FDCBFBE31E23.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 1.3 – 1.8 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male lacking tyloids. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 90 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 thinned, apical margin straight and with weak median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without paired median ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena swollen in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum strongly convex, often shelf-like, or strongly convex with planar surfaces and forming a more or less acute angle in lateral view; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced and partially to completely filled-in, latter state appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina complete, median section not swollen; posterior transverse carina complete; lateral longitudinal carinae complete; median longitudinal carinae, basad anterior transverse carina, either close together on raised areas or fused into single carina; median longitudinal carinae, apicad anterior transverse carina, present or absent. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures and second lateral area rugosopunctate, or both finely and contiguously punctate. Metapleuron weakly rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina present or absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping or (in one species) evenly convex. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception either at midpoint or apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M 1.5 – 2.3 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 0.9 – 1.4 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole with or without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field present, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal rugae. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine contiguous punctures. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided and S 3 - 5 entire, or S 2 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 barely projecting beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous Autapomorphies. Propodeum with median longitudinal carinae anteriad apical transverse carina close together on raised area (# 32 – 1); metapleuron with small contiguous / confluent punctures and without rugae (# 36 – 2); cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing with vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (# 41 – 1). Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is feminine. Species and distribution. There is one described species, D. hansoni, and nine undescribed species [AEIC, CCCP, IMLA, JHIC, NHML, UCDC], distributed from Mexico to Argentina. Biology. The holotype and paratype specimens of D. hansoni (see below) were reared as larval-pupal parasitoids of the sphingid Erinnyis ello (L.). The hosts were collected as final-instar larvae on Euphorbiaceae (D. Janzen, pers. comm.). In addition, this parasitoid has been reared from Manduca occulta (Rothschild & Jordan) on Cestrum glanduliferum (Solanaceae) (Costa Rica: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, “ 91 - SRNP- 1260 ” [JHIC]), also collected in the final instar (D. Janzen, pers. comm.).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F954FFACFCB7FA40FF4C1ECC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Dothenia, and from the other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: fuscous to black overall colour without bluish tint or overtone, dark brown wings, brownish-red annulus of flagellum, concave clypeal apex, strongly convex and shelf-like scutellum (without planar surfaces that form an acute angle), basally convex postpetiole, strongly rugose S 1, and divided S 2 and entire S 3 - 5. Female. Structure. Clypeal apex concave. Scutellum strongly convex and shelf-like. Postpetiole of MS 1 with basal convexity. First and second lateral areas finely and contiguously punctate, rugae absent. S 1 strongly rugose, appearing serrated in lateral view. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Other characters as in generic description. Colour. Uniformly fuscous to black. Clypeus, paraocular area to level of antennal socket, and basal 0.8 of mandible, varying independently from fuscous to deep brownish red. Flagellomeres 9 – 21 of antenna brownish-red. Wings uniformly dark brown. Length. 24.4 – 27.1 mm (27.1 mm); fore wing 21.3 – 23.7 mm (21.3 mm). Male. Structure. As for female. Colour. Similar to female except that flagellomeres 13 – 31 are brownish red. Length. 25.6 – 28.6 mm (28.2 mm); fore wing 21.8 mm- 23.6 mm (22.1 mm). Type material. Holotype ♀, COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Estación Cacao, Lambert coord. 323150 – 375650, 1120 m, ex Erinnyis ello (host larva collected 4. ii. 1999, wasp emerged from host pupa 29. iii. 1999), ‘ 99 - SRNP- 107 ’ (Ramirez) [AEIC]. Condition of holotype: intact. Paratypes: 2 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂, same data as preceding except host larvae collected 4. ii. 1999 and wasps emerged from host pupae 27. iii- 31. iii. 1999), ‘ 99 - SRNP- 92, 97, 98, and 106 ’ (Ramirez) [AEIC, JHIC]; 1 ♂, same data as preceding except host larva collected 5. ii. 1999 and wasp emerged from host pupa on 28. iii. 1999, ‘ 99 - SRNP- 130 ’ [JHIC]; 2 ♂♂, Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, 17. vii. 1978, Dry Hill (Janzen) [AEIC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque San Emilio, Lambert coord. 313800 – 359800, 300 m, ex Erinnys ello (host larva collected 2. viii. 1984, wasp emerged from host pupa 29. viii. 1984), ‘ 84 - SRNP- 1624 ’ (Janzen) [JHIC] Etymology. Named after Paul Hanson, chalcidologist and indefatigable collector of Costa Rican Hymenoptera. Comments. The brownish-red colouration of the male flagellum can be quite variable, in terms of presence (can be restricted to flagellomeres 18 – 25) and extent (ranging from absent to present only on the dorsal surface).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95BFFACFEFDF9C7FED51C7A.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Epicnemial carina dorsally incomplete (# 19 – 1); scutellum with lateral carinae extending to basal 0.5 scutellar length (# 21 – 1); juxtacoxal carina absent (# 22 – 1); posterior transverse carina of propodeum medially incomplete (# 30 – 1). Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95BFFACFC60FF02FC091F28.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Apical margin of clypeus concave (# 4 – 1); scutellum conical (# 20 – 2); propodeum with median longitudinal carinae anteriad anterior transverse carina present (# 32 – 0); median longitudinal carinae of T 1 apically incomplete (# 46 – 1); S 2 - 3 divided, S 4 - 5 entire (# 55 – 1). Alternate combinations: (1) # s 4 – 1, 20 – 2, and 55 – 1, or (2) # s 4 – 1, 20 – 2, 32 – 0, and 55 – 1. Biology. G. obsidianator is a larval-pupal parasitoid of Sphingidae; it has been reared from Amphion floridensis B. P. Clark attacked as third- and fifth-instars (Sime & Wahl, 1998). The association of male and female G. obsidianator with grapevines (Heinrich 1962, 1977) suggests that this species specializes on Vitaceae-feeding sphingids (of which there are at least 10 species in its range (Hodges 1971 )), but the degree of specificity is unknown. Reports of G. obsidianator attacking Papilio polyxenes Fabricius (Papilionidae) and Pyrrharctia isabella (J. E. Smith) (Arctiidae) (Weed, 1888; Howard, 1889; Bischoff, 1915; Hopper, 1939) are not corroborated by voucher specimens or recent records; we consider them implausible.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95BFFACFC57FBB4FA2E1C7A.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 about 1.6 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male unknown. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 90 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena swollen in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum strongly convex with planar surfaces and forming a more or less acute angle in lateral view; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F959FFAEFF09F99BFC271848.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Humbert, and by the striking colour combination of a black body with metallic blue and green tints and fuscous wings. Female. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Head and mesosoma black with metallic blue tints, except for dark brown of antenna, fore tibia, and tarsi. Metasoma black with metallic green tints. Wings uniformly dark brown. Length. 22.9 – 24.8 mm (22.9 mm); fore wing 20.1 – 20.6 mm (20.1 mm). Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♀, BRAZIL: Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, xi. 1970 (Plaumann) [AEIC]. Condition of holotype: intact except left antenna broken beyond flagellomere 17 and left forewing with tear in cell R. Paratype: 1 ♀, same data as holotype [AEIC]. Etymology. Named after the aforementioned Humbert Humbert.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F959FFAFFC58FCBBFEC718F1.taxon	description	Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum conical; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced, completely filled-in and appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina complete; lateral longitudinal carinae present; median longitudinal carinae absent. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleuron rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M 2.5 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view evenly curved with highest point at middle, petiole laterally compressed (similar to Fig. 24); sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 about 0.9 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; median longitudinal carinae absent, median field present, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 with longitudinal rugae restricted to median basal 0.2 of T 2, absent on other tergites. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with normal punctures separated by about 0.5 ¥ their diameter. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 projecting well beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Scutellum conical (# 20 – 2); median longitudinal carinae of propodeum absent (# 33 – 1); MS 1 in profile evenly curved with highest point at middle, petiole laterally compressed (# 42 – 1). Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is feminine. Species and distribution. There is one species, Laderrica feenyi, found in Brazil. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F958FFAFFF25FB92FDA31C7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Laderrica. Female. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Overall colour brownish yellow. Following areas dark brown: antenna except for medial surface of scape; supra-antennal area; vertex; dorsal 0.3 of gena; dorsal 0.3 of lateral area of pronotum except for dorsal posterior corner; mesoscutum; fore and middle tarsi; dorsal surface of middle tibia; hind leg: posterior condyles of coxa, apical 0.7 of femur, tibia, basal 0.2 and apical 0.2 of basitarsus, and tarsomeres 2 – 5. Following areas fuscous: basal 0.5 of T 3 except for apical lateral corners, T 4 - 7, and S 5 - 6. Wings clear except for light brown of apical 0.2 of fore wing. Length. 15.6 mm; fore wing 13.7 (mm). Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♀, BRAZIL: Nova Teutonia, 27 ° 11 ¢ S, 52 ° 23 ¢ W; 8. ii. 1939, “ B. M. 1939 – 181 ” (Plaumann) [NHML]. Condition of holotype: intact. Etymology. Named after Paul Feeny, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the study of the biology of swallowtail butterflies.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F958FFA8FC64FF02FD291857.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 1.8 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present (weak) or absent. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an acute angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and with weak median projection present or absent. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena flat and sharply receding in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete or incomplete. Scutellum weakly convex; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola small (about 3.0 ¥ as wide as long, not reduced to boss) or absent. Anterior transverse carina complete or incomplete, median section not swollen when complete; posterior transverse carina complete or absent; lateral longitudinal carinae complete or absent; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present or absent apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area with punctures ranging from uniformly distributed to widely scattered; second lateral area with scattered punctures. Metapleuron with surface sculpture ranging from widely scattered punctures to rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M 2.1 – 5.8 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 0.9 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field absent, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal rugae. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine punctures separated by 0.5 ¥ their diameter to contiguous. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided and S 3 - 5 entire, or S 2 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 projecting well beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible produced as low flange (# 17 – 1); areola small (about 3.0 ¥ as wide as long) but not reduced to boss (# 27 – 0); first lateral area with punctures ranging from uniformly distributed to scattered or absent, second lateral area with scattered punctures (# 35 – 2); postpetiole of T 1 with median field absent (# 47 – 1), and with fine and dense punctures, no trace of rugae (# 48 – 2). Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is feminine. Species and distribution. There is one described species, Lagavula gauldi, and four undescribed species [AEIC, IMLA, INBC], distributed from Costa Rica to Argentina. Biology. Lagavula gauldi has been reared from Aleuron iphis (Walker) (Sphingidae) on Tetracera volubilis L. (Dilleniaceae) (Costa Rica: Guanacaste (see paratype data, below), ‘ 94 - SRNP- 10018 ’ [AEIC]). It is a larval-pupal parasitoid; the host was collected in the penultimate instar (D. Janzen, pers. comm.).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95FFFA8FF13FC5DFC5718D2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Lagavula, and from the other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: ventral 0.5 of mesopleuron with punctures on polished surface, punctures separated by about 1 – 2 ¥ their diameter (vs. ventral 0.5 with closely spaced vertical rugae); areola present albeit weakly defined; base of propodeum strongly elevated; predominately brownish yellow colour of body; banded fore wing (Fig. 73). Female. Structure. Ventral 0.5 of mesopleuron with punctures on polished surface, punctures separated by about 1 – 2 ¥ their diameter. Areola present albeit weakly defined. Base of propodeum strongly elevated. Other characters as in generic description. Colour. Overall colour brownish yellow. Following areas fuscous / black: two parallel stripes on supraclypeal area; supra-antennal area; vertex; dorsal 0.7 of gena and region bordering eye; dorsal 0.4 of occiput; antenna; pronotum except for extreme posterior ventral corner; mesoscutum; scutellum except for apical 0.2; mesopleuron except for posterior 0.5 of hypoepimeron, ventral 0.5 of epicnemium, and ventral posterior corner; hind leg except for basal 0.7 of coxa and apical 0.5 of femur (except for extreme apex); apical 0.2 of T 3, and T 4 - 6; S 4 - 6. Fore and hind legs with following dark brown: ovoid near apex of posterior face of femur, tarsomeres 2 – 4 of fore leg, and middle tarsus. Ground colour of wings light yellow: fore wing with two dark brown bands (Fig. 73), hind wing with extreme apex dark brown. Length. 17.9 mm; fore wing 14.9 mm. Male. Structure. As in female. Colour. As in female except: supraclypeal area, with exception of paraocular area, can be fuscous to dark brown; fuscous of mesopleuron can be restricted to dorsal 0.5, leaving epicnemium entirely brownish yellow; S 4 brownish yellow. Length. 15.2 – 17.9 mm; fore wing 13.4 – 14.9 mm. Type material. Holotype ♀, COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Orosi, Estación Maritza, Lambert coord. 326900 – 373000, 600 m 1990, ‘ INBIO CRI 000713326 ’ [INBC]. Condition of holotype: intact except left antenna broken beyond flagellomere 3, and right antenna broken beyond flagellomere 12. Paratypes: COSTA RICA, 1 ♂, same data as holotype except collected viii. 1990 ‘ INBIO CRI 000289722 ’ [INBC]; 1 ♂, Guanacaste: Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector El Hacha, Agua Buena, Lambert coord. 334900 – 364100, 220 m, ex Aleuron iphis (host larva collected 14. xi. 1994, wasp emerged from host pupa 31. xii. 1994), ‘ 94 - SRNP- 10018 ’ (Janzen) [AEIC]. Etymology. Named after Ian Gauld, ichneumonologist of the first rank.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95FFFA8FC5CFBD0FA2E1C7A.taxon	description	Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum moderately convex; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced and completely filled-in, appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina complete or absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95DFFABFC5BFB10FEC71E8F.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female unknown; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 90 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and with weak median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena convex in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face convex. Epicnemial carina dorsally incomplete. Scutellum strongly convex; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced and completely filled-in, appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina complete, median section not swollen; posterior transverse carina complete; lateral longitudinal carinae complete; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present apicad anterior transverse carina. First and second lateral area with fine contiguous punctures. Metapleuron weakly rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa unknown. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing pointed, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception at midpoint of posterior margin. MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 1.4 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1, basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field present, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal rugae. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine punctures separated by 0.3 – 0.5 ¥ their diameter. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma not known. Autapomorphies. Apical margin of clypeus with weak median tooth (# 5 – 1); occipital carina with ventral region above mandible produced as low flange (# 17 – 1); scutellum moderately convex (# 20 – 0), and first and second lateral areas finely and contiguously punctate (# 35 – 1). Alternate combination: # s 17 – 1, 20 – 0, and 35 – 1. Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is masculine. Species and distribution. There is one described species, Myocious orientalis, found in northern India. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95CFFABFF1EFA05FA9F1FC7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Myocious. Female. Unknown. Male. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Head yellow, the following fuscous: median 0.3 of supra-antennal area; vertex; gena adjacent to occipital carina and mandibular base. Antenna with scape and pedicel dorsally fuscous; flagellum with ventral surface brown, dorsal surface dark brown. Overall colour of mesosoma fuscous, the following yellow: propleuron; flange, dorsal margin, and ventral posterior corner of pronotum; following areas of mesopleuron: anterior margin, subalar ridge, posterior 0.5 of epicnemium, triangular area comprising ventral 0.2 of mesepisternum and extending for 0.5 ¥ its length; mesopleural venter; two lines extending from notauli to their convergence at mesoscutal apex; median 0.5 of scutellum; anterior margin and central convexity of metanotum; following areas of propodeum: carinae, most of second lateral area, and apical margin. Head and mesosoma with often with reddish yellow region between fuscous and yellow areas. Hind leg overall brownish red; dorsal surface and apical 0.5 of ventral surface of coxa, apical 0.3 of ventral surface of femur, apical 0.1 of tibia, and tarsus except for basal 0.2 of basitarsus, dark brown to fuscous; anterior surfaces of trochanter and trochantellus, basal 0.2 of basitarsus, brownish yellow. Metasoma overall brownish red; basal 0.7 of petiolar dorsum dark brown; T 2 - 5 with pattern of basal fuscous and apical yellow on brownish red ground, fuscous comprising basal 0.5 of T 2 and progressively reduced to basal 0.2 on T 5. Wings light yellow except for light brown of apical 0.2 of fore wing and apical 0.1 of hind wing. Length. 18.7 – 20.7 mm (18.7 mm); fore wing 14.5 – 15.6 mm (14.5 mm). Type material. Holotype ♂, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Barkot, 4000 ft., 21. v. 1967, ‘ no. 281 ’ (Ram) [AEIC]. Condition of holotype: intact except left antenna broken beyond flagellomere 25, tarsomeres 4 – 5 of right fore leg missing, tarsomeres 2 – 5 of left hind leg missing, and tarsomere 5 of right hind leg missing. Paratype ♂, INDIA: Uttar Pradesh, Kashi, Ranajeet, 21. v. 1967, ‘ no. 280 ’ (Gupta) [AEIC]. Etymology. From the Latin orientalis, of the east, in reference to the specimens’ place of origin.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F95CFF94FC0AFACDFED51906.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Anterior margin of propodeum forming normal groove with metapostnotum (# 25 – 0); areola large and well-defined by constituent carina (# 27 – 0), triangular in shape; propodeum with median longitudinal carinae anteriad anterior transverse carina present (# 32 – 0); propodeum in lateral view with distinguishable dorsal and postero-dorsal faces which meet at an angle (37 – 0). Alternate combination: # s 25 – 0, 27 – 0, and 37 – 0. Comments. Heinrich (1967) discussed the defining characters of Trogini, emphasizing propodeal structure and areolet shape (see above, Classificatory History). Pepsijoppa was ‘ rather problematic’ (Heinrich 1967: 238) as it was ‘ closest in general appearance’ to the Callajoppina, lacked the characteristic evenly convex propodeal outline and reduced areola (which thus seemed to ‘ indicate some relationship to the Protichneumonini’), but yet had cell 1 + 2 Rs in the usual callajoppine configuration. Heinrich thought the genus was ‘ best placed in the Trogini, without attributing it to one of the two named subtribes. It may perhaps represent an ancient form. ’ The analysis, however, shows it to be placed well within the traditional Callajoppina. The species is highly derived and characterized by a suite of reversals. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F963FF94FF30FD8CFBC21EAE.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 1.5 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 90 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena convex in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum conical; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola reduced and partially filled-in. Anterior transverse carina complete, median section not swollen; posterior transverse carina complete; lateral longitudinal carinae complete; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleuron rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina present. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 mcu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M about 1.3 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 about 1.1 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field present, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 with longitudinal rugae restricted to median basal 0.1 of T 2, absent on other tergites. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine contiguous punctures. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 barely projecting beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Apical margin of clypeus simple (# 5 – 0); scutellum conical (# 20 – 2); metapleuron with small, contiguous punctures and without rugae (# 36 – 2); cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing with vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (# 41 – 1). Alternate combination: # s 20 – 2, 36 – 3, and 41 – 1. Etymology. The generic name is a euphonious combination of letters with no meaning. Its gender is masculine. Species and distribution. There is one species, Quandrus pepsoides, found in China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan. Comments. Q. pepsoides was formerly placed in Callajoppa (see Taxonomy, above). Biology. Quandrus pepsoides is a larval-pupal parasitoid of Sphingidae, possibly limited to Sphingini. Mell & Heinrich (1931) report as hosts Acherontia lachesis (Fabricius), A. styx (Westwood), Meganoton rufescens (Butler), and Psilogramma menephron (Cramer); Uéda (1956) adds Psilogramma increta (Walker). These hosts use an unusually broad array of plants, including Annonaceae, Verbenaceae, Oleaceae, Convolvulaceae, and Solanaceae (Mell, 1922). In southern China, Q. pepsoides is a particularly common parasitoid of M. rufescens, with parasitism rates as high as 45 % (15 of 33 pupae; Mell & Heinrich, 1931). References (e. g. Townes et al., 1965) to Papilio xuthus L. (Papilionidae) as a host are apparently based on a single report (Ohtsuka, 1947) which should be viewed skeptically: P. xuthus is exceptionally well studied (Watanabe, 1981), and among frequent reports of other parasitoids there are no additional records of Q. pepsoides attacking this host.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F963FF94FC54FA24FA2E1C7A.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 about 2.0 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F961FF96FC74FC7CFBBD1D74.taxon	description	Autapomorphies. Punctures of first lateral area sparse and scattered (# 34 – 1); S 2 - 3 divided, S 3 partly divided, S 4 - 5 entire (# 55 – 1). Species and distribution. There are two described species (Yu & Horstmann, 1997), and at least three undescribed species [AEIC], from Central and South America. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F961FF97FC7EF97FFD3F1857.taxon	description	pronotal flange low and with posterior face convex (# 18 – 1); juxtacoxal carina present (# 22 – 0); metapleuron rugosopunctate, with long and transverse rugae (# 36 – 1). Species and distribution. There is one species, Tmetogaster nubilipennis, from eastern North America. Biology. Several records establish T. nubilipennis as a larval – pupal parasitoid of Sphingidae. We have examined two specimens [NMNH] reared from Paonias myops. Hopper (1939) lists ‘ Ampelophaga sp. ’, apparently an erroneous reference either to the species ampelophaga Walker (synonym Eumorpha pandorus (Hübner )) or to the genus Ampeloeca (Darapsa). Heinrich 1962 used the latter interpretation and supported the record with an observation of a female captured at Vitis plants infested with D. myron (Cramer) larvae. Hopper (1939) also provides an unverifiable record of Sphecodina abbottii (Swainson), another Vitaceaefeeding sphingid (Hodges, 1971). His reports of T. nubilipennis attacking Pyrrharctia isabella (Arctiidae) and Papilio polyxenes (Papilionidae) (Hopper, 1939) are also not corroborated by specimens or biological data and must be considered implausible.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F960FF90FEC3FC5AFED51924.taxon	description	Viereck 1913). Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 2.0 – 2.2 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena flat and sharply receding in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum strongly convex, sometimes with planar surfaces and forming a more or less acute angle in lateral view; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Basal area and areola separated by anterior transverse carina. Areola reduced and completely filled-in, appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina complete; lateral longitudinal carinae present or absent; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present or absent apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleuron regularly punctate. Juxtacoxal carina present. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M 2.2 – 4.2 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view evenly curved with highest point at middle (Fig. 23), petiole cylindrical; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 0.5 – 0.6 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field absent, punctures fine and dense and without rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal rugae. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with fine punctures separated by about 0.3 ¥ their diameter to contiguous. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 projecting well beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Juxtacoxal carina present (# 22 – 0); MS 1 in profile evenly curved with highest point at middle, petiole cylindrical (# 42 – 2); sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 0.5 – 0.6 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1 (# 43 – 1). Species and distribution. There are three described species (apicalis Kriechbaumer, cuspidiger Kriechbaumer, and nigriventris Kriechbaumer) and two undescribed species [NHML]. They are found in Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru. Comments. As interpreted by Townes (Townes & Townes 1966: 324) and Ward & Gauld (1987), the limits of Tricyphus were extremely vague and it was, in essence, a wastebasket group for New World sphingid parasitoids. The present study has radically redefined the genus and a new description is provided above. The North American species are placed in a new genus, Saranaca, and Tricyphus respinozai is moved to the new genus Mokajoppa. The holotype of cuspidiger could not be located in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien and is presumed lost. Morley (1915: 86) discussed a specimen in the Natural History Museum that he considered to be cuspidiger, although it is unlikely that he compared it with the type. It was collected by H. W. Bates ‘ on the Amazon and received in 1862 ’ (Morley, ibid.). That specimen has been located and it is in the same genus as apicalis and nigriventris. In the interest of nomenclatural stability, it is here designated as the neotype of cuspidiger. The label data are as follows: ‘ 62.56 ’ [handwritten, round label]; ‘ Amaz. ’ [handwritten, rectangular label]. T. cuspidiger may be distinguished from other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: juxtacoxal carina distinct and complete; median longitudinal carinae of the propodeum obsolete posteriad anterior transverse carina; black mesoscutum (except for brownish-yellow of notaular areas) and scutellum; brownish-yellow hind coxa. Vagaries of preservation have lead to some specimens appearing to have an undivided S 2. Careful examination will show the sternite to be divided into two sections. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F967FF90FF1AFDAFFC7D1FB8.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 about 1.8 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male unknown. Clypeus flat and wide, apicolateral margin forming an angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth turned under dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena swollen in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about 0.5 ¥ basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange low and with posterior face concave. Epicnemial carina dorsally complete. Scutellum moderately convex; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola completely filled-in, appearing as polished boss. Anterior transverse carina absent; posterior transverse carina weak but present; lateral longitudinal carinae weak but complete; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area weakly rugosopunctate. Metapleuron rugosopunctate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (vein 2 / M about 2.1 ¥ as long as vein 3 / M). MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 about 1.5 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carina absent, median field absent, punctures large and scattered. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 without longitudinal rugae. T 2 - 4 evenly convex, with normal punctures separated by 0.5 – 1.0 x their diameter. T 2 - 5 not basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 divided, S 3 - 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 7 - 8 projecting well beyond apex of T 6; amblypygous Autapomorphies. Apical 0.3 of clypeus thinned (# 6 – 1); ventral mandibular tooth turned under (# 12 – 1); basal area and areola confluent, anterior transverse carina absent (# 26 – 1); postpetiole of MS 1 without median field (# 47 – 1). Etymology. The genus is named after the musical group Tangerine Dream, the choice of discriminating ichneumonologists. From the Greek xanthos, yellow or yellowish-red (the closest equivalent to ‘ tangerine’ in a classical language) and the Latin somnium, dream. The gender is neuter. Species and distribution. There is one species, Xanthosomnium froesei, found in Costa Rica. Biology. The holotype of X. froesei was reared as a larval-pupal parasitoid of the sphingid Cautethia spuria (see holotype data, above; ‘ 98 - SRNP- 3514 ’ [AEIC]). The host was collected as a penultimate instar feeding on an unidentified species of Chiococca (Rubiaceae). The locality is at the upper elevational limit of lowland dry forest below Cerro Pedregal, in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Although over 500 Sphingidae of 17 species have been reared within one kilometer of this site, no other specimens of X. froesei have been encountered (D. Janzen, pers. comm.).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F967FF91FC8AFACDFDC91BF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Callajoppa genus-group by the characters given above in the generic description of Xanthosomnium, and by the uniformly brownish red colouration and light brown wings. Female. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Uniformly brownish-red except for dark brown of flagellomeres 14 – 42, and fuscous gastrocoelus. Wings uniformly light brown. Length. 20.2 mm; fore wing 15.6 mm. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♀, COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Sector Cacao, Cerro Pedregal, 1000 m, ex Cautethia spuria (host larva collected 2. ix. 1998, wasp emerged from host pupa 17. x. 1998), ‘ 98 - SRNP- 3514 ’ (Pereira) [AEIC]. Condition of holotype: intact except right antenna broken beyond flagellomere 12 (flagellomeres 13 – 37 mounted on point below specimen). Etymology. Named after Edgar Froese, the founder and continuity behind Tangerine Dream.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F966FF91FED6FC98FB4A1E80.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female bristle-shaped, with flagellomere 3 3.1 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male without tyloids. Clypeus narrow, basally with two lateral concavities, median concavity just above apical margin, apicolateral margin forming a rounded angle of approximately 40 °, punctures evenly distributed, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin straight and without median projection. Mandible long and evenly tapered to apex, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median paired ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena flat and receding in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange high and with posterior face flat. Epicnemial carina absent. Scutellum conical; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola not distinguishable, only anterior transverse carina appears to be present. Anterior transverse carina complete, median section swollen; posterior transverse carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent; median longitudinal carinae present, sections basad anterior transverse carina separated by low carina. First lateral area with regularly distributed punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleural sculpture regularly punctate. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing petiolate, vein 2 / Rs <3 r-m, vein 2 m-cu interception at midpoint of posterior margin. MS 1 in lateral view with petiole flattened, postpetiole convex; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 1.2 ¥ as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole without basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae absent, median field absent, regularly punctate. Ventral margin of T 2 simple. T 2 - 4 with weak longitudinal rugae over entire surface of each tergite. T 2 - 4 laterally weakly flattened, with normal punctures separated by about 0.3 ¥ their diameter to contiguous. T 2 - 5 basally constricted and without dorsolateral ridges. S 2 - 4 divided, S 5 entire. Apex of female metasoma with T 6 - 8 barely projecting beyond apex of T 5; amblypygous. Autapomorphies. Anterior transverse carina of propodeum medially swollen (# 29 – 1); cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing with vein 2 m-cu interception apicad midpoint of posterior margin (# 41 – 1); postpetiole of T 1 without distinct median field (# 47 – 1). Etymology. The genus is named after one of the harpooners in Melville’s novel Moby Dick. Species and distribution. There is one described species, and one undescribed species [AEIC], both found in El Salvador. Biology. Daggoo philoctetes has been reared from Parides photinus (Doubleday) (Papilionidae: Troidini) (El Salvador: Ahuachapán [NMNH]; see holotype data, below), and the undescribed species has been reared from Parides montezuma (Westwood) (El Salvador, Aug. 1995 [AEIC]). Both wasps emerged from the pupae; no other biological data are available. Given the toxicity and chemical uniqueness of the Troidini (Aristolochia - feeding Papilionidae), it is likely that Daggoo is restricted to this group, if not to Parides alone (Miller & Feeny 1989; Gauld & Gaston 1994). The hosts reported here feed on a variety of Aristolochia species (Tyler et al. 1994).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F966FF91FE8AFEEDFEC719F0.taxon	description	Species and distribution. There is one described species, and five undescribed species [AEIC], all found in northeastern Australia and New Guinea. Comments. The female specimen used by Gauld (1984) for his generic description could not be located and so all the specimens at hand were male. Consequently, the amblypygous hypopygium could not be entered into the data matrix. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F966FF92FCA1FA02FEF919EC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Trogus subgroup by the characters given above in the generic description of Daggoo, and from the other undescribed species in the genus by the following combination of characters: petiole with distinct flattened sides, apical 0.5 punctate (vs. petiole cylindrical and with apical 0.7 punctate); dorsal 0.4 of pronotum, mesoscutum, and central section of dorsal 0.5 of mesepisternum, fuscous (vs. size of dark areas reduced, and colour dark to light brown). Female. Structure. Petiole with distinct flattened sides, apical 0.5 punctate. Other characters as in generic description. Colour. Overall colour whitish yellow. Following areas fuscous: median 0.5 of supraantennal area, vertex, dorsal 0.3 of gena, dorsal 0.4 of lateral area of pronotum, central area of dorsal 0.5 of mesepisternum (excluding epicnemium), hind femur, apical 0.6 of hind tibia, hind tarsus, T 5 - 7, and S 5 - 6. Antenna dark brown except for except for light brown of ventral surface. Fore and middle legs beyond trochantellus brownish-red except for brown of tarsomeres 2 – 5. Wings yellow with brown banding as in Fig. 33. Length. 17.9 mm; fore wing 16.3 mm. Male. Unknown. Type material. Holotype ♀, EL SALVADOR: Ahuachapán, El Corozo, El Imposible, 9. vii. 1987, ‘ # 10 ex Parides photinus at 500 m’ (Serrano) [NMNH]. Condition of holotype: intact. Etymology. Named after Philoctetes, the Greek archer who slew Paris.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F965FF92FEDEFCE7FC6A1906.taxon	description	Species and distribution. There are nine described species in the genus, distributed from eastern Russia south to Java, Sumatra, and the Celebes. An undescribed species (Holcojoppa sp. 2) is found in El Salvador [AEIC]. Comments. As discussed above (see Taxonomy), four species have been moved from Trogus to Holcojoppa: bicolor (Radoszkowski), heinrichi (Uchida), mactator (Tosquinet), and tricephalus (Uchida). Biology. Holcojoppa species are larval – pupal parasitoids of Papilionidae. Species for which reliable records exist appear all but one to specialize on Rutaceae-feeding Papilio species: H. coelopyga (Morley) on Papilio helenus L. (Morley 1915), H. formosana (Matsumura) on P. polytes L. (Konishi, pers. comm.), H. heinrichi (Uchida) on P. memnon L. and P. protenor Cramer (Mell & Heinrich 1931), H. pyrina (Townes, Townes, & Gupta) on P. demolion Cramer (Waterston 1926) and P. polytes (Bascombe et al. 1999), and H. tricephalus (Uchida) on P. bianor Cramer and P. xuthus (Mell & Heinrich 1931). The exception is H. mactator, which has been reared from Graphium sarpedon (L.) feeding on Cinnamonum (Lauraceae) (Iwata 1961) and possibly from the umbellifer-feeder P. machaon (Uchida 1924, 1926; 1955), in addition to the Rutaceae-feeders P. xuthus (Watanabe 1979), P. maackii Ménétriés (Tosquinet, 1889), and P. bianor (Bischoff, 1915). Holcojoppa mactator is particularly well known from ecological studies as a common parasitoid of P. xuthus, often emerging from 30 to 50 % of field-reared pupae (Tsubaki, 1973; Watanabe, 1979, 1981; Hirose et al., 1980). It oviposits into and has been successfully reared from all instars of this host (Omata, 1984).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F965FF92FC42FD8CFA2E1C7A.taxon	description	Species and distribution. With the addition of Araeoscelis and Cryptopyge, and the removal of latipennis Cresson, Macrojoppa has 46 described species distributed from the United States (southern Texas) to Argentina (Yu & Horstmann, 1997). There are numerous undescribed species. Morley (1915: 55) recorded Macrojoppa subbifasciata Szépligeti (as Ischnopus subfasciatus) from ‘ Araucania’ in southern Chile, a locale that cannot be located on gazetteers. This record is suspect for several reasons. Extensive collections from Chile (AEIC, CCCP, CNCI) have not yielded specimens of the rufa species-group (= Araeoscelis). Other than the	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F96AFF9DFC72FEF0FB901FB8.taxon	description	Species and distribution. After the removal of flavibasalis Uchida to Queequeg, there are eight described species (Yu & Horstmann, 1997) and at least four undescribed species [AEIC]. They are distributed from north-eastern India to New Guinea, and as far north as Japan. Biology. Host information is available only for the holotype, which emerged from Oxyambulyx sericeipennis Butler (Sphingidae) reared on Myricaceae in southern China (Mell & Heinrich, 1931). We consider this report reliable and have treated Neofacydes as a genus of sphingid parasitoids. This account indicates that the host was attacked as a larva, but more exact information on stage attacked is not available as the host was collected shortly before pupation. Although Neofacydes species are oxypygous, which suggests that they should oviposit into pupae (Hinz, 1983; but see Biology above), O. sericeipennis pupates in a tunnel in the ground (Mell, 1922) and is unlikely to be accessible to a pupal parasitoid.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F96AFF9EFC55FB2BFD041E23.taxon	description	Species and distribution. With the addition of latipennis (Cresson), there are 3 described species (Yu & Horstmann, 1997) and at least two undescribed species [AEIC, JHIC, NHML]. They are found in Central and South America. Comments. P. latipennis was formerly placed in Macrojoppa (see Taxonomy, above). Biology. Published host records for P. gravenstii (Guerin) are vague: neither the Brazilian reports from ‘ Automeris sp. ’ (Saturniidae) and Papilio anchisiades Esper (Sauer, 1946) nor the report from Papilio thoas L. (or P. lycophron Hübner; identification was uncertain) in Argentina (Schrottky, 1910) can be traced to any insect remains or contain supporting natural history information. However, on the more convincing evidence of several series of reared specimens, we consider Pedinopelte to be a genus of larval-pupal parasitoids of Papilio. One series consists of 18 specimens of an undescribed species reared from Papilio anchisiades in Costa Rica [AEIC, JHIC]. A second series consists of five specimens of another undescribed species reared from P. anchisiades in Costa Rica (‘ 99 - CALI- 480 ’) [JHIC]; the host larvae were collected on Xanthophylus sp. (Rutaceae). The host larvae were collected as penultimate or final instars on Xanthoxylum setulosum P. Wilson (Rutaceae). The third series establishes P. latipennis as a parasitoid of Central American Papilio species feeding on Piperaceae as well as Rutaceae. It includes five specimens reared from Papilio thoas; three of the host larvae were collected on Piper marginatum Jacquin, one on Piper pseudofuligineum C. DC., and one on Piper peltatum L. (‘ 81 - SRNP- 1046 A’, ‘ 81 - SRNP- 1320 ’, ‘ 82 - SRNP- 742 ’, ‘ 93 - SRNP- 7857 ’, ‘ 95 - SRNP- 11365 ’, respectively [AEIC, JHIC]). Another four specimens were reared from the Rutaceae-feeder Papilio cresphontes Cramer; three of these hosts were collected on Citrus limetta (introduced) and one on Angostura nicaraguiensis Standl. & Williams (‘ 93 - SRNP- 2253 ’, ‘ 93 - SRNP- 2283 ’, ‘ 96 - SRNP- 3057 ’, ‘ 96 - SRNP- 3056 ’ [AEIC, JHIC]). All P. latipennis specimens were reared from hosts collected as final and penultimate instars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica (D. Janzen, pers. comm.). In addition, two specimens of another undescribed Pedinopelte species have been reared from Papilio caiguanabus Poey (Cuba, 1932; M. E. Fontaine [NHML]), a rare Cuban species that is suspected to feed on Rutaceae, although no certain food-plant records have been published (Tyler et al., 1994).	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F969FF9EFEDCFAA1FBBE180B.taxon	description	Synonymized by Townes (1957). Autapomorphies. Epicnemial carina present only on mesothoracic venter (# 19 – 2); S 2 - 5 divided (# 55 – 5). Species and distribution. There is one described species, Psilomastax pyramidalis, distributed from western Europe to Japan. Biology. Reports of P. pyramidalis attacking Apatura iris (L.) date back over 100 years (e. g. Tischbein, 1868). It is a larval – pupal parasitoid, attacking all instars (Mell & Heinrich, 1931), and specializes on apaturine nymphalids throughout its range. In the western Palearctic, P. pyrimidalis is reported almost exclusively as a parasitoid of A. iris. Although three species of Apatura occur in this region, we have just one record from A. ilia (Denis & Schiffermüller) (National Museum of Scotland; M. Shaw pers. comm.). This apparent preference for a single host species could be an artifact of the rarity of rearings: for example, from over 1300 A. iris collected in the field and reared to pupation, Friedrich (1977) reared just one P. pyrimidalis. In the east, P. pyrimidalis has been reliably reported as a parasitoid of Hestina assimilis (L.) (Mell & Heinrich, 1931) and H. japonica (C & R Felder) (Iwata, 1961). Morley (1915) reports viewing a specimen labelled as a parasitoid of Psilogramma (Dicranura) increta (Sphingidae) in Taiwan. Weighing this single report against the number of apaturine records, we consider it unlikely that Psilomastax routinely, if ever, parasitizes Sphingidae.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F969FF9EFC58FC8EFA2E1C7A.taxon	description	Pronotal flange high and with posterior face flat. Epicnemial carina incomplete dorsally or present only on mesothoracic venter. Scutellum weakly conical; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola not distinguishable, only anterior transverse carina appears to be present. Anterior transverse carina complete or absent, median section not swollen when present; posterior transverse carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae complete or absent; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area with punctures regularly	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F96FFF99FF33F9D9FEC71924.taxon	description	Description. Flagellum of female lanceolate, with flagellomere 3 3.8 ¥ as long as wide; flagellum of male with tyloids present. Clypeus narrow, basally with two lateral concavities, median concavity just above apical margin, apicolateral margin forming a rounded angle of approximately 40 °, punctures sparse, apical 0.3 not thinned, apical margin concave and without median projection. Mandible short and quadrate, ventral tooth in same plane as dorsal tooth. Supra-antennal area without median ridges or denticles. Vertex with posterior section about as long as ocellar triangle, gently sloping to occipital carina. Gena flat and receding in dorsal view. Juncture of hypostomal and occipital carinae separated from mandible by about basal mandibular width. Occipital carina with ventral region above mandible not produced as a low flange. Pronotal flange high and with posterior face flat. Epicnemial carina present only on mesothoracic venter. Scutellum strongly convex with planar surfaces and forming a more or less acute angle in lateral view; lateral carinae absent. Central convexity of metanotum not widened and lateral depressions not reduced. Base of propodeum rising steeply and abruptly. Areola not distinguishable, only anterior transverse carina appears to be present. Anterior transverse carina complete or absent, median section not swollen when present; posterior transverse carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae absent; median longitudinal carinae absent basad anterior transverse carina, present apicad anterior transverse carina. First lateral area without punctures; second lateral area rugosopunctate. Metapleuron with few (<10) punctures. Juxtacoxal carina absent. Propodeal lateral profile steeply sloping. Scopa absent. Cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing truncate, vein 2 / Rs £ 3 r-m, vein 2 mcu interception at midpoint of posterior margin. MS 1 in lateral view as in Fig. 62; sclerotized anterior portion of S 1 about as long as distance from posterior margin of anterior portion to apex of T 1; petiole, basally without dorsal or lateral bulges; postpetiole with basal convexity, median longitudinal carinae present, median field present, impunctate and with four strong longitudinal rugae. Ventral margin of T 2 simple (area immediately above margin strongly and coarsely punctate, superficially resembling denticulate condition). T 2 - 4 impunctate with relatively few (c. 20) strong longitudinal rugae over entire surface of each tergite. T 2 - 4 laterally strongly flattened. T 2 - 5 basally constricted, T 3 - 4 with strong dorsolateral ridges. S 2 - 4 divided, S 5 entire. Apex of female with T 7 - 8 strongly projecting beyond apex of T 6; oxypygous. Autapomorphies. Apical margin of clypeus concave (# 4 – 1); clypeal punctures sparse (# 10 – 1); scutellum strongly convex with planar surfaces and forming a more or less acute angle in lateral view (# 20 – 1); juxtacoxal carina absent (# 22 – 1); anterior transverse carina of propodeum absent (# 28 – 1); punctures of first lateral area absent (# 34 – 1); cell 1 + 2 Rs of fore wing anteriorly truncate (# 39 – 0) and with veins 2 / Rs and 3 r-m of equal length (# 40 – 0); postpetiole of T 1 with basal convexity (# 45 – 1); median longitudinal carina of T 1 complete and extending to apex (# 46 – 0); postpetiole of T 1 impunctate (# 48 – 2) and with four strong longitudinal rugae; T 2 - 4 with dorsolateral ridges (# 54 – 1). Etymology. The genus is named after one of the harpooners in Melville’s novel Moby Dick. Species and distribution. T. janzeni is found in Costa Rica. Biology. Unknown.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F96EFF99FF29FDAFFBEB1848.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other members of the Trogus subgroup by the characters given above in the generic description of Tashtego. Female. Structure. As in generic description. Colour. Overall colour light yellowish brown, with metapleuron and metasoma shading to whitish yellow. Following areas black / fuscous: head except for yellow of gena adjacent to mandibular base, basal 0.5 of mandible, maxillus, and labium; median 0.3 of lateral area of pronotum; mesoscutum, ranging from basal 0.3 of median lobe to entire structure except for small squarish area at apex and small patches adjacent to tegula; mesopleuron, ranging from only hypoepimeron and areas below subalar ridge to dorsal 0.3; basal 0.7 of scutellum; metanotum except for median convexity (it can also be entirely yellowish brown); metapostnotum; fore and middle legs: apical 0.7 of posterior surface of femur, posterior surface of tibia, and tarsus; hind leg: apical 0.4 of femur, tibia, and tarsus; T 5 - 7; S 5 - 6. Wings uniformly light fuscous. Length. 12.2 – 13.4 mm (13.0 mm); fore wing 10.7 – 11.8 mm (11.8). Male. Structure. As in female. Colour. Similar to female except for greater extent of mesosomal black / fuscous markings in some specimens: pronotum with median 0.3 and dorsal 0.5 of lateral area, dorsal 0.3 of mesopleuron, scutellum, metanotum (except for central convexity), metapostnotum, and propodeum (excluding metapleuron). Length. 10.9 – 12.6 mm; fore wing 9.5 – 11.5 mm. Type material. Holotype ♀, COSTA RICA: Cartago, Area de Conservación Amistad, Parque Nacional Amistad, Quebrada Segunda, Lambert coord. 194000 – 559800, 1150 m, vi. 1994, ‘ INBIO CRI 001907226 ’ (Mora) [INBC]. Condition of holotype: intact. Paratypes: COSTA RICA: 1 ♂, same data as holotype except collected vii. 1994, ‘ INBIO CRI 001885494 ’ [INBC]; 1 ♀, Cartago, Parque Nacional Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda, Lambert coord. 194000 – 560000, 1250 m, iv. 1992, ‘ INBIO CRI 000459497 ’ (Vargas) [AEIC]; 1 ♀, Cartago, Parque Nacional Tapanti, Quebrada Segunda, Lambert coord. 194000 – 560000, 1150 m, v. 1994, ‘ INBIO CRI 001819956 ’ (Vargas) [INBC]; 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Area de Conservación Amistad, Buenos Aires, Estación Altamira, Lambert coord. 331700 – 572100, 1500 m, 30. viii. 1992, ‘ INBIO CRI 001 977521 ’ (Delgado) [INBC]; 1 ♂, Puntarenas, Estación Pittier, Lambert coord. 330900 – 577400, 1670 m, 26. i. 1995, ‘ INBIO CRI 002209324 ’ (Chinchilla) [AEIC]; 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Estación Las Alturas, Lambert coord. 322500 – 591300, 1500 m, xi. 1991, ‘ INBIO CRI 000400402 ’ (Zumbado) [INBC]; 1 ♀, Puntarenas, Monteverde, San Luis, Lambert coord. 250850 – 449250, 1040 m, viii. 1992, ‘ INBIO CRI 000754704 ’ (Fuentes) [AEIC]. ECUADOR: 1 ♀, ‘ Orte. ’ (possibly Ortega = Hacienda Quillán, 1 ° 14 ¢ S, 78 ° 32 ¢ W), ‘ Rio Zuñag’ (Rio Zuñac, 1 ° 25 ¢ S, 78 ° 11 ¢ W), 9. x. 1968 (Peña) [AEIC]. Etymology. It is a great pleasure to name this species after Daniel Janzen, in honor of a lifetime of research on the Neotropical biota.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
D53C87D6F96EFF9AFC24FCBBFDD11876.taxon	description	Species and distribution. After the removal of four species to Holcojoppa (see above, Taxonomy), there are nine described species distributed in the Palearctic and the New World. Biology. Trogus is perhaps the biologically bestknown of the Callajoppa genus-group. Several species are common parasitoids of familiar swallowtails, notably T. lapidator (Fabricius) on Papilio machaon (e. g. Kaltenbach, 1874; Morley, 1901) and T. pennator (Fabricius) on P. polyxenes, P. glaucus L., and Eurytides marcellus (Cramer), among others (Heinrich, 1962; Feeny et al., 1985; Damman, 1986). Most species have been reared, some of them hundreds of times, and all reliable reports are from the papilionid genera Papilio and Eurytides. There is some variation among Trogus species in degree of polyphagy. Trogus pennator attacks some 10 species on nine food-plant families; T. lapidator attacks at least five swallowtails on three plant families (Heinrich, 1962; Mitchell, 1979, 1983). Apparently more specialized are T. violaceus (Mocsáry) on Papilio hospiton and P. machaon (Prota, 1962; M. Shaw, pers. comm.), T. flavipennis Cresson on P. multicaudatus Kirby (two records [CNCI, DNHC]), T. edwardsii Cresson on P. eurymedon Lucas (Heinrich, 1962), T. thoracicus Cresson on Eurytides epidaus (Doubleday) and E. philolaus (Boisduval) (D. Janzen, pers. comm. [JHIC]), and, less certainly, the poorly known T. pompeji (Kriechbaumer) on P. scamander Boisduval (two specimens [NHML]). All are larval – pupal parasitoids; T. pennator successfully attacks hosts as young as the first instar (KRS, pers. obsv. in field and laboratory). None of the records of nonpapilionid hosts for Trogus species merits attention. In collections, we have seen Apatura iris (Nymphalidae) pupal remains placed with a specimen of Psilomastax misidentified as T. lapidator, and a specimen of the latter placed with pupal remains labelled as ‘ Argynnis’ but clearly those of a Papilio; we thus have very little confidence in isolated records. Early published reports from the nymphalids Vanessa atalanta (L.), V. cardui (L.), A. iris, and Argynnis pandora (Denis & Schiffermüller) and the arctiid Pyrrharctia isabella (Howard, 1889; Morley, 1901, 1903; Bischoff, 1915; Schmiedeknecht, 1930) have neither been repeated in recent years nor can they be traced to materials in collections.	en	Sime, Karen R., Wahl, David B. (2002): The cladistics and biology of the Callajoppa genus-group (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 134 (1): 1-56, DOI: 10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1046/j.1096-3642.2002.00006.x
