identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D40F87E76F0DFFD8FF2CDB63FA02B584.text	D40F87E76F0DFFD8FF2CDB63FA02B584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium Spinola 1837	<div><p>Macropygium Spinola, 1837</p><p>Macropygium Spinola, 1837: 287; Herrich-Schäffer, 1844: 48; Stål, 1867: 523; Stål, 1872: 4. P. 12; Distant, 1880: 49; Berg, 1884: 181; Dallas, 1851: 150–159; Kirkaldy, 1909: 184; Rolston, 1992: 5, 24–25; Campos &amp; Grazia, 2006: 147, 151, 160, 162; Garbelotto et al., 2013: 454; Roell &amp; Campos, 2018: 1139.</p><p>Oxyrhinus Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843 (synonymized by Dallas 1851).</p><p>Type species: Cimex reticularis Fabricius, 1803 (senior synonym of Macropygium atrum Spinola, 1837).</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium size (10.0– 13.9mm); oval body, brown or dark brown with black irregular spots, anterolateral margins of pronotum yellowish in some specimens (Figs 1, 2); head triangular; mandibular plates surpassing apex of clypeus, touching each other in some specimens; four or five antennomeres, antepenultimate antennomere wider in males than females. Pronotum slightly sloping anterior to the humeri; scutellum shorter than coria; apex of rostrum surpassing urosternite III. Male urosternite VII, in the middle line, as long as or longer than all remainder abdominal segments taken together. Pygophore large, occupying more than a third of the abdominal cavity.</p><p>Description. Head triangular; mandibular plates surpassing the apex of clypeus, converging each other, or only touching each other in some specimens; anteocular processes spinose. Eyes pedunculated; ocelli posterior to a line connecting the hind margins of eyes; small punctures forming wrinkles over mandibular plates; antennae with four or five antennomeres; insertion of the labium posterior to an imaginary line tangent to the anterior margin of the eyes; apex of rostrum surpassing urosternite III.</p><p>Pronotum wider than long; dorsal surface of anterolateral margins flattened;anterior margin sinuous; anterolateral angles with a small triangular projection; cicatrices weakly tumid, smooth or with rare, inconspicuous punctures. Scutellum triangular, longer than wide, shorter than coria; completely brown or with small yellow spots: 1+1 near the foveae, one median at anterior margin, and one apical. Frenal lobe twice as long the postfrenal lobe. Coria covered by fine and sparse punctures; apical angle surpassing connexivum V; hemelytral membrane may extend beyond the abdominal apex. Meso- and metasternum smooth, bearing flat median carina; pleura rugose, uniformly dark brown or with irregular yellowish spots; evaporatorium smooth, velvety, covering one-third of the metapleura; peritreme short, spout; legs yellowish with brown rounded spots on femora and tibiae. Abdominal sternites with dark spots.</p><p>Male: antepenultimate antennomere wider than each the two last; large trapezoidal pygophore, occupying about 1/3 of the abdominal cavity; ventral rim with a medial conical projection (Fig. 4A; cp); dorsal rim bearing 1+1 lateral projections directed dorsoposteriorly (Fig. 4B–D, O; lp); posterolateral angles acute, directed dorsoposteriorly (Fig. 4B–D; pl), with a broad medial projection (Fig. 4B–D; ppla), this rounded at apex and directed dorsally. Apex of parameres visible posteriorly and ventrally between the posterolateral angles, ventral to segment X (Fig. 4D; par). Segment X broad, ogival, surpassing posteriorly both the ventral rim and the posterolateral angles (Fig. 4B, C; X). Anal opening subapical, dorsal to the posteriorly projected portion of segment X, this slit opened ventrally to give way to the phallus. Phallus highly sclerotized; phallotheca piriform, narrowed apically; vesica twisted and accompanying the ductus seminis distalis; conjunctiva reduced, surrounding vesica (Fig. 5M–Y).</p><p>Female: antepenultimate antennomere the same width as the two last; posterior margin of valvifers VIII projecting over the base of laterotergites IX; sutural margins juxtaposed; disc evenly convex. Laterotergites VIII triangular, spiracles visible at basal angle lateral to valvifers VIII. Valvifers IX exposed, posterior margin biconcave; laterotergites IX trapezoid, touching each other in the medial angle; medial margins divergent; apex rounded. Segment X partially exposed between the laterotergites IX (Fig. 6). Valvulae IX weakly sclerotized near the ring sclerites; infoldings of valvulae IX extending from valvifers IX almost to the ring sclerites; vaginal intima barely thickened, almost indistinguishable; proximal portion of ductus receptaculi large, wider than median duct of vesicular area, this globose at base; inner duct of vesicular area narrowing from the proximal aperture to the apical limit of the vesicular area; capsula seminalis globose with thin processes as long as the pars intermedialis, the latter twice longer than capsula seminalis (Fig. 7).</p><p>Comments. The species of Macropygium show a cryptic body morphology, and species recognition is only possible assessing the genital morphology. The only exception is the new species, Macropygium graziae sp. nov., whose antennae are four-segmented, while five-segmented in all the other species. Phylogenetic hypotheses (Campos &amp; Grazia 2006; Garbelotto et al. 2013; Roell &amp; Campos 2019) recovered Macropygium in the same clade with Uvaldus and Clypona . Macropygium can be easily distinguished from Uvaldus (Fig. 3A) by the larger size, darker color, and longer mandibular plates; and differs from the monotypic Clypona (Fig. 3B, C) by two subtle characteristics, the second rostral segment slightly longer than the first segment, and the base of clypeus triangular in ventral view (Rolston 1992). There is no clear difference in the genital plates between Clypona aerata Rolston, 1992 (Fig. 3C) and Macropygium spp. (Fig. 6). Because the male of C. aerata is unknown, the validity of Clypona as a separate genus and its relationship with the species of Macropygium are still to be investigated.</p><p>Key to the species of Macropygium</p><p>Because the species of Macropygium show a cryptic body morphology, the present identification key is based mostly in characteristics of genital morphology.</p><p>1 Antennae with five segments (Figs 1A–D, 2A, B); male with lateral projections of dorsal rim of pygophore slim, placed near the posterolateral angles (Fig. 4C, G, K); female with lateral portion of posterior margin of valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX (Fig. 6A–C, E)......................................................................... 2</p><p>- Antennae with four segments (Fig. 2C); male with lateral projections of dorsal rim of pygophore wide, placed away from the posterolateral angles (Fig. 4O); female with middle portion of posterior margin of valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX (Fig. 6D)................................................................. Macropygium graziae sp. nov.</p><p>2 Male segment X subquadrangular in posterior view (Fig. 4H); lateral portion of the posterior margin of female valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX well beyond the spiracles of laterotergites VIII, attaining or surpassing an imaginary line connecting the medial thrichobothria of urosternite VII (Fig. 6B)..................... Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860</p><p>- Male segment X subrectangular in posterior view (Fig. 4D, L); lateral portion of the posterior margin of female valvifers VIII not exceeding the imaginary line of thrichobothria and the third part of valvifers VIII (Fig. 6A, C, E).................. 3</p><p>3 Male conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore bifurcate at apex (Fig. 4I); lateral portion of the female laterotergites VIII slightly deflected, and posterior angle oval (Fig. 6C)......................... Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837)</p><p>- Male conical projection of ventral rim single at apex (Fig. 4A, cp); lateral portion of the female valvifers VIII not deflected, and posterior angle rounded (Fig. 6A, E)...................................................................... 4</p><p>4 Posterior angle of valvifers VIII not reaching the lateral margin of laterotergites IX; maximum width of valvifer VIII about 0.7 times the length at the sutural margin (Fig. 6A)............................ Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803)</p><p>- Posterior angle of valvifers VIII not covering the lateral margin of laterotergites IX; valvifer VIII rounded, maximum width of valvifer VIII about 0.9 times the length at the sutural margin (Fig. 6E)..................................................................................................... Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F0DFFD8FF2CDB63FA02B584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
D40F87E76F0BFFD3FF2CDB1FFB7AB2B1.text	D40F87E76F0BFFD3FF2CDB1FFB7AB2B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius 1803)	<div><p>Macropygium reticulare (Fabricius, 1803)</p><p>(Figs 1A–B; 4A–D; 5A–C; M–O; 6A; 7A; 12; Table 1)</p><p>Cimex reticularis Fabricius, 1803: 170 .</p><p>Macropygium atrum Spinola, 1837: 288 .</p><p>Macropygium reticulare: Dallas, 1851: 150–159; Stål, 1872: 4. P. 12; Distant, 1880: 49; Berg, 1884: 181; Lethierry &amp; Severin, 1893: 90; Kirkaldy, 1909: 184; Rolston, 1992: 5, 24–25, figs 47–79; Campos &amp; Grazia, 2006: 147, 151, 160, 162, figs 1, 4, 6, 22, 47, 55, 61; Garbelotto et al., 2013: 454, figs 1, 9; Roell &amp; Campos, 2018: 1139, figs 6–7.</p><p>Type specimens: Cimex reticularis Fabricius, 1803 (type female not located, should be in the NHM); Macropygium atrum Spinola, 1837 (type female in the Museo Regionale de Scienze Naturali, Turin, Italy, was examined by Grazia &amp; Campos 2010; the access to the collection in Turin is currently unavailable).</p><p>Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Fig. 12).</p><p>Material examined: ARGENTINA, 1♀, 1994 (DAR); Chacoguemes, 9♀ e 2♂, 1995 (DAR); Misiones, Puertoiguazu, 5♀ e 4♂, 1991 (DAR), [-25.597, -54.578] . BOLIVIA, 1♀, 1969; 2♀, 1♂, 1959 (FSCA); Chapare, 1♀ e 1♂, 1950 (USNM), [-17.34, -65.865]; Cocha bamba, Villa Tunari, 4♀, 1♂, 1992 (JEE); Villa Tunari, 1♀, 1♂, 1992 (JEE); Carrasco, 7♀, 1♂, 2002 (JEE), [-17.333, -65.333]; La paz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.333/lat -17.333)">Yungas</a> 1♀, 1955 (FSCA), [-16.183, - 67.733]; El cairo, 1♀, 2003 (JEE), [-13.133, -65.2]; Ichilo, 4♀, 2000 (JEE), [-17.485, -63.516]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.516/lat -17.485)">Hotel</a> flora e fauna , 1♀, 2000 (FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Hotel</a> flora e fauna , 7♀, 4♂, 2001 (FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Hotel</a> rio selva , 1♀, 1♂, 2001, [-17.55 -63.2]; Quindío, Buena Vista, 1♀, 4♂ (JEE), [-17.458, -63.659]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Buena Vista</a>, 36♀, 15♂, 2004 (FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Buena Vista</a>, 12♀, 4♂, 2001 (FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659]; 12♀, 4♂, 2001 (FSCA), [-17.458, -63.659] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Buena</a> vista , 2♀, 2000 (JEE), [-17.458, -63.659]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">La</a> paz , 1♀, 1♂, 1992 (USNM), [-16.5 -68.15]; Santa cruz, Saavedra, 26♀, 7♀ #, 1959 (FSCA), [-17.225, -63.214]; 4♀, 1♂, 1960 (FSCA), [-17.225, - 63.214]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.214&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.225" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.214/lat -17.225)">Tropical Transition Forest</a>, 17♀, 12♂, 2001 (JEE), [-17.485, -63.516]; 1♂, 2002 (JEE), [-17.485, -63.516]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.516/lat -17.485)">Potrerillos</a> del guendá , 1♀, 1♂, 2005 (JEE), [-17.6675 -63.451]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.451&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.6675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.451/lat -17.6675)">Tropical Transition Forest</a>, 3♀ #, 1♂, 2006 (JEE), [- 17.485, -63.516]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.516&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.516/lat -17.485)">Buena Vista</a>, 1♂, 2007 (JEE), [-17.458, -63.659] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.458" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.659/lat -17.458)">Uyapi</a>, 4♀, 4♂, 1993 (JEE) . BRASIL: Amazonas, Bejamim Constant, 3♀, 2♂, 1960 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; 2♀, 3♀, 1962 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; 1♂, 1963 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.03/lat -4.376)">Itacoatiara</a>, 11♀, 4♂, 2003, [-3.142, -58.443]; 1♂, 1952 (MCN), [-3.142, -58.443]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.142" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.443/lat -3.142)">Manaus</a>, 1♀, 1♂, 1941, (MNRJ), [-3.044, -60.107]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.107&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.044" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.107/lat -3.044)">Manaus</a>, 1♀, 1962 (MZSP), [-3.044, -60.107]; 1♀, 1976, [- 3.044, -60.107]; 1♀, 1978, [-3.044, -60.107]; 2♀, 1♂, 1986, [-3.044653, -60.1071934]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.107193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.044653" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.107193/lat -3.044653)">Muturaca</a>, 1♀, 1980, [0.583, -56.166]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.166/lat 0.583)">Purus</a>, 2♀, 1979, [-3.68333, -61.45]; Rio purus , 1♀, 1967; Rio javari , 5♀, 1♂, 1979, [-4.55, -71.633]; Rio madeira , 1♀ (MCN), [-26.105 -49.797]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.105" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.797/lat -26.105)">Serra</a> dos porcos , 3♀, 1♂, 1977, [-6.900, -36.833]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-36.833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -36.833/lat -6.9)">Tapuruquara</a>, 1♀, 1965 (MZSP), [-0.378, -64.991]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.378" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.991/lat -0.378)">Urucu</a> coari , 1♀, 2005, [-4.883, -65.355]; Bahia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.355&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.355/lat -4.883)">Conquista</a>, 2♀, 1969 (AMNH), [-14.8661, -40.839]; 2♀, 1969 (AMNH), [-14.866, -40.839]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.839&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.866" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.839/lat -14.866)">Encruzilhada</a>, 2♀, 2♂, 1972 (AMNH), [-15.530, - 40.908]; 1♀, 1980, [-15.530, -40.908]; Espírito Santo; 1♂, 1900, MNRJ, [-19.056, -40.147]; Maranhão, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.147&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.147/lat -19.056)">Bom Jardim</a>, 1♀, 1♂, 2011, [-3.542, -45.609]; Mato Grosso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.542" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.609/lat -3.542)">rio Papagaio</a>, 1♀, 1966 (MZSP), [-13.025, -16.675]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-16.675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -16.675/lat -13.025)">Vila</a> vera , 1♀, 1973 (AMNH), [-12.305, -55.316]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316/lat -12.305)">Dourados</a>, 1♀, 1974 (AMNH), [-21.220, -54.805]; 1♂, 1976 (AMNH); Minas Gerais, 1♀, 1991; Serra caraça , 2♀, 1961 (MZSP), [-17.694, -43.783]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.783&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.783/lat -17.694)">Belo Horizonte</a>, 1♂, 1963 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.03/lat -4.376)">Pedra Azul</a>, 1♂, 1970 (AMNH), [-16.005, -41.296]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.296&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.005" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.296/lat -16.005)">Marlieria</a>, 6f , 2♂, 1978 (CCT), [-19.711, -42.731]; 1♀, 1982 (CCT), [-19.871 -43.966]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.966&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.871" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.966/lat -19.871)">Sapucai</a> mirim , 2♀, 1992, [-22.747, -45.742]; 1♀, 1994 (USNM); Pará, Bragantina, 1♀, 1978, [-1.053, -46.765]; Melgaço, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.765&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.053" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.765/lat -1.053)">Caixuanã</a>, 2♀, 2♂, 2003, [-1.792, -51.434]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.434&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.792" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.434/lat -1.792)">Moju</a>, 14♀, 5m, 1985, [-1.883, -48.768]; 10f, 9m, 1995, [-1.883, -48.768]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.768&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.883" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.768/lat -1.883)">Santarém</a>, 1♀, 1973 (AMNH), [-2.442, -54.707]; 1♂, 1967 (MZSP), [-2.442, -54.707]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.442" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.707/lat -2.442)">Serra Norte</a>, 1♂, 1985, [-6.108, -50.304]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.304/lat -6.108)">Tomé Açu</a>, 1♂, 1978, [-2.418, -48.151]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.151&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.418" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.151/lat -2.418)">Tucurui</a>, 1♀, 1979, [-3.766, -49.6725]; 1♂, 2005, [-3.766, -49.6725]; Paraná, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.6725&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.766" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.6725/lat -3.766)">Ipiranga</a>, 1♂, 1962, [-25.023, - 50.584]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.023" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.584/lat -25.023)">Ponta</a> grossa , 1♀, 1939 (MCN), [-25.095, -50.1619]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.1619&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.1619/lat -25.095)">Rio</a> negro , 3♀, 1929 (MCN), [m -26.105, -49.797]; Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.797&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.105" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.797/lat -26.105)">Porto Alegre</a>, 1♀, 1958, [-30.108, -51.317]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.317/lat -30.108)">Santa Maria</a>, 2♀, 1971 (MCN), [-29.683, -53.806]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.806/lat -29.683)">Derrubadas</a>, 1♀, 2004, [-27.265, -53.860]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.86&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.265" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.86/lat -27.265)">Triunfo</a>, 1♀ (MCN), [-29.683, -53.806]; Rio de Janeiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.683" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.806/lat -29.683)">Itatiaia</a>, 1♀, 1959, MNRJ, [-22.491, -44.559]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.559&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.491" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.559/lat -22.491)">Bom Jardim</a>, 1♀, 1♂, 2011 (DAR); Nova Friburgo, 1♀, 1980 (MZSP), [-22.281, -42.530]; Rondônia, 1♂, 1967 (MZSP), [-12.765, -64.422]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-64.422&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.765" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -64.422/lat -12.765)">Fazenda Rancho Grande</a>, 3♀, 1944 (JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; 2♀, 3♂, 1990 (JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; 5f, 1♂, 1992 (JEE), [1.520, -52.581]; 20♀, 8♂, 1993 (FSCA), [- 1.520, -52.581]; 3♀, 3♂, 1994 (JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; 2♀, 1996 (JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; 5♀, 7♀, 1997 (FSCA), [-1.520, -52.581]; 1♀, 1989 (JEE), [-1.520, -52.581]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.581&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.52" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.581/lat -1.52)">Vilhena</a>, 1♂, 1973 (AMNH), [-12.740, -60.145]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.74" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.145/lat -12.74)">Cacaulandia</a>, 1♂, 1989 (JEE), [10.3411 -62.886]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3411" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.886/lat 10.3411)">Ariquemes</a>, 2♀, 1♂, 1990 (DAR), [-9.913, -63.040]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.04/lat -9.913)">Cacaulandia</a>, 1♂, 1991, [10.3411, -62.886]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.3411" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.886/lat 10.3411)">Ariquemes</a>, 1♂, 1993, [-9.913, -63.0408]; Santa Catarina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.0408&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.913" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.0408/lat -9.913)">Nova Teutônia</a>, 1♀, 1957 (FSCA), [-27.161 -52.416]; São Paulo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.416&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.416/lat -27.161)">Campinas</a>, 1♀, 1975, [-22.906, -47.061]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.906" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.061/lat -22.906)">Rio Claro</a>, 1♀, 1943, [-22.410, -47.560]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.56&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.41" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.56/lat -22.41)">Serra Negra</a>, 1♀, 1943 (MZSP) [-22.550, -46.700]; 1♀, 1945; 1♀, 1946; São Bento do Sapucai, 1♀, 1953, [-22.688, -45.730]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.688" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.73/lat -22.688)">Ribeirão</a> preto , 2♂, 1954 (MZSP), [-21.185, -47.809]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.185" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.809/lat -21.185)">Barueri</a>, 1♀, 1961 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.03/lat -4.376)">Barueri</a>, 1♀, 1966 (MZSP), [-4.376, -70.030]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.03&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.376" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.03/lat -4.376)">Nova Europa</a>, 1♂, 1964 (MZSP), [-21.777 -48.5608]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.5608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.5608/lat -21.777)">Piracicaba</a>, 1♀, 1996, [-22.725, -47.648]. COLOMBIA, Narino, Tumaco, 2♀, 1♂, 2000 (JEE), [1.806 -78.7647]; Vaupés, 1♀, 1990 (USNM); 1♀, 1998 (USNM); COSTA RICA, Guapiles, 1♀, 1915, [10.216 -83.783]; EQUADOR, Limon cocha, 1♀, 1977 (USNM); Los Rios, 2♀, 1974 (FSCA), [-1.816, -79.516]; Napo, 1♀, 1♂, 1998 (JEE); Napo, 1♂, 1977 (USNM); Pastaza, 2♂, 1971 (AMNH); Pinchincha, Tinalandia, 1♀, 2000 (FSCA); Quininde, Certicoces, 1♀, 1982, [0.333, -79.483]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.483&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.483/lat 0.333)">Shushufindi</a>, 3♀, 1♂, 1982, [-0.1872, -76.646]; GUATEMALA, 1♀, 1923; MEXICO, Cancun, Quintana , 2♀, 1990, [21.160, -86.847]; Chiapas, 6f, 197; 1♀, 1990; Michocan, Tuxpan, 2♀, 1968 (FSCA), [-17.483, -63.65]; Palitla, 1♀, 1970 (JEE); Quintana, 1♂, 1978 (JEE), [19.6, -87.916]; 4♀, 4♂, 1983 (JEE), [19.6, -87.916]; 1♀, 1984 (JEE), [19.6, -87.916]; Tabasco, Villa nova , 1♂, 1963 (FSCA), [17.990, -92.928]; Vera Cruz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-92.928&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.99" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -92.928/lat 17.99)">Fortin</a> de las flores , 1♀, 1964 (FSCA), [1.087, -96.989]; PANAMA, 1♀, 1931; 1♀, 1973; Gamboa, 5f, 1♂, 1980 [9.11666666667, - 79.7]; PARAGUAY, Caazapa, 1♀, 1990 (JEE); 2♀, 1♂, 1993 (JEE); Caapiata, 5f , 1♂ (JEE); Concepcion, 1♀, 2003 (JEE), [-22.533, -57.233]; Concepcion, 1♀, 2004 (JEE), [-22.533, -57.233]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-57.233&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -57.233/lat -22.533)">Formosa</a>, 1♀, 1953 [-26.183, -58.175]; Itapua, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.175&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.175/lat -26.183)">Honehau</a>, 12♀, 11♂, 1983 (DAR), [-27.078, -55.645]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.645&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.078" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.645/lat -27.078)">Alto Panama</a>, 3♀, 1986 (FSCA), [-25.416, -54.633]; Asuncion, 1♂, 1989 (JEE); Jardim Botânico, 4♀, 1990 (JEE) [-25.243, -57.588]; Itapua, 1♀, 1991 (JEE); San Pedro, 1♀, 1990 (JEE); San Pedro, Yaveto, 1♀, 2006 (JEE); PERU, Cuzco, 1♀, 1964, [-13.530, -72.009]; Huanuco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.009&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.009/lat -13.53)">Tingo Maria</a>, 2♀, 6m, 1987 (JEE), [6.934, -76.772]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.772/lat 6.934)">Tingo Maria</a>, 4♀, 2♂, 1946 (AMNH), [-6.934, -76.772]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.772/lat -6.934)">Tingo Maria</a>, 1♀, 1954 (AMNH), [-6.934, -76.772]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.934" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.772/lat -6.934)">Tingo Maria</a>, 3♀, 4♂, 1988, (JEE), [-9.295, -75.995]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.295" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.995/lat -9.295)">Tingo Maria</a>, 1♂, 1988, (JEE), [-9.295, -75.995]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.995&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.295" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.995/lat -9.295)">Jenaro Herrera</a>, 1♂, 1988 (DAR), [-4.916 -73.666]; Loreto, 4♀, 1♂, 1970 (AMNH); 2♂, 1972 (AMNH); Inquitos, 1♀, 1988, [-3.748, -73.253]; 3♀, 4♂, 1989 (FSCA); Satipo, 1♀, 1940 (USNM); Satipo, 1♂, 1945 (AMNH); San Ramon, San Ramon, 2♀, 1972 (AMNH), [-11.124, -75.356]; Ucayali, 2♀, 1920, (AMNH); Rio Santiago, 1♀, 1♂, 1924 (AMNH) . VENEZUELA, 1♀, 1932 (AMNH); Cordero, 1♂, 1982; 1♀, 1985 (DAR), [7.856, -72.182]; Merida, 1♀, 1♂, 1974 (AMNH). [8.586, -71.158]; Tachira, 1♀, 1980 [7.94, -72.12]; Tachira, 1♀, 1981, Tachira, 1♀, 1982.</p><p>Diagnosis: Antennae five-segmented, first antennomere longer than the second; pygophore: conical projection of ventral rim with apical setae; segment X oval, tapering toward apex.</p><p>Male. Genitalia: conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore rounded, not furcate, with apical setae; posterolateral angles acute, medial projection of posterolateral angles tumescent, attaining dorsally the level of the dorsal limit of segment X in lateral view; lateral projection of dorsal rim thin, spine like and lateral to the posterolateral angle; segment X higher than wide in posterior view, and longer than wide in ventral view (Fig. 4A–D); head of parameres covered by setae, apical projection long, largest axis of head equals the length of stem (Fig. 5A–C); phallus with robust 1+1 lateral projections of vesica, placed near the limits with phallotheca; ductus seminis distalis twisted in the median region (Fig. 5M–O).</p><p>Female. Genitalia valvifers VIII longer than wide; laterotergites IX uncovered; lateral angles little projected, attaining the level of a line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII; disc evenly convex (Fig. 6A). Valvulae IX with large folds covered by conical microsculptures; thickening of vaginal intima and translucent; ring sclerites half the diameter of orificium receptaculi, this almost the same width of vaginal intima (Fig. 7A).</p><p>Comments. Macropygium reticulare is one of the two most widespread species of Macropygium, the other one is M. spinolae, the two species having largely overlapping distributions (Figs 12, 13). Both M. reticulare and M. spinolae have more robust pygophore when compared to the remainder species of Macropygium . The pygophore in M. reticulare have a triangular, long segment X in dorsal view (Fig. 4B; X), while in M. spinolae the segment X is rounded and wide (Fig. 4F). The medial projections of the posterolateral angles (Fig. 4C; ppla) and the segment X (Fig. 4C; X) are equally projected dorsally in M. reticulare, while in M. spinolae the medial projections are less projected than segment X (Fig. 4G). Female genital plates in M. reticulare are similar to M. spinolae and M. bifidum (Fig. 6A–C). Macropygium reticulare differs from M. spinolae by the relatively smaller valvifers VIII (Fig. 6A); in M. spinolae the valvifers VIII are longer and wider, partially covering both the base of laterotergites IX and the limits between the latter and laterotergites VIII (Fig. 6B). Macropygium reticulare differs from both M. spinolae and M. bifidum by the valvifers VIII attaining or little surpassing posteriorly an imaginary line connecting the spiracles in laterotergtes VIII; in M. spinolae and M. bifidum the valvifers VIII surpass posteriorly such an imaginary line by at least twice the spiracle diameter. Little projected valvifers VIII are also seen in M. subsulcatum (Fig. 6E), however in the latter the valvifers VIII are relatively wider and with broadly rounded apical angle.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F0BFFD3FF2CDB1FFB7AB2B1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
D40F87E76F00FFD1FF2CDFCBFD8BB199.text	D40F87E76F00FFD1FF2CDFCBFD8BB199.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium spinolae Stal 1860	<div><p>Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860, REVISED STATUS</p><p>(Figs 1C–D; 4E–H; 5D–F, P–R; 6B; 7B; 8; 9; 13; Table 1)</p><p>Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860: 18 (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare).</p><p>Ochlerus guttipes Walker, 1867: 193 NEW SYNONYMY (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare).</p><p>Type specimens (Figs 8, 9): Macropygium spinolae Stål, 1860, holotype female (NHRS) (Fig. 8). BRASIL. Labels: Brasil // F. Sahlb // M. spinolae / Typus Stål / (det. BM [illegible]) // subsulca / tum. / A. et S. // NHRS-GULI / 000055245 // Typus. Ochlerus guttipes Walker, 1867, holotype female (NHMUK), collection site unknown (Fig. 9). Labels: Ochlerus / guttipes / Walker, 1867: 193 // Holo- / type // 56 / 143 // 3. Ochlerus guttipes . // BRIT. MUS. / TYPE No. / HEM. 687 // Type // ♀ // Holo- / type.</p><p>Distribution: Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Fig. 13).</p><p>Material examined: ARGENTINA, Corrientes, 1♀, 1991 (DAR); Chaco, Charata, 3♀, 1996 (JEE), [-27.216 -61.2] . BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz, Saavedra, 1♂, 1959 (DAR), [-17. 252 -63. 211]; Entre rios, 1♂, 1996 (JEE), [-31.75 -60.5]; BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz, Buena Vista, 1♂, 1961 (DAR), [-17.666 -63.733] . BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, 1♂, 1929, [-3.1 -60.016]; Benjamim Constante, 1♂, 1942 (AMNH), [-4.376 -70.030]; Mato Grosso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383/lat 27.183)">Aripuana</a>, 1♀, 1978, [27.183 -52.383]; 1♀, 1976 (AMNH) ; Minas Gerais, Viçosa, 1♂, 1944 (USNM) , [-20.753 -42.881]; Santa Catarina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.753" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.881/lat -20.753)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 1♀, 1948 (AMNH) , [27.183 -52.383]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383/lat 27.183)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 1♂, 1957 (AMNH) , [27.1833 - 52.383]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.1833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383/lat 27.1833)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 2♀, 1963 (DAR) ; Nova Teutonia, 1♀, 1969 (AMNH) , [27.183 -52.383]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383/lat 27.183)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 1♀, 1♂, 1974 (DAR) , [27.183 -52.3833]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.3833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.3833/lat 27.183)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 15♀, 10♂, 1975 (DAR) , [27.183 -52.383]; Pará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.183" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383/lat 27.183)">Almerim</a>, 1♀, 1981 (DAR) , [-1.520 -52.581]; São Paulo, São Paulo, 1♂, 1944 (MCN); São Paulo, 1♂, 1954 (MZSP), [-4.376 -70.030]; São Paulo, 1♀, 1961 (MZSP); 1♂, 1962 (MZSP); 2♀, 1974 (DAR) . COLOMBIA, 1♀, 1973 (DAR) [4.205 -69.932]; COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, 1♂, 1990 (JEE), [10.99 -85.42]; Heredia, Chilamate, 1♀, 1995 (JEE) , [10.45 -84.066]; Puntarena, Buenos Aires, 2♂, 1988 (JEE), [9.169 -83.330] ; GUATEMALA, Suchitepequez, 2♀, 2005 (JEE), [14.516 -90.866]; HONDURAS, 1♀, 1993 (FSCA); Olancho, 1♀, 1♂ (JEE), [15.139 -86.67]; MEXICO, Chiapas, Tapilula, 1♂, 1983 (DAR) ; Chiriqui, Boquete, 1♂, 1939; El Passo, 1♂, 1970 (FSCA) ; Gamboa, 1♂, 1944; Herrera, Chepo, 1♀, 1956,[7.733 -80.816]; Hidalgo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-80.816&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -80.816/lat 7.733)">Jacala</a>, 1♀, 1982 (DAR) , [2.100 -99.171]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-99.171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -99.171/lat 2.1)">Minera</a> autlan, 1♂, 1983 (DAR) ; San Luis Potosi, 1♀, 1963 (FSCA); 1♀, 1968 (FSCA) 1♀, 1981 (FSCA); Minera autlan, 24♀, 1982 (DAR) ; Oaxaca, 1♂, 1974 (DAR); Quintana, 1♂, 1983 (DAR); Felipe Carrillo Puerto, 1♀, 1♂, 1990 (FSCA) , [19.577 -88.045]; San Francisco, 1♀, 1937; Tres rios, 1♂, 1931; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-88.045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.577" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -88.045/lat 19.577)">Gatunlake</a>, 1♀, 1♂, 1931; Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, 3♀, 1963 (FSCA) ; Cordoba, 1♂, 1964; Yucatan, 1♀, 1990 (DAR) ; PANAMA, Arraijan, Cerro galera, 3♂, 1895 (DAR) [89.333 -79.616]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.616&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=89.333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.616/lat 89.333)">Barro Colorado</a>, 4♀, 1♂, 1962 (AMNH) , [9.15 -79.85]; 1♀, 1963; Canal zone, 2♀, 1♂,1967, (DAR) ; Margarita, 2♀, 2♂, 1972 (DAR) , [9.384 -79.883]; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.883/lat 9.384)">Canal</a> zone, 2♀, 1♂, 1972 (DAR) , [9.384 - 79.883]; 2♂, 1974 (DAR); Canal zone, 1♂, 1982 (JEE) ; Panama, 1♀, 1984 (FSCA); Cerro Gaital, 1♀, 1985 (DAR) ; 1♂, 1987 (DAR); Cidade do Panama, Parque nacional Soberania Pipeline, 1♂, 1993 (DAR) . PARAGUAY, Itapua, Hohenau, 1♂, 1983 (DAR), [-27.078 -55.645 ]. PERU, Satipo, 1♀, 1930 (AMNH) ; 1♂, 1940 (USNM); Tingo Maria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.686&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.686/lat -13.722)">Yurac</a>, 1♀, 1954, [-13.722 -70.686]; 1♀, 1968 (AMNH) ; Estancia naranjal, 1♂, 1965 (AMNH) ; Yarina cocha, 1♀, 1♂, 1968 (AMNH) ; Chikiaco, 2♀, 1978 (DAR) ; Lamas Caynarachi, 1♀, 1♂ 2008 . VENEZUELA, Merida, Merida, 1♂, 1974 (DAR); Tachira, 1♂, 1980; Lara, 1♀, 1981 (FSCA); 1♂ (FSCA) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Antennae five-segmented, first and second antennomeres subequal in length; segment X of pygophore wider than long, apex rounded with abundant setae; lateral angles of laterotergites VIII projected well beyond the line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII, and covering completely the base of laterotergites IX.</p><p>Male. Genitalia: conical projection of the ventral rim of pygophore single, with apical setae; posterolateral angles narrowly rounded at apex, medial projection of posterolateral angles tumescent, much shorter than the dorsal limit of segment X in lateral view; lateral projection of dorsal rim thin, spine like and lateral to the posterolateral angle; segment X covered by setae, as wide as high in posterior view, and as wide as long in ventral view (Fig. 4 E–H); apical projection of parameres short, with tuft of setae, largest axis of head less than half the length of stem (Fig. 5D–F); phallus with 2 + 2 lateral projections of vesica; ductus seminis distalis twisted, bifid at secondary gonopore; thin conjunctiva accompanying the full length of ductus seminis distalis (Fig. 5P–R).</p><p>Female. Genitalia: Valvifers VIII longer than wide, covering completely the basal portion of the laterotergites IX; lateral angles well projected, surpassing the lateral margin of laterotergites IX and the imaginary line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII; lateral margin of valvifers VIII deflected, covering the limit between laterotergites VIII and IX (Fig. 6B). Folds of valvulae IX with conical microsculptures; thickening of vaginal intima thin and translucent; ring sclerites half the diameter of orificium receptaculi, this about half the width of vaginal intima (Fig. 7B).</p><p>Comments. Considerations on the distribution and differential diagnosis of M. spinolae are as treated in the comments made for M. reticulare .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F00FFD1FF2CDFCBFD8BB199	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
D40F87E76F02FFD1FF2CDCE3FDA7B758.text	D40F87E76F02FFD1FF2CDCE3FDA7B758.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium bifidum (Westwood 1837) Silva & Campos 2021	<div><p>Macropygium bifidum (Westwood, 1837), NEW COMBINATION</p><p>(Figs 2A–B; 4I–L; 5G–I, S–U; 6C; 7C; 10; 12; Table 1)</p><p>Pentatoma bifida Westwood, 1837 in Hope, 1837: 43 NEW SYNONYMY (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare).</p><p>Type specimen (Fig. 10): Pentatoma bifida Westwood, 1837, holotype female, collection site unknown (OUMNH). Labels: TYPE HEM: 249 / PENTATOMA / BIFIDA WESTOOD / HOPE DEPT. OXFORD // Macropygium / reticulare / Fabr. // TYPE. / = = / WESTW. (HOPE) / C. Hemipt. 1837 / Part I, page 43 / Distant, P.Z.S., / 1900, p. 807-825.</p><p>Distribution: Bolivia, Paraguay (Fig. 12).</p><p>Material examined: BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz, Saavedra, 27♀, 12♂, 1959 (FSCA), [-17.25277777778 - 63.211466666667] ; Santa Cruz, 2♂, 1960 (FSCA); 1♀, 1973 (DAR), [-17.8 -63.1666666667]. PARAGUAY, San Pedro, 1♂, 1989 (JEE) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Antennae five-segmented, first and second antennomeres subequal in length; conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore bifurcate at apex; lateral angles of valvifers VIII little projected, not attaining the imaginary line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII.</p><p>Male. Genitalia: conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore bifurcate at apex; posterolateral angles acute, medial projection of posterolateral angles directed dorsoposteriorly, attaining the level of the dorsal limit of segment X in lateral view; lateral projection of dorsal rim thin, spine like, dorsal to the posterolateral angle, and partially covering the medial projection; segment X slightly higher than wide in posterior view, and longer than wide in ventral view (Fig. 4I–L); parameres short, apical projection short and truncate, covered by long setae; largest axis of head equals half the length of stem (Fig. 5G–I); vesica without lateral projections; ductus seminis distalis slender, middle portion twisted (Fig. 5S–U).</p><p>Female. Genitalia: Valvifers VIII longer than wide, lateral angles little projected, not covering all the basal portion of laterotergites IX, reaching the level of a line connecting the mesial thrichobotria of urosternite VII; lateral margins of valvifers VIII reaching the laterotergites VIII; laterotergites IX with mid-lateral depression (Fig. 6C). Folds of valvulae IX with few villi, conical microsculptures conspicuous; thickening of vaginal intima translucent; ring sclerites half the diameter of orificium receptaculi, this almost the width of the vaginal intima (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Comments. Macropygium bifidum is known only from Bolivia (Fig. 12), with an overlapping distribution with M. reticulare and M. spinolae . The pygophore in M bifidum is easily differentiated from M. reticulare and M. spinolae by the bifid apex of the conical projection in the ventral rim (Fig. 4I), and by the slender segment X with subparallel lateral margins (Fig. 4I, J). The conical projection and the segment X in M. graziae (Fig. 4M, N) are similar to M. bifidum, but in M. graziae the lateral projections of the dorsal rim are broad and placed apart from the posterolateral angles of the pygophore (Fig. 4O), while spine-like and close to the posterolateral angles in M. bifidum (Fig. 4K). Female genital plates in M. bifidum are similar to M. reticulare and M. spinolae, as discussed in the comments made to M. reticulare . The valvifers VIII in M. bifidum are narrower than M. spinolae, not covering the limits between the laterotergites VIII and IX (Fig. 6B, C). The valvifers VIII in M. bifidum are relatively longer than M. reticulare, surpassing posteriorly an imaginary line connecting the spiracles in laterotergtes VIII by at least twice the spiracle diameter (Fig. 6C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F02FFD1FF2CDCE3FDA7B758	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
D40F87E76F03FFCFFF2CDB79FBAEB7E7.text	D40F87E76F03FFCFFF2CDB79FBAEB7E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot & Serville 1843)	<div><p>Macropygium subsulcatum (Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843), REVISED STATUS</p><p>(Figs 6E; 11; 12; Table 1)</p><p>Oxyrhinus subsulcatus Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 12 (removed from the synonymy with M. reticulare).</p><p>Macropygium subsulcatum: Dallas, 1851: 158 .</p><p>Lectotype female (here designated) (Fig. 11): FRENCH GUYANE, Cayenne. Labels: Cayenne / Coll. Signoret. // subsulcat. / det. Signoret. (NHM)</p><p>Paralectotype female: FRENCH GUYANE, Cayenne. Labels: Cayenne / Coll. Signoret. // subsulcat. / det. Signoret. (NHM)</p><p>Distribution: French Guyane (Fig. 12).</p><p>Diagnosis: Antennae five-segmented, first antennomere slightly longer than the second; sutural angles of valvifers VIII posteriorly projected; lateral angles of valvifers VIII roundly projected, covering the base of laterotergites IX.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Female. Genitalia: valvifers VIII almost as long as wide; lateral angles of valvifers VIII rounded, slightly surpassing posteriorly an imaginary line connecting the spiracles of laterotergites VIII, and partially covering a third of the basal portion of laterotergites IX; sutural angles of valvifers VIII posteriorly projected; posterior margin of valvifers VIII concave near the sutural angles; laterotergites IX with mild lateral depression (Figs 6E; 11D).</p><p>Comments. Macropygium subsulcatum is currently known only from the two female types, collected in French Guyane (Fig. 12). Macropygium subsulcatum females are readily distinguished from other Macropygium species by the relatively wide valvifers VIII and with broadly rounded apical angle (Fig. 6E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F03FFCFFF2CDB79FBAEB7E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
D40F87E76F1DFFCAFF2CDA3EFCB4B322.text	D40F87E76F1DFFCAFF2CDA3EFCB4B322.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macropygium graziae Silva & Campos 2021	<div><p>Macropygium graziae Silva &amp; Campos, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2C–D; 4M–P; 5J–L, W–Y; 6D; 7D; 13; Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. Male. Labels: LA PAZ (Dep. San Javier) / Córdoba. / 1-20. I. 1929. C. Bruch (MACN).</p><p>Paratypes. ARGENTINA, Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1♀ [-34.599, -58.381] (MACN); Córdoba, La Paz, 2♀, 1928 (MACN); Corrientes, Alvear, 1♀, 1991 (DAR); Entre Rios, 4♀, 1996 (JEE); 1♀, 1991 (DAR); BRAZIL, Santa Catarina, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.292&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.292/lat -28.499)">Urussanga</a>, 2010 (UFRG) [-28.499, -49.292] ; Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.624" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.332/lat -31.624)">Guaíba</a>, 5♀, 1♂, 1974 [-30.113, -51.325] (1♀ MCNRS, 4♀, 1♂ UFRG); Taim, 2♀, 1982 (UFRG) 1♀, 1985 (MCN) [-32.538, -52.540]; Pelotas, 1♀, 2005 (UFRG) [-31.624, -52.332] .</p><p>Etymology: the species is named in honor to Jocelia Grazia, for her friendship, guidance, and contributions to the taxonomy of Neotropical pentatomids; noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution: Brazil, Argentina (Fig. 13).</p><p>Diagnosis. Antennae four-segmented, length of the second antennomere equals the third and fourth antennomeres combined; lateral projection of dorsal rim of pygophore broad and apart from the posterolateral angle; middle portion of posterior margin of valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX, lateral angles not projected.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Male. Genitalia: conical projection of ventral rim of pygophore bifurcate at apex; posterolateral angles acute, medial projection of posterolateral angles broadly rounded and tumescent, almost attaining the dorsal limit of segment X in lateral view; lateral projection of dorsal rim large, subtriangular, apart from the posterolateral angle, and partially covering the medial projection in lateral view; segment X higher than wide in posterior view, and longer than wide in ventral view (Fig. 4M–P); parameres short, apical projection broad with a second apical process (Fig. 5J–L), largest axis of head less than half the length of stem; vesica without lateral projections; ductus seminis distalis thin, helicoidal in the middle portion (Fig. 5W–Y).</p><p>Female. Genitalia: Valvifers VIII partially covering the basal portion of laterotergites IX; middle portion of posterior margin of valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX, lateral angles not projected; laterotergites IX with mild lateral depression (Fig. 6D). Folds of valvulae IX occupying almost half the valvulae surface, with few villi, conical microsculptures barely visible; ring sclerites diameter equals the width of vaginal intima, weakly sclerotized and connected to the thickening of vagina intima, this weakly sclerotized; orificium receptaculi about 2/3 the width of vaginal intima (Fig. 7D).</p><p>Comments. Macropygium graziae occurs in southern Brazil and northern Argentina (Fig. 13), partially overlapping with M. reticulare and M. spinolae . Macropygium graziae can be distinguished from all Macropygium species by the four-segmented antennae; by the lateral projections of the dorsal rim of pygophore broad and placed apart from the posterolateral angles of the pygophore (Fig. 4O); and by the middle portion of the posterior margin of valvifers VIII projected over laterotergites IX (Fig. 6D).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40F87E76F1DFFCAFF2CDA3EFCB4B322	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da;Campos, Luiz Alexandre	Silva, Layse Mitsue Harada Da, Campos, Luiz Alexandre (2021): Revision of Macropygium Spinola, 1837 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae: Ochlerini) with the revalidation of three species and the description of one new species. Zootaxa 4958 (1): 605-627, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.36
