taxonID	type	description	language	source
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Ninglang, Yongning (= Yungning) town, alt. ca. 2725 m, 22 July 1914, H. Handel-Mazzetti 3141 (holotype WU 0039284!). Fig. 4.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Yanshan, Panlong town, alt. 1200 m, in moist places by river, 24 October 1939, C. W. Wang 84625 (holotype KUN 1262283!; isotypes KUN 365880!, PE 00466455!). Fig. 1.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Yunnan: Tengchong, Daju, Beihai, alt. 1730 m, 29 May 2006, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 29700 (holotype CAS 474694!; isotype KUN 1409969!). Fig. 3.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	description	Description: — Perennial herbs, sometimes with stolons. Roots fibrous, cylindric. Stems 4.5 – 48 cm tall, prostrate or ascending, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute, usually branched. Basal leaves 3 – 6; blade simple or ternate, 2 – 5.7 cm long, 2 – 7 cm broad, subglabrous or subappressed hirsute on both sides; blades 3 - partite or 3 - sect, with central lobe or leaflet rhombic-cuneate or rhombic-obovate, 3 - partite or 3 - lobed, incised-dentate and lateral lobes or leaflets obliquely rhombic or obliquely flabellate, unequally 2 - cleft; petioles 2 – 28 cm long, subglabrous, sparsely spreading hirsute, subappressed hirsute, or densely spreading hirsute. Lower stem leaves similar to basal ones; upper stem leaves 3 - sect. Inflorescence monochasial or compound monochasial, 2 – 10 - flowered. Flowers 1 – 1.4 cm in diameter. Pedicels 2 – 5 cm long, sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute. Receptacle hirsute, inflated at fruiting stage. Sepals 5, ovate or broadly ovate, 4 – 5 mm long, 2 – 3 mm broad, abaxially sparsely or densely subappressed hirsute, reflexed at anthesis. Petals 5, rarely 3 or 7, oblong, 5 – 6 mm long, 2 – 2.5 mm broad, apex rounded, with inconspicuous claw at base and nectary covered by a scale. Stamens 15 – 25; filaments linear, 1.2 – 2 mm long; anthers oblong, 1 – 1.5 mm long. Gynoecium subglobose. Carpels numerous, obliquely ovate; ovaries ca. 1.3 mm long, with very short and slightly curved styles. Aggregate fruit subglobose or globose, 6 – 8 mm in diameter. Achenes flat, obliquely obovate, ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm broad, glabrous, narrowly marginate, with short, acute beaks at apex. Phenology: — Flowering from March to June; fruiting from May to July.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Ranunculus trigonus is distributed in northwestern Guizhou, southwestern Sichuan, southeastern Xizang (Tibet), and Yunnan (Fig. 24). It grows by roadsides, riverbanks, or in farmlands at elevations of 1300 – 3300 m above sea level.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined (barcodes are cited when available): — CHINA. Guizhou: Weining, Anonymous 165 (HGAS 013365), Y. P. Zeng 58 (IBSC). Sichuan: Daocheng, Anonymous 768 (CDBI 0025669), T. T. Yu 13236 (KUN 0688325, PE 00466458); Muli, F. Q. Lu 7750 (CDBI 0025667; SZ 00091769), T. T. Yu 7214 (PE 00466418, PE 00466419); Yanyuan, H. Handel-Mazzetti 2229 (WU 0039285), Yanyuan Exped. 360 (SM 704604258, SM 704604310). Xizang: Zayü, Z. C. Ni et al. 529 (PE 00466470). Yunnan: Binchuan, Anonymous 65 - 0600 (KUN 00051668); Dali, G. Forrest 4374 (P 00193607), H. Koyama et al. 846 (KUN 0691513), C. W. Wang 63499 (KUN 0688343, LBG 00051663, NAS 00185275, PE 00466420, PE 00466421), Q. E. Yang 9407 (PE 02344185), Q. E. Yang 9428 (PE 00466437), Z. J. Yin & H. J. Dong 535 (KUN 1215331); Dayao, Y. Chen & B. Bai 61 (KUN 0691624); Dêqên, Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 8344 (PE 00048478); Eryuan: J. M. Delavay 1080 (P 00193774), J. M. Delavay 2171 (P 00193779), J. M. Delavay s. n. (P); Fengqing, C. W. Wang 71958 (PE 00466450, PE 00466453); Fuming, B. Y. Qiu 59220 (KUN 365926); Guangnan, C. W. Wang 87228 (KUN 377504, PE 00466457), C. W. Wang & Y. Liu 87447 (KUN 365882, PE 00466454); Heqing, J. M. Delavay 1515 (P 00193776, P 00193777, P 00203884), Q. Lin et al. 771826 (KUN 0691531, KUN 0691531); Jianchuan, Q. E. Yang 94132 (PE 02344183); Jingdong, M. K. Li 3105 (KUN 0687344), Y. P. Zeng 21 (IBSC), Y. P. Zeng 25 (IBSC); Kunming, Anonymous 50776 (PE 00466447), W. Q. Fei & Y. P. Zeng 253 (IBSC), K. H. Liang 168 (KUN 0687346), T. N. Liou 13553 (PE 00466466), T. N. Liou 13747 (PE 00466467), T. N. Liou 16940 (PE 00466442), T. N. Liou 19470 (KUN 378507, PE 00466443), B. Y. Qiu 70124 (CDBI 0025670, IBK 00356836); Lijiang, D. Chamberlain et al. SBL 000000132 (E, K), R. C. Ching 20284 (KUN 0688352, KUN 0688353, PE 00466433), H. Li et al. 611 (KUN 0691536), Q. Lin et al. 771015 (KUN 0691522, KUN 0691522), S. H. Nie 71406 (PE 01458722), C. Schneider 3387 (K), C. W. Wang 65016 (KUN 0688341, PE 00466426, PE 00466430), C. W. Wang 71462 (KUN 0688340, LBG 00051841, PE 00466422, PE 00466431), Q. E. Yang 94131 (PE 00459650), Q. E. Yang 94154 (PE 02344184), S. W. Yu 65061 (KUN 365907, PE 00466427, PE 00466432), S. W. Yu & A. L. Zhang 100864 (KUN 378522), Zhongdian Exped. 674 (KUN 0688334, PE 00466428, PE 00466429); Longling, Gaoligong Shan Biodiversity Survey 17637 (KUN 1409911); Luquan, P. I. Mao 1338 (KUN 365901, PE 00466461); Lushui, W. Q. Fei & Y. P. Zeng 216 (IBSC); Mengzi, M. Tanant s. n. (P 00193782); Ninglang, Y. P. Zeng & Y. F. Luo 500 (IBSC), T. J. Tong & Y. Hong 61 (IBSC); Precise locality unknown, J. M. Delavay 488 (P 00186621), J. M. Delavay 2314 (P 00186623), F. Ducloux 6179 (P 00186624); Shangrila, Anonymous 78 (HITBC), Y. P. Zeng & Y. F. Luo 520 (IBSC), X. W. Tian et al. 466 (PE 00500487, SZ 00378189), Q. E. Yang & H. Z. Kong 98 - 241 (PE 0234425, PE 0234426), Q. E. Yang & Q. Yuan Yangqe 2028 (PE 02032596), Q. S. Yang et al. ZhouZK- 07 ZX- 0201 (KUN 1232831), Zhongdian Exped. 63 - 2732 (KUN 0688357); Shizong, Shizong Exped. 78 (IBK 00356777); Shuangjiang, C. W. Wang 72986 (NAS 00185278, PE 00466451, PE 00466452); Songming, B. Y. Qiu 51347 (KUN 0688330), B. Y. Qiu 51649 (KUN 51649, PE 51649); Tengchong, W. Q. Fei & Y. P. Zeng 223 (IBSC), H. Li 11334 (E 00208506, PE 1409868), Y. Z. Zhou zhyz- 205 (KUN 1232845); Weixi, Qinghai-Xizang Exped. 6490 (KUN 0691599, PE 00466459, PE 01108284, PE 01108286); Wenshan, Y. M. Shui 2322 (PE 00466434); Yangbi, R. C. Ching 22285 (KUN 378513, PE 00466424), H. Hara & K. Y. Guan 325 (KUN 377401); Yanshan, W. Q. Fei & Y. P. Zeng 248 (IBSC), W. Q. Fei & Y. P. Zeng 252 (IBSC); Yimen, W. Q. Yin 39 (PE 00466460); Yongsheng, NW Yunnan Jinsha River Exped. 6462 (KUN 068326, PE 00458477, PE 00466423), Yongsheng Chin. Med. Resour. Exped. 5307220520 (IMDY 0001862); Yunlong, Q. E. Yang 93050 (PE 00466438); Zhenkang, T. T. Yu 16979 (KUN 378514, PE 00466445, PE 00466446).	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
DB1287B1FF8DFFAE40FB77DFCF60FEE9.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Morphologically Ranunculus trigonus is somewhat similar to R. chinensis in having hirsute stems, obliquely ovate carpels with very short and slightly curved styles, and flat, obliquely obovate, glabrous, narrowly marginate achenes with short, acute beaks. However, R. trigonus (Figs. 10 – 14, 18, 19, 21) is easily distinguishable from R. chinensis (Fig. 20) by having subglobose (vs. long ovoid) gynoecium, subglobose or globose (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) aggregate fruit, and ovoid (vs. long ovoid-cylindric) receptacle. Ranunculus trigonus var. strigosus Wang (1996: 164) was described on the basis of a single specimen, C. W. Wang 72869 (KUN 1262286; Fig. 25 A), from Gengma county in Yunnan province, China. In the protologue, Wang (1996) stated that this variety was distinguishable from the type variety, var. trigonus, by having densely strigose (vs. spreading pubescent) stems and petioles, larger flowers (ca. 1.5 cm vs. 0.6 – 1 cm in diameter), longer sepals (ca. 5 mm vs. ca. 6 mm), and larger petals (7 – 8 mm × 3 – 4 mm vs. 3.2 – 6 mm × 1.6 – 4 mm). Our survey of herbarium specimens resulted in the discovery of four duplicate sheets of the holotype of R. trigonus var. strigosus, three at PE (Fig. 25 B – D) and one at LBG (not shown here). In 1975, L. Liou identified two of the PE sheets (Fig. 25 B, C) as R. chinensis, and the remaining one at PE (Fig. 25 D) as R. cantoniensis Candolle (1824: 43). However, the latter PE one (Fig. 25 D) was identified as R. laetus Wallich ex Royle (1834: 53) in December 1955 and R. silerifolius Léveillé (1909: 257) in October 2004, by W. T. Wang, the author of R. trigonus var. strigosus. The LBG sheet has not as yet been identified. Based on critical observations on type specimens of R. trigonus var. strigosus, we suspect that this variety may be a hybrid, with R. chinensis and R. silerifolius as its parents, because its basal leaves is somewhat similar to those of R. chinensis in shape, and its carpels is somewhat similar to those of R. silerifolius in having long, recurved styles at apex. Further studies, particularly observations on living plants in the wild and molecular work, are needed to determine the relationships among R. chinensis, R. silerifolius, R. trigonus var. strigosus and R. trigonus var. trigonus.	en	Fei, Wen-Qun, Yuan, Qiong, Yang, Qin-Er (2023): Ranunculus tengchongensis and R. yanshanensis (Ranunculaceae), both described from Yunnan in China, are merged with R. trigonus. Phytotaxa 595 (1): 7-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.595.1.2
