identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DB2887ABFFFDE165ED4BFD65FB5CA0BF.text	DB2887ABFFFDE165ED4BFD65FB5CA0BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanzatus Kovarik 2001	<div><p>Lanzatus Kovařík, 2001</p> <p>(Figs. 1–40, 123–124, 155, Table 1)</p> <p>Lanzatus Kovařík, 2001: 41–44, figs. 1–7; Fet &amp; Soleglad, 2005: 11; Fet et al., 2005: 3, 11–12, 20, 22–25, Tab. 1, Fig. 23–25; Prendini &amp; Wheeler, 2005: 462, 481; Dupré, 2007: 7, 13, 16; Kovařík et al., 2007: 207; Kovařík, 2009: 23, 31.</p> <p>= Sabinebuthus Lourenço, 2001a: 16–18, figs. 1–5; Fet &amp; Soleglad, 2005: 4, 11; Fet et al., 2005: 3, 11, 20, 22–23, Tab. 1, Fig. 23; Prendini &amp; Wheeler, 2005: 462, 481; Dupré, 2007: 10, 13, 17; Kovařík, 2009: 23, 31 (syn. by Lourenço, 2001b: 174).</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. Lanzatus somalicus Kovařík, 2001.</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 17.9–27.6 mm. Pedipalps orthobothriotaxic type A (Vachon, 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in β -configuration (Vachon, 1975); trichobothrium d 2 of femur internal to dorsointernal carina; d 3 of patella internal to dorsomedian carina, when carina present; V 2 on chela manus located behind V 1; it on distal fixed finger. Pectines with fulcra. Pectine teeth number 18–24. Basal middle lamella of pectines in females not dilated. Hemispermatophore unknown. Sternum subtriangular. Tibial spurs absent on legs I– IV. Cheliceral fixed finger with one ventral denticle, margins of fingers with standard pattern of buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963). Carapace without distinct carinae, in lateral view with entire dorsal surface horizontal, or nearly so. Lateral eyes number 5 pairs. Pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 7 diagonal rows. Tergites I– VI smooth to finely granulated with one indicated carina or acarinate. Stigmata are narrow slits. Metasomal segments all elongate, smooth, acarinate. Telson elongate, smooth, without subaculear tubercle, aculeus shorter than vesicle.</p> <p>COMMENTS ABOUT SYNONYMY. Lourenço (2001b: 174) stated that Lanzatus somalicus Kovařík, 2001 is a synonym of Sabinebuthus elegans Lourenço, 2001. He provided no evidence whatsoever that S. elegans and L. somalicus are the same species, and instead only told a story about searching for specimens and competing, which the first author perceives very differently. However, this discussion has no place in a technical paper and we therefore refrain from commenting. The published descriptions of these two genera/species include substantial differences that would indicate that they belong to separate genera, distinguishable in a key as follows:</p> <p>Movable finger of pedipalp with six rows of granules which do not form diagonal rows and lack accessory granules (see fig. 4 in Lourenço, 2001a: 19) ……..…........................................................ Sabinebuthus elegans – Movable finger of pedipalp with seven rows of granules which form diagonal rows and have accessory granules (see Fig. 15 and fig. 6 in Kovařík, 2001: 44)...........……….................................................... Lanzatus</p> <p>Since the request of the first author for a loan of the holotype of Sabinebuthus elegans was refused, we can only speculate about two possibilities: a) fig. 4 in Lourenço, 2001a: 19 is correct and Lourenço, 2001b: 174 is incorrect in claiming that the two taxa are synonyms; b) fig. 4 in Lourenço, 2001a: 19, and with it the entire diagnosis of Sabinebuthus elegans, are incorrect and these two genera/species are synonyms. To mention one additional detail, Lourenço (2001b: 174) correctly states that the description of Lanzatus somalicus was published on 30 March 2001. However, he is incorrect in stating that the description of Sabinebuthus elegans was published on 1 March 2001, since the date of the issue is given only as “ March 2001 ”. According to the ICZN, if only the month is given then the last day of that month, not the first, is the valid publication date. Consequently, Sabinebuthus elegans was described on 31 March 2001.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFFDE165ED4BFD65FB5CA0BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFFDE163EF97FA55FAB2A259.text	DB2887ABFFFDE163EF97FA55FAB2A259.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanzatus somalicus Kovarik 2001	<div><p>Lanzatus somalicus Kovařík, 2001</p> <p>(Figs. 5–6, 11–12, 29, 32–34, 155)</p> <p>Lanzatus somalicus Kovařík, 2001: 42–44, figs. 1–7; Kovařík, 2003: 135, 141; Fet et al., 2005: 12; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 108; Kovařík, 2009: 30.</p> <p>= Sabinebuthus elegans Lourenço, 2001a: 16–20, figs. 1–6 (type locality and type repository: Somalie, région de Brava, entre Modun et Awai, MNHN); Kovařík, 2003: 135 (syn. by Lourenço, 2001b: 174).</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Somalia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.183334/lat 1.95)">Gesěra’s</a> mangrove, 01º57'N 45º11'E; MZUF.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Somalia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.183334/lat 1.95)">Gesěra’s</a> mangrove, 01º57'N 45º11'E, 2 m a.s.l., VIII.1975, SBS (Spedizione Biologica Somalia), 1♂ (holotype), MZUF No. 540; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.733334/lat 4.5)">Lesňmma</a>, 04º30'N 45º44'E, 268 m a.s.l., 3.VIII.1969, 1♂ (paratype, in original description incorrectly cited as immature, Figs. 5–6, 11–12, 29, 32–34), leg. B. Lanza under a stone in a rainy period, FKCP.</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 19.7–27.6 mm in males. Base color uniformly yellow to yellowish brown with black only around the eyes. Fifth metasomal segment marbled grayish black. Pectine teeth number 19–24 in male. Femur and patella of pedipalps bear inconspicuous dorsal carinae. Chela of pedipalp smooth and narrow. No other carinae on pedipalp chela, carapace and tergites. Sternites smooth, without carinae and granules. Metasomal segments smooth, without carinae, and with rounded edges. Dorsal surface of metasomal segments I– IV bear an inconspicuous longitudinal groove. Metasomal segments IV – V densely and very finely granulated. Telson elongated, smooth, with aculear ring well developed in male. Aculeus slightly curved.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFFDE163EF97FA55FAB2A259	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFF8E16CECCAFBD6FDF6A1FD.text	DB2887ABFFF8E16CECCAFBD6FDF6A1FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lanzatus somalilandus Kovarik et Lowe 2016	<div><p>Lanzatus somalilandus Kovařík et Lowe, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 1–4, 7–10, 13–28, 30–31, 35–40, 123–124, 155, Table 1) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:22B29B</p> <p>26-A917-4D0E-BF1F-6D5A1EEB7992</p> <p>Lanzatus somalicus: Kovařík et al., 2013a: 18.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.49325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.611139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.49325/lat 9.611139)">Somaliland</a>, between Sheikh and Laas Caanood, 09°36'40.1"N 45°29' 35.7"E, 1089 m a.s.l., FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.49325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.611139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.49325/lat 9.611139)">Somaliland</a>, between Sheikh and Laas Caanood, 09°36'40.1"N 45°29'35.7"E, 1089 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 11SL, Fig. 40 and fig. 71 in Kovařík et al., 2013a: 17), 10.VII.2011, 2♂ (holotype, Figs. 3–4, 9–10, 28, 30–31 and paratype) 1♀ (paratype, Figs. 1–2, 7–8, 13–27, 35–37, 39, 123–124), leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the country of occurrence.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS. Total length 17.9 (male)– 26 mm (female). Base color uniformly yellowish orange with black only around the eyes. Fifth metasomal segment slightly marbled in grayish black. Pectine teeth number 18 in both sexes. Pedipalps bear inconspicuous smooth carinae. Pedipalp chela smooth and narrow. Sternites smooth, without carinae and granules. Tergites I–VI finely granulated with one carina present or indicated. Metasomal segments smooth, without carinae, with rounded edges. Dorsal surfaces of metasomal segments I–IV bear an inconspicuous longitudinal groove. Metasomal segments III–V smooth (female) or densely and very finely granulated (males). Telson elongated, smooth, with aculear ring slightly indicated in male. Aculeus strongly curved.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. The adults are 17.9 (male)– 26 mm (female) long. The habitus is shown in Figs. 1–4. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see Figs. 17–20 and 22. Sexual dimorphism: adult male integument matte, female glossy (Figs. 38–39), telson narrower in male (Fig. 28) than in female (Fig. 27), with aculear ring indicated.</p> <p>Coloration (Figs. 38–39). The base color is uniformly yellowish orange with black only around the eyes, tergites darker. Tarsomeres of legs and telson white. Fifth metasomal segment slightly marbled in grayish black.</p> <p>Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 7–10). Entire carapace is finely granulated, with a glossy area only between the posterior and median eyes in the female. Carinae absent. Anterior margin of carapace almost straight. Tergites finely granulated, with one median carina more indicated in female. Pectinal tooth count 18 in both sexes. Pectine marginal tips extend to half of the fourth sternite in the female, to end of the fourth sternite in the male. Pectines with 3 marginal lamellae and 8–9 middle lamellae. All lamellae and fulcra bear numerous pale setae. All sternites smooth.</p> <p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 27–28, 30–31, 35–37). Metasomal segments smooth and hirsute, without carinae, with rounded edges. Dorsal surface of the first to fourth metasomal segments bearing an inconspicuous longitudinal groove. Third to fifth metasomal segments smooth (female) or densely and very finely granulated (males). Telson elongated, smooth, with aculear ring slightly indicated in male. Telson length/ width ratio 3.94 in male, 3.61 in female. Aculeus strongly curved.</p> <p>Chelicerae (Figs. 13–14, 123–124). Manus 1.4 times longer than wide, dorsal surface smooth with strong anterior marginal and dorsointernal carinae, bearing 3 long pale setae, 2 on anterior marginal carina and 1 submarginal, and 1 long dark macroseta on mid-dorsointernal carina. Dorsal surface of movable finger smooth, with 2 pale microsetae. Dorsal surface of fixed finger with sparse setae with fluorescent bases. Ventral surfaces of manus, fixed and movable fingers bearing numerous medium to long setae with fluorescent bases (Fig. 14), setae on ventral manus well spaced, not very dense, widely distributed. Fingers robust, with typical buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963). Dorsal margin of movable finger armed with 5 teeth: dorsal distal tine, subdistal, median and apparently 2 small basal teeth fused in bicusp. Ventral margin of movable finger with 3 teeth: ventral distal tine, median and basal teeth. Fixed finger margin with 4 teeth: distal tine, subdistal, median and basal teeth fused into bicusp. Ventral surface of fixed finger armed with a single tooth (Fig. 124).</p> <p>Pedipalps (Figs. 15–22). Pedipalps smooth, sparsely hirsute, with inconspicuous smooth carinae. Pedipalp chela narrow, chela length/ width ratio 5.23 in male, 5.28 in female. Dentate margin of pedipalp chela with distinct granules divided into 7 diagonal rows (including apical row) on movable finger, 6 diagonal rows on fixed finger (of which five have an accessory external granule). Terminal and subterminal granules present.</p> <p>Legs (Figs. 23–26). Legs I–IV with tibial spurs absent, retrolateral and prolateral pedal spurs present. All legs smooth, without distinct carinae. Tarsomeres bear two rows of macrosetae on the ventral surface, and additional macrosetae on other surfaces. Tarsomeres of legs I–III with 5 to 9 setae.</p> <p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p> <p>A FFINITIES. Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and L. somalicus are differentiated mainly by separate areas of distribution (Fig. 155). They can be separated by morphology of the telson, which is narrower with aculear ring only indicated in L. somalilandus sp. n. (Fig. 28), vs. broader with ring well developed in a male of L. somalicus (Fig. 29). The telson length/ width ratio is 3.94 in male and 3.61 in female of L. somalilandus sp. n., vs. 3.45 in male paratype of L. somalicus. The aculeus is strongly curved in L. somalilandus sp. n. (Figs. 27–28) vs. slightly curved in L. somalicus (Fig. 29). L. somalicus has 19–24 pectine teeth in males (19– 20 in material examined here, 24 in type of Sabinebuthus elegans), vs. 18 teeth in all three types including two males of L. somalilandus sp. n.</p> <p>C OMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. On 10 July 2011 the first author, Tomáš Mazuch and Pavel Novák stopped at the locality 11SL (c.f. Fig. 40 and fig. 71 in Kovařík et al., 2013a: 17; a sizeable area of windblown sands with sparse shrubs) about one hour after sunset and persuaded the soldiers/ protectors to allow collecting near a road by UV detection at night for at least 15 minutes, a period which yielded all three types of L. somalilandus sp. n., found running on the sand near the shrubs, and a juvenile paratype of Gint dabakalo Kovařík et Mazuch, 2015.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFF8E16CECCAFBD6FDF6A1FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFF4E16DED46FA9CFE1DA260.text	DB2887ABFFF4E16DED46FA9CFE1DA260.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthochirus Karsch 1892	<div><p>Orthochirus Karsch, 1892</p> <p>(Figs. 41–77, 155, Table 1)</p> <p>Orthochirus Karsch, 1892: 306; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 193–199 (complete reference list until 2000); Kovařík, 2004: 4–23, 25–28, figs. 1–8 (complete reference list until 2004); Kovařík &amp; Fet, 2006: 1– 10, figs. 1–9; Navidpour et al., 2008: 14–20, figs. 19, 23–31.</p> <p>= Orthodactylus Karsch, 1881: 90, a junior homonym of Orthodactylus Hitchcock, 1858 (Reptilia), type species: Orthodactylus olivaceus Karsch, 1881 = Orthochirus scrobiculosus (Grube, 1873) (syn. by Kraepelin, 1895: 84).</p> <p>= Simonoides Vachon et Farzanpay in Farzanpay, 1987: 162, type species: Simonoides farzanpayi Vachon et Farzanpay, 1987 (syn. by Kovařík &amp; Fet, 2006: 1).</p> <p>= Afghanorthochirus Lourenço et Vachon, 1997: 330, type species: Afghanoorthochirus erardi Lourenço et Vachon, 1997 (syn. by Kovařík, 2004: 5).</p> <p>= Paraorthochirus Lourenço et Vachon, 1995: 299 (nomen nudum see Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 211); Lourenço &amp; Vachon, 1997: 329, type species: Paraorthochirus stockwelli Lourenço et Vachon, 1995 (syn. by Navidpour et al., 2008: 17).</p> <p>Pseudorthochirus [sic]: Lourenço &amp; Vachon, 1995: 304.</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. Orthodactylus olivaceus Karsch, 1881 = Orthochirus scrobiculosus (Grube, 1873).</p> <p>D IAGNOSIS. Total length under 60 mm. Pedipalps orthobothriotaxic type A (Vachon, 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in β -configuration (Vachon, 1 975); trichobothrium d 2 of femur present or absent, either internal or external to dorsointernal carina; d 3 of femur internal to dorsomedian carina, when carina present; V 2 on chela manus located behind V 1; it on distal fixed finger. Pectines with fulcra, hirsute. Basal middle lamella of pectines in females not dilated. Males with genital papillae. Hemispermatophore flagelliform with lobes of capsule in 3+1 configuration, basal lobe small, median lobe not fused to base of flagellum. Sternum subpentagonal. Tibial spurs present on third and fourth legs. Cheliceral fixed finger with two ventral denticles, margins of fingers with standard pattern of buthid dentition (Vachon, 1963). Carapace without distinct carinae, in lateral view distinctly inclined downward from median eyes to anterior margin. Pedipalp chela movable finger with distinct granules divided into 7–11 rows, with 2–5 subdistal granules. Tergites I – VI smooth to granulated with one indicated carina or acarinate. Stigmata are narrow slits. Metasomal - I–II with carinae. Metasomal segments IV – V ventrally punctate. Telson elongate, smooth, without subaculear tubercle, aculeus as long as, or longer than vesicle.</p> <p>COMMENTS. Kraepelin (1903: 563) cited one specimen of Butheolus aristidis (= Orthochirus aristidis (Simon, 1883)) collected in " Somalia, Lasman, Febr. 1900"; Werner (1916: 81) cited a juvenile from Djibouti. These two specimens have not been recently revised and there is a possibility that the specimen from Somalia could be a species of the genus Orthochiroides Kovařík, 1998 which in Somalia is represented by the type species Orthochiroides vachoni Kovařík, 1998 (Somalia, Sar Uanle, about 20 km south from Chisimaio, 00°29'48"S 42°25'30"E). In contrast, the occurence of the genus Orthochirus in Djibouti is expected, but this population is most probably not O. aristidis. Lourenço &amp; Leguin (2011: 1–4, 13, 14, 15, figs. 1–4, 22, 27, 33) published a redescription of O. aristidis based on the lectotype and paralectotypes from Nubia (Egypt / Sudan), near the Nile, and a topotype female collected in Sudan (Nubia), Wadi Halfa, X/1975. They also published a photo of live female from Djibouti (Lourenço &amp; Leguin, 2011: 4, fig. 5) without information about whether the specimen was only photographed, or was collected, studied and compared to the types. Lourenço &amp; Leguin (2011: 3) also presumed that O. aristidis could occur in Ethiopia although no Orthochirus from Ethiopia was cited before this paper (Kovařík, 2003: 135). The types of O. afar sp. n. represent the first verified record of the genus Orthochirus from Ethiopia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFF4E16DED46FA9CFE1DA260	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFF5E175EFAAF91FFF07A1FA.text	DB2887ABFFF5E175EFAAF91FFF07A1FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthochirus afar Kovarik et Lowe 2016	<div><p>Orthochirus afar Kovařík et Lowe, sp. n.</p> <p>(Figs. 41–77, 155, Table 1) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:991F421D-</p> <p>D1D9-4ED6-A191-50AE4865FD29</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia, Afar Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.662502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.160555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.662502/lat 10.160555)">Gewane</a>, 10°09'38"N 40°39'45"E, 631 m a.s.l., FKCP.</p> <p>TYPE MATERIAL. Ethiopia, Afar Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=40.662502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.160555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 40.662502/lat 10.160555)">Gewane</a>, 10° 09'38"N 40°39'45"E, 631 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 12EO, Figs. 76–77), 23–24.XI.2012, 1♂ (holotype, Figs. 41– 42, 45–46, 49, 59–60, 66–68, 74) 1♂ 1♀ (paratypes, Figs. 43–44, 47–48, 50–58, 61–65, 69–71, 75) 1♂ juv. (paratype), leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; 11°43'22"N 40°56' 52"E, 457 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 12EM, Fig. 73), 20. XI.2012, 1♀ juv. (paratype, Fig. 72), leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY. Named after the Afar (Afar: Qafár) people, also known as the Danakil and Adal, an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa. They reside primarily in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and northern Djibouti, although some also live in the southern end of Eritrea. The Afars speak the Afar language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Both recorded localities of this species are within their territory.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: Adults from 23 mm (male) to 29 mm (female) long. Base color uniformly black, sternites III– VI brown with yellow zones indicated, pedipalp movable fingers yellow, tarsomeres of legs yellow to white, telson reddish brown. Pectine teeth number 18–20 in males, 16–17 in females. Metasomal segments IV–V ventrally punctate, without median carinae; areas between punctae smooth. Entire metasoma glabrous. Dorsal surface of metasomal segments III–V smooth medially. Pedipalp chela movable finger bear 10 or 11 rows of granules, with internal and external accessory granules. Fixed fingers bear 9 rows of granules, with internal and external accessory granules. Tarsomeres of legs without bristlecombs.</p> <p>DESCRIPTION. Adults 23 mm (male)– 29 mm (female) long. Habitus as shown in Figs. 41–44. For position and distribution of trichobothria of pedipalps see Figs. 51–54 and 56–57. On femur, trichobothrium d 2 missing, distance between d 1 and d 3 shorter that distance between d 3 and d 4, e 1 situated between d 3 and d 4. Only minor sexual dimorphism in pectines (Figs. 46 vs. 48), no difference between sexes in relative lengths or widths of pedipalps and metasomal segments.</p> <p>Coloration (Figs. 41–48). Base color uniformly black, sternites III–VI brown with yellow zones indicated, seventh sternite black. Chelicerae brown to black, reticulate. Pedipalp movable finger yellow, lighter than manus. Tarsomeres of legs yellow to white. Telson reddish brown.</p> <p>Carapace and mesosoma (Figs. 45–48). Entire carapace covered by large granules. Carinae absent. Anterior margin of the carapace almost straight, weakly convex medially. Tergites granulated, coarsely so in males. Tergite VII pentacarinate. Pectinal tooth count 18–20 (2x18, 3x19, 1x20) in males, 16–17 (3x16, 1x17) in females. Pectine marginal tips extend to end of fourth sternite in both sexes. The pectines with three marginal lamellae, 6–7 middle lamellae. Lamellae and fulcra bear numerous pale setae. Sternites III–VI smooth without carinae. Sternite VII densely granulated, with one pair of carinae.</p> <p>Metasoma and telson (Figs. 66–71). First and second metasomal segments bear a total of 10 granulated carinae. Segments III–V lacking lateral carinae, segments IV and V with only dorsal and ventrolateral carinae, all smooth, sometimes incomplete. First metasomal segment granulated, second segment partly granulated, other segments smooth. All segments punctate. Punctae weak on first segment, stronger on segments II–V. Areas between punctae smooth. Dorsal surface of all metasomal segments smooth medially except for first segment. Entire metasoma and telson glabrous. Short, thin setae may emerge from some punctae. Telson punctate, lacking granules.</p> <p>Pedipalps (Figs. 49–60). Pedipalp femur granulate, bearing 5 granulate carinae. Patella with 7 smooth, well developed carinae. Chela with smooth carinae which may be discernible throughout length of fixed finger. Movable finger with 10 or 11 rows of granules, flanked by 9 or 10 internal and 8 or 9 external accessory granules, 4 subterminal granules, one terminal granule. Fixed finger with 9 rows of granules, flanked by 8 internal and 8 external accessory granules.</p> <p>Legs (Figs. 61–65). Legs III and IV with tibial spurs. Retrolateral and prolateral pedal spurs present on all legs. Femur, patella, tibia and partly tarsomere I carinate and smooth. Patella with only a few solitary setae and spines. The tibia with only several spines on the external aspect. Tarsomeres of legs without bristlecombs.</p> <p>Measurements. See Table 1.</p> <p>AFFINITIES. The described features distinguish O. afar sp. n. from all other species of the genus. O. afar sp. n. is similar to O. aristidis from Egypt and Sudan. These two can be separated unequivocally by: 1) fixed and movable fingers of pedipalp with 9 and 10–11 rows of granules in O. afar sp. n., vs. 8 and 9 rows of granules in O. aristidis; 2) sternites III–VI brown with yellow zones indicated in O. afar sp. n. (Figs. 46 and 48), vs. black without yellow zones in O. aristidis (fig. 4 in Lourenço &amp; Leguin, 2011: 3); 3) sternite VII densely granulated, bearing one pair of carinae in O. afar sp. n. (Figs. 46 and 48), vs. two pairs of moderate carinae with some minute granulations in O. aristidis (Lourenço &amp; Leguin, 2011: 2); 4) on pedipalp femur, distance between trichobothria d 1 and d 3 shorter than distance between d 3 and d 4, trichobothrium e 1 situated between d 3 and d 4 in O. afar sp. n. (Fig. 57), vs. distance between d 1 and d 3 approximately equal to that between d 3 and d 4, trichobothrium e 1 is situated between d 2 and d 3 in O. aristidis (fig. 27 in Lourenço &amp; Leguin, 2011: 14); 5) pectinal tooth count 18–20 in males, 16–17 in females of O. afar sp. n., vs. 16–18 in males, 13–16 in females of O. aristidis.</p> <p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The first author visited the type locality 12EO (Figs. 76–77) on 23–24 November 2012 and collected four type specimens in a narrow area on the margin of a hillside (Fig. 76) by UV detection at night. In addition to O. afar sp. n. which was very rare there, the first author also recorded at this locality Buthus awashensis Kovařík, 2011, Compsobuthus abyssinicus (Birula, 1903), Neobuthus awashensis Kovařík et Lowe, 2012, and Parabuthus abyssinicus Pocock, 1901. The first author visited the second locality 12EM (Fig. 73) on 20 November 2012 shortly after sunset and also recorded at this locality (UV detection) Buthus awashensis and Neobuthus awashensis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFF5E175EFAAF91FFF07A1FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFEDE172ED6FFA91FE63A279.text	DB2887ABFFEDE172ED6FFA91FE63A279.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Somalicharmus Kovarik 1998	<div><p>Somalicharmus Kovařík, 1998</p> <p>(Figs. 78–122, 125–155, Table 2)</p> <p>Somalicharmus Kovařík, 1998: 116, 119–122, figs. 9– 15; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 224; Soleglad &amp; Fet, 2003b: 88, Tab. 9; Fet &amp; Soleglad, 2005: 11; Fet et al., 2005: 3, 14, 22, Tab. 1, Fig. 23; Prendini &amp; Wheeler, 2005: 481; Dupré, 2007: 10, 13, 16; Kovařík et al., 2007: 201, 205–208, fig. 15; Kovařík, 2009: 21, 31; Mirza et al., 2016: 1.</p> <p>EMENDED DIAGNOSIS. Total length 18.5– 25 mm. Pedipalps orthobothriotaxic type A (Vachon, 1974); dorsal trichobothria of femur arranged in α -configuration (Vachon, 1975) (Fig. 100); trichobothrium d 2 of femur fenced by granules associated with dorsointernal carina, position may appear either dorsal or internal to carina; patella with dorsomedian carina absent, but trichobothrium d 3 located external to d 4; chela manus with V 2 displaced externally relative to V 1; db on distal manus, dt on base of fixed finger (Fig. 93); it on base of fixed finger (Figs. 95, 111). Pectines with fulcra, hirsute (Fig. 112). Pectine teeth number 11–14. Basal middle lamella of pectines extremely dilated and rounded in females (Figs. 116 vs. 115). Males with genital papillae. Hemispermatophore flagelliform with lobes of capsule in 2+1 configuration, basal lobe enlarged, elongate, median lobe not fused to flagellum. Sternum subpentagonal (Figs. 115, 116, 122). Long tibial spurs present on third and fourth legs (Figs. 119–120). Chelicera with reduced dentition, movable finger ventral margin smooth, fixed finger margin with 2 non-distal denticles, lacking bicusp, ventral surface of fixed finger without denticles (Figs. 125–128). Carapace granulated without carinae (Figs. 113–114, 121), in lateral view with entire dorsal surface horizontal or nearly so. Lateral eyes number 2 pairs (type 2A layout, Loria &amp; Prendini, 2014). Movable finger of pedipalp with 8–9 rows and fixed finger with 7–8 rows of granules forming imbricated diagonal rows, with external and internal accessory granules (Figs. 101, 110–111). Tergites densely granulate in males (Fig. 113, 121), more so than in females (Fig. 114); carinae absent or barely indicated by series of more closely spaced granules. Stigmata small, subovoid or hemielliptic slits. Metasoma stout, segments I with 10 carinae, II–III with 8 carinae; segments I–III with ventrosubmedian and ventrolateral carinae strong, the latter posteriorly converging and connecting to form a U-shaped margin carina (Figs. 84, 88); ventral surfaces of segments IV–V coarsely granulated without carinae (Figs. 84, 88, 92). Telson strongly swollen, nearly spherical, with a minute subaculear tubercle, its ventral surface densely hirsute with long setae, covered with prominent, pointed, darkbrown to black granules, aculeus shorter than vesicle. (Figs. 82, 86, 90–92).</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES. Somalicharmus whitmanae Kovařík, 1998, by monotypy.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFEDE172ED6FFA91FE63A279	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
DB2887ABFFEAE145EFADF936FB71A264.text	DB2887ABFFEAE145EFADF936FB71A264.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Somalicharmus whitmanae Kovarik 1998	<div><p>Somalicharmus whitmanae Kovařík, 1998</p> <p>(Figs. 78–122, 125–155, Table 2)</p> <p>Somalicharmus whitmanae Kovařík, 1998: 116, 119– 122, figs. 9–15; Fet &amp; Lowe, 2000: 224; Kovařík, 2003: 135, 145; Fet et al., 2005: 14; Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 112.</p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE REPOSITORY. Ethiopia (see comments below), El Meti; MZUF No. 534.</p> <p>T YPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.133335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.9666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.133335/lat 4.9666667)">El Meti</a>, 04°58'N 37°08'E, 1♂ (holotype), 1939, leg. E. Zavattari, MZUF No. 534.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL MATERIAL EXAMINED. Ethiopia, Southern Nationalities and Peoples Region Federal State (SNNPR), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.51472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.9755554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.51472/lat 4.9755554)">Turmi</a>, 04°58'32"N 36°30'53"E, 908 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 16EA, Fig. 153), 17♂ 2juvs., 9.-11. IV. 2016, leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP; SNNPR, 20 km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.2425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.535/lat 5.2425)">Konzo</a>, 05°14'33"N 37°32'06"E, 839 m a.s.l. (Locality No. 16EF, Fig. 154), 14.-15. IV.2016, 29♂ 2♀ (ecdysis 3. VI.2016) 2juvs., leg. F. Kovařík, FKCP.</p> <p>ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION (BOTH SEXES). Total length of males 18.5– 25 mm, females 19–23.5 mm. Pedipalps stout, movable chela finger shorter than manus in both sexes (Figs 94 and 104). Manus of pedipalp chela and metasoma of male broader than in female (Figs. 9 3–95, 102–105 and 78–81). Sternites smooth (Fig. 122). Pectine teeth number 11–14 (5 x 11, 43 x 12, 36 x 13, 1 x 14) in males and 11–12 (1 x 11, 3 x 12) in females. Metasoma I with lateral carinae present only in females (Fig. 87), and weakly developed or indicated in males (Fig. 83). All metasomal segments with dorsal median trough and two lateral carinae composed of several large, non-contiguous, mutually distant granules whose size increases progressively with each consecutive segment.</p> <p>C HELICERA. (Figs. 125–128). Manus relatively slender, 1.5 times longer than wide, dorsal surface smooth, anterior area with scattered granules and 11 short and long, pale setae, anterior marginal and dorsointernal carinae absent. Dorsal surface of movable finger smooth, with 3 long and 3 short pale setae; dorsal surface of fixed finger with proximal dense brush of long setae with fluorescent bases. Ventral surfaces of manus, fixed and movable fingers bearing dense brush (scopula) of long setae with fluorescent bases (Fig. 128), arranged in distinct wedge-shaped field with V-shaped proximal border on manus. Fingers elongated, with reduced dentition (Figs. 125–126) departing markedly from typical buthid pattern (Vachon, 1963). Movable finger dorsal margin armed with 5 teeth: dorsal distal tine, subdistal, median, and 2 very small basal teeth not fused in bicusp; ventral margin unarmed except for ventral distal tine, which clearly exceeds dorsal distal tine in length. Fixed finger margin armed with 3 teeth: distal tine, subdistal, and basal, bicusp absent; all teeth sharp, conical, non- contiguous and well separated from each other. Ventral surface of both fixed and movable fingers unarmed.</p> <p>HEMISPERMATOPHORE (Figs. 129–133). Flagelliform, extremely long and slender, trunk ca. 18 times length of capsule region. Flagellum relatively short, unfolded length ca. 50% of trunk length, folded into pars recta and pars reflecta, cylindriform, gradually tapering, not distally dilated. Capsule region with 3 lobes at base of flagellum in 2+1 configuration (Kovařík et al., 2016c): median lobe (ml) narrow, tapering to sharp apex, with dark reddish-black well-sclerotized carina, well separated from base of flagellum; internal lobe (il) smaller, paler brown, deeply split from median lobe and even narrower, also finely tapered to a sharp point; basal lobe (bl) greatly enlarged, relatively broad, protruding vertically, sclerotized brown color, apically curled in forward (distal) direction, terminus blunt and rounded; margins of basal lobe stalk also curled forward forming concave scoop, with internal margin extending forward to connect with secondary sclerotized carina along internal margin of median lobe. The peculiar structure of the basal lobe is not an anomaly, as it was confirmed by examination of 10 hemispermatophores extracted from 5 males.</p> <p>SETATION. Metasomal segments with sparse, long, dark macrosetae and short, fluorescent microsetae. Telson with numerous long, dark macrosetae, sparse short, fluorescent microsetae, and numerous long, pale, fluorescent setae concentrated on posterior ventral surface of vesicle (Figs. 90–92). Pedipalp chela (Figs. 110–111) with uniformly distributed cover of short fluorescent microsetae over surfaces of manus and fingers. Short dark setae also present but sparse, mostly located on pedipalp fingers. Pectines (Fig. 112) with numerous longer, dark macrosetae mostly on marginal and basal middle lamellae. Numerous medium to short fluorescent setae on middle lamellae and most distal pectine tooth. Fulcra equipped with unusually dense array of ca. 15–30 fluorescent microsetae.</p> <p>A FFINITIES. The genus name was originally coined to suggest that Somalicharmus might have affinities with the Indian genus Charmus, and its relative Thaicharmus (Kovařík, 1998), which like Somalicharmus are small dark scorpions with robust metasoma and subpentagonal sternum. Fet et. al. (2005) grouped these three genera in the “ Charmus ” group based on dorsal position of femur trichobothrium d 2. However, in our samples we have observed d 2 to also be found internal to the dorsointernal carina, a sufficient criterion for placement in the “ Uroplectes ” group (Fet et. al., 2005). The telson of Somalicharmus differs from that of Charmus, but is similar to that of another small buthid in the “ Uroplectes ” group, Butheoloides, both being bulbous with a small, knob-like subaculear tubercle (but a similar tubercle occurs in Thaicharmus). However, Somalicharmus differs from Butheoloides in other characters (e.g. cheliceral finger dentition, placement of trichobothria db, dt and it on pedipalp fixed finger, form of pedipalps and metasoma). Also, unlike Somalicharmus, both Charmus and Butheoloides have a hemispermatophore median lobe that is fused to the base of the flagellum (Vachon, 1952; Kovařík et. al., 2016c). The absence of teeth on the ventral side of the cheliceral fixed finger of Somalicharmus is shared with other buthid genera Nanobuthus, Uroplectes and Karasbergia. The genus Nanobuthus needs revision, but if, as some authors have presumed, it is close to Neobuthus, then it would have femur trichobothria in the β -configuration and belong to the “ Buthus ” group (Fet et. al., 2005) which excludes Somalicharmus. On the other hand, Somalicharmus is similar to Uroplectes and Karasbergia in having femur trichobothria in α -configuration and femur d 2 displaced internally (= “ Uroplectes ” group), and a 2+1 layout of lobes of the hemispermatophore capsule, with the median lobe not fused to the base of the flagellum (Kovařík et. al., 2016; Lamoral, 1979). Uroplectes differs from Somalicharmus in its subtriangular sternum shape, trichobothrial pattern, pedipalp and metasomal structure. In Uroplectes, it is the basal tooth of the female pectine that is enlarged, not the basal middle lamella. Karasbergia shares several characters with Somalicharmus: both have a subpentagonal sternum, pedipalp fixed finger with trichobothrium it at a non-distal location (near mid-finger in Karasbergia) and db and dt in proximal positions, and metasoma I–III with ventrolateral carinae joined to form a U-shaped posterior marginal carina (Hewitt, 1913; Lamoral, 1979; Prendini 2004). Karasbergia differs in having 3 pairs of lateral eyes, pedipalp chela manus with trichobothrium V 2 internal to V 1, pedipalp fingers without external accessory granules, genital papillae absent in males, and chelicera with standard buthid pattern of carination and dentition (Lamoral, 1979; Vachon, 1963). The strongly dilated basal middle lamella of female pectines in Somalicharmus is an unusual condition also found in</p> <p>Figures 134–148: Somalicharmus whitmanae. Mitotic metaphases (134, 137, 140, 143, 146), postpachytenes (135, 138, 141, 144, 147), and ideograms (136, 139, 142, 145, 148) (y axis - % of the chromosome length of the diploid set, dark grey indicates chromosomes of multivalents) of males. Figures 134–136. Male from locality 16EA, 2n=20, 10II. Figures 137–139. Male from locality 16EA, 2n=20, 8II+CIV. Arrows indicate chromosomes of quadrivalent. Figures 140–142. Male from locality 16EF, 2n=16, 10II. Figures 143–145. Male from locality 16EF, 2n=20, 7II+CVI. Arrows indicate chromosomes of hexavalent and asterisk indicates extra large chromosome. Figures 146–148. Male from locality 16EF, 2n=21, 9II+CIII. Arrows indicate chromosomes of trivalent and arrowheads indicates extra small chromosome. Scale bar = 10 µm.</p> <p>Isometrus (fig. 558 in Kovařík et al., 2016c), Parabuthus (fig. 62 in Kovařík et al., 2016b), Tityopsis (fig. 49 in Teruel et Kovařík, 2012), and “ Tityus asthenes ” complex (fig. 14 in Kovařík et al., 2013b), but these taxa are not closely related and this is probably a convergent character.</p> <p>Unique traits of Somalicharmus not known in any other extant buthids include: (i) absence of dentition on ventral margin of the cheliceral movable finger; (ii) absence of bicuspid dentition on base of cheliceral fixed finger; (iii) cheliceral manus without anterior marginal or dorsointernal carinae; (iv) pedipalp chela with trichobothrium it located at base of fixed finger (as far as has been documented; many species descriptions failed to map the location of it); (v) hemispermatophore capsule with tall, vertical, scoop-like basal lobe which is as long as the median lobe.</p> <p>REMARKS ON THE KARYOTYPES (Figs. 134–148). Altogether we analyzed karyotypes of eight males of Somalicharmus whitmanae from the two localities 16EA and 16EF (Table 2). For chromosome preparations we used the “plate spreading” method already used for scorpions (e.g. Kovařík et al., 2009). The chromosomes were stained by 5% Giemsa solution in Sörensen phosphate buffer for 20 min. The relative length of the chromosomes of the diploid set was measured for each specimen using the software Image J 1.45r (http://rsbweb. nih.gov/ij) with the plugin Levan (Sakamoto &amp; Zacaro, 2009) based on 10 postpachytene.</p> <p>Seven males analyzed from both localities displayed 2n=20 (Figs. 134–145). We also detected fission of one chromosome in one male from locality 16EF (Fig. 147). This chromosomal aberration causes an increase in diploid number (2n=21) and the presence of a distinct small chromosome (Figs. 146–148). The chromosomes form bivalents during pachytene and postpachytene in the majority of males (Figs. 135 and 141). These chromosomes gradually decrease in length with the exception only of the last chromosome pair that is distinctively shorter than the previous one (Fig. 136, Table 2). This shorter pair of chromosomes is also evident in karyotypes of all other males with detected chromosomal rearrangements. In one male from 16EA, we observed a quadrivalent during postpachytene (Fig. 138). This is probably the result of reciprocal translocation between two chromosome pairs of larger length (Fig. 139). In one male from locality 16EF, we observed a hexavalent during postpachytene (Fig. 144), probably the result of several rearrangements. In the karyotype of this specimen, the rearrangements form one extra large chromosome (Figs 143–145). The karyotypes of S. whitmanae show holocentric chromosomes, achiasmatic meiosis in males, and a lower number of chromosomes. These are attributes typical for scorpions of the family Buthidae (e.g. Mattos et al., 2013).</p> <p>COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. The type locality has been confirmed to be in Ethiopia, thanks to Sarah Whitman who found that the label " Somalia: El Meti" is incorrect (Kovařík &amp; Whitman, 2005: 112). The male holotype was collected by the Missione Biologica Sagan-Omo led by Edoardo Zavattari, which in 1939 explored the Borana region from Dolo westwards to Lake Stephanie and the Omo River (Largen, 2001). According to Largen (2001), El Meti is located at 04°58'N 37°08'E, midway between localities 16EA and 16EF (Fig. 155).</p> <p>The first author visited locality 16EA (Fig. 153) on 9–11 April 2016 and collected 17 males and 2 juveniles by UV detection. Here, the maximum recorded daytime temperature was 33.8 ºC, and the nighttime temperature shortly after sunset was 27.1 ºC, dropping to 24.3 ºC (minimum temperature) before sunrise, and the humidity varied at night between 55% and 72%. The minimum daytime humidity was 40%. In addition to S. whitmanae, The first author also recorded at this locality Hottentotta trilineatus (Peters, 1862), Lychas obsti Kraepelin, 1913, Parabuthus pallidus Pocock, 1895, Uroplectes fischeri (Karsch, 1879), and Pandinurus exitialis (Pocock, 1888).</p> <p>The first author visited locality 16EF (Fig. 154) on 14–15 April 2016 and collected by UV detection 29 males, one gravid female which gave birth to 13 newborns on 9 July 2016 (Figs. 151–152, these newborns completed their first ecdysis on 17 July 2016), and 3 juveniles of which one completed final ecdysis to a sexually mature female on 3 June 2016. At this locality, the maximum recorded daytime temperature was 34.7 ºC, and the nighttime temperature was 27.4 ºC shortly after sunset, dropping to 21.7 ºC (minimum temperature) before sunrise, and the humidity varied between 55% and 65%. In addition to S. whitmanae the first author also recorded at this locality Hottentotta trilineatus, Lychas obsti, Parabuthus hamar Kovařík et al., 2016 (type locality), and P. pallidus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB2887ABFFEAE145EFADF936FB71A264	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kovařík, František;Lowe, Graeme;Šťáhlavský, František	Kovařík, František, Lowe, Graeme, Šťáhlavský, František (2016): Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part IX. Lanzatus, Orthochirus, and Somalicharmus (Buthidae), with description of Lanzatus somalilandus sp. n. and Orthochirus afar sp. n. Euscorpius 232: 1-38
