identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA63879FFF97A950FF3EDA7EA2A6FE7E.text	DA63879FFF97A950FF3EDA7EA2A6FE7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanophryniscus moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro 1920)	<div><p>Melanophryniscus moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920)</p><p>Atelopus moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920: 307 .</p><p>Complete synonymy is presented by Langone &amp; Lavilla (2024).</p><p>Types. Not originally designated in Miranda-Ribeiro (1920). Syntypes: MNRJ 500 (according to P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1953: 408), MZUSP 718 (according to Hoogmoed, 1985: 68), and an undefined number of specimens deposited in the MNRJ and MZUSP.</p><p>Lectotype. By present designation: MNRJ 0501 (Fig. 1 A–C), adult male, collected in the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.67917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.385555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.67917/lat -22.385555)">Retiro</a> (currently Abrigo Rebouças; 22 o 23’08” S, 44 o 40’45” W; 2,400 m a.s.l.), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.67917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.385555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.67917/lat -22.385555)">Parque Nacional do Itatiaia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.67917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.385555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.67917/lat -22.385555)">Municipality of Itatiaia</a>, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in June–July 1902, by Carlos Moreira.</p><p>Paralectotypes. By present designation. All specimens collected in the type locality: MNRJ 5542–5551, collected with the lectotype; MNRJ 0500, Retiro, without date, by Pedro Pinto Peixoto Velho; MNRJ 0502, 5552– 5553, Retiro, without date, by Bruno Lobo; MNRJ 0503, Retiro, July 1901, by Carlos Moreira; MZUSP 718, October 1906, by H. Luederwaldt; MCZ A-109537, 01 October 1906, by H. Luederwaldt (ex-MZUSP 30563) .</p><p>Justification of lectotype designation. The previously recognized type series of M. moreirae was composed by two specimens (MNRJ 500, P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1953; MZUSP 718, Hoogmoed, 1985). Through the analysis of the collections originally worked by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro, we found 18 specimens that fullfil the conditions to be treated as syntypes of the species. Hence, in order to better define the type series and to provide taxonomic stability of the species, a lectotype was designated and the paralectotypes were defined. The lectotype is the betterpreserved specimen and its locality, date of collection, and collector perfectly agree to the original description of the species (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920).</p><p>Description of the lectotype. Adult male; SVL 24.8 mm. General aspect robust, bufonoid (Fig. 1). Head broader than long; head width 33.9% of SVL; head lacking cranial crests; snout short, narrow, slightly projecting beyond the anterior margin of mouth, rounded in dorsal and lateral views; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region vertical, slightly concave; snout swelling absent; nostrils very small, situated at near tip of snout, directed anteriorly; IND 95.8% of UEW, 71.9% of IOD; END 82.6% of IND; UEW 75% of IOD; ED equal to IND, 95.8% of UEW, and 71.9% of IOD; tympanum concealed; vocal sac poorly developed; vocal slits present; tongue much longer than wide, with posterior margin free, rounded; choanae small, rounded, largely separated.</p><p>Arms slender, lacking ulnar folds; axillary membrane absent. Hand with fingers long, robust; length of fingers II&lt;I&lt;IV&lt;III; tip of fingers narrows, rounded, not differentiated as discs; fingers not fimbriated; webbing absent. Outer palmar tubercle moderately sized, rounded; inner palmar tubercle small, rounded, approximately a half of the outer tubercle; subarticular tubercles developed, rounded; few supernumerary tubercles present. Legs short, robust, lacking tarsal folds; THL smaller than TL, THL 81.5% of TL; sum of THL and TL 67.3% of SVL. Foot robust; TA 42.3% of FL. Toes slender; length of toes I&lt;II&lt;V&lt;III&lt;IV; tip of toes narrow, rounded, not differentiated as discs; toes not fimbriated, not webbed. Inner metatarsal tubercle large, prominent, ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle large, rounded, approximately equal in size to inner metatarsal tubercle; subarticular tubercles developed, subconical; supernumerary tubercles poorly developed. Skin on dorsal and lateral surfaces of body with large, rounded warts, with a small apical spine; ventral skin roughly granulose; ventral surface of arms and thighs granulose. Cloacal opening directed posteriorly at mid-level of thighs.</p><p>In preservative (70% ethanol), ground color of dorsum, loreal region, and flanks, dark brown; an indistinct, clear brown stripe on dorsum of head; two clear brown, elongated blotches on sides of body; ventral surfaces whitish; a brown blotch on anterior gular region and chest.</p><p>Measurements of the lectotype. SVL 24.8; HL 6.5; HW 8.4; IND 2.3; END 1.9; ED 2.3; UEW 2.4; IOD 3.2; THL 7.5; TL 9.2; FL 13.7; TA 5.8.</p><p>Type locality. Referred by Miranda-Ribeiro (1920) as “Itatiaya”. Corrected by Bokermann (1966: 14) to “Planalto do Itatiaia, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro ”. And complemented, “Judging by the report of Carlos Moreira, collector of the original specimens, these were obtained in the Itatiaia plateau about 2,400 meters of altitude” (freely translated from the Portuguese, “A julgar pelo relatório de Carlos Moreira, colecionador dos exemplares originais, estes foram obtidos no planalto do Itatiaia a cerca de 2.400 metros de altitude”).</p><p>Here defined and restricted to Abrigo Rebouças (22 o 23’08” S, 44 o 40’45” W; 2,400 m a.s.l.), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.67917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.385555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.67917/lat -22.385555)">Parque Nacional do Itatiaia</a>, Municipality of Itatiaia, State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil.</p><p>Geographical distribution. Known only from areas of high altitude (from 1,800 to 2,400 m a.s.l.) near temporary swamps in the Serra da Mantiqueira Mountain Range, on the borders of the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, in Southeastern Brazil (Table 1, Fig. 2).</p>22º25’44” S, 44º50’10” W2,570Marques et al. 2006<p>* Actually Itatiaia (RJ). ** Our calculation.</p><p>Remarks. The specific epithet, moreirae, is a Latin genitive of “ Moreira” honoring Carlos Moreira (1869– 1946), Brazilian zoologist and collector of the majority of the type series (Lavilla et al., 2023). We note that the formation of the name is correct (masculine genitive). Miranda-Ribeiro considered “Moreira” as a Latin name and validly applied the declination to “moreirae ” (see ICZN 1999, Article 31, Subheading 31.1.1 and Examples). Ahl (1938) described and illustrated the tadpole (as Dendrophryniscus moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro). Habitat, adult and larvae habits, eggs, tadpoles, and food described by Bokermann (1967). Habitat and habits were treated by Guix et al. (1998). The tadpole was extensively compared to other species of the genus by Baldo et al. (2014). The advertisement call was described by Forti et al. (2019). Dormancy and hibernacula used during cold season were described by Carvajalino-Fernández et al. (2013). Species distribution modeling to investigate the potential effects of climate change on the species was presented by Zank et al. (2014).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA63879FFF97A950FF3EDA7EA2A6FE7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caramaschi, Ulisses;Pombal Jr, José P.	Caramaschi, Ulisses, Pombal Jr, José P. (2025): The type specimens of Atelopus moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, with notes on the taxonomic status of Atelopus moreirae massarti Cochran, 1948 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Zootaxa 5588 (4): 581-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.4.5
DA63879FFF92A951FF3EDB7AA44AFC66.text	DA63879FFF92A951FF3EDB7AA44AFC66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Atelopus moreirae subsp. massarti Cochran 1948	<div><p>Notes on Atelopus moreirae massarti Cochran, 1948</p><p>Holotype. IRSNB I.G. 9308. Reg. 57 (A), by original designation; subsequently reported as IRSNB 1.061 by Lang (1990) (Photographs examined; Fig. 3 A–C). Collected by J. Massart in February 1922.</p><p>Paratypes. IRSNB I.G. 9308. Reg. 57 (B–G); subsequently reported by Lang (1990) as IRSNB 1.061 (4) and one specimen in the Field Museum, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Chicago, Illinois, USA (FMNH 75330). Cochran (1961) refers to two paratypes in the National Museum of Natural History, Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Washington, USA (USNM 124585–124586). All collected with the holotype .</p><p>Type locality. “Castanhal Grande near Obidos, Grâo Pará, Brazil ”.</p><p>Remarks. There are three labels with the types of Atelopus moreirae massarti (Fig. 3 D). The first of them, hand written, refers that D.M. Cochran examined the specimens in 1945 and called them Atelopus moreirae massarti, as “Type, 5 ind.” These informations antedate the original publication (Cochran, 1948). A second label, also hand written, refers to “ Phryniscus stelzneri moreirae (Miranda-Ribeiro) ”, “ 1 Type, 4 Paratypes ”, revised by B. Lutz in 1952. This evidence the opinion of B. Lutz that the subespecies proposed by Cochran (1948) was a synonym of that proposed by Miranda-Ribeiro (1920). A third label, posterior, typewritten, consolidates the above referred informations.</p><p>The type locality is controversial. Although explicitly referred as “Castanhal Grande near Obidos, Grâo Pará, Brazil ”, Bokermann (1967) disputed this information, arguing that the species was never obtained out of the Itatiaia mountains and the presence of a related taxon in latitude and altitude so different was very weird. Additionally, Bokermann (1967) reinforce that similar mistakes were found in the list of Witte, with species erroneously cited for the Itatiaia, including reptiles. However, Bokermann (1967) refrained to synonymize both taxa, arguing the necessity of re-examine the types to solve the question. Langone (2006) referred to other examples, as the provenience (“Itate, Bahia ”) of Hylodes brieni (currently Thoropa miliaris) described by Witte (1930) based on specimens obtained by the Mission Massart, as a possible mistake; actually, the species occurs in the State of Bahia (Feio et al., 2006). However, Langone (2006) was correct in to point that the reference of Witte (1930) to Pseudis limellum (currently Lysapsus limellum) as occurring in Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and in Alto da Serra Reserve, Cubatão, State of São Paulo, was in error, since the genus and species do not occur in those regions (Frost, 2024). Similarly, Witte (1930) refers to six specimens of Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus obtained in the “Etat de Grao Para ” (currently State of Pará, Brasil), where positively the species does not occur (Cruz et al., 2019). Members of the Mission Massart to Brazil between August 1922 and May 1923 effectively traveled in the State of Rio de Janeiro, including the Itatiaia region, and in the State of Pará (Marchal, 1929). By the way, the change of data or the mixture of field labels cannot be discharged and very probably occurred with Atelopus moreirae massarti .</p><p>Finally, Langone (2006) examined the paratypes of Atelopus moreirae massarti deposited in the USNM and compared with topotypes of Melanophryniscus moreirae, concluding that they are indistinguishable and proposing that the subspecies should not be considered valid, having to be integrated to the specific binomen M. moreirae . Based on the direct comparisons of the type series and topotypes more recently obtained of M. moreirae with the high-resolution photographs of the holotype of Atelopus moreirae massarti, reinforced by the authoritative opinion of B. Lutz (expressed in one label of the specimen; see above), we perfectly agree with this synonymization</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA63879FFF92A951FF3EDB7AA44AFC66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Caramaschi, Ulisses;Pombal Jr, José P.	Caramaschi, Ulisses, Pombal Jr, José P. (2025): The type specimens of Atelopus moreirae Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, with notes on the taxonomic status of Atelopus moreirae massarti Cochran, 1948 (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). Zootaxa 5588 (4): 581-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5588.4.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5588.4.5
