identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
DA7687D0313FFF8EFF60EEBFFA8A9972.text	DA7687D0313FFF8EFF60EEBFFA8A9972.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora Schiner 1868	<div><p>Genus Pygophora Schiner, 1868</p><p>Pygophora Schiner, 1868: 295 . Type species: Pygophora apicalis Schiner, 1868 (by original designation). See Couri &amp; Pont (2000) for complete list of synonyms.</p><p>Diagnostic characters of Japanese species.</p><p>Male. Head. Occiput black in ground color, with gray pruinosity; prementum dark or reddish brown. Vertex 1/ 5–1/4 of head width; parafacial very narrow in the middle, 1/25–1/17 of head width; gena narrow, 1/13–1/7 of head height; ocellar triangle small, not reaching lunule; 2 frontal setae; 2 reclinate orbital setae; fronto-orbital plate without any supplemental setula; 1–2 supravibrissal setae; 1 vibrissa; 1–3 subvibrissal setulae; 1–2 genal setae; compound eye bare. First aristomere as long as wide; 2nd aristomere longer than wide; 3rd aristomere thickened on basal 1/5; arista plumose only on basal half.</p><p>Thorax. Two proepisternal setae, anterior one shorter than posterior; 2–3 proepimeral setae; 2–3 postpronotal setae; acrostichal seta fine; 1–2 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 1 presutural and 1–3 postsutural intra-alar setae; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supra-alar setae; 2 postalar setae; 2 notopleural setae; 4–6 anepisternal setae; 3 katepisternal setae, forming equilateral triangle; anepimeron, katepimeron, meron, katatergite, and anatergite bare; apical scutellar seta as long as basal one; prosternum bare.</p><p>Wing. Tegula, basicosta, and all veins brown; upper and lower calypters white; halter creamy. Vein M not bending anteriorly at apical part; distance of M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu shorter than distance between crossvein dm-cu and wing margin; crossvein dm-cu nearly straight, longer than ultimate section of vein CuA1.</p><p>Legs. All tibiae, tarsi, and pulvilli creamy yellow; all claws brown. Fore tibia with 1 posterior, 2 preapical dorsal, and 3 apical ventral setae; mid femur with 2 preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal, 2 preapical dorsal, and 3 apical ventral setae; hind tibia with 2 preapical dorsal and 3 apical ventral setae; pulvillus rectangular in shape.</p><p>Abdomen. Tergites 3–5 with several discal and marginal setae.</p><p>Male terminalia. Tergite 6 greatly reduced or very slender; syntergosternite 7+8 small with several setae; sternite 6 slender and symmetric; epandrium semicircular and notched laterally with many setae; surstylus and cerci fused with epandrium; hypandrial arms fused and broad; pregonite small and round apically; phallus curved dorsally at middle; distiphallus broad and orbicular with large membranous areas laterally, apical part hook-like.</p><p>Female. Similar to male in general appearance, differing from male by the body color, length of 1 st flagellomere, shape of hind leg, shape of segment 5 of abdomen, and chaetotaxy.</p><p>Female terminalia. Tergite 6, sternites 7 and 8 strongly reduced with some setulae; sternite 6 broad with setae; hemitergite 7 small and bare; hemitergite 8 narrow with some setulae at posterior margin.</p><p>Remarks. Shinonaga (2003) recorded Pygophora trimaculata Karl, 1935 from Iriomotejima Is. We examined the specimens of P. trimaculata identified by Dr. Shinonaga, which are deposited in EUM. However, they are identified as P. longicornis and therefore the record of P. trimaculata from Japan is incorrect.</p><p>Within this genus, there are few differences between the females. In particular, the abdominal characters (terminalia) are very similar as mentioned in the redescriptions below. Therefore, it is very difficult to distinguish closely related species such as P. boninensis and P. macularis by the female morphological characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D0313FFF8EFF60EEBFFA8A9972	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D0313FFF8DFF60E8FAFA019EAD.text	DA7687D0313FFF8DFF60E8FAFA019EAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora Schiner 1868	<div><p>Key to Japanese species of the genus Pygophora (excluding P. trimaculata Karl)</p><p>1. Frontal vitta black; male cerci nearly trapezoidal in dorsal view (Fig. 10d)......................... .. P. unicolor (Stein)</p><p>- Frontal vitta yellowish white or creamy yellow; male cerci not trapezoidal in dorsal view............................. 2</p><p>2. Mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta.........................................................................3</p><p>- Mid tibia without anterodorsal seta........................................................................4</p><p>3. Male hind tibia with apical lobe, in female first flagellomere brownish yellow apically................... P. confusa Stein</p><p>- Male hind tibia without apical lobe, in female first flagellomere creamy yellow apically............ P. immaculipennis Frey</p><p>4. Hind tibia with 5–7 anterodorsal and 4–6 posterodorsal setae................................... P. longicornis (Stein)</p><p>- Hind tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal and 2–3 posterodorsal setae................................................... 5</p><p>5. Male wing with a brown spot on the tip of R2+3 (Fig. 1c); female femora entirely creamy............................. 6</p><p>- Male wing without brown spot on the tip of R2+3; female femora black on basal 3/4–4/5.............................. 8</p><p>6. Male hind tibia with 3–4 posteroventral setae............................................... P. maculipennis Stein</p><p>- Male hind tibia with 1 posteroventral seta..................................................................7</p><p>7. Male terminalia with surstylus slender at middle in dorsal view; postgonite broad at middle in lateral view (Figs. 2b, d).......................................................................................... P. boninensis Snyder</p><p>- Male terminalia with surstylus broad at middle in dorsal view; postgonite slender at middle in lateral view (Figs. 7b, d)..................................................................................... P. macularis (Wiedemann)</p><p>8. Male abdominal tergite 5 with leaf-like setae (Fig. 1f); body size not reaching 5.0 mm............... P. lepidofera (Stein)</p><p>- Male abdominal tergite 5 without leaf-like seta; body size 5.0 mm or more...................... P. respondens (Walker)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D0313FFF8DFF60E8FAFA019EAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D0313CFF8AFF60EF88FB899D2F.text	DA7687D0313CFF8AFF60EF88FB899D2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora boninensis Snyder 1965	<div><p>Pygophora boninensis Snyder, 1965</p><p>(Figs. 1a–e, 2a–d, 11a, 12)</p><p>Pygophora boninensis Snyder, 1965: 230 . Holotype male (United States National Museum, Washington, United States America). Type locality: Omura, Chichijima Is., Japan.</p><p>Type material examined. Paratypes: JAPAN: 3 males and 1 female (BPBM), Camp beach, Omura, Chichijima Is., Ogasawara Iss., Tokyo., 5. V.–9. VI. 1958, F. M. Snyder; 1 male (BPBM), Okumura, Yankee town, Chichijima Is., Ogasawara Iss., Tokyo, 8–15. IV. 1958, F. M. Snyder ; 1 female (BPBM), same locality and collector to the preceding data, 12. V.–9. VI. 1958 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. First flagellomere 3.8–4.0 times as long as pedicel; wing with brown spot on tip of R2+3; hind tibia with 1 posteroventral seta, short and slender apical lobe; abdominal sternite 5 slender and bifurcated posteriorly, with membranous area at middle, short projections at inside and many short setae on posterior 2/ 5 in ventral view; surstylus broad, round apically in lateral view, slender with many setae in dorsal view.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Head. Fronto-orbital plate, frontal vitta, face, parafacial yellowish white; gena and occiput gray. Antenna creamy yellow except 3rd aristomere brown; palpus and labella creamy; prementum dark or reddish brown. Vertex approximately 1/4 of head width; frons above lunule approximately 1/3 of head width; parafacial very narrow in the middle, approximately 1/21 of head width; gena narrow, approximately 1/11 of head height; ocellar triangle small, not reaching lunule; 2 frontal setae; 2 reclinate orbital setae; fronto-orbital plate without any supplemental setula; 2 supravibrissal setae; 1 vibrissa; 1–2 subvibrissal setulae; 1 genal seta; compound eye bare. First flagellomere 3.8–4.0 times as long as pedicel; 1 st aristomere as long as wide; 2nd aristomere longer than wide; 3rd aristomere thickened on basal 1/5; arista plumose only on basal half.</p><p>Thorax. Scutum, postpronotum, scutellum, and pleura black in ground color, with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles creamy. Two proepisternal setae, anterior one shorter than posterior one; 2–3 proepimeral setae; 2 postpronotal setae; acrostichal seta fine; 1 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 1 presutural and 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supra-alar setae; 2 postalar setae; 2 notopleural setae; 5–6 anepisternal setae; 3 katepisternal setae, forming equilateral triangle; anepimeron, katepimeron, meron, katatergite, and anatergite bare; apical scutellar seta as long as basal one; prosternum bare.</p><p>Wing. Brownish hyaline with brown spot on tip of R2+3; tegula, basicosta, and all veins brown; upper and lower calypters white; halter creamy. Vein M not bending anteriorly at apical part; distance of M between crossveins r-m and dm-cu shorter than distance between crossvein dm-cu and wing margin; crossvein dm-cu nearly straight, longer than ultimate section of vein CuA1.</p><p>Legs. Fore coxa, all trochanters, femora, tibiae, tarsi, and pulvilli creamy yellow; mid and hind coxae gray in basal part, creamy yellow apically; all claws brown. Fore tibia with 2–4 anterodorsal, 1 posterior, 2 preapical dorsal, and 3 apical ventral setae; mid femur with 2 preapical posterior setae; mid tibia with 2 posterodorsal, 2 preapical dorsal, and 3 apical ventral setae; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 1 anteroventral, 2 posterodorsal, 1 posteroventral, 2 preapical dorsal, 3 apical ventral setae, short and slender apical lobe; pulvillus rectangular in shape.</p><p>Abdomen. Creamy yellow in ground color with gray pruinosity at middle; tergite 4 with three black spots. Tergites 3 and 4 with several discal and marginal setae; tergite 5 with several discal, marginal setae, and dorsal keel; sternite 5 slender and bifurcated posteriorly, with membranous area at middle, short projections at inside and many short setae on posterior 2/ 5 in ventral view.</p><p>Male terminalia. Tergite 6 very slender; syntergosternite 7+8 small with several setae; sternite 6 slender and symmetric; epandrium nearly semicircular and notched laterally with many setae; surstylus fused with epandrium, broad, round apically in lateral view, slender with many setae in dorsal view; cerci fused with epandrium, bifurcated apically with several setae in dorsal view; hypandrium broad and nearly semicircular; pregonite very small and round apically; postgonite broad and curved dorsally at middle, hook-like apically; phallus curved dorsally, broad, and hook-like with large membranous areas laterally at apical part.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere shorter than in male, 2.5–2.7 times as long as pedicel; wing hyaline without brown spot; hind tibia without posteroventral seta and apical lobe; abdominal tergite 3 with three black spots; abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel.</p><p>Female terminalia. Tergite 6, sternites 7 and 8 strongly reduced with some setulae; sternite 6 broad with setae; hemitergite 7 small and bare; hemitergite 8 narrow with some setulae on posterior margin.</p><p>Body length. 6.1–7.0 mm.</p><p>Additional material examined. OGASAWARA ISLANDS: 4 males and 1 female (EUM), Mt. Mikazuki, Chichijima Is., 25–26. V. 1973; 1 female (EUM), Kita-fukurozawa, Chichijima Is., 26. V. 1973; 1 male and 1 female (EUM), Camp beach, Omura, Chichijima Is., 5. V.–9. VI. 1958.</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Ogasawara Iss.: Chichijima Is.).</p><p>Bionomics. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Pygophora macularis (Wiedemann) and P. maculipennis Stein, but it is distinguished from them by having 1 posteroventral seta on hind tibia and slender surstylus in dorsal view in male. However, females of P. boninensis are not able to identify without locality data.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D0313CFF8AFF60EF88FB899D2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D0313BFF8AFF60EC0EFBE99917.text	DA7687D0313BFF8AFF60EC0EFBE99917.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora confusa Stein 1915	<div><p>Pygophora confusa Stein, 1915</p><p>(Figs. 3a–d, 12)</p><p>Pygophora confusa Stein, 1915: 54 . Lectotype male (Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany), by designation of Crosskey (1962: 54). Type locality: Tainan, Taiwan.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: frontal vitta creamy yellow; first flagellomere 2.3–2.7 times as long as pedicel; wing brownish hyaline without brown spot; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta; abdominal tergite 5 with three black spots; abdominal sternite 5 without short projection at inside; cerci not bifurcated apically; postgonite slender at middle; phallus nearly straight apically. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere brownish yellow apically; hind tibia without posteroventral seta and apical lobe; abdominal tergite 3 with three black spots; abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis .</p><p>Body length. 5.0–6.0 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 1 male (EUM), Mishimachi, Noichi city, Kôchi pref., 6. VII. 2002 ; 1 male (BLKU), Mitoma, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka pref., 26. X. 1995 ; 1 male and 5 females (BLKU), Motooka, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka pref., 4. VI. 2011 ; 1 female (BLKU), same locality to the preceding data, 23. IX. 2011; 1 female (BLKU), Mt. Koushidake, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka pref., 31. V. 2011 ; 5 males (NIAES), Kasari, Amami city, Amami-Ôshima Is., Kagoshima pref., 27. XI. 1963 ; 1 male (BLKU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.10722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.552776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.10722/lat 26.552776)">Kayo</a>, Nago city, Okinawa pref. [N 26°33’10” / E 128°6’26”], 27. VI. 2013 ; 8 males and 2 females (BLKU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.421944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16389/lat 24.421944)">Siramizu</a>, Ishigaki city, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°25’19” / E 124°9’50”], 22–30. V. 2012 ; 3 males (BLKU), same locality to the preceding data, 11. VI. 2014; 1 male (NIAES), Sonai, Taketomi town, Iriomotejima Is., Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa pref., 6. I. 1953 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Ryukyu), China, Taiwan, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan.</p><p>Bionomics. This species was found and collected by the first author in a grassland and rice paddy field.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Pygophora immaculipennis Frey, but it is distinguished from the latter by having a lobe of the hind tibia in male and brownish yellow first flagellomere in female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D0313BFF8AFF60EC0EFBE99917	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D0313BFF87FF60E816FB879FE2.text	DA7687D0313BFF87FF60E816FB879FE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora immaculipennis Frey 1917	<div><p>Pygophora immaculipennis Frey, 1917</p><p>(Figs. 4a–d, 12)</p><p>Pygophora immaculipennis Frey, 1917: 15 . Lectotype male (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland), by designation of Crosskey (1962: 434). Type locality: Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: first flagellomere approximately 2.8 times as long as pedicel; wing brownish hyaline without brown spot; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta; hind tibia without apical lobe; abdominal tergite 3 with a black spot at middle; abdominal tergite 5 with three black spots; abdominal sternite 5 without short projection at inside; cerci not bifurcated apically; postgonite slender at middle; phallus nearly straight apically. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere 2.1–2.3 times as long as pedicel; hind tibia without posteroventral seta; abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis .</p><p>Body length. 4.6–6.2 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 1 female (BLKU), Henaji, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.894165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.655556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.894165/lat 26.655556)">Motobu town</a>, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa pref. [N 26°39’20” / E 127°53’39”], 24. VI. 2013 ; 2 males and 4 females (BLKU), Kayo, Nago city, Okinawa pref. [N 26°33’10” / E 128°6’26”], 22–23, 27. VI. 2013; 1 male and 5 females (BLKU), Genka, Nago city, Okinawa pref. [N 26°37’45” / E 128°3’41”], 26. VI. 2013; 10 females (BLKU), Shiramizu, Ishigaki-jima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°25’19” / E 124°9’50”], 22–23, 30. V. 2012; 2 males (BLKU), Ôtomi, Iriomote-jima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°17’37” / E 123°52’58”], 25. V. 2012; 1 female (BLKU), Urauchi, Iriomote-jima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°24’10” / E 123°46’42”], 27. V. 2012 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Ryukyu), China, Taiwan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Iran.</p><p>Bionomics. This species was found and collected by the first author in a grassland and rice paddy field.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to Pygophora confusa, but it is distinguished from the latter by having a hind tibia without apical lobe in male and creamy yellow first flagellomere in female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D0313BFF87FF60E816FB879FE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03136FF87FF60EF45FD829B8F.text	DA7687D03136FF87FF60EF45FD829B8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora lepidofera (Stein 1915)	<div><p>Pygophora lepidofera (Stein, 1915)</p><p>(Figs. 1f, 5a–d, 12)</p><p>Coenosia lepidofera Stein, 1915: 50 . Lectotype male (Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany), by designation of Crosskey (1962: 457). Type locality: Paroe, North Paiwan District, Taiwan.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: first flagellomere 2.1–2.3 times as long as pedicel; wing brownish hyaline without brown spot; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterodorsal, 4–5 posteroventral setae and without apical lobe; abdominal tergite 5 with leaf-like setae; abdominal sternite 5 nearly rectangular, bifurcated apically, apical part curved inward in ventral view; surstylus broad apically in lateral view, bifurcated at middle with many short setae apically in dorsal view; cerci long and broad with several setae apically in dorsal view; postgonite broad on apical 2/5 and apical part notched at middle; phallus broad and orbicular on apical 2/3 with large membranous areas laterally. Female. Differing from male as follows: all femora black in basal 3/4; hind tibia without posteroventral seta. Abdominal tergite 3 with three black spots; abdominal tergite 5 without leaf-like seta and dorsal keel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis .</p><p>Body length. 3.3–4.0 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 1 male (BLKU), Gusuku, Sumiyo town, Amami city, Kagoshima pref., 1. VII. 2013 ; 1 male (BLKU), Kayo, Nago city, Okinawa pref., 23. VI. 2013 ; 1 male (BLKU), Sedake, Nago city, Okinawa pref., 26. VI. 2013 ; 5 males and 4 females (BLKU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.421944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16389/lat 24.421944)">Siramizu</a>, Ishigaki city, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°25’19” / E 124°9’50”], 22–31. V. 2012 ; 1 male (BLKU), Aira river, Taketomi town, Yaeyama-gun, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa pref., 21. VI. 2011 ; 1 female (BLKU), Urauchi, Taketomi town, Yaeyama-gun, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa pref., 22. VI. 2011 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Kyushu, Ryukyu), China, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia.</p><p>Bionomics. This species was found and collected by the first author in a grassland.</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguishable from other Japanese species by having leaf-like setae on the male abdominal tergite 5 (Fig. 1f).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03136FF87FF60EF45FD829B8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03136FF84FF60EB6EFDB79E2B.text	DA7687D03136FF84FF60EB6EFDB79E2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora longicornis (Stein 1918)	<div><p>Pygophora longicornis (Stein, 1918)</p><p>(Figs. 6a–d, 11b, 12)</p><p>Coenosia longicornis Stein, 1918: 161 . Holotype male (Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Müncheberg, Germany). Type locality: Tapani, Taiwan.</p><p>Pygophora simplex Hennig, 1952: 58 .</p><p>Pygophora trimaculata Karl, 1935 (misidentification): Shinonaga, 2003: 290.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: first flagellomere 5.0–5.3 times as long as pedicel; wing brownish hyaline without brown spot; fore tibia with 3–4 anterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 5–7 anterodorsal, 4–6 posterodorsal setae and without posteroventral seta; abdominal tergites 3 and 5 with three black spots; abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel; abdominal sternite 5 long, concave at middle with several setae apically in ventral view; surstylus long, slightly curved ventrally with several setae in lateral view, nearly straight with strong setae apically in dorsal view; cerci broad basally and slender with many setae apically in dorsal view; postgonite slender and slightly curved dorsally at apical 2/5, apical part round; distiphallus broad and nearly triangular with large membranous areas laterally. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere shorter than male, 2.3–2.5 times as long as pedicel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis except by hemitergite 8 short.</p><p>Body length. 4.3–5.2 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 2 females (BLKU), Onoaida, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.55833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.244167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.55833/lat 30.244167)">Yakushima town</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.55833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.244167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.55833/lat 30.244167)">Yakushima Is.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.55833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.244167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.55833/lat 30.244167)">Kumage-gun</a>, Kagoshima pref. [N 30°14’39” / E 130°33’30”], 7–9. III. 2013 ; 2 males (BLKU), Gusuku, Sumiyo town, Amami city, Kagoshima pref., 3–4. VII. 2013 ; 1 male (BLKU), Gogayama, Imakiri Vil., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.961105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.65639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.961105/lat 26.65639)">Kunigami-gun</a>, Okinawa pref. [N 26°39’23” / E 127°57’40”], 21. VI. 2013 ; 1 male (BLKU), Hama, Kunigami Vil., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.18167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.708889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.18167/lat 26.708889)">Kunigami-gun</a>, Okinawa pref. [N 26°42’32” / E 128°10’54”], 22. VI. 2013 ; 1 male (EUM), Ohara, Taketomi town, Iriomotejima Is., Yaeyama-gun, 15–16. XI. 1963 ; 2 males (BLKU), Urauchi river, Taketomi town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.78223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.404167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.78223/lat 24.404167)">Iriomotejima Is.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.78223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.404167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.78223/lat 24.404167)">Yaeyama-gun</a>, Okinawa pref. [N 24°24’15” / E 123°46’56”], 22. VI. 2011 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Kyushu, Ryukyu), Taiwan, Malaysia.</p><p>Bionomics. This species was found and collected by the first author in a forest. Remarks. This species is distinguishable from other species by having 5–7 anterodorsal and 4–6 posterodorsal setae on the hind tibia in both sexes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03136FF84FF60EB6EFDB79E2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03135FF84FF60EF07FC319A23.text	DA7687D03135FF84FF60EF07FC319A23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora macularis (Wiedemann 1830)	<div><p>Pygophora macularis (Wiedemann, 1830)</p><p>(Figs. 7a–d, 12)</p><p>Coenosia macularis Wiedemann, 1830: 438 . Holotype female ( Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark). Type locality: E. Indies.</p><p>Diplogaster nigricauda Bigot, 1886: 14 .</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: abdominal sternite 5 broad posteriorly in ventral view; surstylus broad and nearly straight in dorsal view; phallus nearly straight apically. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere shorter than in male, approximately 2.8 times as long as pedicel; wing without brown spot; hind tibia without posteroventral seta and apical lobe; abdominal tergite 3 with three black spots; abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis .</p><p>Body length. 5.5–7.0 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 1 male (BLKU), Mt. Hôkyô, Tsukuba city, Ibaraki pref., 6. VIII. 2013 ; 1 male (EUM), Yorii town, Ôsato-gun, Saitama pref., 24. VI–2. VII. 2007 ; 1 male (BLKU), Tatsugaya, Ogose town, Iruma-gun, Saitama pref., 11. II. 2012 ; 1 male (EUM), Imperial Palace, Tokyo, 14. III. 2002 ; 1 female (BLKU), Mt. Futagoyama, Zushi city, Kanagawa pref., 19. X. 2008 ; 1 male (BLKU), Kashihara, Fukuoka city, Fukuoka pref., 6. IV. 1996 ; 1 female (BLKU), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.55833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.244167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.55833/lat 30.244167)">Onoaida</a>, Yakushima town, Yakushima Is., Kumage-gun, Kagoshima pref. [N 30°14’39” / E 130°33’30”], 9. III. 2013 ; 3 males and 3 females (BLKU), Gusuku, Sumiyo town, Amami city, Kagoshima pref., 1, 3, 5. VII. 2013 . THAILAND: 2 females (EUM), Khao Yai 30 Km, S. of Pak Chong, 25–26. XII. 1975 . INDONESIA: 1 male (EUM), Noongan 50 Km S. of Menado, 2–10. XII. 1973 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand.</p><p>Bionomics. This was found and collected by the first author in a forest.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Pygophora boninensis and P. maculipennis Stein, and it is distinguished from them only by the following male morphological characters: hind tibia with 1 posteroventral seta, and surstylus broad in dorsal view. This is the first record of the species from Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03135FF84FF60EF07FC319A23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03135FF84FF60EB3FFC8098DA.text	DA7687D03135FF84FF60EB3FFC8098DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora maculipennis Stein 1909	<div><p>Pygophora maculipennis Stein, 1909</p><p>(Figs. 8a–d, 12)</p><p>Pygophora maculipennis Stein, 1909: 271 . Lectotype male (Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands), by designation of Crosskey (1962: 428). Type locality: Krakatau Islands, Indonesia.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: vertex approximately 1/5 of head width; hind tibia with 3–4 posteroventral setae; abdominal sternite 5 broad posteriorly in ventral view; surstylus broad and nearly straight in dorsal view; cerci round apically in dorsal view.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Body length. 5.3–5.7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 1 male (NIAES), Kabira, Ishigaki city, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa pref., 12. II. 1953 ; 1 male (NIAES), Sonai, Taketomi town, Iriomotejima Is., Yaeyama-gun, Okinawa pref., 29. XII. 1952 ; 1 male (EUM), Ôhara, Taketomi town, Yaeyama-gun, Iriomotejima Is., Okinawa pref., 2. V. 1990 . THAILAND: 3 males (EUM), Khao Yai 30 Km, S. of Pak Chong, 24–26. XII. 1975 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Ryukyu), China, Taiwan, India, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand.</p><p>Bionomics. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Pygophora boninensis and P. macularis, but it is distinguished from them by having 3–4 posteroventral setae on the hind tibia in male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03135FF84FF60EB3FFC8098DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03130FF80FF60EEF5FEEE9DD8.text	DA7687D03130FF80FF60EEF5FEEE9DD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora respondens (Walker 1859)	<div><p>Pygophora respondens (Walker, 1859)</p><p>(Figs. 9a–d, 12)</p><p>Coenosia respondens Walker, 1859: 142 . Holotype female (British Museum, London, England). Type locality: Sulawesi, Makasar, Indonesia.</p><p>Coenosia (Pygophora) lobata Stein, 1900: 147 .</p><p>Pygophora semilutea Malloch, 1921: 422 .</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: wing brownish hyaline without brown spot; fore tibia without anterodorsal seta; hind tibia with 3 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae; sternite 5 without short projection at inside in ventral view; surstylus slender, projected dorsally in basal part, broad with some short setae on apical half in lateral view; cerci very slender apically in dorsal view; phallus nearly straight apically. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere approximately 3.0 times as long as pedicel; all femora black in basal 4/5; fore tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae; hind tibia without posteroventral seta and lobe apically; abdominal tergite 3 with three black spots; tergite 5 without dorsal keel. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis .</p><p>Body length. 5.0– 5.7 mm.</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.16389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.421944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.16389/lat 24.421944)">Material</a> examined. JAPAN: 1 female (BLKU), Siramizu, Ishigaki city, Ishigakijima Is., Okinawa pref. [N 24°25’19” / E 124°9’50”], 22. V. 2012 ; 1 female (BLKU), Aira river, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.91334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.338057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.91334/lat 24.338057)">Taketomi town</a>, Iriomotejima Is., Yaeyamagun, Okinawa pref. [N 24°20’17” / E 123°54’48”], 23. VI. 2011 . INDONESIA: 1 male (BLKU), Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, 18. XI. 2007; 1 male (BLKU), Botanical garden, Bogor, Java, 24. XI. 2007 .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Ryukyu), China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan.</p><p>Bionomics. Unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles Pygophora confusa and P. torrida (Wiedemann), but it is distinguished from them by having apical lobe on the hind tibia in male, and black femora in female. This is the first record of the species from Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03130FF80FF60EEF5FEEE9DD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
DA7687D03131FF80FF60ED26FD909853.text	DA7687D03131FF80FF60ED26FD909853.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygophora unicolor (Stein 1920)	<div><p>Pygophora unicolor (Stein, 1920)</p><p>(Figs. 10a–d, 12)</p><p>Coenosia unicolor Stein, 1920: 64 . Holotype female ( Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Type locality: Java, Indonesia.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Differing from P. boninensis as follows: Head. Fronto-orbital plate blackish brown; face and parafacial silvery gray; gena brown; frontal vitta black. Antenna blackish yellow except 3rd aristomere brown; palpus and labella blackish yellow. Vertex approximately 1/5 of head width; first flagellomere 4.5–5.0 times as long as pedicel. Thorax. Scutum, postpronotum, scutellum, and pleura black in ground color, with blackish gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles blackish yellow. Wing. Upper and lower calypters dark yellow. Legs. All coxae blackish gray; all trochanters dark yellow; all femora black on basal 1/2 to 3/4 and creamy yellow apically. Fore tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal setae; mid tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae. Abdomen. Yellow in ground color with black pruinosity. Abdominal tergite 5 without dorsal keel; sternite 5 broad, bifurcated posteriorly with several setae at middle and apical part in ventral view. Male terminalia. Surstylus slender and hook-like apically with many setae in lateral view, broad and nearly triangular in dorsal view; cerci broad and nearly rectangular with many setae in dorsal view; postgonite slender and curved dorsally at middle; phallus curved dorsally at middle, hook-like apically with large membranous areas laterally. Female. Differing from male as follows: first flagellomere 2.7–3.0 times as long as pedicel; upper and lower calypters brownish yellow; hind tibia with 1 anteroventral seta. Female terminalia. Very similar to P. boninensis . Body length. 4.0– 5.7 mm.</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN: 2 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.55833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.244167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.55833/lat 30.244167)">Onoaida</a>, Yakushima town, Yakushima Is., Kumage-gun, Kagoshima pref. [N 30°14’39” / E 130°33’30”], 7–9. III. 2013 (BLKU) ; 4 males and 3 females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.4586&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.297222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.4586/lat 28.297222)">Gusuku</a>, Sumiyo town, Amami city, Kagoshima pref. [N 28°17’50” / E 129°27’31”], 1–5. VII. 2013 (BLKU) ; 2 males and 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.557222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.05/lat 26.557222)">Sedake</a>, Nago city, Okinawa pref. [N 26°33’26” / E 128°3’83”], 24–27. VI. 2013 (BLKU) ; 1 female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.18167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.708889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.18167/lat 26.708889)">Hama</a>, Kunigami Vil., Kunigami-gun, Okinawa pref. [N 26°42’32” / E 128°10’54”], 22. VI. 2013 (BLKU) .</p><p>Distribution. Japan (Kyushu, Ryukyu), Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia.</p><p>Bionomics. This species was found and collected by the first author in a forest.</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguishable from other species by having black body color. This is the first record of the species from Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA7687D03131FF80FF60ED26FD909853	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Yoshizawa, Satoshi;Tachi, Takuji	Yoshizawa, Satoshi, Tachi, Takuji (2018): Taxonomic review of the genus Pygophora Schiner of Japan (Diptera: Muscidae). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 449-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.3
