identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0FDAF639230F599084E9C0378439D9E3.text	0FDAF639230F599084E9C0378439D9E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eublepharis hardwickii Gray 1827	<div><p>Eublepharis hardwickii Gray, 1827</p><p>Figs 2, 6</p><p>Eublepharis hardwickii Günther 1864: 119 (in part); Boulenger 1885: 231 (in part); Boulenger 1890: 107 (in part); Smith 1935: 126 (in part); Grismer 1988:465; Mirza et al. 2014: 90</p><p>Gymnodactylus lunatus Blyth, 1847 nomen nudum</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Adult male NHMUK 1946.8.26.67 from Chittagong (The specimen is regarded as a holotype by the virtue of monotypy and recommendations of the code Article 73 and provision 73.1.2.) (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 1999).</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>male BNHS 855, Barajamda, Singbhum, Jharkhand, India; juvenile NHMUK 1927.8.9.1 Dhalbhum, Chota Nagpur, India.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A medium sized Eublepharis reaching SVL of 140 mm, with 24 rows of flat, tubercle-like moderately keeled scales across the dorsum intermixed with much smaller scales, a single pale band between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction; smooth subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes 17; 16 precloacal pores in an angulate series lacking a diastema.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Major-General Thomas Hardwicke (1756-1835) of the Bengal army of the East India Company.</p><p>Description of holotype NHMUK 1946.8.26.6.</p><p>(Fig. 2): the type is in good condition of preservation, it is preserved in a linear ‘S’ shaped manner. The anterior interocular region bears a deep grove, which may be an artifact of preservation or an injury.</p><p>A large sized gecko (SVL 140 mm) with a fairly large head (HL/SVL ratio 0.14), head as long as wide (HW/HL ratio 0.99), head depressed (HH/HL ratio 0.58), distinct from neck (Fig. 2a, b); canthus rostralis inflated; snout short (SE/HW ratio 0.48), obtusely pointed from dorsal view and acutely in lateral view (Fig. 2c); longer than eye diameter (OD/SE ratio 0.51); scales on the snout heterogenous in shape and size, smaller ones with rounded edges and larger ones sub-hexagonal, convex; size of the scales increases in size towards the temporal region and are more flat intermixed with small rounded smooth scales. The scales post the temporal region are large, tubercle-like and sub-conical. These scales cover the dorsum of the animal, the hind limbs up-until the caudal constriction; eyes large (OD/HL ratio 0.25), pupil vertical with crenulated edges; supraciliaries 22, anterior ones smaller, these gradually increase in size and turn sub-conical from rounded towards the posterior portion; ear-opening large, sub-oval, obliquely oriented, smaller than orbital diameter (EL/OD ratio 0.77) lobules absent; eye to ear distance much greater than diameter of eye (EE/OD ratio 1.99); rostral quadrangle, much wider than deep, divided by a median suture for its entire length; rostral in contact with nasal, first supralabial and internasals; two large and a slightly smaller internasal between nasals, nostrils large situated medially in the nasal scale; mental sub-quadrangular, wider than long; (Fig. 4b); scales bordering the mental and infralabials large, gradually these reduce in size on throat up till the upper thoracic region, overall these scales are circular, convex, smaller than the ones ventral aspect of trunk; supralabials eleven on left and nine on right side; supralabials (to angle of jaw) twelve on either side; infralabials (to angle of jaw) nine on either sides.</p><p>Body elongate (TRL/SVL ratio 0.33) and dorsoventrally flattened; lacking distinct ventrolateral furrow; dorsal scalation on trunk comprises of large sub-conical scales intermixed with small, round-edged flat scales, the large sub-conical scales are fairly arranged in 24 longitudinal rows at mid-body; ventral scales on trunk smooth, flat, smaller than dorsal scales; mid body scales across belly 26; a continuous series of 16 precloacal pores; (Fig. 2b).</p><p>Limbs short, stout; digits bearing horizontally oriented smooth, un-notched lamellae on ventral surface; clawed, claw slightly smaller than length of the lamellar region; forelimbs short (FL/SVL ratio 0.09), equal in length with the hind limbs (CL/SVL ratio 0.10). Terminal phalanx of all digits curved, arising angularly from distal portion of expanded lamellar pad, free portion of phalanx of all digits half to more than half long as the dilated portion. Lamellae beneath the digits, right manus 8-12-13-14-12; right pes 8-13-15-17-16. Relative lengths of digits: III&gt;V&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;I (left manus), V&gt;II&gt;IV&gt;III&gt;I (left pes).</p><p>Tail stout, subtly flat on its ventral aspect, round in cross section, longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL ratio 0.67). Caudal segments distinct on original tail; pholidosis of original tail dorsum with small, juxtaposed scales intermixed with large sub-conical tubercles in a whorl or 9-10 rows on the first segment, thereafter reduces in number on subsequent segments, scales on regenerated portion of tail heterogenous, lacking tubercles. Ventral aspect with large, broad scales, median row of scales not enlarged. Two sub-conical post cloacal spurs.</p><p>Distribution and natural history</p><p>(Fig. 5). The northernmost range of the species appears to be Aushgram in Burdwan district (West Bengal) is the northern most record of the species (Chandra et al. 1997) and other records are from Chaibasa (Cantor 1847, Smith 1935) and BNHS 855 Barajamda (Jharkhand) Belpahari (West Bengal) (Samanta et al. 2021) and Similipal (Dutta et al. 2009) and Balasore (Odisha) (Agarwal et al. 2022) is the southernmost record of the species. Nothing is known about the biology of the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FDAF639230F599084E9C0378439D9E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Mirza, Zeeshan A.;Gnaneswar, Chandrashekaruni	Mirza, Zeeshan A., Gnaneswar, Chandrashekaruni (2022): Description of a new species of leopard geckos, Eublepharis Gray, 1827 from Eastern Ghats, India with notes on Eublepharis hardwickii Gray, 1827. Evolutionary Systematics 6 (1): 77-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83290, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83290
F9313A01290D547DA5A8DEB53E16E4D9.text	F9313A01290D547DA5A8DEB53E16E4D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eublepharis pictus Mirza & Gnaneswar 2022	<div><p>Eublepharis pictus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 6</p><p>Eublepharis hardwickii Günther 1864: 119 (in part); Boulenger 1885: 231 (in part); Boulenger 1890: 107 (in part); Smith 1935: 126 (in part); Grismer 1988:465; Mirza et al. 2014: 90 (in part)</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Adult female, NCBS NRC-AA-0015, recently dead animal recovered from a water tank near a temple in Vishakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Collected by Gnaneshwar C. H., Rishikesh Patil, &amp; Zeeshan A. Mirza on 4 July 2017.</p><p>Paratypes.</p><p>Adult male NHMUK 1962.238, Russelconda (Ganjam District, Odisha)</p><p>Referred material.</p><p>ZSIK 4121 male, Khurda, Odisha; ZSIK 23726 male, Odisha; BNHS 227 female, Jaipur, Rajasthan (likely from Jaypore, Odisha)</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>A medium sized Eublepharis reaching SVL of 117 mm (max.), with 23-26 rows of large flat, tubercle-like moderately keeled scales across the dorsum intermixed with much smaller scales, a single pale band between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction; smooth subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes 19; 17-18 precloacal pores in an angulate series lacking a diastema.</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>The new species differs from all members of the genus Eublepharis except for E. hardwickii in bearing large flat, tubercle-like moderately keeled scales across the dorsum, interspaces much less than the size of the scales (vs. dorsum with small scales mixed with moderately keel to smooth rounded tubercles, interspaces much more than the size of the size of the tubercles in E. angramainyu Anderson &amp; Leviton, 1966, E. fuscus Börner 1974, E. macularius (Blyth), E. satpuraensis Mirza, Sanap, Raju, Gawai &amp; Ghadekar, 2014 and E. turcmenicus Darevsky, 1977); single pale band between the nuchal loop and caudal constriction (vs. two or more in E. angramainyu, E. macularius, E. satpuraensis and E. turcmenicus). The new species is most similar to E. hardwickii with which it shares several morphological traits and genetic divergence of 8-9% but differs in bearing 17 or 18 precloacal pores (vs. 16 in E. hardwickii), subdigital lamellae on digit IV of pes 19 (vs. 17 in E. hardwickii). Geographically the two species appear to be separated by the Brahmani River.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ' pictus ' is a Latin word that means ‘painted’ referring to the colouration of the species in life. Suggested common name 'Painted leopard gecko’ .</p><p>Description of holotype NCBS NRC-AA-0015.</p><p>(Fig. 3): the holotype is in good condition of preservation, it is preserved in a linear manner with a curved tail. The specimen is emaciated and the vertebral column and ribs are visible as the animal likely starved to death in the water tank. The specimen does not bear any injury or any preservation artifact.</p><p>A large sized gecko (SVL 117 mm) with a fairly large head (HL/SVL ratio 0.15), head longer than wide (HW/HL ratio 0.65), head depressed (HH/HL ratio 0.65), distinct from neck (Fig. 3a, b); canthus rostralis inflated; snout short (SE/HW ratio 0.52), obtusely pointed from dorsal view and acutely in lateral view (Fig. 3c); longer than eye diameter (OD/SE ratio 0.66); scales on the snout heterogenous in shape and size, smaller ones with rounded edges and larger ones sub-hexagonal, convex; size of the scales increases in size towards the temporal region and are more flat intermixed with small rounded smooth scales. The scales post the temporal region are large, tubercle-like and sub-conical. These scales cover the dorsum of the animal, the hind limbs up-till the caudal constriction; eyes large (OD/HL ratio 0.39), pupil vertical with crenulated edges; supraciliaries 22, anterior ones smaller, these gradually increase in size and turn sub-conical from rounded towards the posterior portion. Ear-opening large, sub-oval, obliquely oriented, nearly ½ the length of the orbital diameter (EL/OD ratio 0.51) lobules absent; eye to ear distance much greater than diameter of eye (EE/OD ratio 1.37); rostral quadrangle, much wider than deep, divided by a median suture for its entire length; rostral in contact with nasal, first supralabial and internasals; two large and a much smaller (middle) internasal between nasals; nostrils large, situated medially in the nasal scale, nasal bordered by rostral, internasal, supralabial I and 8 small scales; mental sub-quadrangular, wider than long; (Fig. 3d); a pair of postmentals, in contact medially, scales bordering the postmentals and infralabials large, gradually these reduce in size on throat up till the upper thoracic region, overall these scales are circular, convex, smaller than the ones ventral aspect of trunk; supralabials ten on either sides; infralabials (to angle of jaw) eleven on left and ten on right sides.</p><p>Body elongate (TRL/SVL ratio 0.48) and dorsoventrally flattened; lacking distinct ventrolateral furrow; dorsal scalation on trunk comprises of large tubercle-like slightly depressed scales intermixed with small, round-edged scales, the large tubercle-like scales are fairly arranged in 26 longitudinal rows at mid-body, each large scale is enveloped in a rosette of 10-12 small scales; ventral scales on trunk smooth, flat, smaller than dorsal scales; mid body scales across belly 28; precloacal pores absent.</p><p>Limbs short, stout; digits dilated, bearing horizontally oriented smooth, un-notched lamellae on ventral surface; clawed, claw slightly smaller than length of the lamellar region; forelimbs short (FL/SVL ratio 0.14), equal in length with the hind limbs (CL/SVL ratio 0.14). Terminal phalanx of all digits curved, arising angularly from distal portion of expanded lamellar pad, free portion of phalanx of all digits half to more than half long as the dilated portion. Lamellae beneath the digits, right manus 7-14-14-15-12; right pes 8-16-15-19-16. Relative lengths of digits: III&gt;V&gt;IV&gt;II&gt;I (left manus), V&gt;II&gt;IV&gt;III&gt;I (left pes).</p><p>Tail stout, subtly flat on its ventral aspect, round in cross section, longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL ratio 0.76). Caudal segments distinct on original tail,; pholidosis of original tail dorsum with small, juxtaposed scales intermixed with large sub-conical tubercles in a whorl or 9-10 rows on the first segment, thereafter reduces in number on subsequent segments, scales on regenerated portion of tail heterogenous, lacking tubercles.. Ventral aspect with large, broad scales, median row of scales not enlarged. Two rounded, slightly depressed post cloacal spurs.</p><p>Variation observed in examined material.</p><p>The paratype male NHMUK 1962.238 bears 18 precloacal pores, 17 in ZSIK 4121. The paratype bears two postcloacal spurs that are sub-conical not rounded as in the holotype.</p><p>Distribution and natural history</p><p>(Figs 5, 6). The new species is distributed across the states of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. The forest type in the vicinity of the type locality is dry evergreen mixed with scrub and meadows. The major type of forest across Odisha where the species is found is classified as Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Semi-evergreen forest (Champion and Seth 2005). The species is strictly nocturnal and has been observed actively foraging along trails in the forest after dusk. While foraging, the species has been observed licking surfaces as it moves, likely the tongue is used as a sensory organ like E. satpuraensis &amp; E. fuscus (Mirza and Upadhye 2010, Mirza et al. 2014) and Cyrtodactylus varadgirii (Mirza et al. 2010, Sanap et al. 2011, Agarwal et al. 2016). A large individual was seen at carcasses of road-killed frogs on a road passing through a forested area on the outskirts of Vishakhapatnam. It is unclear if the lizards were attracted to the dead frogs or the insects on the carcasses. Three more individuals (Fig. 6b, uncollected) of the new species were seen along the same road (Fig. 6c) when the holotype was found. Other sympatric gekkotan species observed at the type locality are Cyrtodactylus nebulosus (Beddome, 1870), Hemidactylus triedrus (Daudin, 1802) and Hemidactylus sushilduttai Giri, Bauer, Mohapatra, Srinivasulu &amp; Agarwal, 2017. Nothing else is known about the biology of the species in the wild. We here refrain from providing accurate locations of the species to ensure protection from illegal collection for the pet trade.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9313A01290D547DA5A8DEB53E16E4D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Mirza, Zeeshan A.;Gnaneswar, Chandrashekaruni	Mirza, Zeeshan A., Gnaneswar, Chandrashekaruni (2022): Description of a new species of leopard geckos, Eublepharis Gray, 1827 from Eastern Ghats, India with notes on Eublepharis hardwickii Gray, 1827. Evolutionary Systematics 6 (1): 77-88, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83290, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.6.83290
