identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D92987FD6763FFC3BCC7FF1CFD4FFE49.text	D92987FD6763FFC3BCC7FF1CFD4FFE49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longileptoneta Seo 2015	<div><p>Genus Longileptoneta Seo, 2015</p><p>(Japanese name: nagamashiragumo ナガマシラグモ)</p><p>Type species: Longileptoneta songniensis Seo, 2015 from Korea .</p><p>Distribution. China, Japan (new record), Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD6763FFC3BCC7FF1CFD4FFE49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD6763FFC7BCC7FE21FEF2FE06.text	D92987FD6763FFC7BCC7FE21FEF2FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Longileptoneta yamasakii Ballarin & Eguchi 2022	<div><p>Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov.</p><p>(Japanese name: yamasakinagamashiragumo ヤマサキナガマシラグモ)</p><p>Figs. 1A–G, 2A–F, 3A–D</p><p>DNA barcode. GenBank accession number: OP680015 .</p><p>Material examined. ♂ Holotype. JAPAN: Okinawa Pref.: Yonaguni-jima Is., Yaeyama-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.95618&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.45872" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.95618/lat 24.45872)">Yonaguni-cho</a>, unnamed short cave inside a deep, shadowed sinkhole, 24.45872°N, 122.95618°E, 23 m a.s.l., under stones and in mud crevices at the entrance of the cave, 02 March 2021, F. Ballarin &amp; K. Eguchi leg. (NSMT-Ar 22244).</p><p>Paratypes. JAPAN — same data as the holotype 1♂, 19♀ (5♀ NSMT-Ar 22245; 1♂, 9♀ MNHAH-B6-000402; 5♀ RMUF); same locality, 10♀ (6♀ FBPC; 4♀ MSNVR-Ar028–031), 05 March 2021, all F. Ballarin &amp; K. Eguchi leg.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honor to our colleague and friend Takeshi Yamasaki (Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan), for his contribution to the study of arachnology and for kindly helping with field collections in Japanese caves.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. can be distinguished from the male of the similar L. gutan Wang &amp; Li, 2020 and L. shenxian Wang &amp; Li, 2020 or any other congeners by the following combination of unique characters: presence of a pair of lanceolate apophyses (PA) on the retrodistal part of the patella (reduced to normal, sharp spines in L. gutan and L. shenxian; cf. Figs. 1B, D, 3B vs. figs. 8D and 12C in Wang et al. 2020) and a robust and strongly sclerotized prolateral sclerite (PS) (thinner PS in L. gutan and L. shenxian, or transparent and less sclerotized in other congeners (cf. Figs. 1A, G, 3A vs. figs. 8C and 12C in Wang et al. 2020). In addition, the new species can be recognized by the general shape of the other palpal sclerites when the bulb is observed ventrally or dorsally (differently shaped in L. gutan, L. shenxian and in other congeners; cf. Figs. 1G, 3C vs. figs. 8B and 12B in Wang et al. 2020). The female of L. yamasakii sp. nov. is distinguished from the female of L. gutan, L. shenxian and other congeneric species by the shape of internal genitalia having less twisted ducts (SS) and spermathecae (S) headed toward to each other (vs. more coiled SS and S headed more frontally in L. gutan and L. shenxian or usually smaller S in other congeners; cf. Figs. 2A, B, 3D vs. figs. 9C and 13C in Wang et al. 2020). The dorsal pattern, having clear dark stripes on the opisthosoma, and the general shape of genitalia both help to quickly distinguish L. yamasakii sp. nov. from any other leptonetid species living in the Ryukyus.</p><p>Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 2C. Total length: 2.52; prosoma 1.03 long, 0.93 wide. Carapace dark brown with a lighter central area less visible in alive specimens (Fig. 2F). Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Six eyes all well-developed. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly brownish. Promargin of chelicera bearing a row of 8 denticles; denticles absent on retromargin. Sternum uniformly dark brown. Legs uniformly brown. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements (leg II partially missing): I = 9.43 (2.57, 0.36, 2.98, 2.47, 1.05), II =? (1.83, 0.34, -), III = 5.8 (1.60, 0.25, 1.61, 1.46, 0.88), IV = 7.84 (2.11, 0.34, 2.38, 2.02, 0.99). Opisthosoma greyish with two rows of 4–5 dark transversal stripes gradually merging to each other toward the posterior part of opisthosoma. Palp as in Figs. 1A–G, 3A–C. Femur with a row of long and robust spines on ventral margin, additional strong spines on the prolateral and dorsal margins. Patella elongated, bearing a pair of robust, lanceolate apophyses (PA) on retrodistal margin. Tibia short, approx. half of length of patella, with a tubular, robust apophysis on retrodistal margin with a spine on its apex and another spine at its base (TA) (Figs. 1B, 3B). Cymbium with medial depression and several long and robust dorsal spines headed prolaterally. Bulb with three sclerites: prolateral sclerite (PS) spine-like, robust and heavily sclerotized; median sclerite (MS) long and laminar, twisted apically; retrolateral sclerite (RS) flat and wrinkled, sclerotized at its basal trait and wrapped around embolus. Embolus (E) sclerotized at its base, distally leaf-like and transparent, ending with a long, narrow lobe (Figs. 1C–G and 3A–C).</p><p>Female (based on one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Figs.2 D–F. Total length: 2.70, Prosoma 1.01 long, 0.91 wide. Similar to male for coloration and pattern. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 2E. ALE = 0.06, PLE = 0.05, PME = 0.05, ALE-PLE = 0, PLE-PME = 0.02. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 5.62(1.47, 0.23, 1.71, 1.38, 0.83), II = 4.12 (1.16, 0.23, 1.17, 0.95, 0.61), III = 3.47 (0.96, 0.20, 0.92, 0.83, 0.56), IV = 4.78 (1.30, 0.22, 1.45, 1.16, 0.65). Opisthosoma wrinkled in the frontal part (Fig. 2E). Other characters as in male. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 2A, B, 3C. Atrium (AT) wide, triangular; spermathecae stalk (SS) reaching spermathecae (S) with a slight S-shaped course. Spermathecae oval, separated from each other by two and 2/3 of their diameter, slightly headed toward each other and slightly bent posteriorly toward AT.</p><p>Size variation: Male (based on 2 specimens): total length: 2.52–2.61, Prosoma 1.03–1.06 long, 0.92—0.96 wide. Female (based on 5 specimens): total length: 2.51–2.70, Prosoma 0.91–1.01 long, 0.89–0.91 wide.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p><p>Habitat. Cave-like habitats. The new species was found spinning small sheet-webs in mud and rock crevices on the ground and under dead wood at the entrance of a short cave opening at the bottom of a humid, shadowed sinkhole covered with subtropical vegetation (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Remarks. Longileptoneta yamasakii sp. nov. is locally abundant. The population numbered tens of specimens, often spinning webs in crevices close to each other, but occurring only in a small area of few square meters near the entrance of the short cave in the type locality. The species clearly shows troglophilic preferences, however it retains a full pigmentation and large, functional eyes. Thus, it lacks any troglomorphic characters typical of species deeply adapted to a subterranean life-style like in others leptonetids living in Ryukyus caves (e.g., M. longipalpis). This suggests that L. yamasakii sp. nov. might also inhabit screes or external habitats, especially if stable and moist. However, despite intensive collections by the authors in the surroundings of the type locality, in the leaf litter of forests covering the central area of Yonaguni-jima Is., no specimens of this or any other leptonetid species were collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD6763FFC7BCC7FE21FEF2FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD6767FFC7BCC7FDDDFDC7FD65.text	D92987FD6767FFC7BCC7FDDDFDC7FD65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Masirana Kishida 1942	<div><p>Genus Masirana Kishida, 1942</p><p>Type species. Masirana cinevacea Kishida, 1942 from Japan .</p><p>Distribution. Japan, Korea, Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD6767FFC7BCC7FDDDFDC7FD65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD6767FFC9BCC7FD3CFF07F816.text	D92987FD6767FFC9BCC7FD3CFF07F816.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Masirana suzukii Ballarin & Eguchi 2022	<div><p>Masirana suzukii sp. nov.</p><p>(Japanese name: tiragamahinamashiragumoティラガマヒナマシラグモ)</p><p>Figs. 4A–F, 5A–E, 6A–E.</p><p>Material examined. ♂ Holotype. JAPAN: Okinawa Pref.: Okinawa-honto Is., Kunigami-gun, Nakijin-son, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.684" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.005/lat 26.684)">Tiragama cave</a> (ティラガマ = Tametomo no horaana, Ẫ朝の洞Ẉ), 26.684°N, 128.005°E, 55 m a.s.l., short and rather humid cave, 17 November 2020, F. Ballarin leg. (NSMT-Ar 22246).</p><p>Paratypes. JAPAN - same data as the holotype, 2♂, 1♀ (2♂, 1♀ RMUF; 1♂, 1♀ FBPC) .</p><p>Etymology. The new species is a patronym in honor to our colleague and friend Yuya Suzuki (United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan). Yuya is a young and promising arachnologist actively working on ethology, ecology and taxonomy of Japanese spiders, including cave species from the Ryukyus.</p><p>Diagnosis. Species closely related to Masirana changlini (Zhu &amp; Tso, 2002) from Taiwan. The male of M. suzukii sp. nov. can be distinguished from the male of M. changlini by the different number of denticles on the chelicera (a single row of 9 denticles on the promargin in M. suzukii sp. nov. vs. two rows of denticles, 6 on the promargin and 7 on the retromargin, in M. changlini; cf. Fig. 6D vs. fig. 3 in Zhu &amp; Tso 2002) and by the slimmer and longer tip of the cymbium bearing a short, stronger spine (vs. a shorter, tougher tip of cymbium lacking any thick apical spine in M. changlini; cf. Figs. 4B, C–F, 6A, B vs. figs. 4, 5 in Zhu &amp; Tso, 2002). In addition, the embolus of the new species shows a more rounded apex in contrast with a pointy apex in M. changlini (cf. Figs. 4B, 6B vs. fig. 4 in Zhu &amp; Tso 2002). The male of M. suzukii sp. nov. can be easily separated from the male of M. longipalpis by the different length of the palpal femur and tibia (cf. Figs. 4A, B vs. 7A, B). The female of M. suzukii sp. nov. is distinguished from the female of other congeners, including M. longipalpis, by the different shape of internal genitalia (e.g., smaller and rounded spermathecae (S) in contrast with larger, sac-like S in M. longipalpis, cf. Figs. 5A, B and 6E vs. Figs. 8E, F).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype). Habitus as in Fig. 5C. Total length: 1.66; prosoma 0.72 long, 0.63 wide. Carapace brownish with sightly lighter central area. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows distinct. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Sternum uniformly brownish. Six eyes all well-developed. ALE=0.05, PLE=0.05, PME=0.05, ALE-PLE=0.01, PLE-PME=0.03. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly brownish. Chelicera bearing a single row of 8 denticles on promargin; denticles on retromargin missing (Fig. 6D). Legs uniformly light brown. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 4.67 (1.42, 0.22, 1.74, 1.38, 0.91), II = 3.75 (1.06, 0.22, 1.07, 0.81, 0.59), III = 3.09 (0.87, 0.21, 0.80, 0.73, 0.48), IV = 4.03 (1.19, 0.23, 1.26, 1.03, 0.59). Opisthosoma yellowish with faint dorsal marks. Male palp as in Figs. 4A–F, 6A–C. Femur with several long and robust spines on its ventral and dorsal margins. Patella and tibia both elongated, approximately of the same length. Two apophyses (TA) on retrodistal margin of tibia close to each other; ventral apophysis large and lanceolate; dorsal apophysis spine-like, larger at its base and ending with a sharp and long tip (Figs. 4D, E and 6B). Cymbium bearing several long and thin spines, ending pointy and with a robust spine at its apex (= tarsal spur). Bulb with two sclerite: median sclerite (MS) spine-like, long and thin; prolateral sclerite (PS) wide and transparent, ribbon-like and wrapped around MS. Embolus (E) long and robust, thread-like and laterally flattened, ending with a rounded tip slightly curved dorsally (Figs. 4C–F and 6A–C).</p><p>Female (one of the paratypes). Habitus as in Fig. 5D, E. Total length: 1.59; prosoma 0.69 long, 0.63 wide. General coloration and pattern as in male. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 5E. ALE=0.05, PLE=0.05, PME=0.05, ALE-PLE=0.01, PLE-PME=0.03. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 4.69 (1.28, 0.23, 1.42, 1.09, 0.67), II = 3.51 (1.01, 0.21, 0.95, 0.77, 0.57), III = 3.03 (0.85, 0.23, 0.76, 0.69, 0.50), IV = 4.09 (1.12, 0.22, 1.19, 0.95, 0.61). Opisthosoma brownish or yellowish, strongly wrinkled in the frontal part (Fig. 5E). Other characters as in male. Internal genitalia as in Fig. 5A, B, 6E. Atrium (AT) wide, cup-shaped. Spermathecae stalk (SS) starting at sides of atrium, first bending inward with a comma course, then reaching spermathecae (S) after one convolution. Spermathecae small and round, separated from each other by two and a half of their diameter.</p><p>Size variation: Male (based on 4 specimens): total length: 1.55–1.66, Prosoma 0.65–0.72 long, 0.63–0.66 wide. Female (based on 2 specimens): total length: 1.59–1.70, prosoma 0.69–0.72 long, 0.63–0.66wide.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p><p>Habitat. Caves. The new species was found in empty spaces under stones and in recesses of the floor in the twilight zone of a short and humid cave.</p><p>Remarks. M. suzukii sp. nov. shows reduced pigmentation and faint dorsal color pattern. Despite lacking any real troglobitic adaptation, the collecting environment suggests troglophilic habits. However, we do not exclude that this species might also inhabit screes and other shallow subterranean habitats or even external environments (e.g., forest litter). According to Shimojana (1977, pg. 347) Falcileptoneta okinawaensis was also recorded from the same cave where M. suzukii sp. nov. was collected. Despite extensive collections inside the cave, we could not find any other leptonetid species. In addition, the records of F. okinawaensis by Shimojana in Tiragama cave were based on females only. Due to the external similarities of females in Leptonetidae and the lack of information about the internal genitalia of these species, it is possible that such records refer to misidentified samples of M. suzukii sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD6767FFC9BCC7FD3CFF07F816	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD676BFFCFBCC7FF52FAA3FE7A.text	D92987FD676BFFCFBCC7FF52FAA3FE7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Masirana longipalpis Komatsu 1972	<div><p>Masirana longipalpis Komatsu, 1972</p><p>Figs.7A–F, 8A–I, 9A–D</p><p>Masirana longipalpis Komatsu, 1972: 83, f. 6-9 (♂ ♀).</p><p>M. longipalpis Shimojana, 1977: 347, f. 3 (♂).</p><p>DNA barcode. GenBank accession number: OP680016 (specimen from Nisshudo cave).</p><p>Material examined. JAPAN — Okinawa Pref., Okinawa-honto Is.: Kunigami-gun: Motobu-cho: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.89205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.70075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.89205/lat 26.70075)">Shinzato</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.89205&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.70075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.89205/lat 26.70075)">Abuntogama cave</a> (アブントーガマ), 26.70075°N, 127.89205°E, 40 m a.s.l., slightly humid cave, twilight and dark zone, 4♂, 4♀ (3♂, 3♀ FBPC; 1♂, 1♀ MSNVR) , 16 Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg.; Kin-cho, Kin-Kannonji Temple, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.9217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.4553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.9217/lat 26.4553)">Nisshudo cave</a> (HĄ洞 = <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.9217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.4553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.9217/lat 26.4553)">Kannonji cave</a>, ṞǠ寺Ặ乳洞) (type locality), 26.45530°N, 127.92170°E, 71 m a.s.l., large and humid cave, twilight and dark zone (temp: 20.3˚C, hum: 98.7%), 3♂, 11♀ (2♂, 6♀ FBPC; 1♂, 3♀ MNHAH; 2♀ MSNVR) , 15. V.2022, F. Ballarin &amp; M. Araki leg.— Ishigaki-jima Is.: Ishigaki-shi: Tonoshiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.17721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.36533" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.17721/lat 24.36533)">Fukubukuîzâ cave</a> (フ クブクイーザー, AE1洞), 24.36533°N, 124.17721°E, 66 m a.s.l., long cave humid with a small creek, dark zone, 1♂ (MNHAH), 9 Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg. ; same locality, 1♂, 9♀ (FBPC), 11 Nov. 2020, F. Ballarin leg.</p><p>Type locality. Nisshu-do cave, Kin-cho, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa-honto Is., Okinawa Pref.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of Masirana longipalpis can be easily distinguished from the male of M. suzukii sp. nov. and any other congeners by the unique shape of palp having an extremely elongated femur and tibia which are much shorter in other congeners (e.g., cf. Figs. 7A, B vs. 4A, B). The female of M. longipalpis can be easily separated by the female of other congeners, including M. suzukii sp. nov., by the large, sac-like spermathecae which are much smaller, or more rounded in other congeners (e.g., cf. Figs. 8E, F vs. 5A, B).</p><p>Redescription of male (based on specimen from Abuntogama cave). Male habitus as in Fig. 8G. Total length: 1.55; prosoma 0.69 long, 0.60 wide. ALE=0.04, PLE=0.04, PME=0.04, ALE-PLE=0, PLE-PME=0.04. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 7.71 (2.45, 0.25, 2.2, 1.75, 1.06), II = 5.4 (1.81, 0.24, 1.89, 0.96, 0.50), III = 5.23 (1.49, 0.25, 1.45, 1.23, 0.81), IV =? (2.08, 0.24, -). Palp as in Fig. 7A–F. Palpal femur extremely elongated, bearing some long and robust spines on its ventral margin, smaller sparce spines on dorsal and lateral margins. Patella long; tibia extremely elongated, approximately 3 and half time longer than patella. Two apophyses (TA) on the retrodistal margin of tibia close to each other: ventral apophysis large and lanceolate; dorsal apophysis spine-like, larger at its base and ending with a sharp and long tip. Cymbium with several long spines on dorsal and distal margin, headed antero-prolaterally, ending with a long spine (= tarsal spur) similar to the others. Bulb with two transparent sclerite; median sclerite (MS) long and tread-like, twisted in middle trait; retrolateral sclerite (RS) wide and transparent, ribbon-like and wrinkled, wrapped around embolus. Embolus (E) long and robust, ending with a lightly serrated tip curved dorsally. See also Komatsu (1972) for a detailed description of the male.</p><p>Description of female (based on specimens from Abuntogama cave). Habitus as in Fig. 8H, I. Total length: 1.87; prosoma 0.80 long, 0.73 wide. Carapace uniformly yellowish. Median groove, cervical grooves and radial furrows barely visibly. Cephalic area poorly defined, slightly raised from carapace. Frontal view of cephalic area as in Fig. 8I. Six eyes all reduced, PME strongly reduced (level of eye degeneration differs among specimens examined). ALE=0.05, PLE=0.04, PME=0.03, ALE-PLE=0, PLE-PME=0.05. Chelicera, labium and maxillae uniformly yellowish. Chelicera bearing a single row of 5-6 denticles on promargin, first 2-3 proximal teeth smaller than the others; denticles on retromargin missing. Palps elongated. Sternum uniformly yellowish. Legs uniformly yellowish. Leg formula: I, IV, II, III. Leg measurements: I = 10.19 (2.81, 0.32, 3.17, 2.43, 1.46), II = 7.99 (2.18, 0.29, 2.31, 1.74, 1.47), III = 6.19 (1.73, 0.31, 1.71, 1.49, 0.95), IV = 8.24 (2.34, 0.31, 2.52, 1.95, 1.12). Opisthosoma greyish with faint pattern of slightly darker marks, wrinkled in the frontal part (Fig. 8I). Internal genitalia as in Fig. 8E, F. Atrium (AT) triangular with a wide base. Spermathecae stalk (SS) narrow, starting from sides of atrium, heading first frontally then turning outward and inward before reaching the top of spermathecae. Spermathecae (S) very large, sac-like, headed posteriorly.</p><p>Remarks on variation: Size variation: male (based on 3 specimens from Abuntogama cave): total length: 1.55–1.90, prosoma 0.69–0.8–long, 0.60–0.74 wide; female (based on 5 specimens from Abuntogama cave): total length: 1.56–2.1, prosoma 0.67–0.88 long, 0.63–0.77 wide.</p><p>Species with reduced eyes, depigmentation and elongation of legs and palps. The degree of troglomorphic adaptations differs among populations living in different caves or different islands. Eyes reduction varies from no reduction to totally absent (e.g., compare Figs. 8C vs. 8D and 8I, see also Shimojana 1977, pg. 348). According to Shimojana (1977, pg. 363) the populations from some caves in Okinawa-honto Is. have the highest degree of eyes reduction. Pigmentation and dorsal pattern of opisthosoma is variable, with populations totally or partially depigmented (e.g., cf. Figs. 8G, H and Figs. 9A–D) and other having a clearer pattern (see Fig. 8D). Specimens from different caves also show differences in thickness of embolus and its tip, ranging from thin and sharp to large and stocky (e.g., cf. Figs. 7D, F vs. 8A, B). Additional differences can be observed in the length of male palp with some populations having the femur considerably longer than tarsus + patella while in others these segments have approximately the same length (cf. Figs. 7A, B vs. fig. 8 in Komatsu 1972).</p><p>Habitat. Caves. M. longipalpis can be found in the twilight zone and, more commonly, in the humid and dark zone in the deep of the cave. It usually spins small webs in the crevices and among the rocks at the base of the cave walls or on the cave floor. The populations can be locally abundant being distributed in a large area inside the cave; in other cases the specimens occupy only a limited section of the cave where the microclimate is more favorable for this species (F. Ballarin pers. obs.).</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Central and Southern Ryukyus (Fig.10). Widely distributed in the central and southern Ryukyus occurring in several islands: Aguni-jima Is., Hamahiga-shima Is., Ie-jima Is., Ike-shima Is., Ishigaki-jima Is., Kouri-jima Is., Kume-jima Is., Miyagi-jima Is., Okinawa-honto Is., and Tonaki-jima Is. (Shimojana 1977; Tanikawa &amp; Sasaki 1999) (Fig. 10).</p><p>Remarks. Although M. longipalpis is relatively common and recorded from several caves in central and southern Ryukyus, during our surveys we could not find this species in some of the localities where its presence was historically documented. It is possible that the microclimate conditions of some of the caves might have changed along the years due to the increasing urbanization and consequent human activities (Y. Suzuki pers. comm.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD676BFFCFBCC7FF52FAA3FE7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD676FFFCFBCC7F8D3FD74F86C.text	D92987FD676FFFCFBCC7F8D3FD74F86C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Falcileptoneta Komatsu 1970	<div><p>Genus Falcileptoneta Komatsu, 1970</p><p>Type species. Leptoneta striata (Oi, 1952) from Japan</p><p>Distribution. China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD676FFFCFBCC7F8D3FD74F86C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
D92987FD676EFFCEBCC7FF52FBE7FCA1.text	D92987FD676EFFCEBCC7FF52FBE7FCA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Falcileptoneta okinawaensis Komatsu 1972	<div><p>Falcileptoneta okinawaensis Komatsu, 1972</p><p>Falcileptoneta okinawaensis Komatsu, 1972: 82, f. 1-5 (♂ ♀).</p><p>F. okinawaensis Shimojana, 1977: 346, f. 4D (♂).</p><p>Type locality. Shimuku-gama cave, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.73133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.40247" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.73133/lat 26.40247)">Namihira village</a>, Yomitan-son, Nakagami-gun, Okinawa-honto Is., Okinawa Pref. (26.40247°N, 127.73133°E) .</p><p>Description. See Komatsu, 1972 for the description of the male (detailed description of the female habitus and genitalia missing).</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to Okinawa-honto Is. (Fig.10).</p><p>Remarks. This troglophilic species is endemic to Okinawa-honto Is. and reported from few caves in the Central- Southern part of the island (Fig. 10). It is apparently absent in other islands of the Ryukyu arc (Shimojana 1977) and no external records are currently known. We failed to collect any specimens of F. okinawaensis during our surveys in the Ryukyus despite searching in some of the recorded localities including the type locality cave. Consequently, we postpone the study of this species to future works when some fresh samples of both sexes are available. Apparently, F. okinawaensis can cohabits in the same caves with the more widely distributed M. longipalpis (see Shimojana 1977). We cannot directly confirm this observation since we only collected the latter species during our surveys. Nevertheless, the two species show different degrees of morphological adaptations to the subterranean environment, with F. okinawaensis being apparently less adapted. Thus, they can possibly occupy different sections of the same cave and different niches avoiding direct competition. Additional ecological studies on the micro-habitat preference of M. longipalpis and F. okinawaensis are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D92987FD676EFFCEBCC7FF52FBE7FCA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ballarin, Francesco;Eguchi, Katsuyuki	Ballarin, Francesco, Eguchi, Katsuyuki (2022): Taxonomic notes on leptonetid spiders from the Ryukyu Archipelago with the description of two new species and the first record of the genus Longileptoneta from Japan (Araneae: Leptonetidae). Zootaxa 5213 (4): 371-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5213.4.3
