taxonID	type	description	language	source
D32BEF3FC0925D0DD2A7E146B171C868.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body ' J' shaped, cylindrical, tapering towards the anterior end but more to the posterior end. Cuticle smooth, 1.6 - 2.3 μm thick at neck region, 2.3 - 3.1 μm at mid body and 5.5 - 6.3 μm at tail region. Lip region, well demarcated. Amphidial aperture on lip region 50 - 59 % of lip width. Amphidial fovea stirrup-shaped. Guiding ring, about 1 / 4 th of the total odontostyle length from the base of odontostyle. Odontostyle, 1.6 μm diameter, 66 + / - 3 (63 - 73) % of total stylet length and furcated at base. Odontophore well developed with prominent basal flanges 10.9 - 11.7 μm wide. Lip width 3.1 + / - 0.5 (2.5 - 4.2) % of total stylet length. Female reproductive system amphidelphic, didelphic, branches equally developed. Ovaries reflexed. Pars dilatata oviductus separated from the uterus by a very robust sphincter muscle. No uterus differentiation. Vagina about half body width and perpendicular to the body axis. Vulva, 41 % of body length from anterior end. Tail, conoid to dorsally convex conoid, non-digitate, terminal hyaline portion about 27 % of tail length (Fig. 1). The description of Xiphinema elongatum has been recorded by a number of authors and well studied. It was originally described by Schuurmans Stekhoven and Teunissen (1938) from a single female specimen from Rutshuru (Zaire) and redescribed by many authors such as Tarjan and Luc (1963), Williams (1959), Carvalho (1962), Timm (1965), Cohn and Sher (1972), Loof and Maas (1972), Heyns (1974), Williams and Luc (1977) and Loof and Sharma (1979), and also lately by Loof and Luc (1990). The morphometric data of described Ethiopian specimens were perfectly fit within the twenty-two populations of Xiphinema elongatum recorded by Luc and Southey (1980) from a different country and are fairly similar to records of Xiphinema elongatum from Botswana (Heyns and Coomans 1991), Guiana and Martinique (Luc and Coomans 1992) and Taiwan (Chen et al. 2004). According to Luc and Southey (1980), Xiphinema elongatum appears to have continuous pattern of variation for some morphometric data and shape of tail over different populations of different geographic location. These authors divided Xiphinema elongatum into two groups upon morphological variation over different geographical locations. The first group, characterized by a shorter tail and longer stylet, all originate from West Africa whereas the second, having a longer tail and shorter stylet, are mainly from east Africa or South East Asia / Pacific area. According to this suggestion the studied specimen best fit with the second population group of Xiphinema elongatum. This species was reported as widespread and common in Africa including neighbor country Kenya (Luc and Southey 1980; Heyns and Coomans 1991; Coomans et al. 2001). Accordingly, it belongs to group 7 of the species group, characterized by equal female genital branches, without uterine differentiation, and tail elongate to conical. As the revised polytomous key by Loof and Luc (1990), on note 22, Xiphinema elongatum cannot be separated clearly by the characters used in the key. But they can be differentiated by: c' = 1.9 - 3.3; total spear length = 134 - 178 μm which perfectly fit with the studied Ethiopian specimen. Male. Not found.	en	Getaneh, Gezahegne, Bert, Wim, Decraemer, Wilfrida (2015): First report, morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinemaelongatum and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from Ethiopia. ZooKeys 489: 1-13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.8629, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.8629
CC14B6CC7B3CF9824BA32E718EE76A72.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body ' C' shaped after fixation, tapering to both end but more to the anterior. Cuticle smooth under light microscope. Lip region, distinctly offset by constriction. Amphid aperture post labial, fovea stirrup shaped and about two-third of lip width. Odontostyle robust, poorly forked, 1.56 μm thick, 66 + / - 3 (63 - 73) % of total stylet length and odontophore with weak flanges with width of 10 + / - 3 (7 - 12) μm. Basal Guiding ring 110 + / - 6 (104 - 115) μm from anterior end. Pharynx includes one anterior dorsal nucleus and two posterior subventral nuclei, pharyngeal gland length 94 + / - 5 (91 - 99) μm. Vulva, posterior to mid-body, a transverse slit in ventral view, one-third of the corresponding body width. Female genital branches, didelphic, reflexed, equally developed, generally short. Ovaries, with bacterial endosymbiont, uterus without Z-differentiation, sphincter not clear. Tail short, conical with narrow rounded end (Fig. 1). Morphological variations of Xiphinema pachtaicum have been recorded among populations of different localities from Iran (Fadaei et al. 2003) and Czech (Kumari 2004). The morphometric range of studied Ethiopian specimen is more similar to that of the Iranian population (Fadaei et al. 2003), and also agrees with the record from Serbia and Montenegro (Basri and Lamberti 2002). The studied Ethiopian species have a slightly longer body length and higher ' a' ratio compared to studied population from Iran and Czech (Fadaei et al. 2003; Kumari 2004). However, according to Luc et al. (1984) the variation of coefficient of ' a' and ' c' are common for this species that is between 43 - 74 and 47 - 84 respectively. Xiphinema pachtaicum is widespread in Europe (Switzerland, Germany, United Kingdom, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Romania, Serbia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Greece, Cyprus, Malta, Moldova, Ukraine); Asia (Israel, Turkey, Georgia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Jordan, Iraq, Iran); Africa (Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Egypt, South Africa); North America (United States, Trinidad); South America (Chile) and Australia. This species has not been recorded as a vector of plant viruses (Andrassy 2006). The alpha-numeric polytomous identification key codes as developed by Lamberti et al. (2000) to be applied for the studied Xiphinema pachtaicum of the Xiphinema americanum group in Africa are agree with Ethiopian studied population: A 2, B 2, C 1 / 2, D 32, E 32, F 2, G 21, H 23, I 23, J 1. Characterized by lip region set off from body, body length 1.6 to 2.0 mm; odontostyle length <86 µm; value of c' ratio 1.6 to 2; vulva 53 to 56 % or vulva> 56 %; value of ' a' ratio 61 to 80; value of ' c' ratio <60 or> 60; distance of basal guide ring from oral aperture 61 to 75 µm; distance of basal guide ring from oral aperture> 75 µm. Male. Not found.	en	Getaneh, Gezahegne, Bert, Wim, Decraemer, Wilfrida (2015): First report, morphological and molecular characterization of Xiphinemaelongatum and X. pachtaicum (Nematoda, Longidoridae) from Ethiopia. ZooKeys 489: 1-13, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.8629, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.489.8629
