taxonID	type	description	language	source
D81487B88130FFB17698F9A6A689FD4A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve, canopy of primary tropical seasonal rainforest (fogging), 22 July 2007, G. Zheng leg. Paratype: 1 male, Menglun Nature Reserve, canopy of the secondary tropical seasonal moist forest (fogging), 27 July 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88130FFB17698F9A6A689FD4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin word ‘ annulatus ’, meaning ringed and referring to the annular embolus along the edge of tegulum of male palp; adjective.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88130FFB17698F9A6A689FD4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male of the new species similar to A. hippocampa sp. nov. (Figs 3 A – C, 4 A – F) in having short patellar and tibial apophyses, slender embolus, short cymbial furrow and the absence of median apophysis and conductor, but distinguished from the latter by the tiny teeth on the RTA (Figs 1 B – C, 2 E – F), the long embolus (Figs 1 A – B, 2 D – E) and the relatively shallow cymbial furrow (Figs 1 B, 2 E).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88130FFB17698F9A6A689FD4A.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype, Figs 2 A – C). Total length 1.20. Prosoma 0.54 long, 0.45 wide. opisthosoma 0.68, 0.55 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.03, ALE 0.06, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05; AME – AME 0.03, AME – ALE 0.01, PME – PME 0.05, PME – PLE 0.02, ALE – PLE 0.01. MOA 0.11 long, front width 0.06, back width 0.12. Clypeus height 0.06. Leg measurements: I 1.43 (0.44, 0.47, 0.26, 0.26); II 1.37 (0.40, 0.45, 0.27, 0.25); III 1.27 (0.36, 0.41, 0.25, 0.25); IV 1.57 (0.42, 0.52, 0.34, 0.29). Leg formula: 4123. Body yellowish, with black eyes pigment. Three thin bright chevron-like markings located on the dorsal surface of opisthosoma (Figs 2 A – C). Male palpal patella with a thorn-like apophyis retrolaterally, which pointing proximally and dorsally. RTA originating on the distal margin ventro-retrolaterally and pointing dorsally, with several tiny teeth. Embolus originating retrolaterally and coiling clockwise 360 ° along the margin of the tegulum (left palp). Conductor and median apophysis absent. A shallow furrow located on cymbium basal-retrolaterally, which length shorter than half cymbial length (Figs 1 A – C, 2 D – F). Female. unknown.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88130FFB17698F9A6A689FD4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from the Xishuangbanna rainforest, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88135FFB47698FF64A650FCB1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve, canopy of the secondary tropical seasonal moist forest (fogging), 10 August 2007, G. Zheng leg. Paratypes: 1 male, 1 female, with same data as for holotype.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88135FFB47698FF64A650FCB1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin generic name of the seahorse, “ Hippocampus ”, referring to the seahorse-like epigynal ducts (copulatory duct and spermatheca) of the female paratype; adjective.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88135FFB47698FF64A650FCB1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Male of the new species similar to that of A. annulata sp. nov. (Figs 1 A – C, 2 A – F) in having short patellar and tibial apophyses, slender embolus, short cymbial furrow, absence of median apophysis and conductor, but differing from the latter by the absence of the tiny teeth on the palpal RTA (Figs 3 B – C, 4 E – F), the shorter embolus (Figs 3 A, 4 D), and the short and deep cymbial furrow (Figs 3 B, 4 E) of male palp. Females of the new species are distinguished from those of other Alistra species by a pair of rims at the copulatory openings (Figs 3 D, 5 F), the seahorse-shaped spermathecae and copulatory ducts of epigyne (Figs 3 E, 5 G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88135FFB47698FF64A650FCB1.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 1.65 – 1.73. Holotype (Figs 4 A – C): Total length 1.73. Prosoma 0.81 long, 0.65 wide; opisthosoma 0.95 long, 0.67 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.04, PME 0.04, PLE 0.05; AME – AME 0.03, AME – ALE 0.01, PME – PME 0.08, PME – PLE 0.04, ALE – PLE 0.01. MOA 0.14 long, front width 0.13, back width 0.14. Clypeus height 0.09. Leg measurements: I 2.51 (0.74, 0.84, 0.51, 0.42); II 2.44 (0.72, 0.81, 0.50, 0.41); III 2.05 (0.58, 0.67, 0.43, 0.37); IV 2.52 (0.70, 0.81, 0.57, 0.44). Leg formula: 4123. Prosoma dark yellow, with some tiny brown markings and dark brown margin. Opisthosoma greyish black, with many long setae. Four thin bright chevron-like markings located dorsally (Figs 4 A – C). Male palpal patella with a thorn-like apophysis pointing posteriorly. Tibia longer than patella, with RTA pointing dorso-distally. Embolus originating prolatero-basally, curving clockwise along the margin of the tegulum, semicircular (left palp). Conductor and median apophysis absent. Cymbium with short and deep furrow, which latter length equals to quarter of cymbial length (Figs 3 A – C, 4 D – F). Female (paratype, Figs 5 A – E). Total length 2.07. Prosoma 0.81 long, 0.65 wide; opisthosoma 1.26 long, 0.92 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.05, PME 0.05, PLE 0.06; AME – AME 0.04, AME – ALE 0.01, PME – PME 0.08, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.01. MOA 0.15 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.16. Clypeus height 0.07. Leg measurements: I 2.38 (0.73, 0.77, 0.48, 0.40); II 2.36 (0.72, 0.77, 0.46, 0.41); III 2.18 (0.65, 0.69, 0.46, 0.38); IV 2.71 (0.77, 0.90, 0.60, 0.44). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma with 3 broad bright markings. Epigyne small and simple. Copulatory ducts short and curved (Figs 3 D – E, 5 F – G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88135FFB47698FF64A650FCB1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Xishuangbanna rainforest, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 2 males: China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town (active searching), 5 – 12 October 2006, G. Zheng leg.; 1 male: Menglun Town (active searching), 5 – 12 November 2006, G. Zheng leg.; 63 females: Menglun Town (active searching), October 2006 – April 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of this species are similar to those of H. maginii Brignoli, 1977 (female holotype from Italy, deposited in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Verona, Italy, examined) in having a single atrium and small sub-spermathecae, but differing from the latter by the large epigynal atrium (Figs 7 A, 7 C, 9 D – E) and the widely separated sub-spermathecae (Figs 7 B, 7 D, 9 F – G). This species is also similar to H. submaginii sp. nov. (Figs 17 – 20) in having similar RTA, embolus, median apophysis and cymbial furrow, but males can be distinguished by the single palpal patellar apophysis (Figs 6 A – C, 8 G – I) (bifid in H. submaginii), females by the anterior margin of the epigynal atrium arc-shaped or somewhat protruding in dorsal view and the relatively small sub-spermathecae with wide distance from each other (Figs 7 B, 7 D, 9 F – G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Total length 2.40 – 2.60. One of them (Figs 8 A – F) total length 2.49. Prosoma 1.28 long, 0.95 wide; opisthosoma 1.32 long, 0.93 wide. Chelicerae with conspicuous stridulatory files on the lateral surface, 3 promarginal and 6 – 8 retromarginal teeth. Leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma with some black spots and 4 pale chevron-like marings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally. Male palpal patellar apophysis recurved and hook-like. RTA long. Embolus originating retro-basally and spiraling clockwise along the margin of tegulum nearly 360 º (left palp). Median apophysis membranous, originating retrolaterally. Cymbium furrow deep, which length is almost equal to half of cymbial length (Figs 6 A – C, 8 G – I). Female. Total length 2.80 – 3.20. One female (Figs 9 A – C): total length 2.87. Prosoma 1.27 long, 0.97 wide; opisthosoma 1.70 long, 1.37 wide. Leg formula: 4123. Chelicerae with 6 retromarginal teeth. Stridulatory file absent. Other characters as in male. Epigyne with large, posteriorly extended atrium. Copulatory ducts relatively short, bifurcate in front of atrium. Sub-spermathecae ball-like or tuberculate. Spermathecae located posteriorly, separated by large atrium. Fertilization ducts small, pointing laterally. A pair of hoods found posterior of epigastric furrow, distance of which is wider than width of spermathecae (Figs 7 A – D, 9 G – I).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Sichuan, Yunnan).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. All male and most of female specimens of H. flagellifera were collected from Rubber-Tea and Paramichelia baillonii - plantations near the Menglun Nature Reserve.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88136FFB87698FC16A1A0FC8F.taxon	discussion	Remark. There are two pairs of receptacula located on the vulva dorsally, which were named basal and second receptacula by Forster (1970) or primary and secondary receptacula by Bosmans and Thijs (1980). Here the basal or primary receptacula connecting with fertilization ducts are named spermathecae, which might be homologue to those of other spider groups. And the second or secondary receptacula are named sub-spermathecae, which are present only in a few other groups, such as Clubiona (Clubionidae).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813AFFBC7698FC9EA61CFEBA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. 85 males, 140 females, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town (active searching and pitfall traps), August 2006 – June 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813AFFBC7698FC9EA61CFEBA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species is similar to H. barbata Bosmans, 1992 from Sulawesi (Bosmans 1992: 84, figs 1 – 6) in having a row of long tegular setae, a pair of copulatory openings and coiled copulatory ducts, but can be distinguished by the relatively long and anteriorly curved row of tegular setae, the tiny RTA, the bigger patellar apophysis of the male palp and the relatively long copulatory ducts of the epigyne. It is also similar to H. saccata sp. nov. (Figs 14 – 16), H. cinerea Emerton, 1890 (Opell & Beatty 1976: 423, figs 78 – 83) and H. arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 (Opell & Beatty 1976: 424, figs 84 – 88) in having a submarginal prolateral tegular row of setae on the male palp and a pair of copulatory openings, but distinguished from others by the conspicuously long tegular setae row of male palp (Figs 10 A – B, 12 G – H) and two copulatory openings located centrally, close to each other (Figs 11 A, 11 C, 13 D – E), copulatory ducts long and strongly twisted (Figs 11 B, 11 D, 13 F – G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813AFFBC7698FC9EA61CFEBA.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Total length 2.35 – 2.60. One male (Figs 12 A – F): total length 2.50. Prosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide; opisthosoma 1.30 long, 0.90 wide. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 5 – 6 retromarginal teeth (4 or 7 retromarginal teeth can be rarely found). Stridulatory files present on the lateral surface of chelicerae. Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma with 4 chevron-like markings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally. Male palpal patella with a hooked apophysis retro-basally. RTA long, sharply curved and pointing ventrally. Embolus originating retro-basally, extending around the tegulum, ending at the base of membranous median apophysis. Length of deep cymbial furrow is about half of cymbial length (Figs 10 A – C, 12 G – I). Female. Total length 2.40 – 3.10. One female (Figs 13 A – C): total length 2.55. Prosoma 1.25 long, 0.85 wide; opisthosoma 1.45 long, 1.15 wide. Chelicerae without stridulatory files, with 6 retromarginal teeth. AME smallest. Leg formula: 4123. Epigyne with a pair of small copulatory openings centrally. Copulatory ducts long, bifurcated and strongly swirled. Sub-spermathecae is nearly as large as spermathecae and close to the latter anteriorly. Fertilization ducts small, posterior to spermathecae, pointing laterally (Figs 11 A – D, 13 D – G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813AFFBC7698FC9EA61CFEBA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Tibet, Yunnan)	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813AFFBC7698FC9EA61CFEBA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. This is a dominant species on the ground of Xishuangbanna, whether in tropical rainforest or in plantations. Nearly all mature male individuals were collected in November and December, while females collected almost all time of a year. Apparently, H. himalayaensis completes only one generation per year and the male die as soon as the copulation is finished. Female lives apparently longer after copulation.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813EFFA17698FE81A650FBFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve, ground of secondary tropical montane evergreen forest (active searching), 5 – 12 September 2006, G. Zheng leg. Paratypes: 16 males, same locality as for holotype (active searching and pitfall traps), from July to September 2006, G. Zheng leg.; 66 females, same locality as for holotype (active searching and pitfall traps), September 2006 – May 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813EFFA17698FE81A650FBFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin adjective ‘ saccatus ’, meaning saccate, shaped like a pouch or sac and referring its saccate sub-spermathecae; adjective.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813EFFA17698FE81A650FBFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. himalayaensis Hu & Zhang, 1990 (Figs 10 – 13), H. cinerea Emerton, 1890 and H. arizonica Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 in having tegular setea on male palp and two relative small copulatory openings of epigyne, but can be distinguished from these species by the stout RTA (Figs 14 B – C, 15 G – H), the fewer tegular setae (Figs 14 A, 15 F) of male palp and the posteriorly located copulatory openings (Figs 14 D, 16 E – F), the very short copulatory ducts between openings and bifurcation points and the spherical subspermathecae with relatively wide distance from each other (Figs 14 E, 16 G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813EFFA17698FE81A650FBFA.taxon	description	Description. Male. Total length 2.30 – 2.60. Holotype (Figs 15 A – E): Total length 2.46. Prosoma 1.32 long, 1.02 wide; opisthosoma 1.20 long, 0.84 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.10, PME 0.09, PLE 0.11; AME – AME 0.03, AME – ALE 0.02, PME – PME 0.06, PME – PLE 0.04, ALE – PLE 0.02. MOA 0.22 long, front width 0.16, back width 0.24. Clypeus height 0.13. Chelicerae with distinct lateral condyle, stridulatory files laterally and 3 promarginal, 5 – 6 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 4.45 (1.27, 1.47, 1.01, 0.70); II 4.06 (1.19, 1.32, 0.91, 0.64); III 3.58 (1.02, 1.10, 0.87, 0.59); IV 4.46 (1.24, 1.40, 1.10, 0.72). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma with 4 chevron-like markings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally. Male palpal patellar apophysis hooked, originating retro-basally. RTA sharply curved backward, tip pointed. Embolus originating retro-basally, curved clockwise around the tegulum (left palp) and ending near the membranous median apophysis. Set of setae located on tegulum prolaterally. Cymbial furrow deep, its length slightly shorter than half of cymbial length (Figs 14 A – C, 15 F – H). Female. Total length 2.40 – 3.00. One female paratype (Figs 16 A – D): Total length 2.55. Prosoma 1.35 long, 0.95 wide; opisthosoma 1.40 long, 1.15 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10; AME – AME 0.05, ALE – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.08, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.02. Clypeus height 0.13. Chelicerae with 6 retromarginal teeth (7 or 8 teeh rarely found). Leg measurements: I 3.75 (1.10, 1.30, 0.80, 0.55); II 3.40 (1.00, 1.15, 0.75, 0.50); III 3.15 (0.90, 1.05, 0.75, 0.45); IV 4.20 (1.25, 1.35, 1.00, 0.60). Leg formula: 4123. Other characters as in male. Epigyne with two small copulatory openings, located in shallow, small atrium and close to epigastric furrow. Copulatory ducts bifurcate near the openings. One branch connecting with sub-spermathecae relatively thick and the other slender. Sub-spermathecae located anteriorly. Spermathecae elliptic, near the posterior margin of epigyne. Fertilization ducts originating from the spermathecae posteriorly and pointing laterally (Figs 14 D – E, 16 E – G).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B8813EFFA17698FE81A650FBFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Xishuangbanna rainforest, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88123FFA07698FB3CA650FD02.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve (active searching), 5 – 12 November 2006, G. Zheng leg. Paratypes: 2 males, 24 females, same locality as for holotype (active searching), September 2006 – May 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88123FFA07698FB3CA650FD02.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the similarity to H. maginii Brignoli, 1977; noun in apposition.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88123FFA07698FB3CA650FD02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Females of the new species similar to those of H. maginii Brignoli, 1977 in having an epigynal atrium, spherical spermathecae and sub-spermathecae and relatively short copulatory ducts, but differ from the latter by the large epigynal atrium (Figs 18 A, 18 C, 18 E, 20 E), the small distance between anterior atrial margin and the anterior margin of copulatory ducts (Figs 18 A, 18 C, 18 E, 20 E) and the relatively thin copulatory ducts (Figs 18 B, 18 D, 18 F, 20 F). The new species is also similar to H. flagellifera Zhu, Chen & Sha, 1989 (Figs 15 – 17), but can be distinguished by the bifurcate palpal patellar apophysis (Figs 17 A – C, 19 E – G), the distinct margin of epigynal copulatory openings (Figs 18 A, 18 C, 18 E, 20 E) and the procurved anterior margin of atrium in dorsal view (Figs 18 B, 18 D, 18 F, 20 F). Descripton. Male. Total length 1.90 – 2.50. Holotype (Figs 19 A – D): Total length 2.45. Prosoma 1.28 long, 0.99 wide; opisthosoma 1.29 long, 0.89 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.08, PME 0.07, PLE 0.07; AME – AME 0.04, AME – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.07, PME – PLE 0.06, ALE – PLE 0.02. MOA 0.19 long, front width 0.15, back width 0.21. Clypeus height 0.13. Chelicerae with distinct lateral condyle, stridulatory files laterally, 3 or 4 promarginal and 5 or 6 retromarginal teeth. Leg measurements: I 4.19 (1.23, 1.44, 0.93, 0.59); II 3.82 (1.10, 1.30, 0.88, 0.54); III 3.16 (0.91, 1.00, 0.78, 0.47); IV 3.83 (1.09, 1.25, 0.94, 0.55). Leg formula: 1423. Opisthosoma greyish, with 3 chevron-like markings dorsally. Spiracle located centrally. Male palpal patella with a bifurcate apophysis retrolaterally. One part pointing proximally, hook-like and the other pointing distally. RTA long and curved dorsally. Embolus originating retro-basally and curved around tegulum. Median apophysis membranous. Cymbial furrow deep, which length about half of cymbial length (Figs 17 A – C, 19 E – G). Female. Total length 2.30 – 2.80. One female paratype (Figs 20 A – D): Total length 2.50. Prosoma 1.05 long, 0.75 wide; opisthosoma 1.55 long, 1.25 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.08, PME 0.08, PLE 0.08; AME – AME 0.03, AME – ALE 0.02, PME – PME 0.05, PME – PLE 0.05, ALE – PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 0.08. Leg measurements: I 2.80 (0.85, 0.95, 0.60, 0.40); II 2.55 (0.75, 0.85, 0.55, 0.40); III 2.25 (0.70, 0.75, 0.55, 0.35); IV 3.00 (0.90, 1.00, 0.70, 0.40). Leg formula: 4123. Other characters as in male. Epigynal atrium large, with distinct anterior margin. Copulatory openings located in atrium, with visible anterior margin, close to the anterior margin of atrium. Sub-spermathecae of similar size as spermathecae. Spermathecae located posteriorly, near the big atrium laterally. Fertilization ducts located posterior to spermathecae (Figs 18 A – F, 20 E – F).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88123FFA07698FB3CA650FD02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Xishuangbanna rainforest, Yunnan Province, China.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: Male, China, Yunan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Nature Reserve (active searching), 4 – 11 April 2007, G. Zheng leg. Paratypes: 216 males, 298 females, same locality as for holotype (active searching and pitfall traps), August 2006 – June 2007, G. Zheng leg.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is taken from the Latin word ‘ senarius ’, meaning consisting of six each, referring to the presence of six eyes of this new species; adjective.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species can be easily distinguished from other Hahnia species by the very small body with 6 eyes and shallow body color (Figs 22 A – C, 23 A – C), the midway located spiracle, the absence of stridulatory files on chelicerae, the short embolus and very short cymbial furrow of male palp (Figs 21 A – D, 22 D – F), the spherical sub-spermathecae of female epigyne (Figs 21 F, 23 E).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype, Figs 22 A – C). Total length 0.95. Prosoma 0.46 long, 0.39 wide; opisthosoma 0.52 long, 0.40 wide. Dorsal prosoma yellowish, with dark cephalic area. Fovea longitudinal and brown. The highest point of prosoma located between the eye area and fovea. AME reduced. Posterior eye row distinctively procurved. ALE nearly black, others white. Eye pigments obvious. ALE equal to PLE (0.03), PME smallest (0.02); ALE – ALE 0.04, PME – PME 0.03, PME – PLE 0.01, ALE – PLE 0.01. ‘ Clypeus height’ (from the anterior margin of ALE to the margin of clypeus) 0.05. Chelicerae yellow, with indistinct lateral condyle and stridulatory file. Promarginal teeth absent, 2 small retromarginal teeth. Labium, gnathocoxas, sternum and legs yellowish. Leg measurements: I 1.32 (0.41, 0.46, 0.24, 0.21); II 1.23 (0.37, 0.43, 0.23, 0.20); III 1.13 (0.37, 0.34, 0.23, 0.19); IV 1.37 (0.40, 0.45, 0.29, 0.23). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval and greyish, wish indistinct markings. Spiracle located centrally. Male palpal patella with a small hooked apophysis basally. RTA originating ventro- proximally, curved dorsally. Embolus originating proximally, curved around tegulum, semicircular. Conductor absent. Median apophysis membranous, originating distal-retrolaterally. Cymbial furrow short, its length about 1 / 4 of cymbial length (Figs 21 A – D, 22 D – F). Female. (one paratype, Figs 23 A – C): Total length 1.15. Prosoma 0.43 long, 0.37 wide; opisthosoma 0.74 long, 0.57 wide. ALE = PME = PLE = 0.03; ALE – ALE 0.03, PME – PME 0.04, PME – PLE = ALE – PLE = 0.01. ‘ Clypeus height’ 0.03. Leg measurements: I 1.12 (0.37, 0.38, 0.19, 0.18); II 0.99 (0.30, 0.33, 0.19, 0.17); III 0.87 (0.26, 0.28, 0.18, 0.15); IV 1.17 (0.36, 0.39, 0.23, 0.19). Leg formula as male. Opisthosoma dark greyish yellow, with some blackish spots and 4 bright thin chevron-like markings dorsally. Epigyne small, with 2 tiny copulatory crevices located posteriorly, close to each other. Copulatory ducts extending forward, bifurcate and reaching sub-spermathecae (small, close to each other) and spermathecae (spherical, separated by the copulatory ducts). Fertilization ducts small, originating posterior to spermathecae (Figs 21 E – F, 23 D – E).	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from rainforest of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
D81487B88126FFAA7698FF64A39DF843.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Hahnia senaria sp. nov. is a dominant species in Xishuangbanna, in natural habitats and in plantations. All specimens were collected from August 2006 to June 2007. The months with largest abundances are November 2006 (40 females and 42 males) and May 2007 (88 females and 49 males). Apparently, two generations occurs throughout a year.	en	Zhang, Zhi-Sheng, Li, Shuqiang, Zheng, Guo (2011): Comb-tailed spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China (Araneae, Hahniidae). Zootaxa 2912: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277820
