identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
33B1FC436CF25B81AFB3A0D18D3ABDC7.text	33B1FC436CF25B81AFB3A0D18D3ABDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium dumebuchum H. J. Choi 2021	<div><p>Allium dumebuchum H.J.Choi sp. nov. Figs 1A-E, 4</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>This new species is morphologically similar to A. senescens due to its habits. However, it is clearly distinguished from A. senescens, particularly by its rhomboid scapes in cross-secion (vs. subterete), light purple perianth color (vs. pale purple), entire and narrowly triangular inner filaments (vs. sometimes toothed and broadened for ca. 1/2 in length), and flowering season from late September (vs. from July).</p><p>Type.</p><p>South Korea. Gyeongbuk: Ulleung-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.83665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.46702" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.83665/lat 37.46702)">Namyang</a>, 37.46702N 130.83665E, elev. 11m, 8 Oct 2020 [fl], H.J.Choi 201008-001 * (Holotype: KH; Isotypes: CWNU, KB, KIOM) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Herbs hermaphroditic. Rhizomes clearly elongated, thick and branched, oblique to horizontal, 14.8-55.4 mm long. Bulbs clustered, cylindrically conical, 9.6-15 mm in diam.; tunics membranous, smooth, white. Leaves 4-9; sheaths slightly exposed above ground, 4-7.8 cm long; blades ascending, slightly tortuous, linear, flat and solid in cross-section, flesh, 19.5-38 cm × 3.8-13 mm, apex obtuse to rounded. Scapes rhomboid and solid in cross-section, drooping before flowering, 23.4-49 cm × 2.5-5.6 mm. Inflorescences umbellate, subglobose, 23-41.5 × 37-53 mm, 48-113 flowered; pedicels terete, subequal in length, 9.8-11.2mm long; bracts 3.2-5 mm long. Flowers bisexual; perianth semi-radially spreading, light purple; inner tepals longer than outer ones, elliptical, apex obtuse, 5.2-7.2 × 3.4-4.5 mm; outer tepals ovately elliptical, apex obtuse, 4.8-6.1 × 2.1-3.7 mm; filaments exserted, 6.2-8.4 mm long, margin entire; inner filaments narrowly triangular; anthers elliptical, reddish, 2.2-2.5 × 0.9-1.1 mm long; ovary obovoid, reddish, 3.2-3.8 × 3.2-3.7 mm, ovules 2 per locule; style terete, exserted; stigma smooth. Capsules cordiform, trigonous, 5.4-5.6 × 5.6-5.8 mm. Seeds oval, semi-circular in cross-section, 3.7-3.8 × 2.4-2.6 mm.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering from late September to October; fruiting from late October to November.</p><p>Distribution and habitat.</p><p>Endemic to South Korea (Ulleung-do Island; Fig. 5). Open slope of rocky area.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet, " Allium dumebuchum " is based on the name of traditional vegetable for this species in South Korea.</p><p>Vernacular name.</p><p>The Korean name of the new species is "Du-me-bu-chu ( 두메부추)” .</p><p>Conservation status.</p><p>The new species is endemic to Ulleungdo Island, and usually grows along the coast at altitudes of -23-171m a.s.l. From the present study, the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO) of this species have been calculated to be 47,683 km2 and 48 km2, respectively. Currently, there is no information on population size and trend data. However, this new species is only known from a single location of Ulleungdo Island, and mainly occurs on the coast which is critically threatened by extensive construction and repair of coastal roads (Choi et al. 2012a). Therefore, decline in habitat area, habitat extent, and quality of habitat for this species have been continuously observed. Thus, Allium dumebuchum should be considered as Critically Endangered [CR B1ab(iii)] according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (IUCN 2021).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Allium dumebuchum, occurring in Ulleungdo Island of South Korea, has usually been misidentified as A. senescens (Choi and Oh 2010; Choi and Oh 2011). However, this new species remarkably distinguished itself from its related species of section Allium senescens Rhizirideum (e.g., A. spirale, A. spurium, A. minus, and A. senescens) in having clearly bigger floral parts that bloom from late September (Table 3; Fig. 1). The PCA results based on quantitative floral characters of five related species in section Allium senescens Rhizirideum clearly identified A. dumebuchum from others (Fig. 2). This new species is a tetraploid (2 n = 4 x = 32) taxon along with A. senescens, and A. minus is a diploid (2 n = 2 x = 16), whereas A. spirale and A. spurium showed polyploidy (Table 3; Fig. 3). Moreover, molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast markers (ndhJ - trnF, trnH - psbA, psbD - trnT, and psbJ - petA) also clearly indicate that A. dumebuchum is genetically distinct from other species of section Allium dumebuchum Rhizirideum (Fig. 6).</p><p>Additional specimens examined</p><p>(Paratypes). South Korea. Gyeonggbuk: Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang valley, 11 Sep. 2006, ParkSH 61820 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Tonggumi, 26 Sep. 1995, S-4255 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 15 Aug. 2009, Ulleung68-090815-002 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 22 Aug. 2011, JMC12750 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 29 Oct. 2013, 2013KBV091 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 5 Sep. 2003, SCHONG2003100 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Chusan, 2 Sep. 2009, JMC11306 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Dodong, 18 Sep. 2007, H.J.Choi 070001 (KH); Ulleungdo Isl., Sadong, 23 Aug. 2005, 1073 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., Sadong, 23 Aug. 2005, KH1283 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., Nari, 25 Sep. 2001, J.S.Kim s.n. (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., Hyeonpo, 4 Oct. 2011, 19-1 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., Nari, 17 Sep. 2019, H.J.Choi 190917-01 (CWNU); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 8 Oct. 2020, H.J.Choi 201008-002 (CWNU); Ulleungdo Isl., Namyang, 8 Oct. 2020, H.J.Choi 201008-003 (CWNU); Ulleungdo Isl., Sadong, 12 Oct. 2005, NAPI-20101161 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., 11 Jul. 2013, H.J.Choi s.n. (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., 23 Aug. 2005, 1406 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., 3 Sep. 2008, SK2008-019-096 (KB); Ulleungdo Isl., 15 Oct. 2009, ksh84 (KB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/33B1FC436CF25B81AFB3A0D18D3ABDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jang, Ju Eun;Park, Jong-Soo;Jung, Ji-Young;Kim, Dong-Kap;Yang, Sungyu;Choi, Hyeok Jae	Jang, Ju Eun, Park, Jong-Soo, Jung, Ji-Young, Kim, Dong-Kap, Yang, Sungyu, Choi, Hyeok Jae (2021): Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern China: with a new species from Ulleungdo Island. PhytoKeys 176: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
D83EBFCF86C65FACA2C8892F523088F8.text	D83EBFCF86C65FACA2C8892F523088F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium minus (S. O. Yu, S. Lee & W. Lee) H. J. Choi & B. U. Oh, Brittonia 62 (3): 200 (2010 2010) H. J. Choi & B. U. Oh, Brittonia 62 (3): 200 2010	<div><p>Allium minus (S.O.Yu, S.Lee &amp; W.Lee) H.J.Choi &amp; B.U.Oh, Brittonia 62(3): 200 (2010) Fig. 1P-T</p><p>A. senescens L. var. minus S.OYu, S.Lee &amp; W.Lee, J. Korean Pl. Taxon. 11: 32 (1981) [ ‘minor’]. Basionym.</p><p>Type.</p><p>South Korea. Gangwon: Inje, Wolhaksam-ri, 26 May 1979, B.S.Gil s.n. (Neotype: KH!; Oh et al. 2018) .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>This species was originally published as a variety of Allium senescens, Allium senescens var. minus ‘minor’ . However, this Korean endemic taxon has been revealed as a biologically distinct species. It is remarkably well distinguished from its relatives of the section Allium Rhiziridum by having much narrower and shorter leaf blades and scapes, smaller floral organs, non-exerted filaments and earlier flowering season from May to late July (Table 3; Fig. 1; Choi and Oh 2010; Choi and Oh 2011). Considering these major differences, Choi and Oh (2010) proposed the rank of species for this taxon as more appropriate than that of variety. Although it is cultivated as a vegetable in South Korea, its natural populations are only known from the type locality so far (Fig. 5). However, this species proved to have been extinct in the natural habitat in this study.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>South Korea. Gangwon: Inje, 26 May 1979, B.S.Gil 0022887 (KWNU); Inje,?, W.T.Lee 0022892 (KWNU); Inje, Wolhaksam-ri, 18 May 2008, H.J.Choi 080063 * (KH) . Gyeonggi: Yangju, Jangheung, 6 Oct. 2015, H.J.Choi 151006-01 (CWNU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D83EBFCF86C65FACA2C8892F523088F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jang, Ju Eun;Park, Jong-Soo;Jung, Ji-Young;Kim, Dong-Kap;Yang, Sungyu;Choi, Hyeok Jae	Jang, Ju Eun, Park, Jong-Soo, Jung, Ji-Young, Kim, Dong-Kap, Yang, Sungyu, Choi, Hyeok Jae (2021): Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern China: with a new species from Ulleungdo Island. PhytoKeys 176: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
ED42E4855B1C5045B2A4D9140B36F97C.text	ED42E4855B1C5045B2A4D9140B36F97C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium senescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 299 1753	<div><p>Allium senescens L., Sp. Pl. 1: 299 (1753) Fig. 1U-Y</p><p>Allium pseudosenescens H.J.Choi &amp; B.U.Oh, Brittonia 62(3): 200 (2010). Type: China. Heilongjiang, Tahe, Talin Linchang, H.J.Choi 080119 (Holotype: KH!; Isotypes: KH!).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Russia. From Siberia (forebaical region), LINN 419.25 (Lectotype: LINN photo!).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Allium senescens, originally described from the Baikal area of Russia, is certainly one of the most popular ornamental Allium species of the world, and is naturally distributed in southern Russia, Mongolia and north-eastern China (Sinitsyna et al. 2016; Sinitsyna and Friesen 2018). The existing records of this species in South Korea (Choi and Oh 2010; Choi and Oh 2011) are all the result of misidentification of herbarium materials, the identity of which we have verified to be A. dumebuchum . Allium pseudosenescens is newly proposed as an additional synonym of A. senescens in this study.</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China. Heilongjiang:?, 1959, Wang 163 (PE); Tahe, Talin Linchang, 31 Jul. 2008 , H.J.Choi 080119 (KH); Xifeng Linchang, Tahe, 1 Aug. 2008 , H.J.Choi 080278 (KH); Dashinganryeong, Aug. 1954 , Linxingzu 07577 (PE). Mongolia. Bulgan, Khogno Khaan Mountain Nature Reserve, 29 Jul. 2000 , Sun Byung-Yun 32008 (KH); Sukhbaatar, Tumentsogt, 17 Jul. 2011 , Mongolia _V2012007 (KH); Ulaanbaatar, Sanzai, 09 Jul. 2014 , 2014-MON-010 (KB); Tuv, Mungunmorit, 06 Jul. 2016 , H.J. Choi 160706 * (CWNU); sanzai, 8 Jul. 2014 , 2014-MON-010 (KB).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED42E4855B1C5045B2A4D9140B36F97C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jang, Ju Eun;Park, Jong-Soo;Jung, Ji-Young;Kim, Dong-Kap;Yang, Sungyu;Choi, Hyeok Jae	Jang, Ju Eun, Park, Jong-Soo, Jung, Ji-Young, Kim, Dong-Kap, Yang, Sungyu, Choi, Hyeok Jae (2021): Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern China: with a new species from Ulleungdo Island. PhytoKeys 176: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
2B8E3F2FF2CC57119B456882C8DBFAC5.text	2B8E3F2FF2CC57119B456882C8DBFAC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium spirale Willd., Enum. Pl. Suppl. 17 1814	<div><p>Allium spirale Willd., Enum. Pl. Suppl. 17 (1814) Fig. 1F-J</p><p>Type.</p><p>Russia (Far East), specimen without collection date and number (Holotype: B photo!).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Allium spirale is occasionally confused with A. senescens because of its more or less similar growth habit (Choi and Oh 2011), but the most distinctive characters include clearly flattened-winged scapes (Fig. 1H), campanulate perianth (Fig. 1I) and ovate tepals (Fig. 1J).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China. Jilin: Gyoha, Ipbeopsan, 2 Sep. 2006 , Jilin 23-060902-007 (KH); hunchun, 17 Aug. ?, S.J.Lee et al. s.n. (KH); baisan, changbaisan, 22 Aug. 2010 , An-C1273 (KH); Yongjeong, Nampyeong, 8 Sep. 2007 , H.J.Choi &amp; J.W.Han 070014 (KH); Dandong, Aprokgang, 6 Sep. 2007 , H.J.Choi &amp; J.W.Han 070012 (KH); Tungwi, 26 Aug. 1960 , Jilin Teaching Uni. 399 (PE); Tungwi, 14 Jul. 1960 , Yeop 183 (PE); Near O-mu Hsien, 28 Aug. 1931 , H.W.Kung 2195 (PE); Shu-yi Valley, Ching-po Lake, Ning-gu-ta, 5 Sep. 1931 , F.H.Chen 541 (PE); Erdaobaihe, 10 Sep. 2019 , H.J.Choi 190910 * (CWNU); Wharyoung, 8 Sep. 1959 , 700828 (PE). Heilongjiang: Mudanjiangshi, Jingbo lake, 21 Aug. 2001 , ChoiHJ-065 (KH); Harbin, 22 Aug. 2001 , G.W.Park s.n. (KH); Qinggang, Aug. 1953 , North-eastern group 571 (PE); Saertu,?, s.n. (PE). Liaonong: Xiaodonggou, Benxi, 26 Aug. 1965 , Liu et al. 1319 (PE); Daeryeon, 14 Sep. 1951 , Wang et al. 965 (PE); Héngsan, Daeryeon, 11 Aug. 2008 , B.U.Oh et al. s.n. (CBU). Russia. Primorsky: Mts. Sikhote-Alin, 26 Aug. 2014 , 2014CNU001 (KH); Khasan, Lotos lake, 17 Aug. 2015 , 2015RUSV017-01 (KH); Bukhta Ekspeditsii, 17 Aug. 2015 , H.J.Choi et al. 150817-01 (KB); Bukhta Ekspeditsii, 19 Aug. 2015 , H.J.Choi et al. 150819-01 * (KB); Bukhta Ekspeditsii, 26 Aug. 2014 , H.J.Choi et al. 140826-01 (KB); Khasansky, Perevoznaya, 10 Sep. 2013 , 5-14 (KB); Khasansky, Shakhterskiy, 11 Sep. 2013 , 8-13 (KB);?, 4 Aug. 2014, RUS14-3-4 (KB). South korea. Gangwon: Goseong, Ganseong, 12 Oct. 2010 , NAPI-10-139-01 (KH); Goseong, Ganseong, 10 Oct. 2019 , H.J.Choi 191010-01 (CWNU); Gangneung, Gangmun, 19 Sep. 2019 , H.J.Choi 190919-001-01 * (CWNU); Gangneung, Gangmun, 19 Sep. 2019 , H.J.Choi 190919-002 (CWNU); Gangneung, Yeongok, 02 Oct. 2011 , KYC1965 (KH); Yangyang, Sonnyang, 04 Sep. 2011 , NAPI 2012-0020 (KH); Goseong, Hyeonnae, 15 Sep. 1965 , T.B.Lee et al. s.n. (KH); Goseong, Ganseong, 10 Sep. 2008 , NAPID2008013 (KB); Goseong, Geojin, 10 Sep. 2008 , J.O.Hyun s.n. (KB); Gangneung, Sacheon, 15 Nov. 2013 , 2013-282 (KB); Goseong, Jugwang, 22 Sep. 2014 , KYC2014-207 (KB); Gangneung, Gangmun, 8 Aug. 2015 , H.J.Choi s.n. (KB).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B8E3F2FF2CC57119B456882C8DBFAC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jang, Ju Eun;Park, Jong-Soo;Jung, Ji-Young;Kim, Dong-Kap;Yang, Sungyu;Choi, Hyeok Jae	Jang, Ju Eun, Park, Jong-Soo, Jung, Ji-Young, Kim, Dong-Kap, Yang, Sungyu, Choi, Hyeok Jae (2021): Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern China: with a new species from Ulleungdo Island. PhytoKeys 176: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
1A1C8F46D02E5200913F7D0C5E4CA977.text	1A1C8F46D02E5200913F7D0C5E4CA977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Allium spurium G. Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. vi. 59 1827	<div><p>Allium spurium G.Don, Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. vi. 59 (1827) Fig. 1K-O</p><p>Allium dauricum N.Friesen, Fl. Sibir. (Arac.-Orchidac.) 58 (1987). Type: Russia. Transbaicalia Orientalis, pagum Kyra, in valle fuvii Bukukum, in prato substepposo, 31 Aug. 1964, G.Peschkova &amp; L.Ovczinnicova s.n. (Holotype: LE!; Isotypes: NSK).</p><p>Type.</p><p>Russia (Siberia, location in doubt). Type specimen not designated (protologue).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Allium spurium is occasionally confused with A. spirale because of its more or less similar growth habit, but the most distinctive characters include narrower leaf blades and scapes and smaller floral parts (Table 3; Fig. 1L-N). This species is newly recorded for South Korea, and the new vernacular name ‘Gak-si-du-me-bu-chu’ is given. Besides, Cheongnyangsan of South Korea is the disjunct southernmost limit for geographical distribution of A. spurium (Fig. 5).</p><p>Specimens examined.</p><p>China. Jilin: Helong, 8 Sep. 2007, H.J.Choi s.n. (KH); Helong, 9 Sep. 2007, H.J.Choi s.n. (KH); Baishan, Linjiang, 29 Apr. 2019, H.J.Choi 190429-01 (CWNU); Erdaobaihe, 08 Sep. 2019, H.J.Choi 190908-001-01 * (CWNU) . North Korea. Hambuk: Yonsa, 25 Aug. 1958, C.K.Gen s.n. (LE). Hamnam: Sinpo, 3 Oct. 2002, B.U.Oh 020062 (CBU); Hungnam, 21 Aug. 1956, C.K.Gen s.n. (LE). Phyonbuk: Huchang, 22 Aug. 1897, Komarov s.n. (LE); Jasong, 27 Aug. 1897, Komarov s.n. (LE) . South Korea. Gyeongbuk: Bonghwa, Cheongnyangsan, 31 Aug. 2020, H.J.Choi 200831-01 * (CWNU) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A1C8F46D02E5200913F7D0C5E4CA977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jang, Ju Eun;Park, Jong-Soo;Jung, Ji-Young;Kim, Dong-Kap;Yang, Sungyu;Choi, Hyeok Jae	Jang, Ju Eun, Park, Jong-Soo, Jung, Ji-Young, Kim, Dong-Kap, Yang, Sungyu, Choi, Hyeok Jae (2021): Notes on Allium section Rhizirideum (Amaryllidaceae) in South Korea and northeastern China: with a new species from Ulleungdo Island. PhytoKeys 176: 1-19, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.176.63378
