taxonID	type	description	language	source
DE0CC76FE16AFF85FF4EFC76FAE8FA02.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 31). The genus is endemic to Brazil and is recorded only from the Atlantic Forest in Southeast and Northeast region of the country, in the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF85FF4EFC76FAE8FA02.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Exocnophila exintegra (junior synonym of Exocnophila brevitarsata) by original designation.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 7)	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	materials_examined	>> Lectotype (here designated), ♂ (NMW): det. Br. v. W. Dyme brevitarsata; Collectio Br. v. W.; Espirito-Santo, Brasil. ex coll. Fruhstorfer.; 19.988 (Figs 4 B – D, 6 A – C, F – H). Paralectotype (here designated), ♂ (NMW): det. Br. v. W. Dyme brevitarsata; Collectio Br. v. W.; Espirito-Santo, Brasil. ex coll. Fruhstorfer. [pinned laterally] (Fig. 6 E); Paralectotype (here designated), ♂ (NMW): det. Br. v. W. Dyme brevitarsata; Coll. Br. v. W. Espirito Santo, Staudinger; 22.041 (Figs 4 A, 5 B, 6 D).	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	materials_examined	>> Holotype, ♀ (NMW), with two eggs: det. Br. v. W. Ocnophila integra Br; Collectio Br. v. W.; Espirito-Santo, Brasil. ex coll. Fruhstorfer.; 20.264; Exocnophila exintegra Zompro, n. sp. ♀ and 2 eggs, HOLOTYPUS, PLT of Ocnophila integra Brunner v. W., 1907, det. O. Zompro XI. 1997 (NHMW) (Figs 1 – 3; eggs: Fig. 7). Paratype, ♀ (NMW): det. Br. v. W. Ocnophila integra Br; Coll. Br. v. W., Brasilien, Mus. Bern; 14.978; Exocnophila exintegra Zompro, n. sp. ♀, PARATYPUS, PLT of Ocnophila integra Brunner v. W., 1907, det. O. Zompro XI. 1997 (NHMW).	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from Exocnophila hastata comb. nov. by the shorter head and tergum VIII, the slenderer thorax and a slightly narrower cercus with slightly constricted inner margin in males, and the more globose head with more convex vertex, shorter tergum VIII and almost straight margin of tergum X (undulated forming three round lobes in E. hastata) in females. Differs from Exocnophila ovifuscum sp. nov. by the thicker cerci in both sexes, the less elongate and less compressed head, absence of tubercles in the mesothorax in males, and the less compressed and wider head with a more convex vertex and the almost straight margin of tergum X (irregularly and roundly serrate in Exocnophila ovifuscum sp. nov.) in females. Further differs from females of Exocnophila cornuta by the more robust body, slightly smaller head and less elongated tergum X, and from females of Exocnophila tuberculata by the less robust body and absence of ornamentations on legs.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	description	Redescription Female (Figs 1 – 3). Colour. Irregularly brownish in distinct shades, legs and abdomen dark brown, thorax dorsally reddish to orangish brown (Fig. 1). Head (Fig. 2). Subrectangular, ca. 1.5 x longer than wide, rugose, vertex convex; with irregular granules dorsally, the central pair the largest. Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and roundly angulated. Eyes hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide. Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, broken, reaching metathorax. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, very wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length. Pedicel more than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with at least 18 articles. Thorax (Figs 1 – 3 A). Surface smooth with sparse round short granules and presenting irregular carinae. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, narrower anteriorly; with paramedial granules larger at posterior half (Fig. 2 A – B). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges. Profurcasternum round with an anterior region in “ D’ ’ shape, densely covered with short stiff setae (Fig. 2 D). Mesothorax 4.8 x longer than prothorax; gradually widening posteriorly. Mesonotum and metanotum with faint longitudinal medial carina. Mesonotum, metanotum, mesosternum and metasternum with distinct pair of lateral carinae (Fig. 3 A). Meso and metafurcae in “ Y’ ’ shape, metafurca wider and shorter than mesofurca. Mesothorax 1.9 x longer than metathorax. Metathorax with irregular sinuous paramedial carinae (Fig. 3 A). Metanotum slightly more than 5 x the length of median segment (Fig. 3 A). Legs (Fig. 1). Anterior legs only very slightly shorter than hind legs; mid legs shorter. Hind legs considerably exceeding end of the abdomen. Coxae smooth. Profemur slightly longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.8 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying slightly less than one third of the segment. Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying slightly less than one fifth of the length of the segment. Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of short porrect spiniform setae larger in the tibiae. Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, one to two in dorsal carinae, three to seven in lateroventral carinae and seven to 15 in the ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae. Basitarsi short, pro and metabasitarsi around the same size and mesobasitarsi shorter than the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of spiniform, thick setae. Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres. Abdomen (Figs 1, 3). Surface smooth, without granules but with several carinae. Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.2 x the length of the metanotum, bearing two sinuous pairs of paramedial carinae. Terga II – VIII and X longer than wide, IX as long as wide. Terga II – IX with four to five pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae, X with two pairs and a single medial longitudinal carina (Fig. 3 B). Tergum X with posterior margin almost straight, slightly sinuous; laterally slightly more sinuous, shorter not covering the cerci from lateral view (Fig. 3 B – C). Sterna with more setae than terga, bearing two pairs of paramedial carinae. Praeopercular organ developed, swollen, rugose, shortly lobed posteriorly (probably artifact of collapse during drying process), slightly sclerotised (Fig. 3 D). Subgenital plate convex, with two strong paramedial carinae in posterior three fourths, with round apex, reaching half the length of tergum X (Fig. 3 D). Cerci very short, centrally widened, with roundly lanceolate apex, ventrally concave, not surpassing the posterior margin of tergum X (Fig. 3 D). Paraprocts divided posteriorly, each with round posterior margin. Epiproct wide. Gonapophyses and gonoplac covered by the subgenital plate; gonapophyses VIII thin and longer than other valves; gonoplac thin. Measurements (in mm). Female NMW 20.264. Body (without cerci) 69.4, head 4.5, antennae 30.5, pronotum 3.8, mesonotum 18.4, metanotum 9.9, median segment 1.8, abdomen (excluding median segment) 31.0, profemur 19.6, protibia 24.2, mesofemur 16.2, mesotibia 17.3, metafemur 20.0, metatibia 24.3. Male (Figs 4 – 6). Colour (Fig. 4). As in female, except also with two longitudinal bands behind the eye, the dorsalmost beige and the ventralmost dark. Head (Fig. 5). Subrectangular, narrower posteriorly gradually widening until eye length, ca. 1.5 x longer than wide, vertex flat; with irregular granules dorsally mainly in two paramedial rows. Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and roundly angulated. Eyes large, slightly more than hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide. Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, broken, reaching tergum V. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, very wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly very slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length. Pedicel more than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with at least 40 articles. Thorax (Fig. 4 – 6 A). Surface smooth with sparse minute setae. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, narrower anteriorly; smooth (Fig. 5 A, C). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges (Fig. 5 D). Profurcasternum round with an anterior “ D’ ’ shaped round region, covered with short stiff setae. Mesothorax 7.7 x longer than prothorax; posteriorly slightly wider (Fig. 5 D). Meso and metafurcae in “ Y ” shape, metafurca slightly shorter than mesofurca. Mesothorax 1.6 x longer than metathorax. Meso and metanotum with faint longitudinal medial carina. Metanotum slightly more than 8 x the length of median segment. Legs (Fig. 4). Hind legs only slightly longer than anterior legs; mid legs shorter. Hind legs considerably exceeding end of the abdomen. Coxae smooth. Profemur considerably longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.8 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying slightly less than one fifth of the segment. Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying around one eighth of the length of the segment. Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of porrect spiniform setae larger in the tibiae, longer than those of the female. Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, one (rarely two) in dorsal carinae, four to seven in lateroventral carinae and five to 10 in the ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae. Basitarsi short, around the same size than the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of stiff, porrect setae. Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres. Abdomen (Figs 4, 6). Surface smooth, without granules but with carinae. Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.12 x the length of the metanotum (Fig. 6 A). Terga II – X longer than wide. Terga II – VII with two pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae near lateral margins; IV – VII with further two pairs of faint carinae near medial line; II – VIII with a further short longitudinal carinae near anterior margin. Tergum X with one pair of paramedial carinae and a longitudinal medial carina; posterior margin elevated and widely emarginate into two somewhat triangular lobes bearing thorn pads at the apexes. Tergum X very slightly shorter than IX; both slightly shorter than VIII (Fig. 6 B). Tergum VIII widening towards posterior and IX tapering towards posterior; X wider centrally (Fig. 6 B). Sterna with pair of paramedial carinae near lateral margins and IV – VII with a further, faint pair. Poculum well developed with angulated posteroventral tip (as for other species; wrinkled in the types) and short anterior region of sternum IX (Fig. 6 C – G); cerci elongate and dorsoventrally compressed, very slightly curved with slightly constricted inner margin near apex, ellipsoid, apex round (Fig. 6 F); thornpads apart, well developed with around 11 incurved teeth varying in size (Fig. 6 H). Vomer well developed, triangular, terminal hook short, thin, curved upwards. Measurements (in mm). Male lectotype. Body (without cerci) 72.1, head 2.9, antennae at least 54, pronotum 2.8, mesonotum 20.5, metanotum 13.1, median segment 1.5, abdomen (excluding median segment) 31.3, profemur 23.4, protibia 31.6, mesofemur 18.3, mesotibia 23.9, metafemur 23.1, metatibia 32.0. Measurements (in mm). Male NMW 22.041. Body (without cerci) 65.2, head 3.0, antennae at least 16.1, pronotum 2.8, mesonotum 18.8, metanotum 13.1, median segment 1.4, abdomen (excluding median segment) 26.1, profemur 23.7, protibia 31.2, mesofemur 18.3, mesotibia 22.8, metafemur 20.7, metatibia 33.3. Egg (Fig. 7). Extracted from the abdomen of the female. Laterally flattened (Fig. 7 C), oval in lateral view and ellipsoid in dorsal view, opercular collar constricted on the dorsal surface from the end of the micropylar plate to the operculum (Fig. 7 A – B); 1.3 – 1.4 x longer than tall and 1.8 – 1.9 x longer than wide. Capsule surface densely granulated with minute wide rounded prominences. Micropylar plate ellipsoid, elongated, with parallel or slightly constricted lateral edges (Fig. 7 C). Micropylar plate internally flat and smooth. Edge of the micropylar plate raised, prominent and divided into a rougher inner part with a foamy appearance, interrupted by the micropyle, and a narrower outer part, slightly rough, bordering the micropyle, with a smooth inner margin and a rougher outer margin with texture similar to the inner part; these two parts are interrupted by a narrow depression (Fig. 7 C). Micropyle oval, with a rounded projection between the inner edges posteriorly bordered by a rounded depression. Median line very short, truncated, thick and continuous with the outer edge of the external part of the micropylar plate (Fig. 7 C). Operculum round, with a raised and convex ring with a surface similar to the rest of the capsule in the outer half of the diameter and with a round, smooth central depression. Entirely dark orange in colour with sparse irregular black dots, micropylar plate surrounded by a creamish rim very short at anterior and posterior edges; with little extension in the anterior and posterior parts; micropylar plaque internally orange darkening towards polar area, inner part of the border ice-coloured and outer part of the border beige to yellowish.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE16AFF8DFF4EF9A9FC09F90C.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 31). Known from Espírito Santo state in Brazil.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	description	(Figs 8 – 18)	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	materials_examined	>> Lectotype (here designated), ♂ (MfN): hastata, Burm. * ♂ ♀, Brasil. Sello. v. Lgsdf.; 756; Bacunculus hastata ♂ Burmeister, 1838, LECTOTYPUS det. O. Zompro III. 2001 (Fig. 8 – 10). Paralectotype (here designated), ♀, not found, most likely lost (MfN): Sello. Further material examined 1 ♀ (MZUSP 2055), eggs: Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Trajano de Moraes. Visconde de Imbé, Mata Atlântica, 22 ° 05 ’ 23.9 ” S 42 ° 10 ’ 13.6 ” W, on Mimosoideae. i. 2021. VM Ghirotto col. Died 12. v. 2021; 3 ♂ (MZUSP 2056, 1686, 2632), 3 ♀ (MZUSP V 0608, 1998, V 0739), eggs: Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Magé. Vila Mimosa, próx. Camping da Paz, 22 ° 34 ’ 03.7 ” S 43 ° 10 ’ 23.8 ” W, 300 m a. s. l. 29. xi. 2021. VM Ghirotto & RP Indicatti col.; 4 ♀ juvenile (MZUSP V 0610, V 0759, V 0767, V 0786), 4 ♀ (MZUSP V 0611, V 0653, V 0785): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Angra dos Reis. Pontal, próx. a Camping Recanto do Pontal, 22 ° 56 ’ 28.6 ” S 44 ° 18 ’ 58.6 ” W, on Bambusoideae. VM Ghirotto & RP Indicatti col. 28. xi. 2021; 1 ♀ (MZUSP 2631), eggs: Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Magé. Trilha para Pico da Coruja, Santo Aleixo, 22 ° 30 ’ 32.5 ” S 43 ° 02 ’ 10.4 ” W. 23. vii. 2022. VM Ghirotto, EB Crispino, PW Engelking, B Ferraz, EA Ribeiro col.; 1 ♀ (MZUSP 0564): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Teresópolis. Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, Núcleo Teresópolis. 22 º 27 ’ 14 ” S 42 º 59 ’ 32 ” W. 5 – 6. xii. 2015. P. I. Chiquetto-Machado & A. Z. Ramin col.; 1 ♂ (MZUSP 1997): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Niterói. Parque da Cidade, 22 ° 55 ’ 44.9 ” S 43 ° 05 ’ 10.1 ” W. 19. vii. 2022. P. W. Engelking col.; 2 ♀ (MNRJ-ENT 15 - 11, MNRJ-ENT 15 - 16), 2 ♂ (MNRJ-ENT 15 - 12, MNRJ-ENT 15 - 13): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Rio das Ostras. REBIO União, 22 ° 25 ’ 31 ” S 42 ° 02 ’ 21 ” W. 21 – 25. ii. 2022. P. Souza Dias et al. col.; 2 ♀ (MNRJ-ENT 15 - 14, MNRJ-ENT 15 - 15): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Iguaçu. REBIO do Tinguá. 14 – 16. ii. 2020. P. Souza Dias, A. M. Siqueira col.; 1 ♀ (MNRJ-ENT 15 - 44): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Teresópolis. 2022; 1 ♀ (MZUSP 1218): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22 ° 58 ’ 10 ” S 43 ° 13 ’ 37 ” W. 18. i. 2019. L. Lanna, E. B. Crispino, P. W. Engelking, S. K. Harumi col. Notes on designation of lectotype. A red label accompanying the lectotype states “ LECTOTYPUS det O. Zompro ” but such designation is not valid as it was not published, so it is being designated herein.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	description	Notes on the paralectotype. The female paralectotype was not found in the MfN collection and is very likely lost. This paralectotype is certainly not conspecific nor congeneric with the male as its description states it has a very long, acute subgenital plate, which does not correspond to Exocnophila and even to any closely related genera. Therefore, until now, the female of E. hastata comb. nov. was unknown. Notes on the locality of the lectotype. A large expedition was organised a few years prior to the description of the species by its collector, von Langsdorf, which started in his own farm in Teresópolis in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil, so there is a reasonable possibility that the lectotype was collected at or near Teresópolis, where some of the recently collected material comes from.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from Exocnophila brevitarsata comb. nov. by the more elongate head and tergum VIII, the stockier thorax and the slightly thicker cerci with straight inner margins in males, and the less globose head, longer tergum VIII and undulated margin of tergum X forming three round lobes (almost straight in E. brevitarsata) in females. Differs from Exocnophila ovifuscum sp. nov. by the thicker cerci in both sexes, by the absence of tubercles in the mesothorax and the less compressed and wider head with a more convex vertex and the roundly undulated margin of tergum X (irregularly and roundly serrate in E. ovifuscum sp. nov.) in females. Further differs from females of Exocnophila cornuta and Exocnophila tuberculata by the less globose head with less prominent vertex and the undulated margin of tergum X forming three round lobes.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	description	Redescription Male lectotype (Figs 8 – 10). Colour (Fig. 8). Irregularly dark brown. Head with a dark longitudinal band bordered by two dark beige bands behind the eye. Head (Fig. 9). Subrectangular, ca. 1.6 – 1.7 x longer than wide, vertex flat; with irregular granules dorsally mainly in two paramedial rows; very slightly widening towards anterior. Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and angulated. Eyes large, slightly more than hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide. Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, reaching tergum VII. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly very slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length. Pedicel more than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with around 38 articles. Thorax (Figs 8 – 10 A). Surface smooth with sparse minute setae. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, slightly narrower anteriorly; smooth (Fig. 9 A – B). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges (Fig. 9 C). Profurcasternum trapezoid to sudquadrate, covered with short stiff setae (Fig. 9 C). Mesothorax 7.2 x longer than prothorax. Meso and metafurcae in “ Y ” shape. Mesothorax 1.5 x longer than metathorax. Meso and metanotum with faint longitudinal medial carina. Metanotum 7.9 x the length of median segment. Legs (Fig. 8). Hind legs slighty longer than anterior legs; mid legs shortest. Coxae smooth. Profemur considerably longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.8 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying around one sixth of the segment. Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying around one eightieth to one seventh of the length of the segment. Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of porrect spiniform setae larger in the tibiae, longer than those of the female. Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, one in dorsal carinae, four to seven in lateroventral carinae and five to 10 in the ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae. Basitarsi short, around the same size than the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of stiff, porrect setae. Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres. Abdomen (Figs 8, 10). Surface smooth, without granules but with carinae. Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.13 x the length of the metanotum (Fig. 10 A). Terga II – X longer than wide. Terga II – VII with two pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae near lateral margins; IV – VII with further two pairs of faint carinae near centre; II – VIII with a further short longitudinal carinae near anterior margin. Tergum X with one pair of paramedial carinae and a longitudinal medial carina; posterior margin elevated and widely, roundely emarginate into two somewhat triangular lobes bearing thorn pads at the apexes (Fig. 10 B). Tergum X very slightly shorter than IX; both shorter than VIII. Tergum VIII widening towards posterior and IX tapering towards posterior; X wider centrally. Sterna with pair of paramedial carinae near lateral margins and IV – VII with a further, faint pair. Poculum well developed with angulated posteroventral tip forming a laterally compressed lobe pointing backwards (Fig. 10 C – D, F); anterior region of sternum IX short; cerci elongate and dorsoventrally compressed, with straight inner margins, ellipsoid, apex round (Fig. 10 E), thornpads apart, well developed with around 10 incurved teeth varying in size (Fig. 10 E – F). Vomer well developed, triangular, terminal hook short, thin, curved upwards. Measurements (in mm), lectotype. Body (without cerci) 71.6, head 3.3, antennae at least 53.0, pronotum 2.6, mesonotum 20.2, metanotum and median segment 13.9, abdomen (excluding median segment) 31.2, profemur 25.2, protibia 30.5, mesofemur 20.8, mesotibia 26.5, metafemur 26.2, metatibia 35.7. Variation in males (Figs 11 A – D, 15 – 17). Colour in different shades of brown, olive, gray, with or without whitish irregular small spots. Head slightly narrower (Fig. 15). Thorn pads with 8 – 11 teeth (Fig. 17 E). Mesonotum 7 x longer than median segment which is 0.14 x of mesonotum length. Measurements (in mm), N = 2. Body (without cerci) 73.7 – 75.8, head 3.1 – 3.2, antennae 59.0 – 63.1, pronotum 2.8, mesonotum 20.4 – 21.5, metanotum 12.4 – 13.7, median segment 1.5 – 1.6, abdomen (excluding median segment) 33.1 – 33.4, profemur 24.7 – 25.6, protibia 30.8 – 31.6, mesofemur 20.0 – 21.1, mesotibia 24.6 – 25.4, metafemur 23.2 – 24.6, metatibia 34.0 – 34.2. Female (Figs 11 E – H, 12 – 14). Colour (Figs 11 E – H, 12 – 14). Entirely beige, beige orangish, brown, reddish brown, orangish brown, gray, or dark brown, with or without irregular stains, with or without a longitudinal black line in pronotum to the end of the abdomen. Head with a dark longitudinal band bordered by two dark beige bands behind the eye. Head (Fig. 12). Subrectangular, ca. 1.6 x longer than wide, smooth, vertex gently convex; with irregular granules dorsally, the central ones the largest, in pair or irregular (Fig. 12 A – B); in some individuals the central pair is developed into large, irregular leaf-like lobes. Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and roundly angulated. Eyes hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide (Fig. 12 C – D). Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, reaching tergum II. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, very wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length (Fig. 12 A – B). Pedicel more than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with 37 articles. Thorax (Figs 11 E – H, 12 – 13). Surface smooth with very few sparse round short granules and presenting irregular carinae. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, slightly narrower anteriorly; with paramedial granules larger at posterior half (Fig. 12 A – B). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges (Fig. 12 C – D). Profurcasternum round with an anterior trapezoidal region densely covered with short stiff setae (Fig. 12 C). Mesothorax 5 – 5.2 x longer than prothorax; gradually widening posteriorly. Mesonotum, metanotum, mesosternum and metasternum with distinct pair of lateral carinae (Figs 11 E – H, 13 A – B). Meso and metafurcae in ‘ ’ Y’ ’ shape, metafurca wider and shorter than mesofurca. Mesothorax 1.8 x longer than metathorax. Metathorax with irregular sinuous paramedial carinae (Fig. 13 A – B). Metanotum 4.8 – 5.5 x the length of median segment. Legs (Figs 11 E – H, 13 C – H). Anterior legs only slightly shorter than hind legs; mid legs shorter than both. Hind legs considerably exceeding end of the abdomen. Coxae smooth. Profemur slightly longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.8 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying slightly more than one third of the segment (Fig. 11 E). Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying slightly less than one sixth of the length of the segment (Fig. 11 E). Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of short porrect spiniform setae larger in the tibiae (Fig. 13 C – H). Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, one to two in dorsal carinae, three to eight in lateroventral carinae and nine to 12 in the ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae (Fig. 13 F – H). Basitarsi short, pro and metabasitarsi around the same size and mesobasitarsi slightly shorter than the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of spiniform, thick setae (Fig. 13 C – E). Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres (Fig. 13 C – E). Abdomen (Figs 11 E – H, 13 A – B, 14). Surface slightly rugose, with granules and with several carinae (Figs 13 A – B, 14 A – F). Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.2 x the length of the metanotum, bearing two sinuous pairs of paramedial carinae (Fig. 13 A). Terga II – VIII and X longer than wide, IX slightly shorter than wide to as long as wide. Terga II – IX with four to five pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae, X with two pairs and a single medial longitudinal carina. Tergum X with posterior margin undulate forming three round lobes, a medial one slightly shorter to as the same size as the others, and two aside (Fig. 14 A – B); laterally upcurving, shorter not covering the cerci from lateral view (Fig. 14 C – D). Sterna with more setae than terga, bearing two pairs of paramedial carinae. Praeopercular organ developed, swollen, rugose, slightly sclerotised (Fig. 14 E). Subgenital plate convex, with two strong paramedial carinae in posterior three fourths, with round apex, reaching half the length of tergum X or slightly more (Fig. 14 C – F). Cerci very short, centrally widened, apex round or with a wide angulation, ventrally concave, not surpassing the posterior margin of tergum X (Fig. 14 E – F). Paraprocts divided posteriorly, each with round posterior margin (Fig. 14 E). Epiproct wide. Gonapophyses and gonoplac covered by the subgenital plate, all elongate and gradually tapering to a somewhat pointy apex; gonapophyses VIII the longest, gonoplac slightly shorter, upcurving, gonapophyses IX shorter than both (Fig. 14 G). Measurements (in mm), N = 4. Body (without cerci) 60.9 – 73.0, head 3.7 – 4.5, antennae 31.0 – 40.1, pronotum 3.0 – 3.4, mesonotum 15.7 – 19.0, metanotum 7.9 – 9.9, median segment 1.5 – 1.9, abdomen (excluding median segment) 29.1 – 34.4, profemur 16.3 – 19.2, protibia 18.1 – 22.0, mesofemur 13.4 – 15.6, mesotibia 13.8 – 16.8, metafemur 16.2 – 19.8, metatibia 18.8 – 23.7. Egg (Fig. 18). Laterally flattened (Fig. 18 E), oval in lateral view and ellipsoid in dorsal view, opercular collar constricted on the dorsal surface from the end of the micropylar plate to the operculum (Fig. 18 A – D, I); 1.2 – 1.3 x longer than tall and 1.8 – 1.9 x longer than wide. Capsule surface densely granulated with minute wide rounded prominences. Micropylar plate ellipsoid, elongated around 1.5 – 2.2 x longer than wide, with round, parallel or slightly constricted lateral edges (Fig. 18 E – G). Micropylar plate internally flat and smooth. Edge of the micropylar plate raised, prominent and divided into a rougher inner part with a foamy appearance, interrupted by the micropyle, and a narrower outer part, slightly rough, bordering the micropyle, with a smooth inner margin and a rougher outer margin with texture similar to the inner part; these two parts are interrupted by a narrow depression (Fig. 18 E – G). Micropyle oval, with a rounded projection between the inner edges posteriorly bordered by a rounded depression. Median line very short, truncated, thick and continuous with the outer edge of the external part of the micropylar plate (Fig. 18 E – G). Operculum round, with a raised and convex ring with a surface similar to the rest of the capsule in the outer half of the diameter and with a round, smooth central depression (Fig. 18 H). Entirely orange to orangish brown in colour with sparse irregular black dots, micropylar plate surrounded by a creamish rim very short at anterior and posterior edges; with little extension in the anterior and posterior parts; micropylar plaque internally orange darkening towards polar area, inner part of the border ice-coloured and outer part of the border beige to yellowish.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 31). Known from the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, recorded for Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (municipalities of Magé and Teresópolis) and Angra dos Reis, Nova Iguaçu, Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro and Trajano de Moraes in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE162FF92FF4EF885FD45F8B2.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Individuals were only found at 0 – 180 cm above the ground, but mostly near the ground up to 40 cm. Specimens present a still behaviour, never running away, even when disturbed. If disturbed and even during handling, specimens assume camouflage position and remain motionless. A few specimens may take gradual, interrupted steps upon constant handling. Specimens may also spew stomach content or release a light minty scent from their prothoracic glands. In nature, specimens were observed eating a variety of plants, including undetermined Bambusoideae (Poaceae), Asteraceae and Malvaceae plants, and undetermined Mimosoidea (Fabaceae) trees very similar to representatives of the Anadenanthera genus. In captivity, specimens ate garden roses (Rosa spp., Rosaceae), Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), Hibiscus spp., Malvaviscus arboreus, Callianthe picta (Malvaceae), Anadenanthera sp., Calliandra spp., Piptadenia sp. (Mimosoideae: Fabaceae), Psidium guajava, Eugenia uniflora (Myrtaceae), and Passiflora suberosa (Passifloraceae).	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	description	(Figs 19 – 30) >> Holotype, ♂ (MZUSP V 0286): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. PARNA Itatiaia, próx ao alojamento dos pesquisadores, 750 m, 22 ° 27 ’ 10.5 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 33.7 ” W. 08. v. 2019. VM Ghirotto col. Paratypes, ♀ (MZUSP): 1 ♂ (MZUSP V 0044), 1 ♀ (MZUSP V 0043), eggs: Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. P. N. do Itatiaia, 22 ° 26 ’ 07.7 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 46.3 ” W. i. 2017. VM Ghirotto, PABA Neves, PW Engelking, PIC Machado col.; 2 ♂ (MZUSP V 0292, V 0293), 1 ♀ (MZUSP V 0309), eggs: Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. PARNA Itatiaia, próx ao alojamento dos pesquisadores, 750 m, 22 ° 27 ’ 10.5 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 33.7 ” W, on cf. Synedrella nodiflora, Asteraceae. 05. v. 2019. VM Ghirotto, RP Indicatti, EF Trova col.; 1 ♂ juvenile (MZUSP V 0400): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. PARNA Itatiaia, próx ao alojamento dos pesquisadores, 750 m, 22 ° 27 ’ 10.5 ” S 44 ° 36 ’ 33.7 ” W. 07. v. 2019. VM Ghirotto, RP Indicatti col.; 1 ♂ (MZUSP 0262): Brasil. Est do Rio [Rio de Janeiro]. Itatiaia (1.100 mtr.). i. 1972. Dirigns [col.].; 1 ♂ (MZUSP 0282): Brasil. Est do Rio [Rio de Janeiro]. Itatiaia (1.100 mtr.). iv. 1960. Dirigns [col.].; 1 ♂ (MZUSP 0685), 1 subadult ♂ (MZUSP 0686), 2 ♀ (MZUSP 0738, 0783): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, parte baixa. 22 ° 25 ’ 35 ” S 44 ° 37 ’ 05 ” W. 31. x – 2. xi. 2016. P. I. Chiquetto-Machado col.; 2 ♂ (MNRJ-ENT 15 - 17, MNRJ-ENT 15 - 18): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia. PN Itatiaia, parte baixa, ao redor da Casa do Pesquisador. 06 – 08. ii. 2020. P. Souza-Dias, Siqueira, Lima, Borille col.; 1 ♂ (FIOC): Brasil. E. do Rio [Rio de Janeiro]. Itatiaia. 10. viii. [19] 44. J. F. Zikan col; 13 ♂ (PNI 022, PNI 037 – 40, PNI 094), 7 ♀ (PNI 119 – 120, PNI 206, PNI 218 – 221), eggs (FIOC): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, along BR 485 betw. park entrance & Cachoeira de Maromba, 22 ° 45 ’ 97 S 44 ° 59 ’ 91 W – 22 ° 25 ’ 47 S 44 ° 37 ’ 05 W, 720 – 1120 m a. s. l. 30. x. – 06. xi. 2016. OV Conle, FH Hennemann, Uhlig, Y Gutiérrez, P Valero, J Costa, Rodrigues, PABA Neves, PI Chiquetto-Machado, VM Ghirotto, PW Engelking col.; 1 ♀ (FIOC PNI 036): Brasil. Rio de Janeiro. Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, near Lago Azul, 22 ° 27 ’ 10 S 44 ° 36 ’ 36 W, 750 – 780 m a. s. l. 04.11.2016. OV Conle, FH Hennemann, Uhlig, Y Gutiérrez, P Valero, J Costa, Rodrigues, PABA Neves, PI Chiquetto-Machado, VM Ghirotto, PW Engelking col.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from other species of the genus by the more elongate, slightly dorsoventrally compressed head with almost flat vertex and slenderer cerci, that of the male narrower from mid length to apex. Males can also be recognised by a slightly more elongate mesothorax and presence of few granules in the mesonotum. Females can be differentiated from those of the other Exocnophila by the irregularly serrated margin of tergum X. Furthermore, eggs of the new species differ from those of the other species in the genus by its dark, blackish colouration and by the crest in the operculum.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name of the new species refers to its striking dark, blackish eggs, and is composed of the Latin words “ ovum ” meaning egg, in the genitive case, and “ fuscum ”, meaning dark, black. It is to be treated as a noun in the nominative case.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	description	Description Female (Figs. 19 – 24, 30 A – B, D). Colour (Fig. 20). Entirely beige, beige orangish, yellowish beige, dark orange, brown, reddish brown, orangish brown, gray, or dark brown, with or without irregular stains, with or without a longitudinal black line in pronotum to the end of the abdomen interrupted at the mesonotum and abdomen, with or without symmetrical stains of lighter or darker colour mainly near posterior region of mesonotum, metanotum, and in the first abdominal segments. Head with or without a dark longitudinal band bordered by dark beige bands behind the eye. Antennae darker posteriorly and creamish in apical half, with 3 – 4 small black rings at apical one fourth. Head (Fig. 21). Subrectangular, ca. 1.6 – 1.7 x longer than wide, smooth, vertex flat to very slightly convex; slightly dorsoventrally compressed; with few irregular granules dorsally. Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and curved. Eyes slightly less than hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide. Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, reaching tergum II, not exceeding front legs. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, very wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length. Pedicel less than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with 32 – 40 articles. Thorax (Figs 19 – 22 A). Surface smooth with sparse round short granules and presenting irregular carinae (Figs 20 – 21 A). Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, slightly narrower anteriorly; with paramedial granules at posterior half (Fig. 21 A – C). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges (Fig. 21 D). Profurcasternum round with an anterior trapezoidal region somewhat in “ D ” shape, densely covered with short stiff setae (Fig. 21 D). Mesothorax 5.0 – 5.4 x longer than prothorax. Mesonotum, metanotum, mesosternum and metasternum with distinct pair of lateral carinae. Meso and metafurcae in “ Y ” shape, metafurca wider and shorter than mesofurca. Mesothorax 1.9 – 2 x longer than metathorax. Metathorax with irregular sinuous paramedial carinae. Metanotum 4.8 – 5.4 x the length of median segment. Legs (Figs 19 A – B, 22 B – E). Hind legs longer than anterior legs; mid legs shortest. Hind legs considerably exceeding end of the abdomen. Coxae smooth. Profemur slightly shorter to slightly longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.9 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying around one fourth of the segment (Fig. 19 A – B). Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying slightly more than one seventh of the length of the segment (Fig. 19 A – B). Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of short porrect spiniform setae larger and conical in the tibiae (Fig. 22 B – E). Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, one to two in dorsal carinae of mid and hind tibiae, three to seven in all lateroventral carinae and five to 12 in all ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae (Fig. 22 E). Basitarsi short, around the same size of the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of spiniform, thick setae (Fig. 22 B – D). Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres. Abdomen (Figs 19 – 20, 22 – 23). Surface slightly rugose, with granules and with several carinae (Fig. 23). Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.2 x the length of the metanotum, bearing two sinuous pairs of paramedial carinae. Tergum II – III and VIII as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, terga IV – VII longer than wide, and IX – X around as long as wide. Terga II – IX with four to five pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae, X with two pairs and a single medial longitudinal carina. Some individuals with two small fused round granules near posterior margin of tergum II and IV – V, continuous and between the centralmost pair of paramedian carinae, and with thick, wide round lobe at the posterior margin of tergum III (Fig. 23 C). Tergum X with posterior margin irregularly serrated in five to seven serrate lobes, two to four smaller laterally and three dorsally being one medial, in some specimens the three dorsalmost lobes are larger (Figs 23 A – B, 24 A); laterally somewhat straight, posterolaterally sinuous and shorter not covering the cerci (Fig. 24 B). Sterna with more setae than terga, bearing two pairs of paramedial carinae (Fig. 19 C). Praeopercular organ developed, swollen, rugose, slightly sclerotised (Fig. 24 C). Subgenital plate gently convex, with two strong paramedial carinae in posterior four fifths, with round apex, reaching around half the length of tergum X (Fig. 24 B – C). Cerci short, somewhat elongate, centrally gently widened, with roundly lanceolate apex, ventrally concave, reaching the posterior margin of tergum X (Fig. 24 C – D). Paraprocts divided posteriorly, each with round posterior margin. Epiproct wide. Gonapophyses and gonoplac covered by the subgenital plate, all elongate and gradually tapering to a somewhat pointy apex; gonapophyses VIII the longest, gonoplac slightly shorter, gently upcurving, gonapophyses IX shorter than both (Fig. 24 D). Measurements (in mm), N = 4. Body (without cerci) 73.0 – 77.4, head 5.1 – 5.3, antennae 43.3 – 50.8, pronotum 3.3 – 3.4, mesonotum 19.3 – 21.2, metanotum 9.7 – 10.4, median segment 1.9 – 2.0, abdomen (excluding median segment) 33.5 – 35.3, profemur 20.5 – 22.5, protibia 24.1 – 24.5, mesofemur 17.6 – 20.3, mesotibia 19.5 – 21.3, metafemur 20.1 – 24.2, metatibia 26.5 – 28.9. Male (Figs 25 – 28, 30 C). Colour (Figs 25 – 28). Entirely beige, brown, dark brown, gray, or dark green, with or without whitish, blackish, or greenish spots. Head with a dark longitudinal band bordered by two beige bands behind the eye, with or without accompanying dark or beige bands that can also be at posterior half of dorsal surface. Head (Fig. 26). Subrectangular tapering or not towards posterior, ca. 1.6 – 1.8 x longer than wide, slightly dorsoventrally compressed, vertex flat; with irregular granules dorsally mainly in two paramedial rows (Fig. 26 A – E). Frontal convexity developed, frontal suture deep and curved. Eyes large, hemispherical. Labial palp segments wide, maxillary palp segments slightly wide. Clypeus wide, short, sinuous with ventral margin slightly emarginate. Antennae filiform, reaching tergum VII, exceeding front legs. Scapus dorsoventrally compressed, large, wide, longer than wider in dorsolateral view. Scapus with a dorsolateral carina separating dorsal and lateral surfaces, internal margin narrower at posterior edge, posteriorly very slightly round and then straight, external margin wide and round through all its length. Pedicel more than half the length of scapus, longer than wide. Antennae with 43 – 52 articles. Thorax (Figs 25 – 27). Surface smooth with sparse minute setae and few granules, two paramedian near posterior margin in the pronotum, three to eight irregularly scattered paramedially in the anterior two thirds of the mesonotum and two to four in the anterior three fourths of metanotum (Figs 25, 26 A). Pronotum longer than wide, slightly constricted premedially, slightly narrower anteriorly; smooth (Fig. 26 A – E). Probasisternum with longitudinal sulcus, anteriorly narrow, posterolateral margins round; with short stiff setae mainly near lateral edges (Fig. 26 F). Profurcasternum sudquadrate, covered with short stiff setae (Fig. 26 F). Mesothorax 7.1 – 7.3 x longer than prothorax. Meso and metafurcae in ‘ ’ Y’ ’ shape. Mesothorax 1.6 – 1.7 x longer than metathorax. Meso and metanotum with faint longitudinal medial carina. Metanotum 7 – 8 x the length of median segment. Legs (Figs 25, 27 B – C). Hind legs longer than anterior legs; mid legs shortest. Coxae smooth. Profemur considerably longer than mesothorax. Mesofemur around 0.8 – 0.9 x the length of profemur. Profemur with distinct basal curvature occupying around one fifth of the segment (Fig. 25). Metafemur with a basal swelling occupying around one seventh of the length of the segment (Fig. 25). Carinae of femora and tibiae with sparse setae between them and bearing row of porrect spiniform setae larger in the tibiae, longer than those of the female (Fig. 27 B – C). Carinae of tibiae presenting small short spines at the apex, zero to two in dorsal carinae, two to six in lateroventral carinae and four to 12 in the ventral carina, with more spines in mid and hind tibiae (Fig. 27 B – C). Basitarsi short, around the same size than the respective following three tarsomeres combined; ventrally with dense tuft of stiff, porrect setae (Fig. 27 B – C). Euplantulae well developed and present in all tarsomeres. Abdomen (Figs 25, 27 A, 28). Surface smooth, without granules but with carinae. Median segment well marked by a sulcus, around 0.13 x the length of the metanotum. Terga II – X longer than wide. Terga II – VII with two pairs of paramedial longitudinal carinae near lateral margins; IV – VII with further two pairs of faint carinae near centre; II – VIII with a further short longitudinal carinae near anterior margin. Tergum X with one pair of paramedial carinae and a longitudinal medial carina; posterior margin elevated and widely, roundely emarginate into two roundly triangular lobes bearing thorn pads at the apexes (Fig. 28 A). Tergum X very slightly shorter than IX; both slightly shorter than VIII (Fig. 28 A). Tergum VIII widening towards posterior and IX tapering towards posterior; X wider centrally. Sterna with pair of paramedial carinae near lateral margins and IV – VII with a further, faint pair (Fig. 28 A, D). Poculum well developed with angulated posteroventral tip forming a laterally compressed lobe pointing backwards (Fig. 28 B – E); anterior region of sternum IX short. Cerci elongate and dorsoventrally compressed, from mid length tapering towards the apex becoming slightly more cylindrical to a narrower apex (Fig. 28 F – G). Thornpads apart, well developed with 12 – 13 incurved teeth varying in size. Vomer well developed, triangular, terminal hook short, thin, curved upwards (Fig. 28 F). Measurements (in mm), N = 5. Body (without cerci) 67.9 – 73.7, head 2.9 – 3.3, antennae 57.4 – 71.8, pronotum 2.5 – 2.9, mesonotum 18.7 – 20.7, metanotum 10.9 – 12.8, median segment 1.4 – 1.6, abdomen (excluding median segment) 30.9 – 33.1, profemur 22.0 – 25.4, protibia 29.2 – 33.0, mesofemur 19.0 – 22.4, mesotibia 25.3 – 28.6, metafemur 24.0 – 27.2, metatibia 33.3 – 38.1. Egg (Fig. 29). Laterally flattened, oval in lateral view and ellipsoid in dorsal view, opercular collar gently constricted on the dorsal surface from the end of the micropylar plate to the operculum (Fig. 29 A – B); 1.2 – 1.3 x longer than tall and 1.6 – 1.7 x longer than wide. Capsule surface densely covered with minute smooth irregular bumps. Micropylar plate ellipsoid, elongated, with parallel lateral edges. Micropylar plate internally flat with the same surface as the capsule. Edge of the micropylar plate raised, prominent and divided into a rougher inner part with a foamy appearance, interrupted by the micropyle, and a thicker, outer part, slightly rough, bordering the micropyle, with a smooth inner margin and a rougher outer margin with texture similar to the inner part; these two parts are interrupted by a narrow depression (Fig. 29 A – B). Micropyle oval, with a rounded projection between the inner edges posteriorly bordered by a rounded depression. Median line very short, truncated, thick and continuous with the outer edge of the external part of the micropylar plate (Fig. 29 B). Operculum round, border with an irregular, rough crest circling a raised and convex ring with a surface similar to the rest of the capsule in the outer half of the diameter and with a round, smooth central depression (Fig. 29 C). Very shining, capsule and inner part of the operculum black sometimes with dark maroon tints, internal area of the micropylar plate dark caramel, crest of operculum and border of the micropylar plate beige with the innermost rim of the outer part of the border of the micropylar plate light caramel and with the depression between the parts dark beige.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 31). Known only from the type locality, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, Itatiaia Massif, in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil, part of the Mantiqueira mountain range. Specimens were found at 800 – 1500 m a. s. l.	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
DE0CC76FE17FFFA2FF4EF934FAB0FE6E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Stick insects were only found at 0 – 120 cm above the ground, but mostly near the ground up to 40 cm (Fig. 30). Specimens present a still behaviour, never running quickly even when disturbed. If disturbed and even during handling, specimens assume camouflage position (Fig. 30 D) and remain motionless. Specimens may also release a light minty scent from its prothoracic glands. In nature, specimens were observed eating a variety of plants, including undetermined Asteraceae and Malvaceae plants, and Synedrella cf. nodiflora (Asteraceae). In captivity, specimens ate Lantana camara (Verbenaceae), Hibiscus spp. and Malvaviscus arboreus (Malvaceae).	en	Ghirotto, Victor Morais, Conle, Oskar, Hennemann, Frank, Valero, Pablo, Cancello, Eliana M. (2024): On the Brazilian Exocnophila stick insects (Insecta: Phasmatodea), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 5536 (1): 59-98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5536.1.2
