taxonID	type	description	language	source
DE0C2636D323FFC4FF6A337256107E8A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. MNHN-LBIM. C. 1989.1 (holotype / ethanol). Type locality. Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (23 º 00 ’ S – 42 º 00 ’ W). Material examined. UFPEPOR 603, Urca do Minhoto, Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 53 ’ 00 ” S – 36 º 12 ’ 43 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. G. Muricy, 05 / III / 2007. UFPEPOR 604, 608, Urca do Tubarão, Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 50 ’ 52.7 ” S – 36 º 27 ’ 02.1 ” W), depth: 8 m, coll. L. Monteiro, 03 / III / 2007.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D323FFC4FF6A337256107E8A.taxon	description	Description. Sponge bright yellow in life and white to beige in ethanol. The largest specimen collected measures 2.9 x 1.3 x 0.5 cm. The cormus is clathrate, smooth, formed of irregular and loosely anastomosed tubes (Fig. 2 A, B). The aquiferous system is asconoid and water-collecting tubes are absent. The skeleton is composed only of triactines without organization (Fig. 2 C). Spicules (Table 1). Triactines: equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are cylindrical and undulated near the tip, which is rounded [48.0 – 72.1 (± 1.4) – 91.0 / 4.4 (± 0.4) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 2 D). Known distribution. Endemic from Brazil: Pernambuco state (Fernando de Noronha Archipelago; Muricy & Moraes 1998), Rio de Janeiro state (Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro and Angra dos Reis; Solé-Cava et al. 1991, Vilanova et al. 2004, Monteiro & Muricy 2004), and São Paulo state (São Sebastião; Lanna et al. 2007). First record for Rio Grande do Norte state. Ecology. Sponge scyaphilous, living in crevices and overhangs. Some specimens were found associated to hydrozoans and zoanthids (Fig. 2 A).	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D323FFC4FF6A337256107E8A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. So far, C. aurea is the only known species of Clathrina present in the Brazilian coast which is yellow in vivo. It is one of the most widely distributed calcareous sponges in Brazil, occurring from Rio Grande do Norte state to São Paulo state (approximately 3,000 km apart). Another species of Clathrina recorded from Rio Grande do Norte state was Clathrina atlantica (by Borojevic & Peixinho 1976). However, according to Klautau & Valentine (2003) the distribution of C. atlantica is restricted to the Cape Verde Islands; the identification of the specimens described by Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) is doubtful and they should be re-analysed. Anyway, C. atlantica is very different from C. aurea in that it has, besides the triactines, also diactines and two size categories of tetractines. FIGURE 2. Clathrina aurea (UFPEPOR 604). A — in situ photograph of a live specimen; B — close-up of the anastomosis of a preserved specimen; C — skeleton; D — triactine.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D324FFC6FF6A37A156F27C3E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. MNRJ 5827 (holotype / ethanol). Type locality. Alcatrazes Archipelago, São Sebastião, São Paulo state, Brazil (24 ° 06 ' S – 45 ° 41 ' W). Material examined. UFPEPOR 571, Urca do Tubarão, Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 50 ’ 52.7 ” S – 36 º 27 ’ 02.1 ” W), depth: 8 m, coll. G. Muricy, 03 / III / 2007. UFPEPOR 614, Cabeço do Oliveira, Guamaré (04 º 53 ’ 10.9 ” S – 36 º 11 ’ W), depth: 12 m, coll. L. Monteiro, 02 / III / 2007. Other specimen examined for comparison: MNRJ 5827 (holotype), Alcatrazes Archipelago, São Sebastião, São Paulo state, Brazil (24 ° 06 ' S – 45 ° 41 ' W), depth 14 m, coll. E. Hajdu and M. Custódio, 2 / V / 2002.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D324FFC6FF6A37A156F27C3E.taxon	description	Description. Sponge pink with or without white-ringed oscula in life and white to beige in ethanol. The largest specimen measures 8.5 x 8.0 x 8.0 cm. The cormus is massive and lobate, formed of tightly anastomosed tubes and covered by a thin and smooth membrane (Fig. 3 A, B). Consistency is soft and fragile. Oscula are present on top of elevations and are surrounded by the same membrane that covers the cormus. Below FIGURE 3. Leucascus roseus (UFPEPOR 571). A — in situ photograph of a live specimen; B — transversal section of the cormus (cx — cortex, at — atrium); C — tangential section of the cortex; D — tangential section of the atrial wall; Edetail of an apical actine (arrow) projected into the lumen of a tube; F — triactine and tetractine. each osculum there is an atrium without choanoderm, surrounded by a thin membrane. The aquiferous system is leuconoid. The skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines. Triactines are the most abundant spicules of the membrane that covers the cormus (Fig. 3 C), while tetractines are the most abundant spicules of the atrial membrane (Fig. 3 D). Tube walls are composed of triactines and few tetractines. Consequently, most of them are smooth, although hispid lumens are also present (Fig. 3 E). Spicules (Table 2). Triactines: equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are cylindrical and straight, with blunt tips [75.0 – 108.1 (± 1.0) – 129.0 / 11.8 (± 0.1) µm (n = 2 specimens)] (Fig. 3 F). Tetractines: equiangular and equiradiate. Actines of the basal system are cylindrical and straight, with blunt tips [72.0 – 100.6 (± 0.6) – 120.0 / 11.0 (± 0.2) µm (n = 2 specimens)]. The apical actines are cylindrical, curved, with sharp tips [27.0 – 50.3 (± 1.2) – 90.0 / 4.8 (± 0.1) µm (n = 2 specimens)] (Fig. 3 F). Min Mean s Max Mean s Triactine UFPEPOR 571 75.0 107.1 10.0 129.0 11.7 0.9 30 UFPEPOR 614 87.0 109.0 10.0 123.0 11.8 0.8 30 All specimens 75.0 108.1 1.0 129.0 11.8 0.1 - Tetractine UFPEPOR 571 basal 87.0 101.1 7.0 120.0 10.8 1.3 30 UFPEPOR 614 72.0 100.0 8.5 114.0 11.1 1.7 30 All specimens 72.0 100.6 0.6 120.0 11.0 0.2 - UFPEPOR 571 apical 30.0 49.1 7.9 66.0 4.7 0.8 30 UFPEPOR 614 27.0 51.4 14.4 90.0 4.9 0.8 30 All specimens 27.0 50.3 1.2 90.0 4.8 0.1 - Known distribution. Endemic from Brazil: São Paulo state (São Sebastião; Lanna et al. 2007). First record for Rio Grande do Norte state. Ecology. Sponge photophilous, living on vertical substrata. Some specimens were associated to algae and hydrozoans.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D324FFC6FF6A37A156F27C3E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Only two species of Leucascus, L. roseus and L. simplex Dendy, 1892, were previously reported from Brazil (Borojevic & Peixinho 1976; Muricy et al. 1991). The skeleton of both species is composed of only one type of triactine and one of tetractine. Leucascus roseus differs from L. simplex by its pink colour, the cylindrical shape of its actines, the length of the apical actine of the tetractines (which is shorter in L. simplex), and the higher abundance of tetractines in its skeleton. Leucascus roseus was previously recorded only from São Sebastião (São Paulo state), its type locality (Lanna et al. 2007), located approximately 2,300 Km far from Potiguar Basin. The abundance of tetractines in the external membrane was highly variable in L. roseus. In the specimen UFPEPOR 614, only one tetractine was found in the external membrane.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D326FFC8FF6A3542504F7C98.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Haeckel’s original specimens of L. floridana are lost (Burton 1963). Type locality. Florida (U. S. A.). Material examined. UFPEPOR 200, 201, 202, Potiguar Basin, station A 4 (04 º 37 ’ 31.7 ” S – 36 º 46 ’ 00.7 ” W), depth: 70 – 101 m, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling, 14 / XI / 2003. UFPEPOR 540, Risca das Bicudas, Caissaras, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 57 ’ 00.9 ” S – 36 º 07 ’ 49.7 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. F. Moraes, 05 / III / 2007. UFPEPOR 634, Urca do Tubarão, Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 50 ’ 52.7 ” S – 36 º 27 ’ 02.1 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. G. Muricy, 03 / III / 2007. UFPEPOR 610, Risca das Bicudas, Caissaras, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 57 ’ 00.9 ” S – 36 º 07 ’ 49.7 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. G. Muricy, 05 / III / 2007.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D326FFC8FF6A3542504F7C98.taxon	description	Description. Sponges light blue in life and beige to dark brown in ethanol. They are relatively large, massive, and lobate (Fig. 4 A). The largest specimen measures 8.0 x 8.0 x 3.0 cm. Consistency is hard, often incompressible, texture is rough, and surface is ridged. The osculum is localised on the top of elevations and has no crown. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, with subspherical chambers and atrial cavity with circular openings of the exhalant canals (Fig. 4 B). The skeleton has no special organisation. It is composed of two size categories of equiangular and equiradiate triactines (I and II) and tetractines (I and II) (Fig. 4 C). The most abundant spicules are the small triactines (triactines I), while the largest category of tetractines (tetractines II) is very rare in some specimens. Triactines II and tetractines II are mainly concentrated in the cortex, laying tangentially to the surface (Fig 4 C), with the apical actine of tetractines penetrating the choanosome. Triactines II and tetractines II are also present in the choanosome, but the most abundant spicules in that region are the triactines I. Triactines I and tetractines I form the walls of subcortical lacunae, choanosomal canals, and the atrium, where they are mainly sagittal. The apical actine of tetractines I, which can be conical or cylindrical, protrudes into exhalant canals and into the atrium (Fig. 4 D). Spicules (Table 3). Triactines I: equiradiate and equiangular or slightly sagittal. Actines are conical, with blunt tips [98.8 – 148.5 (± 12.8) – 210.6 / 14.8 (± 1.0) µm (n = 6 specimens)] (Fig. 4 E). Triactines II: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical, with sharp tips [184.1 – 460.7 (± 74.6) – 920.5 / 57.2 (± 13.0) µm (n = 6 specimens)] (Fig. 4 F). Tetractines I: equiradiate and equiangular or slightly sagittal. Actines are cylindrical or conical, with sharp tips [90.0 – 140.3 (± 10.2) – 210.0 / 13.8 (± 0.9) µm (n = 6 specimens)]. The apical actine is shorter than the basal ones, straight, conical and sharp [18.2 – 45.4 (± 11.0) – 105.0 / 6.8 (± 0.9) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 4 G). Tetractines II: equiradiate and equiangular, rare. Actines are conical, with sharp tips [666.9 – 815.1 (± 130.7) – 938.6 / 135.9 (± 12.4) µm (n = 1 specimen, 5 spicules)] (Fig. 4 H). Known distribution. Atlantic Ocean: U. S. A. (Florida; Haeckel 1872), Bermuda (de Laubenfels 1950), Jamaica (Lehnert & van Soest 1998), Brazil (Abrolhos Archipelago; Tanita 1942; NE and SE coasts: Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas Atoll, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo; Borojevic & Peixinho 1976), Wasin (East Africa; Jenkin 1908; to be confirmed). Ecology. Sponge photophilous, living on horizontal substrata. Some specimens were found associated to Agelas sp. (Demospongiae).	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D326FFC8FF6A3542504F7C98.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Borojevic & Peixinho (1976) identified specimens from Brazil (including Rio Grande do Norte state) as Leucetta microraphis Haeckel, 1872, since L. floridana had been synonymised to L. microraphis by Burton (1963). In 2000, Borojevic & Klautau suggested that this synonymy should be revised, and that L. floridana probably had an Atlantic distribution, while L. microraphis would be restricted to the Pacific. Recently, Va ld e rr am a et al. (in press) have compared, through DNA sequencing (ribosomal transcribed spacers, ITS 1 and ITS 2) and morphological analyses, samples of Leucetta cf. floridana from the Atlantic (Caribbean and Brazil) with Leucetta microraphis from the Pacific (Australia and New Caledonia). Both molecular and morphological results confirmed the validity of L. floridana and its presence in the Caribbean and Brazil. Moreover, a second species of Leucetta in Brazil was found. This new species is described next. Min Mean s Max Mean s Triactine I UFPEPOR 200 140.4 160.7 11.4 187.2 15.0 2.3 30 UFPEPOR 201 114.4 146.0 17.8 174.2 14.8 2.1 20 UFPEPOR 202 126.0 160.8 16.1 192.0 16.3 1.9 30 UFPEPOR 540 110.0 131.8 13.1 175.0 13.2 1.7 30 UFPEPOR 610 98.8 159.8 25.5 210.6 14.0 2.4 30 UFPEPOR 634 109.3 131.9 13.0 182.2 15.5 2.1 30 All specimens 98.8 148.5 12.8 210.6 14.8 1.0 - Triactine II	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D326FFC8FF6A3542504F7C98.taxon	description	UFPEPOR 200 325.5 453.1 82.4 577.5 48.0 13.1 20 UFPEPOR 201 184.1 581.2 246.2 920.5 61.8 29.6 20 UFPEPOR 202 234.0 456.8 184.8 795.0 53.2 33.5 30 UFPEPOR 540 271.7 523.6 184.9 839.8 79.7 35.5 20 UFPEPOR 610 283.5 371.4 51.6 504.0 38.2 12.0 30 UFPEPOR 634 220.0 377.8 161.7 870.0 62.5 32.3 30 All specimens 184.1 460.7 74.6 920.5 57.2 13.0 - Tetractine I UFPEPOR 200 basal 117.0 152.6 18.8 192.4 13.4 1.7 20 UFPEPOR 201 109.2 139.1 17.9 182.0 13.5 1.5 20 UFPEPOR 202 90.0 150.8 28.6 210.0 14.1 3.0 30 UFPEPOR 540 105.0 130.9 15.8 160.0 12.5 2.3 30 UFPEPOR 610 106.6 144.3 16.2 169.0 15.5 2.9 30 UFPEPOR 634 97.2 124.4 16.7 160.4 13.5 2.2 30 All specimens 90.0 140.3 10.2 210.0 13.8 0.9 - UFPEPOR 200 apical 28.6 48.1 9.3 65.0 5.6 2.8 20 UFPEPOR 201 18.2 30.8 8.1 46.8 7.7 2.4 20 UFPEPOR 202 27.0 57.4 22.3 105.0 7.0 1.7 30 All specimens 18.2 45.4 11.0 105.0 6.8 0.9 - Tetractine II UFPEPOR 540 basal 666.9 815.1 130.7 938.6 135.9 12.4 5	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D328FFCCFF6A355754787806.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leucetta light pink with white elevated oscula, and atrium frequently reduced to a system of exhalant canals that open directly into the osculum. Surface is smooth and the skeleton is composed of two size categories of triactines and tetractines. FIGURE 4. Leucetta floridana (UFPEPOR 200). A — live specimen in situ; B — transversal section of the body (cx — cortex, at — atrium); C — tangential section of the cortex; D — apical actines of tetractines penetrating the atrium; E — triactine I; F — triactine II; G — tetractine I; H — tetractine II.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D328FFCCFF6A355754787806.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. (EXAMINED) HOLOTYPE: UFPEPOR 569, Urca do Tubarão, Guamaré (04 º 50 ’ 52.7 ” S – 36 º 27 ’ 02.1 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. G. Muricy, 04 / III / 2007. PARATYPES: UFPEPOR 588, Risca das Bicudas, Caissaras, Rio Grande do Norte state (04 º 57 ’ 00.9 ” S – 36 º 07 ’ 49.7 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. F. Moraes, 05 / III / 2007. UFPEPOR 591, Risca das Bicudas, Caissaras (04 º 57 ’ 00.9 ” S – 36 º 07 ’ 49.7 ” W), depth: 10 m, coll. G. Muricy, 05 / III / 2007. Type locality. Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D328FFCCFF6A355754787806.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The adjective potiguar derives from the Native Brazilian tribe which inhabited Rio Grande do Norte state. In Tupi language, potiguar means “ shrimp eater ”, in reference to the major item in the diet of that tribe.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D328FFCCFF6A355754787806.taxon	description	Description. Light pink sponge with white-ringed oscula in life, becoming white to beige in ethanol. Shape massive and lobate (Fig. 5 A). The largest specimen is 4.0 x 5.0 x 2.0 cm. Surface is smooth. Oscula are without crown but elevated and white-ringed; they are dispersed over the surface of the lobes (Fig. 5 A). Atrial cavity is frequently absent or strongly reduced. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, with spherical choanocyte chambers. The skeleton has no special organisation (Fig. 5 B). There are two size categories of equiangular and equiradiate triactines (I and II) and tetractines (I and II) (Figs. 5 B-G). Triactines I are the most abundant spicules while giant tetractines (tetractines II) are very rare (often absent). The atrial skeleton is composed of tetractines I. Spicules (Table 4). Triactines I: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical with sharp tips [72.8 – 142.9 (± 6.9) – 182.0 / 13.9 (± 0.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 5 C). Triactines II: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical with sharp tips [145.6 – 546.6 (± 62.9) – 1,102.5 / 68.4 (± 10.9) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 5 D). Tetractines I: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical and sharp. The basal actines are straight or curved [98.8 – 155.9 (± 15.1) – 214.5 / 15.3 (± 1.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)]. The apical actine is conical or cylindrical and sharp [33.8 – 80.4 (± 44.7) – 243.0 / 5.7 (± 2.2) µm (n = 1 specimen, 21 spicules)] (Fig. 5 E – F). Tetractines II: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical with sharp tips [236.3 – 524.6 (± 154.4) – 766.5 / 68.6 (± 13.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)]. The apical actine is shorter than the basal ones, straight, conical and sharp (Fig. 5 G). FIGURE 5. Leucetta potiguar sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 569). A — live specimen in situ; B — transversal section of the body; C — triactine I; D — triactine II; E, F — tetractine I; G — tetractine II. Known distribution. Brazil: Rio Grande do Norte (Potiguar Basin) and Ceará (Valderrama et al. in press as Leucetta sp.). Ecology. Sponge photophilous, living on horizontal substrata. Some specimens were found associated to hydrozoans.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D328FFCCFF6A355754787806.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Molecular analyses showed high levels of genetic divergence between the new species and L. floridana (2.4 to 3.1 %; Valderrama et al. in press), suggesting that they are different species. Leucetta potiguar sp. nov. is morphologically similar to L. floridana, from which it can be distinguished by its colour in vivo (light pink), surface (smooth), oscula (white-ringed, elevated) and its atrium frequently absent or reduced, whereas L. floridana is light blue and has a rough, ridged surface, simple, flush oscula, and a large atrium. The only other species of Leucetta in the Atlantic is L. imberbis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864). The original description of that species reported the presence of only triactines in its skeleton, but Burton (1963) mentioned also the presence of tetractines. However, even if L. imberbis has tetractines as L. potiguar sp. nov., a very important characteristic that differentiates them is the pink colour of our species, while L. imberbis is white alive.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32CFFCFFF6A3120567D78A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. No type material was designated for this species (Burton 1963). Type locality. Florida (U. S. A.). Material examined. UFPEPOR 140, station A 4 (04 º 37 ’ 31.7 ” S – 36 º 46 ’ 00.7 ” W), depth: 70 – 101 m, 14 / V / 2003, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling. UFPEPOR 199, station A 4 (04 º 37 ’ 31.7 ” S – 36 º 46 ’ 00.7 ” W), depth: 61 – 160 m, 14 / XI / 2003, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling. UFPEPOR 325, station A 19 b (04 ° 48 ’ 32.3 ” S – 36 ° 11 ’ 56.4 ” W), depth: 64 – 72 m, 24 / V / 2004, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32CFFCFFF6A3120567D78A6.taxon	description	Description. Colour is unknown in vivo. The preserved specimens were light pink, brown or beige. The largest specimen is 7.5 x 3.0 x 1.7 cm. The shape is massive and lobate (Fig. 6 A). Surface is slightly hispid and rough due to the presence of giant cortical triactines and tetractines. Oscula are surrounded by a thin membrane and localised on the top of lobes. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, composed of elongated canals radially arranged around the atrium, which is large and perforated by several exhalant canals. The cortical skeleton is thick (189 – 252 µm), composed of tangential giant triactines and tetractines (Fig. 6 B). The apical actine of these cortical tetractines crosses the entire choanosome, frequently penetrating the atrium (Fig. 6 C). The choanoskeleton is composed of small regular triactines and tetractines scattered without organisation (Fig. 6 D). These spicules become very sagittal around the atrium with the apical actine of the tetractines penetrating into it. Spicules (Table 5). Cortical triactines: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines are conical with blunt tips [194.6 – 358.5 (± 24.1) – 542.1 / 39.3 (± 7.3) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 6 E). Cortical tetractines: equiradiate and equiangular. Actines of the basal system are conical with blunt tips [336.0 – 722.0 (± 57.3) – 1,050.0 / 96.0 (± 10.3) µm (n = 3 specimens)]. The apical actine is shorter than the basal ones, straight, smooth, conical, and sharp (Fig. 6 F). Choanosomal and atrial triactines: equiangular and equiradiate or sagittal. Basal actines are cylindrical with rounded tips. The sagittal triactines are concentrated in the atrium, while the regular ones are scattered in the choanosome [regular: 36.0 – 54.7 (± 4.1) – 101.4 / 4.2 (± 1.3) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Figs. 6 G – H). Choanosomal and atrial tetractines: equiangular and equiradiate or sagittal. Actines are cylindrical and tips are rounded. The apical actine is thinner and longer than the basal ones, cylindrical, smooth, and sharp. The sagittal tetractines are concentrated in the atrium, while the regular ones are dispersed in the choanosome [regular: 37.5 – 50.8 (± 2.6) – 62.4 / 3.3 (± 0.4) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [sagittal, paired: 39.0 – 59.9 (± 9.7) – 85.8 / 4.8 (± 1.0) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [sagittal, unpaired: 26.0 – 41.5 (± 3.1) – 59.8 / 5.2 (± 1.2) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [sagittal, apical: 26.0 – 55.7 (± 8.8) – 84.0 / 5.0 (± 0.7) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Figs. 6 I – J). Min Mean s Max Mean s Cortical triactine FIGURE 6. Leucaltis clathria (UFPEPOR 199). A — preserved specimen; B — tangential section of the cortical membrane; C — transversal section of the cormus (cx — cortex, at — atrium, arrow points to the tip of the apical actine of a cortical tetractine); D — transversal section of the cormus; E — cortical triactine; F — cortical tetractine; G — choanosomal triactine; H — choanosomal sagittal triactine; I — choanosomal sagittal tetractine (p — paired actines, u — unpaired actines); J — atrial tetractine (a — apical actine, p — paired actine). Known distribution. Cosmopolitan. Atlantic Ocean: U. S. A. (Florida) (Haeckel 1872), Bermuda (Poléjaeff 1883), Portugal (Hanitsch 1895), and Brazil (N, NE and SE coasts: Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Alagoas, Sergipe, Espírito Santo, and Rocas Atoll; Borojevic & Peixinho 1976). Indian Ocean: Seychelles Islands (Ridley 1884, Dendy 1913, Hôzawa 1940), Cargados Carajos Shoals (Dendy 1913), and Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon, Dendy 1905). Pacific Ocean: Japan (Tanita 1943), Australia (Poléjaeff 1883, Wörheide & Hooper 1999), and New Caledonia (Borojevic & Klautau 2000). Ecology. No epibionts were found associated to sponges of this species.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32CFFCFFF6A3120567D78A6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The cosmopolitanism of L. clathria was questioned by Wörheide & Hooper (1999) and Borojevic & Klautau (2000), who suggested that its widespread distribution was probably an artefact caused by a very conservative morphological taxonomy. In Brazil, this species was recorded from Rio Grande do Norte, Rocas Atoll, Pará, Ceará, Alagoas, Sergipe, and Espírito Santo states (Borojevic & Peixinho 1976). Populations of L. clathria should be genetically analysed to verify the allegedly conspecificity of Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans populations. However, in the current absence of molecular data, we identify the Brazilian species as L. clathria based on its morphological similarities to Haeckel’s (1872) description and the geographical proximity to the type locality (Florida, U. S. A.).	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32FFFD0FF6A367F575D7D56.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. UFRJPOR 4878 (holotype / ethanol). Type locality. Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. (23 º 40 ’ S – 44 º 40 ’ W) Material examined. UFPEPOR 595, Guamaré Harbour, Guamaré, Rio Grande do Norte state (05 º 06 ’ 21.6 ” S – 36 º 19 ’ 01.6 ” W), depth: 2 m, coll. G. Muricy, SCUBA, 01 / III / 2007.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32FFFD0FF6A367F575D7D56.taxon	description	Description. The collected specimen was white alive and in ethanol, and it measures 3.2 x 1.2 x 0.7 cm. It is massive and vasiform (Fig. 7 A). Its consistency is hard and slightly compressible. Surface is hispid, rough, and ornamented by giant diactines (Fig. 7 B). A single apical osculum surrounded by a crown of trichoxeas is present. Below the osculum there is a large atrium with oval openings of exhalant canals in its walls. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, with spherical choanocyte chambers. The cortical skeleton is composed of tangentially disposed triactines, large diactines, and rare microdiactines. The large diactines and the microdiactines protrude through the surface. Sometimes, the large diactines cross the entire choanosome, reaching the atrium (Fig. 7 C). The choanosomal skeleton is composed of triactines without organisation (Fig. 7 B). Tetractines are found surrounding canals and projecting their apical actine into them. The atrial skeleton is composed of sagittal tetractines that project their apical actine into the atrial cavity (Fig. 7 D). Spicules (Table 6). Cortical diactines: fusiform, usually straight but sometimes undulated, and strongly sharp [300.0 – 822.0 (± 340.9) – 1,395.0 / 34.5 (± 9.7) µm (n = 1 specimen, 15 spicules)] (Fig. 7 E). Cortical microdiactines: fusiform, slightly jagged at the tip that protrudes through the surface. Both tips are sharp [63.0 – 110.2 (± 23.0) – 154.5 / 2.8 (± 0.5) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)] (Fig. 7 F). Cortical triactines: subregular, with actines of different sizes. These actines are conical and sharp [paired actines: 135.0 – 223.3 (± 43.7) – 306.0 / 9.8 (± 2.2) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)], [unpaired actine: 60.0 – 190.2 (± 84.4) – 375.0 / 10.1 (± 2.1) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)] (Fig. 7 G). Choanosomal triactines: sub-regular with the unpaired actine longer than the paired ones. Actines are cylindrical and sharp [paired actines: 156.0 – 294.0 (± 63.9) – 426.0 / 26.8 (± 6.0) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)], [unpaired actine: 78.0 – 193.2 (± 63.0) – 390.0 / 28.4 (± 5.9) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)] (Fig. 7 H). Tetractines of canals: Sagittal. Paired actines are slightly larger than the unpaired one. Basal actines are cylindrical with sharp ends (Fig. 7 I). The apical actine is sharp [paired actines: 90.0 – 164.3 (± 32.2) – 213.0 / 9.8 (± 2.1) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)], [unpaired actine: 75.0 – 136.0 (± 41.5) – 240.0 / 11.2 (± 2.1) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)], [apical actine: 30.0 – 46.2 (± 13.9) – 75.0 / 7.2 (± 2.0) µm (n = 1 specimen, 12 spicules)]. Atrial tetractines: sagittal. Paired actines are larger than the unpaired one. Basal actines are cylindrical, with sharp tips. The apical actine is shorter than the basal ones, conical, sharp, and smooth [paired actines: 90.0 – 148.8 (± 34.8) – 198.0 / 7.4 (± 2.0) µm (n = 1 specimen, 13 spicules)], [unpaired actine: 45.0 – 60.5 (± 16.6) – 129.0 / 6.2 (± 1.0) µm (n = 1 specimen, 30 spicules)], [apical actine: 18.0 – 30.0 (± 17.0) – 42.0 / 3.7 (± 3.2) µm (n = 1 specimen, 2 spicules)] (Fig. 7 J). TABLE 6. Spicule measurements of Leucandra serrata (UFPEPOR 595) (individual actines, in Μm); s, standard deviation. Spicules Actines Length Width n Min Mean s Max Mean s Known distribution. Endemic from Brazil: Angra dos Reis (Rio de Janeiro state; Azevedo & Klautau 2007). First record from Rio Grande do Norte state. Ecology. In Potiguar Basin, Leucandra serrata was found in a harbour environment, subjected to high sedimentation. Photophilous.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D32FFFD0FF6A367F575D7D56.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Leucandra serrata was originally described from Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro state, in SE Brazil (Azevedo & Klautau 2007). The presence of jagged microdiactines was conclusive to identify it as L. serrata, although spicules of the specimen from Potiguar Basin are a little shorter than those from Rio de Janeiro (Azevedo & Klautau 2007)	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Paraleucilla with spherical or subspherical shape, colour white or beige, and skeletal architecture typical of the genus; its most remarkable characteristic is the presence of microdiactines in the choanosomal skeleton.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. (EXAMINED) HOLOTYPE: UFPEPOR 417, station A 21 (04 ° 57 ’ 49.7 ” S – 36 ° 19 ’ 16.1 ” W), depth: 13 – 14 m, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling, 19 / V / 2004. PARA- TYPES: UFPEPOR 430, station A 12 (04 ° 58 ’ 20.8 ” S – 36 ° 27 ’ 39.5 ” W), depth: 11 – 12 m, coll. R / V Astro Garoupa, trawling, 21 / V / 2004; UFPEPOR 564, near station A 16 (04 ° 48 ’ 08.8 ” S – 36 ° 26 ’ 38.5 ” W), depth 20 m, coll. G. Muricy, SCUBA, 03 / III / 2007. Type locality. Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	etymology	Etymology. from Latin sphaera (= sphere, globe). It refers to the spherical shape of most specimens.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	description	Description. White or beige alive and in ethanol. The largest specimen collected measures 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.4 cm. This species has a subspherical to spherical shape (Fig. 8 A) with one apical osculum surrounded by a fringe of trichoxeas (Fig. 8 B). The surface is smooth, but rough to touch and the consistency is brittle. The atrium is small and has circular openings of the exhalant canals of the leuconoid aquiferous system. Choanocyte chambers are spherical. The cortical skeleton is composed of the basal system of tetractines (Fig. 8 C). The choanosomal skeleton is divided in an inarticulate region (outer region) and a zone without organisation (inner region) (Fig. 8 D). The outer region is formed by the apical actine of the cortical tetractines and by the unpaired actine of subatrial triactines and few tetractines (Fig. 8 E). The inner region has scattered triactines and tetractines similar to those of the subatrial skeleton (Fig. 8 F). Microdiactines are also common in this inner region (Fig. 8 G), but they were sometimes found also in the cortex. The atrial skeleton is composed of triactines and tetractines. The apical actine of the tetractines penetrates the atrial cavity (Fig. 8 F). Spicules (Table 7). Cortical tetractines: sagittal. Paired actines are longer than the unpaired one. Actines are conical and sharp. The apical actine is conical, undulated, sharp, and slightly longer than the basal actines [paired actines: 125.1 – 352.1 (± 41.5) – 600.0 / 35.3 (± 4.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [unpaired actine: 152.9 – 376.6 (± 28.6) – 583.8 / 36.1 (± 3.6) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [apical actine: 125.1 – 422.1 (± 68.8) – 653.3 / 39.9 (± 6.9) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Figs. 9 A, B). Subatrial triactines: sagittal. These spicules are more abundant than the subatrial tetractines. Paired actines are shorter than the unpaired one. Actines are conical, straight, and sharp. Sometimes the paired actines are undulated [paired actines: 111.2 – 248.2 (± 7.3) – 514.3 / 18.0 (± 0.7) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [unpaired actine: 166.8 – 354.0 (± 31.5) – 639.4 / 20.8 (± 0.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 9 C). Subatrial tetractines: sagittal. Basal actines are almost the same size. They are conical, slightly undulated or straight, and sharp. The apical actine is conical, smooth, undulated, and sharp [paired actines: 194.6 – 331.5 (± 39.7) – 514.3 / 30.0 (± 5.2) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [unpaired actine: 152.9 – 349.6 (± 28.1) – 528.2 / 31.8 (± 3.8) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [apical actine: 41.7 – 80.6 (± 9.7) – 166.8 / 25.4 (± 5.2) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 9 D). Atrial triactines: sagittal. Paired actines are longer than the unpaired one. Actines are cylindrical and sharp, and the paired actines are slightly undulated while the unpaired one is straight [paired actines: 97.3 – 164.2 (± 12.0) – 264.1 / 15.6 (± 1.3) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [unpaired actine: 55.6 – 127.9 (± 3.0) – 208.5 / 14.6 (± 1.1) µm (n = 3 specimens)]. Atrial tetractines: sagittal. Paired actines are longer than the unpaired one. Actines are cylindrical and sharp, and the paired actines are slightly undulated while the unpaired one is straight. The apical actine is conical, smooth, straight or curved, and sharp [paired actines: 97.3 – 245.6 (± 31.1) – 347.5 / 10.5 (± 1.6) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [unpaired actine: 83.4 – 205.7 (± 12.7) – 361.4 / 11.2 (± 1.5) µm (n = 3 specimens)], [apical actine: 27.8 – 61.0 (± 13.5) – 139.0 / 8.7 (± 0.6) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 9 E). Choanosomal and cortical microdiactines: fusiform, undulated, and sharp [94.5 – 177.5 (± 5.8) – 315.0 / 9.0 (± 1.2) µm (n = 3 specimens)] (Fig. 9 F). Trichoxeas: very thin, straight spicules [208.5 – 476.5 (± 61.9) – 722.8 / 5.0 (± 0.8) µm (n = 3 specimens)]. Ecology. This species was found associated to the calcareous algae Bryothamniom triquetum.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Paraleucilla sphaerica sp. nov. is similar to four known species: P. proteus (Dendy, 1913), P. crosslandi (Row, 1909), P. princeps (Row & Hôzawa, 1931), and P. perlucida Azevedo & Klautau, 2007. The species most similar to P. s p h a e r i c a sp. nov. is P. proteus. Both have the same spicular composition, but the presence of microdiactines in the cortical and choanosomal skeletons of P. sphaerica sp. nov. distinguishes them. Additionally, subatrial triactines and cortical tetractines are larger in the new species than in P. proteus. P. crosslandi has triactines and two types of tetractines in the cortical skeleton, while P. sphaerica sp. nov. has no triactines and only one type of cortical tetractines. Also, P. crosslandi possesses only triactines in the subatrial skeleton and in the organized zone, while P. sphaerica sp. nov. has both triactines and tetractines. FIGURE 8. Paraleucilla sphaerica sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 417). A — preserved holotype; B — detail of the oscular fringe composed of trichoxeas; C — tangential section of the cortex; D — transversal section of the body (ir — inner region, or — outer region); E — transversal section of the outer region; F — transversal section of the inner region (at — atrium); G — microdiactines in the choanosome (arrowheads).	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	description	FIGURE 9. Spicules of Paraleucilla sphaerica sp. nov. (UFPEPOR 417) A, B — cortical tetractine; C — subatrial triactine; D — subatrial tetractine; E — atrial tetractine; F — microdiactine (p — paired actines, u — unpaired actine, a — apical actine).	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
DE0C2636D332FFD6FF6A328257F07D28.taxon	description	Min Mean s Max Mean s Cortical tetractines UFPEPOR 417 (H) paired 225.0 320.0 79.5 600.0 29.5 8.3 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 125.1 325.7 71.4 444.8 35.9 12.4 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 278.0 410.7 73.0 528.2 40.6 10.4 20 All specimens 125.1 352.1 41.5 600.0 35.3 4.5 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) unpaired 165.0 358.5 65.3 480.0 31.5 7.2 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 152.9 354.5 79.5 486.5 36.4 11.1 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 208.5 417.0 108.7 583.8 40.3 8.9 20 All specimens 152.9 376.6 28.6 583.8 36.1 3.6 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) apical 333.6 453.1 76.8 597.7 33.1 8.1 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 125.1 326.7 117.1 528.2 37.2 8.2 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 333.6 486.5 98.4 653.3 49.3 8.4 20 All specimens 125.1 422.1 68.8 653.3 39.9 6.9 - Subatrial triactines UFPEPOR 417 (H) paired 139.0 243.2 54.3 361.4 17.6 7.2 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 111.2 242.8 61.7 389.2 17.4 5.2 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 166.8 258.5 80.3 514.3 19.0 9.5 30 All specimens 111.2 248.2 7.3 514.3 18.0 0.7 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) unpaired 180.7 337.7 89.7 528.2 20.4 7.9 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 166.8 326.2 60.7 430.9 20.5 5.3 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 194.6 398.0 99.9 639.4 21.5 10.0 30 All specimens 166.8 354.0 31.5 639.4 20.8 0.5 - Subatrial tetractines UFPEPOR 417 (H) paired 194.6 321.5 67.3 444.8 27.8 5.7 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 194.6 288.7 55.0 417.0 25.0 5.7 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 222.4 384.3 89.8 514.3 37.2 10.4 20 All specimens 194.6 331.5 39.7 514.3 30.0 5.2 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) unpaired 236.6 344.2 64.0 472.6 29.6 5.1 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 208.5 318.3 60.2 458.7 28.6 4.4 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 152.9 386.4 92.2 528.2 37.2 10.4 20 All specimens 152.9 349.6 28.1 528.2 31.8 3.8 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) apical 41.7 89.9 32.6 166.8 22.2 5.9 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 41.7 67.2 22.5 125.1 21.3 5.5 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 41.7 84.8 35.5 166.8 32.7 8.5 20 All specimens 41.7 80.6 9.7 166.8 25.4 5.2 - Atrial triactines UFPEPOR 417 (H) paired 125.1 174.2 34.1 250.2 14.8 3.5 30 ...... continue Spicule Actine Length Width n Min Mean s Max Mean s UFPEPOR 430 (P) 111.2 171.0 30.8 236.3 14.5 2.8 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 97.3 147.3 39.9 264.1 17.4 4.9 20 All specimens 97.3 164.2 12.0 264.1 15.6 1.3 80 UFPEPOR 417 (H) unpaired 69.5 124.1 29.1 166.8 15.7 4.8 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 55.6 128.3 34.8 208.5 15.0 2.2 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 69.5 131.3 39.7 208.5 13.1 2.5 20 All specimens 55.6 127.9 3.0 208.5 14.6 1.1 - Atrial tetractines UFPEPOR 417 (H) paired 152.9 265.9 44.8 347.5 9.5 3.4 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 125.1 201.6 42.5 319.7 12.8 2.3 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 97.3 269.2 50.4 333.6 9.3 3.3 30 All specimens 97.3 245.6 31.1 347.5 10.5 1.6 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) unpaired 97.3 223.3 58.6 347.5 10.4 3.5 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 83.4 194.1 61.4 333.6 13.2 2.0 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 83.4 199.7 68.9 361.4 9.9 3.5 30 All specimens 83.4 205.7 12.7 361.4 11.2 1.5 - UFPEPOR 417 (H) apical 41.7 73.6 17.5 111.2 8.5 3.0 30 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 27.8 42.2 11.2 69.5 8.0 2.0 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 41.7 67.2 26.3 139.0 9.5 3.4 30 All specimens 27.8 61.0 13.5 139.0 8.7 0.6 - Trichoxea UFPEPOR 417 (H) 403.1 546.3 93.7 722.8 5.5 2.4 20 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 262.5 395.9 68.0 546.0 3.9 1.1 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 208.5 487.2 126.7 695.0 5.6 1.9 20 All specimens 208.5 476.5 61.9 722.8 5.0 0.8 - Microdiactine UFPEPOR 417 (H) 94.5 173.2 69.2 252.0 7.3 2.6 0 6 UFPEPOR 430 (P) 94.5 185.7 53.9 315.0 9.8 2.3 30 UFPEPOR 564 (P) 115.5 173.6 37.7 231.0 9.8 1.0 13 All specimens 94.5 177.5 5.8 315.0 9.0 1.2 - The genus Paraleucilla has now three species known from the Atlantic Ocean, all of them occurring in the Brazilian coast: P. magna from Rio de Janeiro (Klautau et al. 2004) and P. perlucida from Angra dos Reis (Azevedo & Klautau 2007), both in Rio de Janeiro state, and P. sphaerica sp. nov. from Rio Grande do Norte state. All other five species of Paraleucilla (P. proteus, P. crosslandi, P. princeps, P. saccharata, and P. cucumis) are distributed in the Indo-Pacific region.	en	Lanna, Emilio, Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Cardoso, Lilian, Muricy, Guilherme, Klautau, Michelle (2009): Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185084
