taxonID	type	description	language	source
DE292E1AFFE1FFA2ADE23075F587C729.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Dissected adult female, body length 2.39 mm. ZMH Reg. no. K – 41630. Collected on 28 July 2000 by the DIVA – I expedition above the sea bed at abyssal depths (5390 m). Paratypes, body length 2.23 – 2.47 mm. ZMH Reg. no. K – 41631, 9 adult females, the same label data as for the holotype; ZIN – 91092, 8 adult females. Collected 25 July 2000 by the DIVA – I expedition in the South Atlantic (17 º 06.2 ’ S 04 º 41.7 ’ E), above the sea bed at abyssal depth (5415 m). Additional material: 9 females, body length 2.10 – 2.30 mm, collected in the South Atlantic from the equator to about 41 ºS between 05 ºW – 09 ºE at depths from 4469 to 5395 m and 6 females, body length 2.00 – 2.28 mm, found in the Southern Ocean between about 58 º – 65 ºS and 24 º – 51 ºW at depths from 2965 to 4748 m. Type locality. South Atlantic (16 º 18 ’ S 05 º 27 ’ E).	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE1FFA2ADE23075F587C729.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length 2.10 – 2.47 mm. Prosome 2.8 – 3.3 times as long as urosome (Fig. 1 A – B). Rostrum absent (Fig. 1 C – D). Cephalosome and pedigerous somite 1 and pedigerous somites 4 and 5 separate; posterior corners as short rounded lobes in lateral view, obtuse triangular in dorsal view (Fig. 1 F – G). Urosome of 4 somites (Fig. 1 E). Caudal rami with 1 dorsal seta (later broken in studied specimens), 1 ventral seta, and 4 terminal setae. Antennule (Fig. 2 A – C) extending to distal margin of urosomal somite 3 – 4, of 24 articulating segments; armature as follows: I – 3 s, II – IV – 6 s + 1 ae, V – 2 s + 1 ae, VI – 2 s, VII – 2 s + 1 ae, VIII – 2 s, IX – 2 s + 1 ae, X – XI – 4 s + 1 ae, XII – 1 s, XIII – 1 s, XIV – 2 s + 1 ae, XV – 1 s, XVI – 2 s + 1 ae, XVII – 1 s + 1 ae (or 2 s), XVIII – 2 s, XIX – 2 s, XX – 2 s, XXI – 1 s + 1 ae, XXII – 1 s, XXIII – 1 s, XXIV – 2 s, XXV – 2 s, XXVI – 2 s, XXVII – XXVIII – 5 s + 1 ae (setation on Fig. 2 A – C is based on the holotype and supplemented considering the paratypes and additional females). Antenna (Fig. 3 A – B), coxa with 1 seta, basis with 2 setae; exopod of 7 segments with 1, 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 3 setae, seta on proximal exopod segment rudimentary, following complex segment with 3 rudimentary setae, and is partly fused with first short segment bearing long seta; first endopodal segment with 2 setae, second with 8 + 6 setae. Mandible (Fig. 3 C – E), gnathobase with crest, cutting edge with 5 large and 3 small teeth near thick dorsal seta; basis with 3 setae; exopod 5 - segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2 setae; endopod segment 1 with 2 setae, segment 2 with 8 long and 1 short setae. Maxillule (Fig. 3 F), praecoxal arthrite with 9 marginal, 4 posterior and 1 anterior setae; coxal endite with 2 setae; coxal epipodite with 6 long and 3 short setae; proximal basal endite with 3 setae, distal basal endite with 2 setae; endopod with 7 setae; exopod with 6 – 7 setae. Maxilla (Fig. 3 G – J), praecoxal endite (previously considered as proximal praecoxal endite) with 4 setae and a short attenuation; coxal endite (previously considered as distal praecoxal endite) with 3 setae; basal endites (previously considered as coxal endites) with 3 setae each, 1 seta of distal basal endite thicker, spine-like; enditic-like lobe of proximal endopodal segment (previously considered as proximal basal endite) with 4 setae, 1 is thicker and 1 is partly sensory; endopod with 3 worm-like and 5 poorly developed brush-like sensory setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 2 D – E), syncoxa with 1 seta on proximal praecoxal lobe, 2 setae on middle praecoxal endite and 2 sclerotized setae and 1 poorly developed brush-like seta on distal praecoxal endite; coxal lobe with 3 setae and small attenuation. Basis with 3 setae. Endopod 6 - segmented with 2, 4, 4, 3, 3 + 1, and 4 setae. Swimming legs. P 1 (Fig. 2 F – G), coxa with anterior row of spinules along distolateral margin; basis with medial distal seta curved with setules; endopod 1 - segmented with lateral lobe, its lateral margin with spinules; exopod segments 1 to 3 with 1 lateral spine each, spine of segment 1 the shortest, exceeding base of following spine; spine of exopod segment 2 exceeding base of distal-most spine. P 2 – P 4 (Fig. 4 A – D), coxa with 1 seta; basis without seta; endopod 2 - segmented in P 2, 3 - segmented in P 3 – P 4; exopods 3 - segmented. Posterior surfaces of P 2 – P 3 poorly spinulate, of P 4 densely spinulate. P 5 (Fig. 2 H) 3 - segmented, coxa and basis of equal length; coxa and basis with distolateral patch of spinules, exopod ornamented with rare surface spinules, 3 distal spines and terminal attenuation.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE1FFA2ADE23075F587C729.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name “ divae ” refers to the name of the DIVA expeditions where the studied specimens were obtained.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE1FFA2ADE23075F587C729.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Some specimens from the Antarctic samples differ from those of the type series in setation details of antennule and oral parts: i) distal segment of antennule (XXVII – XXVIII) bears 5 s + 1 ae (vs. 4 s + 1 ae in type specimens); ii) maxillule distal basal endite with 3 setae (vs. 2 setae in type specimens), and iii) seta of the medial praecoxal endite of maxilliped syncoxa exceeding coxal endite (seta is shorter in type specimens). Byrathis divae sp. nov. shares with B. penicillatus sp. nov. and B. laptevorum the following feautres: i) size usually more than then 2.10 mm (vs. size less than 1.40 mm in the other congeners); ii) surface of genital double somite without denticles (vs. surface ornamented with denticles in the other congeners); iii) maxillule proximal basal endite with 3 setae (vs. 2 setae in the other congeners); iv) maxillule exopod with 6 setae or more (vs. with 5 setae or less in other congeners), and v) maxilla endopod with 3 worm-like (1 worm-like in B. laptevorum) and 5 brush-like sensory setae (vs. 5 worm-like and 3 brush-like setae in the other congeners). Byrathis divae sp. nov. differs from B. penicillatus sp. nov. and B. laptevorum in: i) smaller size (2.10 – 2.47 mm vs. 2.70 mm in B. laptevorum and 3.20 – 4.90 in B. penicillatus sp. nov.); ii) rounded posterior corners of prosome (vs. sharp triangular in B. laptevorum and B. penicillatus; iii) rostrum absent (vs. rostral filaments present in B. penicillatus sp. nov. and B. laptevorum), and iv) poorly developed brush-like seta in the distal praecoxal setal group of the maxilliped syncoxa (vs. well developed brush-like seta in B. penicillatus sp. nov. and B. laptevorum).	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE7FFA8ADE23696F167C15A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. Partly dissected adult female, body length 4.05 mm. ZMH Reg. no. K – 42157. Collected on 15 March 2005 by the DIVA – II expedition above the sea bed at abyssal depths (5058 m). Paratypes, 1 partly dissected adult female, body length 3.95 mm. ZMH Reg. no. K – 42158. Collected on 15 March 2005 by the DIVA – II expedition above the sea bed at abyssal depths (5050 m) in the South Atlantic (00 º 08.5 ’ S 02 º 30.2 ’ W); 1 partly dissected adult female, body length 3.35 mm. ZIN – 91103. Collected 23 July 2009 by the DIVA – III expedition in the South Atlantic (26 º 35 ’ S 35 º 14 ’ W), above the sea bed at abyssal depths (4482 – 4489 m). Additional material: 4 females, body length 3.20 – 4.90 mm, collected in the South Atlantic from the equator to about 36 ºS at depths from 4601 to 5395 m. Type locality. South Atlantic (00 º 01.2 ’ S, 02 º 28.7 ’ W).	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE7FFA8ADE23696F167C15A.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body length 3.35 – 4.90 mm. Prosome 3.7 – 4.1 times as long as urosome. Rostrum as a triangular plate with 2 filaments (Fig. 5 C – D). Cephalosome and pedigerous somite 1 and pedigerous somites 4 and 5 partly separate; posterior corners sharply triangular in dorsal and lateral view (Fig. 5 A – B, E – G). Urosome of 4 somites. Caudal rami with 4 terminal setae, 1 ventral seta and 1 small dorsolateral seta (Fig. 5 E – F). Antennule (Fig. 6 A – C) extending to distal margin of pedigerous somites 4 – 5, of 24 articulating segments; armature as follows: I – 3 s, II – IV – 6 s + 1 ae, V – 2 s + 1 ae, VI – 2 s, VII – 2 s + 1 ae, VIII – 1 s + 1?, IX – 2 s + 1 ae, X – XI – 4 s + 1 ae, XII – 1?, XIII – 1?, XIV – 2 s + 1 ae, XV – 1?, XVI – 2 s + 1 ae, XVII – 1?, XVIII – 2?, XIX – 1?, XX – 2?, XXI – 1 s + 1 ae, XXII – 1?, XXIII – 1 s, XXIV – 1 s + 1?, XXV – 2 s, XXVI – 2 s, XXVII – XXVIII – 4 s + 1 ae, (setation on Fig. 6 A – C is given for segments II – IV, VI, VII, IX – XI, XIV, XVI and XXIII after the holotype and supplemented from the paratypes). Antenna (Fig. 6 D), coxa with 1 seta, basis with 2 setae; exopod of 7 free segments with 1, 1 - 1 - 1 - 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 3 setae, seta on proximal exopod segment rudimentary, following complex segment with 3 rudimentary setae, partly fused with first short segment bearing long seta; first endopodal segment with 2 setae, second with 8 + 7 setae. Mandible (Fig. 6 E – G), gnathobase with crest, number of teeth on cutting edge of holotype difficult to follow, paratype bearing 4 large and 3 small teeth near dorsal seta, lateral tooth situated apart from the remaining teeth; basis with 3 setae; exopod 5 - segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2 setae; endopod segment 1 with 2 setae, segment 2 with 9 setae and distal rows of small surface spinules. Maxillule (Fig. 6 H – I), praecoxal arthrite with 9 terminal, 4 posterior, and 1 anterior setae; coxal endite with 2 setae; coxal epipodite with 9 setae; proximal basal endite with 3 setae, distal basal endite with 3 setae; endopod with 9 setae; exopod with 8 setae. Maxilla (Fig. 7 A – C), praecoxal endite (previously considered as proximal praecoxal endite) with 4 setae and a short attenuation; coxal endite (previously considered as distal praecoxal endite) with 3 setae; basal endites (previously considered as coxal endites) with 3 setae each, 1 seta on the proximal basal endite very short, 1 seta on distal basal endite very strong, spine-like, enditic-like lobe of proximal endopodal segment (previously considered as proximal basal endite) with 4 setae, 1 is thicker and 1 is sensory; all endites with a patch of long spinules at the base of the setae; endopod with 3 worm-like and 5 brush-like sensory setae: 2 setae shorter with large brushes, 3 setae longer with smaller brushes. Maxilliped (Fig. 7 D), syncoxa with 1 seta and a row of spinules on proximal praecoxal endite, 2 setae (1 sensory in distal part) and a patch of spinules on the middle endite and 2 sclerotized and 1 large brush-like seta on the distal praecoxal endite; coxal endite with 3 setae. Basis with 3 setae, proximal row of long spinules extended to the proximal basal seta and row of small spinules extended from the proximal to the distal-most basal seta. Endopod 6 - segmented with 2, 4, 4, 3, 3 + 1, and 4 setae. Swimming legs. P 1 (Fig. 8 A), coxa with anterior row of spinules along the distal margin; basis with medial distal seta strongly curved with setules; endopod 1 - segmented with lateral lobe, its lateral margin with spinules; exopod segments 1 to 3 with 1 lateral spine each, spine of segment 1 reaching base of following spine; spine of exopod segment 2 not reaching the base of distal-most spine. P 2 – P 4 (Fig. 8 B – D), coxa with 1 seta; basis without seta; endopod 2 - segmented in P 2, second segment on posterior surface with patch of long spinules; exopods 3 - segmented. Endopods 3 - segmented in P 3 – P 4, segment 2 with a patch of long spinules on the posterior surface, segment 3 posterior surface densely spinulate, although with shorter spinules. Posterior surface of P 4 coxa, basis and exopod densely spinulate. P 5 (Fig. 7 E) 3 - segmented, coxa and basis of equal length; coxa and basis with a patch of minor spinules distolaterally; exopod ornamented with surface spinules, 4 distal spines, medial terminal spine is curved, about 1.7 times longer than lateral terminal spine.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE7FFA8ADE23696F167C15A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name “ penicillatus ” refers to a large brush-like sensory seta on the syncoxa of the maxilliped.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFE7FFA8ADE23696F167C15A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. B. penicillatus sp. nov. is more closely related to its most geographically distant congener B. laptevorum (Fig. 9) and shares with this species the following distinguishing characters: i) maxilla distal basal endite (previously considered as distal coxal endite) and enditic-like lobe of proximal endopodal segment (previously considered as proximal basal endite), each with 1 very strong, spine-like setal element (vs. these setal elements are neither strong nor spine-like in congeners); ii) each maxilla endite with a patch of long surface spinules (vs. surface spinule patch is absent in the other species of the genus); iii) medial praecoxal endite of maxilliped syncoxa with a patch of spinules (vs. no spinule patch in congeners). B. penicillatus sp. nov. differs from B. laptevorum in: i) large brush-like sensory seta on distal praecoxal endite (vs. poorly developed brush in B. laptevorum); ii) maxilliped basis with a patch of long spinules proximally (vs. spinules absent in B. laptevorum), and iii) P 5 medial terminal spine curved, about 1.7 times longer than lateral terminal spine (vs. straight spine, nearly twice as long as lateral terminal spine in B. laptevorum). Maxilla endopod of single known specimen of B. laptevorum is described as bearing 1 worm-like sensory seta (vs. 3 brush-like setae in B. penicillatus sp. nov.), but this character should be re-examined for the species when new specimens of B. laptevorum are obtained.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFECFFB5ADE23062F2BDC555.taxon	materials_examined	Material. 12 adult females, body length 1.25 – 1.35 mm, and 9 adult males, body length 1.40 – 1.55 mm collected above the sea bed by the ANDEEP – SYSTCO expedition at a depth of 2152 m, on 0 4 January 2008 in the South Ocean (64 º 29 ’ S 02 º 53 ’ E) and 23 adult females, body length 1.33 – 1.67 mm, from 3 samples obtained by ANDEEP II – III expeditions at depths from 2006 to 3050 m between 58 – 65 ºS and 25 – 64 ºW.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFECFFB5ADE23062F2BDC555.taxon	description	Description. Male. Prosome 2.30 – 2.75 times as long as urosome. Rostrum a plate with 2 filaments (Fig. 10 A). Cephalosome and pedigerous somite 1 fused, pedigerous somites 4 and 5 separate; posterior corners rounded. Urosome of 5 somites, anal segment very short (Fig. 10 A – B). Caudal rami with 4 terminal setae, 1 ventral seta and 1 dorsolateral seta. Antennule (Fig. 10 C – E) extending to anterior, or posterior edge of urosome somite 2. Right and left antennules of 22 articulating segments, symmetrical; armature as follows: I – 1 s + 1 ae, II – IV – 6 s + 4 ae, V – 2 s + 2 ae, VI – 2 s + 1 ae, VII – 2 s + 2 ae, VIII – 1 s + 1 ae + 1?, IX – 2 s + 2 ae, X – XII – 3 s + 1? + 2 ae, XIII – 1 s, XIV – 2 s, XV – 1 s, XVI – 1 s + 1 ae, XVII – 1 s, XVIII – 1 s, XIX – 1 s, XX – 1 s, XXI – 1 s, XXII – XXIII – 1 s, XXIV – 2 s, XXV – 2 s, XXVI – 2 s, XXVII – XXVIII – 4 s + 1 ae. Antenna (Fig. 11 A), coxa with 1 seta, basis with 2 setae, 1 very small; exopod 8 - segmented with 1, 1 - 1 - 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 3 setae; first endopodal segment without seta, second with 6 + 7 setae. Mandible (Fig. 11 B – C), gnathobase with low crest and 7 teeth on cutting edge plus dorsal seta, lateral tooth situated apart from the remaining teeth; basis with 2 rudimentary setae; exopod 5 - segmented with 1, 1, 1, 1, and 2 setae; endopod segment 1 with 2 setae, segment 2 with 9 setae. Maxillule (Fig. 11 D), praecoxal arthrite with 9 terminal; coxal endite with 2 setae; proximal basal endite with 2 setae, distal basal endite with 2 setae; endopod with 7 setae; exopod with 5 setae; coxal epipodite with 4 setae. Maxilla (Fig. 11 E), praecoxal endite (previously considered as proximal praecoxal endite) with 4 setae; coxal endite (previously considered as distal praecoxal endite) with 3 setae; proximal basal endite (previously considered as proximal coxal endite) with 2 setae; distal basal endite (previously considered as distal coxal endite) with 3 setae; enditic-like lobe of proximal endopodal segment (previously considered as proximal basal endite) with 4 setae, 2 sensory; endopod with 5 worm-like and 3 brush-like sensory setae. Maxilliped (Fig. 12 A – B), syncoxa with 1 seta on proximal praecoxal endite, 1 seta on middle praecoxal endite, and 1 brush-like seta on distal praecoxal lobe; coxal lobe with 2 setae. Basis with 3 setae. Endopod 6 - segmented with 2, 4, 4, 3, 3, and 4 setae. Swimming legs. P 1 (Fig. 12 C), coxa with anterior row of small spinules along distal margin; basis with medial distal seta slightly curved with setules; endopod 1 - segmented with lateral lobe lacking spinules; exopod segments 1 to 3 with 1 lateral spine each, spine of segment 1 nearly reaching base of following spine; spine of exopod segment 2 reaching midlength of exopod segment 3. P 2 (Fig. 12 D), coxa with 1 seta; basis without seta; endopod 2 - segmented; exopod 3 - segmented; exopod segment 2 with 3 small surface denticles along distomedial edge. Endopods and exopods 2 – 3 in P 3 – P 4 of all male specimens broken, coxa of P 3 – P 4 (Fig. 12 E – F) with small proximal spinules laterally, basis and segment of 1 exopod and endopod nude. P 5 (Fig. 10 A, 13 A – C) nearly half as long as the urosome, legs of about equal lengths; in left coxa and basis only slightly longer than right. Right leg uniramous, exopod 3 - segmented; left leg biramous, exopod 3 - segmented, distal segment with subdivided chitinous lamella; endopod 1 - segmented, much longer than exopod.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
DE292E1AFFECFFB5ADE23062F2BDC555.taxon	discussion	Remarks. B. arnei was described after females from the near-bottom of the high Antarctic (74 º 36.2 ’ S 27 º 15.8 ’ S) by Schulz (2006) and in the present study is recorded more northerly (Fig. 9). The species was collected by ANDEEP II – III and ANDEEP – SYSTCO expeditions (2002, 2005, 2007 – 2008) between 58 º – 65 ºS and 02 ºE – 51 ºW at depths from 1991 to 3050 m. One sample from ANDEEP – SYSTCO contained Byrathis females and males. We attribute them to B. arnei, although they differ somewhat from females defined as B. arnei by Schulz (2006) and specimens studied by us. Females from the ANDEEP – SYSTCO sample differ in: i) smaller size (1.25 – 1.35 mm vs. 1.38 – 1.40 mm in type specimens); ii) maxillule coxal epipodite with 8 setae (vs. 9 setae in specimens from the type series); iii) maxilla praecoxal endite with 4 setae (vs. 5 setae in type specimens), and iv) distal seta on middle praecoxal endite of maxilliped syncoxa is slightly longer than figured for type specimen (Schulz 2006, Fig. 10 A). However, we would prefer to postpone the discussion on the taxonomic status of the specimens from the ANDEEP – SYSTCO, until more specimens of B. arnei can be obtained. Additional collections from different localities are necessary to discuss whether the variability observed is interspecific, or whether a new species should be established for ANDEEP – SYSTCO specimens.	en	Markhaseva, Elena L., Renz, Jasmin (2011): Two new Byrathis species (Copepoda: Calanoida) from the deep South Atlantic and Southern Ocean and first description of an adult male. Zootaxa 2889: 49-68, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.201061
