identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14.text	CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phestilla Bergh 1874	<div><p>Genus Phestilla Bergh, 1874</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>"Physical form quite depressed. An edge anterior to the head, wing-like, attached to [...]; oral tentacles short, rhinophores simple. Cerata arranged on singular slanting rows, lacking cnidosacs. [...] Masticatory edge contains mandibles behind teeth (round, with irregular serration). Radula uniserial." - Bergh, 1874: 1, partially translated.</p><p>Included species.</p><p>Phestilla chaetopterana (Ekimova, Deart &amp; Schepetov, 2017), comb. nov., Phestilla lugubris (Bergh, 1870), Phestilla melanobrachia (Bergh, 1874), Phestilla minor (Rudman, 1981), Phestilla panamica (Rudman, 1982), Phestilla poritophages (Rudman, 1979), Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Historically, Phestilla was placed in the family Tergipedidae . This family contained a large "unnecessary and unnatural" number of genera (Rudman 1979: 344). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this grouping was polyphyletic and a "radical solution" (Cella et al. 2016: title) was proposed: several families were combined into the family Fionidae, and several genera, including Phestilla, into the genus Tenellia (Cella et al. 2016). However, a study into the ontogeny of these groups elucidated that Cella et al.'s (2016) taxonomic decisions were underrepresenting the molecular, ecological, morphological, and ontogenetic diversity of the clades; thus, the families and genera that were combined into Fionidae and Tenellia were reinstated (Korshunova et al. 2017c). While there is controversy surrounding which interpretation is the taxonomic truth, we have designated Phestilla as a separate genus to Tenellia based on the arguments presented by Korshunova et al. (2017c). However, given the results of the p -distance and ABGD analysis, we follow Cella et al. (2016) and Rudman’s (1981) decisions to synonymize P. sibogae with P. lugubris .</p><p>At the same time that Korshunova et al. (2017c) published their findings, Ekimova et al. (2017) published a paper describing Tenellia chaetopterana, a species that clusters phylogenetically and morphologically with Phestilla . As both papers were released on the same date (26 September 2019), Ekimova et al. (2017) were unable to incorporate the revised designations from Korshunova et al. (2017c) into their description. However, there are considerable differences between Te. chaetopterana and the other Phestilla species. Firstly, the radular cusp and lateral denticle proportions are unique in the entire family (Korshunova et al. 2017c), but the general pattern is similar. Secondly, the species lacks penile glands or bulbs. Thirdly each ceratal row only has a single cerata (Ekimova et al. 2017). Finally, Te. chaetopterana would represent the first Phestilla species that does not feed on scleractinian corals (Rudman 1979, 1981, 1982; Goodheart et al. 2017). Further research is required to determine whether Te. chaetopterana should represent a new genus or another species of Phestilla . Based on our independent phylogenetic analysis and the synapomorphies shared by Te. chaetopterana and Phestilla, we propose transferring Te. chaetopterana to the genus Phestilla as the most parsimonious solution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFC50CE8D2A05A99972CCF179D500F14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Adam;Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth;Richards, John Lawrence;Baker, David Michael	Wang, Adam, Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth, Richards, John Lawrence, Baker, David Michael (2020): Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade. ZooKeys 909: 1-24, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278
6F121D2DFAB458F7B5A1446F71F20B07.text	6F121D2DFAB458F7B5A1446F71F20B07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phestilla subodiosus Wang & Conti-Jerpe & Richards & Baker 2020	<div><p>Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4</p><p>Tenellia sp. L: Cella et al. 2016: 9, 14, fig. 2, table 5 (locality unlisted).</p><p>Tenellia sp.: Cho et al. 2018: GenBank Accession number MG878397 (Jeju Island, South Korea).</p><p>Type Material.</p><p>Holotype: [SWIMS-MOL-17-001]. 1 specimen 2 mm long in 95% ethanol, dissected, Hong Kong SAR: Montipora spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 19 Nov. 2017 (Figs 4a, b, 5c).</p><p>Paratypes: [SWIMS-MOL-17-002]. 1 egg case 1 mm long in 95% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR: Montipora spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 25 Nov. 2017 (Figs 2c, 4c).[SWIMS-MOL-18-001]. 1 specimen 1.2 mm long in 95% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR: Montipora spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 8 Mar. 2018 (live specimen in Fig. 1). [SWIMS-MOL-19-008]. 1 specimen 3.0 mm long in 95% ethanol, dissected, Thailand: Koh Tao, Taa Chaa, depth 5 m, coll. R. Mehrotra, 22 Apr. 2019 (Fig. 5b) [SWIMS-MOL-17-003]. DNA extract from whole specimen 4mm long in 100% ethanol. Hong Kong SAR: Montipora spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 19 Nov. 2017 (Fig. 2a) [SWIMS-MOL-18-002], [SWIMS-MOL-18-003], [SWIMS-MOL-18-004], [SWIMS-MOL-18-005], [SWIMS-MOL-18-006], [SWIMS-MOL-18-007]. DNA extracts from whole specimens 1-3.5 mm long in 100% ethanol. GenBank, respectively, Hong Kong SAR: Montipora spp., cultured in aquaria, coll. A. Wang, 8 Mar. 2018 (live specimens in Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet, subodiosus, Latin for odious and vexatious, is symbolic of its status as a pest in the aquarium trade, and also a homage to the time and prized Montipora colonies the first author lost to in an outbreak of this species.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Specimen collected from Koh Tao, Thailand (this paper). Reported from Jeju Island, Korea (Cho et al. 2018 as Tenellia sp.) and confirmed using molecular methods. A similar species reported from Singapore according to a personal communication with Harris published by Robertson (1987: 3), unconfirmed. The type locality of the material from Cella et al. (2016) was not listed.</p><p>Description.</p><p>External morphology (Figs 1, 2, 4). Thin elongate body. Sexually mature adults 1.5 mm to 4 mm in length, 0.5 mm to 1 mm in width. Oral tentacles connected to oral veil arising from edge approximately under rhinophores, brown band near the distal third. Rhinophores rounded distally, not distinct and lacking lamellae, with brown band near middle. Oral tentacles and rhinophores approximately same length. Eyes slightly posterior to each rhinophore. Body lacking obvious rhinophoral sheaths. First ceratal row slightly posterior to rhinophores. Fully developed rows contain three cerata. Cerata unbranching and arranged regularly in sloping transverse rows with two to three rows adjoining pericardium. One to three rows of cerata anterior to pericardium with no precardiac rows. Cerata lacking cnidosacs and always swollen terminally. Two to three additional swollen bulbs on fully developed cerata (Fig. 2). Pericardium hump thick in relation to rest of body, nearly 1 mm thick, beginning at first cerata row and ending between second and third row (Fig. 2). Body tapers strongly in thickness (&lt;&lt; 1 mm) after pericardium hump. Gonopore below and anterior to first cerata row, approx. at same height as the second cerata on the first row. Mouth large, diameter nearly equal to width of body, and clearly separated from foot.</p><p>Internal morphology (Fig. 5). Jaws translucent and thin, smaller than 0.5 mm in 3 mm individual. Radular formula 12 × 0.1.0 in 3 mm individual, uniseriate. Teeth with central cusp and five to seven denticles on each side. Denticles and cusp arranged on curved edge. All denticles approx. same length. Central cusp longer and reaching slightly further than innermost denticles. Lacking secondary denticles. Reproductive system diaulic and spread throughout body. Penile bulb curved, connected to genital opening by short prostate, and adheres to wall of nudibranch. Female gland mass diameter 1.5 times size of penile bulb. Ampulla long and winding, diameter slightly larger than that of penile bulb, connected to vagina and appressed onto female gland mass, leading to hermaphrodite system. Lacks vas deferens. Penile bulb, female gland mass, and ampulla 0.5 mm to 1 mm combined.</p><p>Color. Two ontogenetic color forms. Juvenile animals with white epidermal pigment throughout entire body. Adults with white epidermal pigment and translucent ceratal epidermis. Cerata speckled with brown clots, possibly from internal fluids or dinoflagellates of Symbiodiniaceae from coral hosts. Swollen regions on cerata lack speckles. Speckle density decreases towards the posterior of the cerata.</p><p>Defense mechanisms. Cerata observed to autotomize and secrete viscous adhesive mucus, usually encapsulating abscised ceras, when animal is disturbed tacitly.</p><p>Observed prey items. Preys on coral species in the genus Montipora . Does not feed on corals of genera Porites, Acropora, and Echinophyllia . Reports of feeding on corals in genus Anacropora (Henschen 2018), a sister genus to Montipora (Fukami et al. 2000); however, this observation is unconfirmed by the authors.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F121D2DFAB458F7B5A1446F71F20B07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wang, Adam;Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth;Richards, John Lawrence;Baker, David Michael	Wang, Adam, Conti-Jerpe, Inga Elizabeth, Richards, John Lawrence, Baker, David Michael (2020): Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade. ZooKeys 909: 1-24, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.909.35278
