taxonID	type	description	language	source
DC192B38FFB73D58E7A0AFBDDD85FA07.taxon	description	μm, av. 12.5 × 12 μm, Q av = 1.04 (n = 25), dark, warty by LM. Under SEM the ornamentation is formed by dense and thick warts, uniformly distributed, sometimes together forming a short crest. We have not seen any less ornamented area both under the LM and SEM, as indicated in the original description of this species (Figs. 1 a – g).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB73D58E7A0AE9ADB3EF927.taxon	description	Capillitium brown, lax, originating along the columella not anastomosing, more or less parallel branches and with free ends, elongated, more or less dichotomous. Spores small, globose, 5.3 – 8.8 × 5.3 – 8.6 μm, av. 7.1 × 7 μm, Q av = 1.02 (n = 25), pale to reddish brown by LM, warty. Under SEM the spore ornamentation is formed by thick baculae which are homogeneously distributed (Figs. 2 a – g).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB73D58E7A0ADE4DB26F788.taxon	description	Peridium remaining and forming a collar at the base of the sporotheca. Stalk cylindrical, widened at the base, with a length of 0.8 mm, approximately twice the diameter of the sporotheca. Columella cylindrical, reaching half the height of the sporotheca. Capillitium originating along the columella. Apex of the columella with thick branches, dividing into thinner and flexuous branches but without forming a defined network and with free ends at the end. Spores globose, 8.3 – 10.6 × 8.3 – 10.5 μm, av. 9.5 × 9.4 μm, Q av = 1 (n = 25), purplish-gray, with marked wrinkles. Under SEM, the spore ornamentation is formed by thick baculae of different size and irregular distribution, which sometimes are joined and form short ridges (figs. 3 a – g).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB53D5AE7A0A8C8D9B8FB54.taxon	description	4 a – f).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB23D5DE7A0ABB4DD7DFE10.taxon	description	Peridium evanescent. Stalk dark brown, cylindrical, widened at the base, with a length of 1 mm. Columella cylindrical and sinuose at the end, reaching nearly to the apex of the sporotheca. Capillitium dark brown, dense, flexuous, with main branches perpendicular to columella and short spines in peripherical parts. Spores globose, (8 –) 8.2 – 10.6 × (8 –) 8.2 – 10.5 μm, av. 9.5 × 9.4 μm, Q av = 1 (n = 25), violaceus brown, with small warts. Under SEM, the ornamentation is formed by few and long baculae with short excrescences at the apex (figs. 5 a – f).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB23D5DE7A0A8EBDC68FB11.taxon	description	high, more widened at the base where reddish brown fibers are observed. Capillitium rigid, open, formed by few branches 4 – 5 μm thick, up to 10 μm wide at its base, which initiates at the apex of the columella and ending dividing dichotomously. Spores globose to subglobose, 9.2 – 11.4 (– 12) × 9.2 – 11.2 (– 12) μm, av. 10.3 × 10.2 μm, Q av = 1.01 (n = 25), purple, faintly spiny. Under SEM the spore ornamentation is formed by small baculae (figs. 6 a – j).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB33D5FE7A0AD9DDDE7F921.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — ROMANIA, Neamt, on living bark, September 1925, Dr. M. Brândză, BM 4043 [BM 001089979 = box, BM 001247193 = slide, BM 001247201 = SEM stub]. This species was described by G. Lister (1926) based on specimens sent by M. Brândză from the historic region of Moldavia (Neamt, Moldova Region, today part of Romania) on trunks of Abies pectinata where this species often fructifies. Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) described this species as from M. Brândză 95 deposited in IA (currently BPI 805742). These authors revise the measurements of the original plate in the publication by Lister (1926) and indicate that spores measures should be 13 – 14 (– 14.5) μm instead of 11 – 12 μm in diameter. In specimens deposited in the box labeled as BM 4043 the average spore dimensions was found as 12.5 × 12 μm with a minimum of 11 μm, thereby confirming the lower limit as observed by Lister and the maximum of 13.7 μm, close to that observed by Martin & Alexopoulus (1969). This result highights the importance of a sufficient and defined sample size in order to avoid a too narrow or biased understanding of the variation in spore size even within a single sporocarp.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB33D5CE7A0ABB7D9BCFE34.taxon	description	Sporocarps up to 5 mm high, cylindrical half-erect to drooping. Stalk dark-brown, cylindrical, up to 2 mm. Columella more or less flexuous. Capillitium open, filamentous forming a three-dimensional network with large meshes. The filaments are anastomosing and form broad dark nodules, outer branches of the capillitium are pale and with free ends. Spores globose to subglobose, 8 – 10.4 × 7.9 – 10.3 μm, av. 9.2 × 9.1 μm, Q av = 1.01 (n = 25), dark violet and warty. Under SEM the spore ornamentation is formed by baculae with variable width which are evenly distributed (figs. 7 a – g).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB33D5CE7A0AE2CD9BCF99B.taxon	description	Peridium evanescent. Stalk dark, cylindrical widened at the base, with a length of 0.3 mm. Columella tapering and reaching almost the apex of the sporotheca. Capillitium reddish-brown, dense, originating along the columela, with perpendicular main branches to columela and a surface network with small meshes and scanty free ends. Spores globose, 3.3 – 4.8 (– 5) × 3.3 – 4.7 (– 5) μm, av. 4 × 4 μm, Q av = 1 (n = 25), violaceous very pale to hyaline and faintly reticulated by LM. Under the SEM, the spore ornamentation is formed by a reticulum with no prominent walls (figs. 8 a – g).	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB03D5FE7A0ADE7DDACF7A6.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — NETHERLANDS, Gelderland, developed in moist chamber on bark obtained from a living oak, 7 April 1961, N. E. Nannenga-Bremekamp, BM 4839 [BM 001088435 = box, BM 001247192 = slide, BM 001247200 = SEM stub]. Nannenga-Bremekamp (1962: 34) compares Comatricha longipila with C. laxa Rostaf. and C. subcaespitosa Peck. The latter is considered nowadays to be a synonym of Stemonitopsis subcaespitosa (Peck) Nann. - Bremek (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1991). The latter two species have larger spores, an observation which is confirmed by our measurements. A study of the types of these species was carried out by Castillo et al. (1997) and Moreno et al. (2004) respectively. Our images show that Comatricha longipila has a capillitium similar to species of the genus Stemonaria Nann. - Bremek., R. Sharma & Y. Yamam., but the solid instead of a hollow stalk, separate it from species in that genus.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB13D5EE7A0ABB7D8ACFE59.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — UNITED KINGDOM, England, Dorset, Lyme Regis, on dead leaves, 12 February 1892, A. Lister BM 1399 [BM 001088436 = box, BM 001247191 = slide, BM 001247199 = SEM stub]. Comatricha rubens was described by Lister (1894) from the same locality and habitat as C. lurida. It differs from C. lurida mainly by the reddish color of the sporocarp, reddish-lilac colour and smaller size (7 – 8 μm) diam. of the spores. Our observations confirm the distinctively larger size in the spores of C. lurida (av. 9.5 μm) with an overlap only in the lowermost extreme values.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB13D5EE7A0A92FDCE8FCC1.taxon	description	Syntype: — UNITED KINGDOM, England, Essex, Greater London, Wanstead Park, on dead leaves under brambles, September 1896, A. Lister BM 1715 [BM 001089759 = box, BM 001247190 = slide, BM 001247198 = SEM stub]. Lister (1911) separated Comatricha pulchella var. fusca from C. pulchella var. pulchella by its more rigid, purplish brown capillitium and pale greyish brown spores from C. pulchella var. fusca. However both names are now seen as synonyms (Lado 2005 – 2017) and our observations on the surface structure of the spores by SEM confirm this view.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB13D5EE7A0A847DD17FA49.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: — UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, on bark of Pinus albicaulis, September 1883, W. N. Suksdorf [s. n.], Ellis Collection 5310 (NY). Specimen examined: [UNITED STATES OF AMERICA] Rex 144 [BM 001084242 = box, BM 001247189 = slide, BM 001247197 = SEM stub]. The type material of this species has been studied by Moreno & al. (2004), and it is characterized by stipitate sporocarps, dark brown sporotheca, stalk approximately the same length as the sporotheca. The columella is thick, not sinuous and almost reaches the apex, where it branches into short secondary branches. The material conserved in BM and incorrectly labeled as type material was found in a box containing further species belonging to other taxa of the Stemonitales. The label of the box carries only rudimentary information which does not allow us to properly identify their origin, so we doubt that it was part of the type collection. The material preserved at BM is very scarce and the sinuous morphology of the columella differs from the material represented by the holotype in NY. Based on its microscopic characters the BM specimen seems closer to Comatricha sinuatocolumellata G. Moreno, H. Singer, A. Sanchez & Illana, also a nivicolous species and very similar to C. suksdorfii. However, the specimen Rex 144 at BM is different from C. sinuatocolumellata because of its larger and cylindrical sporotheca and a stalk with approximately the same length as the sporotheca. It may represent a currently still unnamed new taxon.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFB13D51E7A0AEDFD869FE35.taxon	description	This species has been misinterpreted by different authors as already indicated by ING (1999). The description and illustrations of this author are similar to Brândză’ s material, preserved in BM and studied by us. Moreover, in our opinion the illustrations by Poulain & al. (2011) do not correspond to this species, because the figures for the specimens have a longer stalk, and the capillitium shows branches thinner than the specimen studied by us. Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) indicate in the observations of Comatricha laxa that C. laxa var. rigida has not been studied. He referred instead to data by Hagelstein (1944) based on material from Minnesota. The Minnesota material is described with scant capillitium and very rigid threads. This description is similar to that given by Lister (1925), who also measured spores with a diameter of 8 – 13 μm and with spinulose ornamentation. Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991) compares C. laxa var. rigida (under its synonym Paradichaeopsis rigida) with Paradiacheopsis solitaria (Nann. - Bremek.) Nann. - Bremek. She indicates that the size of the spores is different: P. solitaria produces spores of (12 –) 14 – 16 (– 20) μm in diameter, while for P. rigida 7 – 9 (– 11) μm were measured. However she notes that the illustrations of P. rigida could represent a modification of P. solitaria with particularly small spores. The other features are very similar (sporocarp size, development of capillitium, and size of the stalk). It is unknown, how many duplicate sets of Brandza’s collection have been dispersed as syntypes and in which collections they are housed today. We therefore cannot be sure that it is all homogenous. The specimen studied by us represents a well developed example of this species and the label information fits the protologue, we therefore chose it as the lectotype in order to fix the long disputed interpretation of this name.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFBE3D51E7A0AACBDBD2FB05.taxon	description	Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 87 (4): 505 (1983) but nom. inval., Melbourne Code art. 35.1 (ICBN, art. 43.1)]	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFBE3D51E7A0AACBDBD2FB05.taxon	description	This species was described by Rex (1891) as Comatricha irregularis based on material from several states in the USA. The type material comes from Fairmont Park, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA), without indication of the substrate in the protologue, although it is mentioned as occurring on dead wood of trees angiosperm by Martin & Alexopoulos (1969). Stemonaria irregularis has been described in more detail but only with material from Sweden, with photos of its macro- and microscopic characteristics, including photos of spore ornamentation by SEM (Eliasson et al. 2010). The material studied by us cannot be type material because it has been collected from Ohio, but out observations add for the first time SEM-data for a specimen from North America and confirm that the spore characters of European and North American specimens collected under this name are identical. The genus Stemonaria was established for species with intertwined fibres in the stalk and capillitia without surface net. It is comprised of species removed from the genus Comatricha and Stemonitis. In our opinion, as long as no molecular data are provided to circumscribe the genus Stemonaria and it remains based on morphological characters only, it is a weakly defined genus. Only in order to avoid further taxonomic instability it is accepted here.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFBE3D51E7A0AF9BD983F8F9.taxon	description	≡ Comatricha microspora (Lister) G. Lister, in Lister, Guide Brit. Mycetozoa, ed. 4: 39 (1919) ≡ Stemonitis hyperopta var. microspora (Lister) G. Lister, in Lister, Monogr. mycetozoa, ed. 3: 134 (1925)	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFBE3D51E7A0AF9BD983F8F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied (Syntype): Charton, Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, larch plantation, 30 – XI – 1891, leg. Miss L. M. Fowler, BM 1395 [BM 001247208 = box, BM 001247186 = slide, BM 001247194 = SEM stub]. Lister (1894) accepted three varieties of Comatricha typhoides (Bull.) Rostaf., var. genuina was described with spores 6 – 7 μm diam. (later expanded to a maximum of 8 μm diam. by Moreno & al., 2004), and with almost smooth surface or minutely warted between the larger warts. Currently the name Comatricha typhoides var. genuina is considered a nom. inval. (Lado 2005 – 2017). Original material used for the description of var. genuina differs from other taxa, including Stemonitopsis microspora, by its larger warty spores with groups of thick warts (Moreno & al. 2004). The var. heterospora has spores with 5 – 6 μm diam. and the surface marked with faint, broken reticulation between the warts.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
DC192B38FFBE3D51E7A0AF9BD983F8F9.taxon	description	The var. microspora (now Stemonitopsis microspora) was characterised by spores 3.5 – 4.5 μm diam. Stemonitopsis microspora differs from the otherwise similar Stemonitis hyperopta by its smaller spore size (on average 4 μm diam.), but the spore ornamentation is similar, formed by a network with bands without holes and meshes with variable diameter.	en	Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Thüs, H. (2018): Critical revision of type material of Stemonitales (Myxogastria) at the Natural History Museum London (BM). Phytotaxa 344 (2): 149-159, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.2.3
