taxonID	type	description	language	source
E36887D1FFA6AC19F3E1FEFEDF379648.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and site of infection: Auchenipterus nigripinnis (larva — body cavity), Brycon hilarii (larva — body cavity), Galeocharax humeralis (larva — body cavity), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (larva — mesentery, muscle), Hoplias aff. malabaricus, H. malabaricus (larva — body cavity), Hoplias sp., Loricariidae gen. sp., Paratrygon sp. (larva — body cavity), Pinirampus pirinampu (larva — body cavity), Poeciliidae gen. sp. (larva — body cavity), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (adult and larva — body cavity, intestine), P. fasciatum (larva — body cavity), Pygocentrus nattereri (larva — body cavity), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (larva — body cavity), Salminus brasiliensis (larva — body cavity), Serrasalmus maculatus (larva — unspecified), S. marginatus (larva — body cavity), S. spilopleura (larva — body cavity), Synbranchus marmoratus (larva — body cavity). Localities: Cuiabá River — MT; Cachimbo — PA; Upper Paraná River — PR; Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos (1925), Rêgo & Eiras (1988), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 a, b), Eiras & Rêgo (1988, 1989), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Guidelli et al. (2003), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Rocha (2011). Eustrongylides tubifex Nitzsch in Rudolphi — larva — FW Syn.: E. perpapillatus Jägerskiöld Hosts and site of infection: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (mesenteries). Locality: Piracicaba River — SP. Reference: Lordello & Monteiro (1959). Eustrongylides sp. — larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (intestine), Arapaima gigas (tumour on skin), Auchenipterus nigripinnis (muscle), Brycon hilarii (body cavity), B. microleps, (mesentery, muscle), Callichthys callichthys, Calophysus macropterus, Charax gibbosus, Cichla kelberi, C. monoculus, C. ocellaris (body cavity), C. piquiti, Galeocharax humeralis (mesenteries), Gymnotus carapo, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (mesentery, muscle, stomach wall), Hoplias malabaricus (body cavity, liver serosa, mesentery, muscle, stomach wall), Leporinus copelandii (mesenteries), L. obtusidens (body cavity), Lepthoplosternum pectorale, Oligosarcus sp. (body cavity), Paratrygon sp., Pimelodus maculatus (body cavity), Pirinampus pirinampu (mesentery, muscle), Plagioscion squamosissimus, Poecilia vivipara, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (intestine, mesenteries), P. fasciatum (mesenteries), Pseudoplatystoma sp., Pygocentrus nattereri (body cavity, mesentery, muscle, swim bladder), Rhaphiodon vulpinus, Salminus brasiliensis (body cavity, mesenteries), Steindachneridion parahybae (mesenteries), Synbranchus marmoratus, Tetragonopterinae gen. sp. Localities: São Francisco River — MG; Cuiabá River, Pantanal — MS, MT; Maicurú, Mexiana Island, Amazonas River Basin — PA; Upper Paraná River — PR; Aguaí, Paraná River, Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Lordello & Monteiro (1959), Travassos & Freitas (1964), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Thatcher (1991), Brasil-Sato (2003), Carvalho et al. (2003), Santos et al. (2003), Adriano et al. (2005), Barros et al. (2006, 2007, 2009 a, 2010), Saraiva et al. (2006 a), Martins et al. (2009), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Santos & Moravec (2009 b), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Eustrongylides sp. 1 — larva – FW Hosts and site of infection: Gymnotus sp. (mesenteries). Locality: Baía River — MS. Reference: Isaac et al. (2004). Eustrongylides sp. 2 — larva – FW Hosts and site of infection: Gymnotus sp. (mesenteries). Locality: Baía River — MS. Reference: Isaac et al. (2004).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFA7AC1AF3E1FE21DE8792EB.taxon	description	Syn.: Echinocephalus carioca Lopes Neyra; Thominx carioca Skrjabin & Shikhobalova Hosts and site of infection: Sphoeroides testudineus (intestine). Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Freitas & Lent (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec (2001). Capillaria sp. — adult Hosts and site of infection: Astyanax fasciatus (FW — intestine), Hypostomus derbyi (FW — intestine), Leporellus vittatus (FW — intestine), Leporinus copelandii (FW — intestine), Menticirrhus americanus (MAR — intestine), Pseudupeneus maculatus (MAR — musculature) Pseudopercis numida (MAR — intestine), P. semifasciata (MAR — intestine), Serrasalmus marginatus (FW — intestine). Localities: Iguaçú River Basin, Upper Paraná River — PR; off Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Kohn et al. (1988), Chaves & Luque (1999), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Luque et al. (2006), Lima et al. (2008). Capillariidae gen. sp. — FW Hosts: Serrasalmus maculatus, S. marginatus, S. spilopleura. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Pavanelli et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2009). Capillariidae gen. sp. 1 — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Schizodon fasciatus (intestine). Locality: Paraná River, Guaíra — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Moravec (2001). Remark: Vicente & Pinto (1999) referred this taxon as Trichuridae sp. Moravec (2001) considered this taxon to be a species inquirenda. Capillariidae gen. sp. 2 — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (intestine). Localitiy: Paraná River, Guaíra — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Moravec (2001). Remark: Vicente & Pinto (1999) referred this taxon as Trichuridae sp. Whereas, Moravec (2001) considered it to be a species inquirenda. Capillariinae gen. sp. — adult Hosts and site of infection: Gymnotus carapo (FW), Hoplosternum littorale (FW — intestine), Rhamdia quelen (FW – unspecified). Locality: Guandu River — RJ. References: Abdallah et al. (2006), Azevedo et al. (2010). Capillostrongyloides arapaimae Santos, Moravec & Venturieri — adult — FW Host and site of infection: Arapaima gigas (intestine, pyloric caeca). Locality: Mexiana Island, Amazonas River Basin — PA. References: Santos et al. (2008), Eiras et al. (2010). Capillostrongyloides sentinosa (Travassos) — adult — FW Syn.: Capillaria minima Travassos, Artigas & Pereira; C. zederi Freitas & Lent; C. sentinosa Travassos Hosts and site of infection: Anostominae gen. sp. (stomach), Astyanax fasciatus (stomach), Hoplias malabaricus (stomach), Leporinus elongatus (intestine, stomach), Leporinus sp. (stomach), Schizodon nasutus (intestine, stomach). Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Grande River, Parnaíba, Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos (1927), Travassos et al. (1928), Freitas & Lent (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernades (1987), Thatcher (1991), Moravec (1998, 2001), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Freitascapillaria maxillosa (Vaz & Pereira) — adult — FW Syn.: Capillaria maxillosa Vaz & Pereira; Pseudocapillaria nuda Mendonça Host and site of infection: Salminus brasiliensis (intestine, stomach, pyloric caeca). Locality: Piracicaba River, Pirassununga — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Freitas & Lent (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Mendonça (1963), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Moravec (1998, 2001), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Paracapillaria (Paracapillaria) argentinensis Timi, Rossin, Lanfranchi & Etchegoin — adult — MAR — intestine Hosts: Pinguipes brasilianus, Pseudopercis numida, P. semifasciata. Localities: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Luque et al. (2008), Timi et al. (2010). Paracapillaria (Paracapillaria) piscicola (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira) — adult — FW Syn.: Capillaria piscicola Travassos, Artigas & Pereira Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus falcatus (stomach), Acestrorhynchus sp. (intestine), Galeocharax humeralis (intestine, stomach), G. knerii (stomach), Hoplias malabaricus (intestine, stomach), Hypostomus affinis (unspecified), Leporellus vittatus (stomach), Leporinus copelandii (stomach), Oligosarcus sp. (stomach), Salminus brasiliensis (stomach), S. hilarii (stomach), Trachelyopterus striatulus (stomach). Localities: Amazonas River Basin; Foz do Iguaçú, Paraná and Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Freitas & Lent (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Mendonça (1963), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Buhrheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Moravec et al. (1992 a), Moravec (1998, 2001), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Thatcher (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010), Mesquita et al. (2011). Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) magalhaesi (Lent & Freitas) — adult — MAR — body cavity and intestine Syn.: Trichosoma da “ corvina ” of Lent & Freitas (1937); Capillaria magalhaesi Lent & Freitas; Pseudocapillaria (Ictiocapillaria) magalhaesi (Lent & Freitas) Hosts: Micropogonias furnieri, M. undulatus. Localities: Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Cassino Beach — RS. References: Lent & Freitas (1937), Vicente et al. (1985), Alves & Luque (1999, 2000, 2001 a, 2001 b), Moravec (2001), Almeida et al. (2008), Luque et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFA4AC1BF3E1F93DDE399789.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Electrophorus electricus, Hoplias malabaricus, Pseudoplatystoma sp., Salminus brasiliensis. Localities: Salobra — MG; Maicurú — PA. Reference: Travassos (1940 a), Travassos & Freitas (1964), Vicente et al. (1985). Filocapsulariinae gen. sp. — adult — FW — swim bladder Hosts: Galeocharax knerii, Hoplias malabaricus, Leporellus vittatus, Leporinus copelandii, L. octofasciatus, L. striatus, Leporinus sp., Salminus hilarii. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFA5AC1BF3E1FEAADEEA95AE.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (FW — unspecified), Auchenipterus nigripinnis (FW — mesentery), Brycon orbignyanus (FW — mesentery), Conorynchus conirostris (FW — mesentery), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — unspecified), Katsuwonus pelamis (MAR – unspecified), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — unspecified), Pagrus pagrus (MAR — lateral muscle), Prochilodus lineatus (FW — unspecified), Pseudopercis numida (MAR – unspecified), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (FW — unspecified), P. fasciatum (FW — unspecified), Salminus brasiliensis (FW — mesentery). Localities: São Franciso River — MG; Pantanal — MT; Upper Paraná River — PR; off Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Brasil-Sato & Santos (2005), Pereira Cardoso et al. (2006), Saad & Luque (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFA5AC1FF3E1FCC8DEE49048.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Auxis thazard thazard, Genypterus brasiliensis. Localities: Brazilian coast; Niterói, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Knoff et al. (2007), Iñiguez et al. (2009). Anisakis typica (Diesing) — larva — MAR — intestine Syn.: Cercocephalis typicus Diesing Hosts: Auxis thazard thazard, Thunnus thynnus. Locality: Brazilian coast. References: Mattiucci et al. (2002), Mattiucci & Nascetti (2006), Iñiguez et al. (2009). Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi) — larva — MAR Hosts and site of infection: Genypterus brasiliensis (mesentery, stomach serosa, intestinal serosa, ovary, musculature), Paralichthys isosceles (abdominal cavity, intestine, stomach serosa). Locality: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Knoff et al. (2007), Felizardo et al. (2009 a). Anisakis pegreffii Campana-Rouget & Biocca — larva — MAR Host: Thunnus thynnus. Locality: Brazilian coast. References: Mattiucci & Nascetti (2006). Anisakis sp. — larva — MAR Hosts and site of infection: Aluterus monoceros (mesentery), Bagre bagre (mesentery), Balistes vetula (mesentery), Brevoortia aurea (mesentery), Caranx latus (mesentery), Carcharhinus signatus (spiral valve), Dipturus trachydermus (spiral valve), Euthynnus alletteratus (mesentery), Galeorhinus galeus (spiral valve), Genypterus brasiliensis (intestinal serosa, mesentery, muscles, stomach), Heptranchias perlo (spiral valve), Hexanchus griseus (spiral valve), Katsuwonus pelamis, Merluccius hubbsi (mesentery), Micropogonias furnieri (mesentery), Mullus argentinae (mesentery), Mustelus canis (spiral valve), Nebris microps (mesentery), Pagrus pagrus (liver, mesentery, lateral muscle), Paralichthys isosceles (mesentery), Percophis brasiliensis (mesentery), Pomatomus saltatrix (intestine), Prionotus punctatus (liver, mesentery), Pseudopercis numida (mesentery), Scomber japonicus (mesentery), S. scombrus (mesentery), Scomberomorus cavalla (stomach serosa), Selene setapinnis (mesentery), Sphyraena guachancho (mesentery), Squalus megalops (spiral valve), Squatina sp. (spiral valve), Trichiurus lepturus (coelomic serosa, mesentery), Urophycis mystacea (mesentery). Localities: Fortaleza — CE; PR; Rio de Janeiro — RJ; RS. References: Rêgo et al. (1983), Rêgo & Santos (1983), Vicente et al. (1985), Barros & Amato (1993), São- Clemente et al. (1994), Marques et al. (1995), Luque & Chaves (1999), Luque et al. (2000 a, 2002, 2008, 2010), Silva et al. (2000 a, b), Paraguassú et al. (2000, 2002), Knoff et al. (2001, 2003 a, b, 2007), Luque & Alves (2001), Abdallah et al. (2002), Alves et al. (2002 c, 2003, 2005) ,, Cordeiro & Luque (2004), Luque & Poulin (2004), Tavares et al. (2004 b), Bicudo et al. (2005 a, b), Padovani et al. (2005), Alves & Luque (2006), Tavares & Luque (2006), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Saad & Luque (2009), Dias et al. (2010, 2011). Anisakis sp. 1 — larva — MAR — mesentery Host: Katsuwonus pelamis. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Alves & Luque (2006). Anisakis sp. 2 — larva — MAR — mesentery Host: Katsuwonus pelamis. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Alves & Luque (2006). Contracaecum sp. — adult and larva Hosts and site of infection: Oligosarcus macrolepis (FW — larva — body cavity), Acestrorhampus sp. (= Oligosarcus sp.) (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Acestrorhynchus lacustris (FW — larva — mesentery), Ageneiosus inermis, Aluterus monoceros (MAR — larva — mesentery), Astronotus ocellatus (FW — larva — mesentery), Astyanax altiparanae (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), A. bimaculatus (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), A. fasciatus (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), A. schubarti (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), Balistes capriscus (MAR — larva — mesentery), B. vetula (MAR — larva — mesentery), Bergiaria sp. (FW — larva — body cavity), Brevoortia aurea (MAR — larva — mesentery), Brycon microleps (= B. hilarii) (FW — larva — mesentery), Caranx hippos (MAR — larva — mesentery), C. latus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Carcharhinus brachyurus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), C. signatus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Centropomus undecimalis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Cephalopholis fulva (MAR — larva — mesentery), Cichla kelberi (FW — larva — unspecified), C. monoculus (FW — larva — mesentery), C. ocellaris (FW — larva — mesentery), Crenicichla lepidota (FW — larva — body cavity), Curimata sp. (FW — larva — body cavity), Dactylopterus volitans (MAR — larva — mesentery), Diapterus rhombeus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Dipturus trachydermus (MAR — larva — stomach, spiral valve), Euthynnus alletteratus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Galeocharax humeralis, G. knerii (FW — larva — body cavity), Galeorhinus galeus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Genidens barbus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Geophagus brasiliensis (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), Gymnotus carapo (FW — larva), Heptranchias perlo (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (FW — larva — unspecified), Hexanchus griseus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (FW — adult — mesentery, muscle), Hoplias malabaricus (FW — larva — body cavity, intestinal, liver, stomach serosa, mesentery, muscle), Iheringichthys labrosus (FW — larva — unspecified), Leporellus vittatus (FW — larva — body cavity), Leporinus copelandii (FW — larva — body cavity), L. elongatus (FW — larva — mesentery), L. friderici (FW — larva — mesentery), L. lacustris (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), L. obtusidens (FW — larva — mesentery), Loricariichthys castaneus (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Macrodon ancylodon (MAR — larva — mesentery), Menticirrhus americanus (MAR — larva — intestine), Metynnis lippincottianus (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — larva — mesentery), Mullus argentinae (MAR — larva — mesentery), Mustelus canis (MAR — larva — spiral valve), M. schmitti (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Oligoplites palometa (MAR — larva — gills), Oligosarcus paranensis, Oligosarcus sp. (FW — larva — body cavity), Oligoplites saliens (MAR — larva — gills), O. saurus (MAR — larva — gills), Pagrus pagrus (MAR — larva — lateral muscle, liver and mesentery), Paralichthys isosceles (MAR — larva — mesentery and intestine), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Parona signata (MAR — larva — mesentery), Paulicea luetkeni (= Zungaro zungaro) (FW — larva — mesentery), Peprilus paru (MAR — unspecified — unspecified), Percophis brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Pimelodella lateristriga (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Pimelodus maculatus (FW — larva — mesentery), P. ortmanni (FW — larva — body cavity), Pirinampus pirinampu (FW — larva — mesentery), Plagioscion squamosissimus (FW — larva — mesentery), Pomatomus saltatrix (MAR — larva — intestine), Priacanthus arenatus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Prochilodus lineatus (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (FW — larva — mesentery), P. fasciatum (FW — larva — mesentery), Psellogrammus kennedyi (FW — larva — unspecified), Pygocentrus nattereri (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery, swim bladder), Rhamdia quelen (FW — larva — mesentery), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (FW — larva — unspecified), Salminus brasiliensis (FW — larva — body cavity, mesentery), S. hilarii (FW — larva — mesentery), Sarda sarda (MAR — larva — mesentery), Schizodon nasutus (FW — larva — body cavity), Scomber japonicus (MAR — larva — intestine, mesentery, pyloric caeca, swim bladder), Scomberomorus brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery) S. cavalla (FW — unspecified — mesentery), Scyliorhinus haeckelii (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Selene setapinnis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Serrasalmus altuvei (FW — unspecified — unspecified), S. marginatus (FW — larva — mesentery), Sphyrna zygaena (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Squatina sp. (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Tetragonopterus argenteus (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Trachelyopterus striatulus (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Trachurus lathami (MAR — larva — mesentery), Trichiurus lepturus (MAR — larva — coelomic serosa, mesentery), Urophycis brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Urophycis mystacea (MAR — larva — mesentery). Localities: Amazonas River Basin; off São Luiz — MA; Cuiabá River, Pantanal — MT; Iguaçú River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Campos, Guandu River, Lajes Reservoir, Piraí, off Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Campinas, Jaguari Reservoir, Paraná River — SP; MS; Paraná River, Pirassununga — SP; of RS. References: Travassos & Freitas (1940), Kloss (1966), Vicente & Fernandes (1978), Fábio (1982), Rêgo et al. (1983), Rêgo & Santos (1983), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn et al. (1988, 1989), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Eiras & Rêgo (1989), Leão et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991), Barros & Amato (1993), Barros (1994), São- Clemente et al. (1994, 1995), Marques et al. (1995), Takemoto et al. (1996, 2009), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Alves & Luque (1999, 2000, 2001 a, 2001 b, 2006), Chaves & Luque (1999), Luque & Chaves (1999), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Luque et al. (2000 a, 2002, 2003, 2010), Machado et al. (2000), Paraguassú et al. (2000, 2002, 2005), Silva et al. (2000 a, b), Knoff et al. (2001, 2007), Luque & Alves (2001), Tavares et al. (2001, 2004 b), Abdallah et al. (2002), Alves et al. (2002 a, b, c, 2003, 2004, 2005), Ribeiro et al. (2002), Brasil-Sato (2003), Carvalho et al. (2003, 2010), Martins et al. (2003, 2005), Cordeiro & Luque (2004, 2005 b), Luque & Poulin (2004), Tavares & Luque (2004 a, b, 2006), Lizama et al. (2005), Madi & Silva (2005), Azevedo et al. (2006, 2007 a, c, 2010), Paraguassú & Luque (2006), Barros et al. (2007, 2009 a, b, 2010), Felizardo et al. (2009 a), Moreira et al. (2009, 2010), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Saad & Luque (2009), Dias et al. (2010, 2011), Eiras et al. (2010), Mesquita et al. (2011), Vicentin et al. (2011), Rocha (2011). Contracaecum sp. 1 — Larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Gymnotus sp. (mesentery), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (mesentery), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (unspecified). Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Baia River — MS. References: Machado et al. (1996), Isaac et al. (2004), Pavanelli et al. (2004). Contracaecum sp. 2 — Larva — FW — mesentery Hosts: Gymnotus sp., Hemisorubim platyrhynchos, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Baia River — MS. References: Machado et al. (1996), Isaac et al. (2004), Pavanelli et al. (2004). Contracaecum sp. Type A — FW – Unspecified site of infection Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus, A. schubarti, Galeocharax knerii, Salminus brasiliensis, S. hilarii. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. Reference: Bührnheim (1976). Contracaecum sp. Type B — FW – Unspecified site of infection Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus, Galeocharax knerii, Hoplias malabaricus, Leporinus copelandii, L. lacustris, Salminus brasiliensis. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. Reference: Bührnheim (1976). Contracaecum sp. Type 1 — Larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (intestine), Astyanax altiparanae (mesentery), A. fasciatus (body cavity), Brycon hilarii (liver, mesentery), Cichla kelberi, Cichla piquiti, Crenicichla lepidota (body cavity), Galeocharax humeralis (intestine, body cavity), G. knerii (intestine, body cavity), Gymnotus carapo (body cavity), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (mesentery), Hoplias malabaricus (body cavity and mesentery), Leporinus friderici (gonads, mesentery, musculature of intestine), L. lacustris (gonads, mesentery, musculature of intestine), Plagioscion squamosissimus (body cavity), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, P. fasciatum (intestine), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (body cavity). Localities: Juba River — MT; Aquidauna River — MG; Pantanal — MS; Foz do Iguaçú, Guaira, Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Aguaí — SP. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Carvalho et al. (2003), Guidelli et al. (2003, 2006), Saraiva et al. (2006 a, b), Campos et al. (2008, 2009 b, c), Eiras et al. (2010). Contracaecum sp. Type 2 — Larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (intestine), Astronotus ocellatus, Astyanax fasciatus (body cavity), Brycon hilarii (liver, mesentery), Gymnotus carapo (body cavity), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (mesentery), Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (body cavity), Hoplias malabaricus (body cavity), Markiana geayi (body cavity), Pachyurus bonariensis (mesentery), Plagioscion ternetzi (mesentery), Prochilodus lineatus (body cavity), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (body cavity), P. fasciatum (body cavity), Pygocentrus cariba (body cavity), Rhamdia quelen, Rhaphiodon vulpinus, Salminus hilarii, S. brasiliensis (unspecified). Localities: MA; Juba River — MT; Foz do Iguaçú, Guaira, Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River — PR; Sinha Mariana Lagoon — MG. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Carvalho et al. (2003), Guidelli et al. (2003), Martins et al. (2005), Saraiva et al. (2006 b), Lacerda et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe) — larva — MAR Host and site of infection: Genypterus brasiliensis (mesentery, stomach serosa, stomach). Locality: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. Reference: Knoff et al. (2007). Pseudoterranova sp. – larva — MAR Hosts and site of infection: Galeorhinus galeus (spiral valve), Genypterus brasiliensis (intestine, mesentery), Mustelus canis (spiral valve), M. schmitti (spiral valve), Pagrus pagrus (mesentery), Squalus megalops (spiral valve), Trichiurus lepturus (mesentery). Locality: Niterói, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; RS. References: Paraguassú et al. (2000, 2002), Silva et al. (2000 a, b), Knoff et al. (2001, 2007), Luque & Alves (2001), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009). Pulchrascaris caballeroi Vicente & Santos — adult — MAR — stomach Host: Squatina squatina. Locality: Macaé — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1972, 1973), Vicente et al. (1985). Terranova rochalimai (Pereira) — adult — MAR — stomach Host: “ Cação Panan ” (Carcharhinus longimanus?). Locality: Natal — RN. References: Pereira (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente et al. (1985). Terranova serrata (Drasche) — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: Ascaris serrata Drasche; A. draschei Stossich; Porrocaecum draschei (Stossich) Host: Arapaima gigas. Localities: Amazon fish farm — AM; Amazonas River — PA. References: Drasche (1884 a), Baylis (1927), Travasos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Santos et al. (1979), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Araujo et al. (2009 b), Eiras et al. (2010). Terranova trichiuri Chandler — adult — MAR Hosts and site of infection: Bagre bagre (intestine), Macrodon ancylodon (intestine), Oligoplites saurus (intestine), Squatina squatina (intestine, stomach). Localities: São Luiz — MA; Macaé — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1973), Vicente & Fernandes (1978), Vicente et al. (1985). Terranova sp. — adult and larva Hosts and site of infection: Anchoa tricolor (MAR — larva — mesentery), Balistes capriscus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Brevoortia aurea (MAR — larva — mesentery), Caranx hippos (MAR — larva — mesentery), C. latus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Cynoscion guatucupa (MAR — larva — mesentery), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — adult and larva — mesentery and intestine), Gymnothorax moringa (MAR — larva — mesentery), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — adult and larva — mesentery), Pagrus pagrus (MAR — adult — liver, mesentery), Paralichthys isosceles (MAR — adult — intestine, liver, mesentery, stomach mucosa), Percophis brasiliensis (MAR — adult — mesentery), Plagioscion squamosissimus (FW — larva — mesentery), Pomatomus saltatrix (MAR — adult — intestine), Priacanthus arenatus (MAR — adult — mesentery), Prionotus punctatus (MAR — adult — mesentery), Pseudopercis numida (MAR — adult, larva — mesentery), P. semifasciata (MAR — adult, larva — mesentery), Sarda sarda (MAR — adult — mesentery), Scomber japonicus (MAR — Larva — intestine, gonads and pyloric caeca), Selene setapinnis (MAR — adult — mesentery), Trachurus lathami (MAR — adult — mesentery), Trichiurus lepturus (MAR — adult — mesentery), Tylosurus acus acus (MAR — adult — mesentery), Umbrina canosai (MAR — adult — mesentery). Localities: off Ilhéus — BA; off Fortaleza — CE; off Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; off ES; off Cassino Beach — RS; off Florianópolis — SC; Araguaia River — TO. References: Rêgo & Santos (1983), Rêgo et al. (1983, 1985), Vicente et al. (1985), São-Clemente et al. (1994), Marques et al. (1995), Alves & Luque (1999, 2000, 2001 a, b, 2006), Luque & Chaves (1999), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Luque et al. (2000 a, 2008, 2010), Silva et al. (2000 a), Luque & Alves (2001), Tavares et al. (2001, 2005, 2007), Alves et al. (2002 a, b, 2005), Paraguassú et al. (2002), Sabas & Luque (2003), Cordeiro & Luque (2004), Luque & Poulin (2004), Bicudo et al. (2005 a, b), Timi et al. (2005), Tavares & Luque (2006), Knoff et al. (2007), Felizardo et al. (2009 a), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Remark: These larval records could represent species of Pseudoterranova, Terranova or other anisakine genera, as is the case with those listed below as Porrocaecum larvae.	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFA1AC00F3E1F810DCB7919A.taxon	description	Localities: Foz do Iguaçú, Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1994 b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Goezia brevicaeca Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — stomach Hosts: Brycon hilarii, Leporinus friderici. Locality: Foz do Iguaçú, Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1994 b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Goezia leporini Martins & Yoshitoshi — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporinus macrocephalus, Piaractus mesopotamicus. Locality: Batatais — SP. References: Martins & Yoshitoshi (2003), Martins et al. (2004), Eiras et al. (2010). Goezia spinulosa (Diesing) — adult and larva — FW Syn.: Lecanocephalus spinulosus Diesing Hosts and site of infection: “ Acará-açú ”, Arapaima gigas (adult and larva — stomach), Astronotus ocellatus (adult — stomach), Astyanax schubarti * (adult — stomach), Galeocharax knerii * (adult — stomach), Hoplias malabaricus * (adult — intestine, stomach), Leporellus vittatus * (adult — stomach), Leporinus copelandii (adult — stomach), L. elongatus, L. friderici (adult — intestine, caecum), L. obtusidens (adult — intestine), Micropterus salmoides (adult — stomach), Pimelodus maculatus * (adult — stomach), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (unspecified — unspecified), Salminus brasiliensis * (adult — stomach). Localities: Amazonas River Basin; Amazon fish farm — AM; Araguaia River — MT; Posto de Piscicultura Lima Campos — CE; MG; Mexiana Island — PA; Upper Paraná River — PR; Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Guaporé River — RO; Pirassununga — SP. References: Diesing (1839), Travassos et al. (1928), Freitas & Lent (1946), Yamaguti (1961), Rasheed (1965), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Bührnheim (1976), Santos et al. (1979), Thatcher (1981, 1991, 2006), Vicente et al. (1985), Costa et al. (1995), Moravec (1998), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Guidelli et al. (2006), Tavares & Luque (2006), Santos, C. P. et al. (2008), Araujo et al. (2009 b), Santos & Moravec (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Menezes et al. (2011). Remark: According to Bührnheim (1976), larval specimens were found in the mesentery, wall of the stomach and intestine in hosts marked with an asterisk. Goezia sp. — adult and larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Ageneiosus militaris (larva — stomach), Hemisorubim platyrhynchos (adult — intestine), Hoplosternum littorale (adult — intestine), Mylossoma duriventre (larva — stomach), Pimelodus maculatus (adult — intestine), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (larva — stomach), Serrasalmus marginatus (larva — stomach), Trachelyopterus galeatus (adult, intestine — larva, stomach). Localities: São Francisco River — MG; Foz do Iguaçú, Guaira, Paraná River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Guandu River — RJ. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Brasil-Sato (2003), Guidelli et al. (2003), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Abdallah et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFBEAC00F3E1F881DE9390A2.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Psammobatis extenta, Rioraja agassizii Locality: Ubatuba — SP. References: Santos et al. (2004), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFBFAC03F3E1FF0EDC709165.taxon	description	Syn.: Contracaecum fortalezae Klein Hosts: Harengula clupeola, Scomberomorus cavalla, S. maculatus. Localities: Salvador — BA; Fortaleza — CE. References: Klein (1973), Guimarães & Cristófaro (1974), Vicente et al. (1985). Hysterothylacium eurycheilum (Olsen) — adult — MAR — intestine Syn.: Heterotyphlum eurycheilum Olsen Host: Epinephelus guttatus. Locality: Guanabara Bay — RJ. References: Rodrigues et al. (1971), Vicente et al. (1985). Hysterothylacium sp. — larva Syn.: Thynnascaris sp. Hosts and site of infection: Anchoa marinii (MAR — mesentery), A. tricolor (MAR — mesentery), Archosargus rhomboidalis (MAR — intestine), Balistes vetula (MAR — mesentery), Caranx latus (MAR — mesentery), Cichla kelberi (FW — unspecified), Crenicichla lepidota (FW — body cavity), Cynoscion guatucupa (MAR — mesentery), Dactylopterus volitans (MAR — mesentery), Galeocharax knerii (FW — body cavity), Genidens barbus (MAR — mesentery), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — mesentery), Gymnotus carapo (FW — unspecified), Gymnotus sp. (FW — mesentery), Gymnothorax moringa (MAR — mesentery), Hypophthalmus edentatus (FW — body cavity), Leporinus friderici (FW — mesentery, swim bladder), Lophius gastrophysus (MAR — mesentery), Loricarichthys sp. (FW — body cavity), Macrodon ancylodon (MAR — mesentery), Menticirrhus americanus (MAR — mesentery), Merluccius hubbsi (MAR — mesentery), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — intestine, intestinal caecum, stomach, coelomatic cavity, liver, spleen), Mugil liza (FW — unspecified), Pagrus pagrus (MAR — lateral and ventral muscle, mesentery), Paralichthys isosceles (MAR — abdominal cavity, abdominal musculature, intestine, heart serosa, kidney serosa, liver serosa, mesentery, ovary, ovarian serosa, stomach, stomach mucosa, spleen serosa), Parona signata (MAR — mesentery), Peprilus paru (MAR — mesentery), Percophis brasiliensis (MAR — mesentery), Pinguipes brasilianus (MAR — mesentery), Plagioscion squamosissimus (FW — body cavity), Prionotus punctatus (MAR — liver, mesentery), Pseudopercis numida (MAR — mesentery), P. semifasciata (MAR — mesentery), Pterodoras granulosus (FW — body cavity), Pygocentrus piraya (FW — unspecified), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (FW — body cavity), Salminus brasiliensis (FW — body cavity), Selene setapinnis (MAR — mesentery), Serrasalmus brandtii (FW — unspecified), Scomber japonicus (MAR — unspecified), S. scombrus (MAR — mesentery), Trachelyopterus striatulus (FW — unspecified), Tetragonopterus chalceus (FW — unspecified), Trichiurus lepturus (MAR — mesentery), Triportheus guentheri (FW — unspecified), Tylosurus acus acus (MAR — mesentery), Umbrina canosai (MAR — mesentery), Uraspis secunda (MAR — mesentery), Urophycis brasiliensis (MAR — unspecified), U. mystacea (MAR — unspecified). Localities: off Ilhéus — BA; off Fortaleza — CE; off Angra dos Reis, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; off Cassino Beach — RS; off Florianópolis — SC; off RS; Foz do Iguaçú, Itaipú Reservoir, Upper Paraná River — PR; Volta Grande Reservoir — MG. References: Rêgo et al. (1985), Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Luque et al. (2000 a, 2008, 2010), Martins et al. (2000), Silva et al. (2000 a, b), Luque & Alves (2001), Alves et al. (2002 a, b, 2005), Sabas & Luque (2003), Isaac et al. (2004), Cordeiro & Luque (2004, 2005 a, b), Luque & Poulin (2004), Pereira Jr. et al. (2004), Tavares et al. (2004 a. 2005), Bicudo et al. (2005 a, b), Timi et al. (2005, 2010), Alves & Luque (2006), Azevedo et al. (2007 b, 2010), Guidelli et al. (2006), Tavares & Luque (2006, 2008), Knoff et al. (2007), Felizardo et al. (2009 a, b), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Saad & Luque (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Mesquita et al. (2011). Iheringascaris inquies (Linton) — adult — MAR — intestine, stomach and pyloric caeca Syn.: Ascaris inquies Linton; Contracaecum inquies (Linton); C. (Thynnascaris) inquies (Linton); T. inquies (Linton); I. iheringascaris Pereira; C. iheringascaris (Pereira); Thynnascaris iheringascaris (Pereira) Host: Rachycentron canadum. Locality: Natal — RN. References: Pereira (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos et al. (1963), Vicente et al. (1985). Lappetascaris lutjani Rasheed — adult — MAR — stomach Host: Trachipterus jacksonensis. Locality: Atlantic coast — RS. References: Vicente et al. (2002). Raphidascaris (Ichthyascaris) vicentei Santos — adult — MAR Syn.: R. atlanticus Rodrigues; R. yamagutii Vicente & Santos; R. camura Deardorff & Overstreet Hosts and site of infection: Lutjanus synagris (intestine), Harengula clupeola (intestine), Nebris microps (intestine), Sardinella sp. (intestine, stomach). Localities: Salvador — BA; Guanabara Bay, Macaé, Maricá — RJ. References: Santos (1970), Rodrigues (1974), Vicente & Santos (1974), Guimarães et al. (1976), Feijó et al. (1979), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1990), Luque et al. (2000 b). Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) hypostomi (Petter & Cassone) — adult — FW Syn: Sprentascaris hypostomi Petter & Cassone Hosts and site of infection: Ancistrus cirrhosus (intestine, stomach), Hypostomus sp. (intestine, stomach), H. albopunctatus (intestine, stomach), H. cochliodon (unspecified), H. commersoni (intestine, stomach), H. derbyi (intestine, stomach), Metynnis lippincottianus (unspecified). Localities: Salto Osório — PR; Passo Fundo — RS. References: Moravec et al. (1990), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) lanfrediae Melo, Giese, Santos, Santos & Portes Santos — adult — FW Host and site of infection: Satanoperca jurupari (intestine). Localities: Guamá River — PA. References: Melo et al. (2011 b). Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) mahnerti (Petter & Cassone) — adult — FW Syn: Sprentascaris mahnerti Petter & Cassone Hosts and site of infection: Pseudohemiodon laticeps (intestine), Loricariichthys brunneus, L. labialis, L. platymetopon, Loricariichthys sp. (intestine), Metynnis lippincottianus (unspecified). Localities: Paraná River — PR; Uruguai River — RS. References: Moravec et al. (1990, 1993 a), Fortes et al. (1999), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Moreira et al. (2009, 2010), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) sp. of Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes (1993) — FW Hosts and site of infection: Geophagus brasiliensis (larva — intestine), G. proximus (adult — unspecified). Locality: Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Eiras et al. (2010). Menezes et al. (2011). Raphidascaris sp. — adult and larva Hosts and site of infection: Anchoa marinii (MAR — larva — mesentery), Ancistrus cirrhosus (FW — larva — body cavity, intestine), Atlantoraja castelnaui (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Balistes capriscus (MAR — larva — mesentery) Caranx hippos (MAR — larva — mesentery), Cephalopholis fulva (MAR — larva — mesentery), Cyphocharax gilbert (FW — larva — intestine), Dactylopterus volitans (MAR — larva — mesentery), Diapterus rhombeus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Dipturus trachydermus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Euthynnus alletteratus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Galeorhinus galeus (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery), Geophagus proximus (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Gymnothorax moringa (MAR — larva — mesentery), Harengula clupeola (MAR — larva — mesentery), Hypostomus albopunctatus (FW — unspecified — intestine, stomach), H. commersoni (FW — unspecified — intestine, stomach), H. derbyi (FW — unspecified — intestine, stomach), Lophius gastrophysus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Merluccius hubbsi (MAR — larva — mesentery), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — adult and larva — mesentery), Mullus argentinae (MAR — larva — mesentery), Nebris microps (MAR — larva — mesentery, pyloric caeca), Pagrus pagrus (MAR — larva — lateral and ventral musculature, liver, mesentery), Paralichthys isosceles (MAR — larva — abdominal cavity, intestine, liver, mesentery, stomach, stomach serosa), Parona signata (MAR — larva — mesentery), Peprilus paru (MAR — larva — mesentery, pyloric caeca), Percophis brasiliensis (MAR — larva — intestine, pyloric caeca, mesentery), Pinguipes brasilianus (MAR — adult — gills), Pomatomus saltatrix (MAR — larva — mesentery), Priacanthus arenatus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Prionotus punctatus (MAR — larva — liver, mesentery), Prochilodus lineatus (FW — larva — intestine), Pseudopercis numida (MAR — unspecified — mesentery), P. semifasciata (MAR — unspecified — mesentery), Sarda sarda (MAR — larva — mesentery), “ Sardinha Boca Larga ” (MAR — intestine, pyloric caeca), “ Sardinha Maromba ” (MAR — unspecified — intestine), Scomber colias (MAR — larva — intestine), Scomber japonicus (MAR — larva — intestine, mesentery, pyloric caeca, stomach), Scomber scombrus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Scombroides occidentalis * (MAR — larva — intestine), Scyliorhinus haeckelii (MAR — larva — spiral valve), Selene setapinnis (MAR — larva — mesentery), S. vomer (FW — larva — intestine, pyloric caeca), Sphyraena guachancho (MAR — larva — mesentery), Thyrsitops lepidopoides (MAR — larva — intestine, pyloric caeca), Trichiurus lepturus (MAR — larva — mesentery), Umbrina canosai (MAR — larva — mesentery), Uraspis secunda (MAR — larva — mesentery), Urophycis brasiliensis (MAR — larva — mesentery). Localities: Amazonas River Basin; Ilhéus — BA; Fortaleza — CE; Iguaçú River Basin, Upper Paraná River — PR; Cabo Frio, Guandu River, Macaé, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Florianópolis — SC; coast — PR; RS. References: Vicente & Santos (1973, 1974), Rêgo & Santos (1983), Rêgo et al. (1983, 1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn et al. (1988, 1989), Thatcher (1991), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Luque et al. (2000 a, 2002, 2008), Silva et al. (2000 a, b), Knoff et al. (2001, 2007), Luque & Alves (2001), Tavares et al. (2001), Abdallah et al. (2002, 2005), Paraguassú et al. (2000, 2002), Alves et al. (2003, 2004, 2005), Cordeiro & Luque (2004, 2005 b), Luque & Poulin (2004), Bicudo et al. (2005 a, b), Lizama et al. (2005), Alves & Luque (2006), Tavares & Luque (2006), Azevedo et al. (2007 b, 2010), Felizardo et al. (2009 a), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Saad & Luque (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Timi et al. (2010). Remark: Asterisk indicates a host not listed in FishBase (Froese & Pauly, 2010); junior synonym of Oligoplites saurus (Berg). Raphidascaroides brasiliensis Moravec & Thatcher — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pterodoras granulosus. Locality: Janauacá Lake, AM. References: Moravec & Thatcher (1997 c), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFBDAC03F3E1F911D96D90E7.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Astyanax fasciatus (larva), Brachyplatystoma sp. (unspecified), Potamotrygon motoro (unspecified), Hoplias malabaricus (unspecified), Loricaria sp. (larva), Rhaphiodon vulpinus (unspecified), Pygocentrus nattereri (unspecified), Salminus brasiliensis (unspecified), Siluriformes fam. gen. sp. (unspecified) Localities: Barra Seca River, Cupido River, Juruparanã Lagoon — ES; Salobra — MT; Maicurú — PA. References: Travassos & Freitas (1942, 1943, 1948, 1964), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFBAAC05F3E1FC9AD9279463.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Potamotrygon motoro. Locality: Salobra — MS, MT. References: Rêgo (1979), Sprent (1990), Bruce et al. (1994), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Brevimulticaecum sp. — adult and larva — FW Hosts and site of infection: Gymnotus inaequilabiatus *, Hemisorubim platyrhynchos *, Hoplias malabaricus *, Leporinus elongatus (larva — mesentery), L. friderici (larva — mesentery), L. lacustris (larva — mesentery), L. obtusidens (larva — mesentery), Myleus levis *, Platydoras costatus (adult — intestine), Potamotrygon falkneri (larva — stomach), P. motoro (stomach), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans *, Pseudoplatystoma sp. (adult — intestine), Pygocentrus nattereri *, P. piraya (adult — intestine), Serrasalmus marginatus (larva - stomach tissue, mesentery), Sorubim lima *. Localities: Miranda River, Pantanal, Salobra — MS; Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Travassos et al. (1939), Rêgo (1979), Vicente et al. (1985), Lacerda et al. (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Vieira et al. (2010), Vicentin et al. (2011). Remarks: Asterisk indicates that the parasites were in the body cavity, liver, mesentery, muscles or stomach wall. Brevimulticaecum sp. larva of Moravec, Prouza & Royero (1997) — FW Hosts and site of infection: Leporinus friderici (musculature of stomach and intestine, mesentery, adipose tissue), L. lacustris (musculature of stomach and intestine, mesentery, adipose tissue), Potamotrygon falkneri (external wall of stomach). Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Guidelli et al. (2006), Lacerda et al. (2008). Subfamily Toxocarinae (Hartwich) Remark: Toxocarines are typically parasites of terrestrial higher vertebrates and the Brazilian records of Porrocaecum spp. are doubtful (Moravec, 1994, 1998). So, all records of Porrocaecum spp. from fishes are likely to be misidentifications of other ascaridiod, probably anisakid taxa, and, thus, can be considered as ‘ Porrocaecum - like’ species. Porrocaecum jardimfreire Fortes — larva — FW — intestine Hosts: Cathorops agassizii, Genidens barbus, Genidens genidens. Locality: Guaíba Lake — RS. References: Fortes (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995). Remark: Considered a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Porrocaecum paivai Motta & Gomes — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Scomberomorus cavalla. Locality: Fortaleza — CE. References: Mota & Gomes (1968), Vicente et al. (1985). Porrocaecum secundum Chandler — larva — MAR — intestine Host: Oligoplites saurus, “ Lanceta ”. Locality: Macaé — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1973). Porrocaecum sp. — larva Hosts and site of infection: Chaetodipterus faber (MAR — intestine), Franciscodoras marmoratus (FW — unspecified), Hoplias malabaricus (FW — unspecified), “ Lanceta ” (MAR? — unspecified), Leporinus elongatus (FW — mesentery), Piaractus mesopotamicus (FW — mesentery), Platydoras costatus (FW — intestine), Selene vomer (MAR — intestine). Localities: Uberaba — MG; Miranda River — MS; Upper Paraná River — PR; off Macaé — RJ. References: Travassos et al. (1939), Vicente & Santos (1973) ,, Vicente et al. (1985), Martins & Onaka (2004), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFBBAC06F3E1FC4ED9C395E5.taxon	description	Syn.: Monhysterides iheringi Travassos, Artigar & Pereira; Klossiella iheringi (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira) Hosts: Hoplias malabaricus, Leporinus copelandii, L. fasciatus, Mylesinus paraschomburgkii, Myleus asterias, Myleus sp., Piaractus brachypomus, Pterodoras granulosus, Salminus hilarii, Schizodon nasutus, Tetragonopterinae gen. sp. Localities: Capucapu, Pitinga, Uatuma Rivers — AM; Araguari River — AP; Cuiabá River, Paraguai River Basin, São Lourenço River — MT; Trombetas River, Jari River — PA; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Costa (1960, 1961), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Costa et al. (1968), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec & Thatcher (1997 b), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Klossinemella sp. — adult — FW Syn.: Monhysterides sp. Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Rondonia rondoni Travassos — adult and larva — FW — intestine Hosts: Acanthodoras spinosissimus (unspecified), Luciopimelodus pati (unspecified), Mylesinus paraschomburgkii (unspecified), Myletes sp. (adult), Myleus asterias (adult), M. micans (adult), M. torquatus (adult), Myleus sp. (adult), Oxydoras kneri (unspecified), Piaractus brachypomus (adult), P. mesopotamicus (adult and larva), Pimelodus maculatus (unspecified), Pterodoras granulosus (adult), Salminus sp. (unspecified), Synodontis clarias (unspecified), Trachydoras paraguayensis (adult), Zungaro zungaro (unspecified). Localities: Barra and Grande Rivers — BA; São Francisco River, Três Marias Reservoir — MG; Aquidauana, Miranda and Paraná River, Porto Cabral — MS; Paraguai and São Lourenço Rivers, Pantanal — MT; Amazonas, Cachimbo and Trombetas Rivers — PA; Porto Rico, Paraná River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Porto Cabral, Paraná River, Pirassununga, Tietê River — SP. References: Travassos (1920, 1923, 1945), Travassos et al. (1928, 1939), Baylis (1936), Gállego – Berenger (1947), Yamaguti (1961), Costa (1962, 1963), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Santos et al. (1979, 2003), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Kohn et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1992 a), Martins & Urbinati (1993), Parra et al. (1997), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Moravec & Thatcher (1997 b), Moravec (1998), Brasil-Sato & Santos (2003), Brasil-Sato (2003), Dias et al. (2004), Martins et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2004, 2009), Campos et al. (2007, 2009 a), Eiras et al. (2010). Rondonia sp. — FW Hosts and site of infection: Myletes sp. (unspecified — unspecified), Myleus sp. (unspecified — intestine), Piaractus brachypomus (unspecified — unspecified). Localities: Maicurú — PA; Mato Grosso; Salobra — MS. References: Travassos (1940 b), Travassos & Freitas (1943, 1964), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB8AC06F3E1FC9EDE3694B0.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Sardinella sp. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Feijó et al. (1979), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB8AC07F3E1FBA2D9429650.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Piaractus mesopotamicus Locality: Aquidauana and Miranda River, Porto Cabral — MS. References: Campos et al. (2009 a), Eiras et al. (2010). Falcaustra mirandafroesi (Fortes) — adult — BW — intestine Syn.: Spironoura mirandafroesi Fortes Hosts: Cathorops agassizii, Genidens barbus, Genidens genidens. Locality: Guaíba Lake — RS. References: Fortes (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Moravec (1998). Remark: This species was considered to be a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Myleusnema brasiliense Moravec & Thatcher — adult — FW — intestine Host: Myleus sp. Locality: Tocantins River — PA. References: Moravec & Thatcher (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Spectatus spectatus Travassos — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Myletes sp., Piaractus brachypomus, P. mesopotamicus, Pterodoras granulosus. Localities: Porto Esperança, Porto São João, São Lourenço River and Pantanal — MT; Miranda River, Salobra and Pantanal — MS; Paraná River and Porto Cabral — SP. References: Travassos (1923, 1945), Travassos et al. (1928, 1939), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Moravec (1998), Santos et al. (2003), Thatcher (2006), Campos et al. (2009 a), Eiras et al. (2010). Spectatus sp. — FW — intestine Hosts and site of infection: Mylossoma duriventre (adult), Piaractus mesopotamicus (adult, juvenile). Locality: Foz do Iguaçú, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB9AC07F3E1FEC3D9429563.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Zungaro zungaro. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB9AC0CF3E1FD17DF9396F4.taxon	description	Syn.: Bacudacnitis grandistomis Ferraz & Thatcher Host: Oxydoras niger, Mugil liza. Locality: Amazonas River — AM, Guandu River - RJ, Solimões River – AM. References: Ferraz & Thatcher (1988), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010), Silva et al. (2011)	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB9AC0CF3E1FD17DF9396F4.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and site of infection: Ageneiosus militaris (intestine), Galeocharax knerii (unspecified), Leporinus copelandii (intestine), Loricaria sp. (intestine), Luciopimelodus pati (unspecified), Megalonema platanum (unspecified), Pimelodella gracilis (intestine), Pimelodus albicans (unspecified), P. maculatus (intestine), P. ornatus (intestine), Pimelodus sp. (unspecified), Pseudopimelodus mangurus (unspecified), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (unspecified), P. fasciatum (unspecified), Pseudoplatystoma sp. (unspecified), Rhamdia quelen (intestine) Schizodon borelli (unspecified), Steindachneridion parahybae (intestine), Synodontis clarias (unspecified), Zungaro zungaro (unspecified). Localities: Pantanal — MS; Paraná River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP; Aquidauna River — MG; Guandu River - RJ. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Moravec et al. (1993 a, 1997), Moreira et al. (1994), Machado et al. (1994, 1995, 1996), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Moravec (1998) ,, Brasil-Sato (2003), Thatcher (2006), Santos et al. (2007), Albuquerque et al. (2008), Campos et. al. (2008, 2009 c), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010), Venancio et al. (2010). Cucullanus (Cucullanus) pinnai pterodorasi Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pterodoras granulosus. Locality: Guaira, Itaipú Reservoir — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Eiras et al. (2010), Silva et al. (2011). Cucullanus (Cucullanus) pseudoplatystomae Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum. Localities: Pantanal — MS; Upper Paraná River — PR; Aquidauna River — MG. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Machado et al. (1994, 1995, 1996), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Campos et al. (2008, 2009 c), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010) Cucullanus (Cucullanus) zungaro Vaz & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Hemisorubim platyrhynchos, Luciopimelodus pati, Zungaro zungaro. Localities: Foz do Iguaçú, Upper Paraná River — PR; Piracicaba and Tietê Rivers — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Thatcher (1991,2006), Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Guidelli et al. (2003), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2009). Cucullanus (Cucullanus) sp. — adult — FW — spiral valve Host: Potamotrygon falkneri. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. Reference: Lacerda et al. (2009). Cucullanus ageneiosus Giese, Furtado, Lanfredi & Santos — adult — FW — intestine Host: Ageneiosus ucayalensis. Locality: Guajará Bay, Belém — PA. Reference: Giese et al. (2010). Cucullanus carioca Vicente & Fernandes — adult — MAR – intestine Hosts: Pinguipes brasilianus, Pseudopercis numida, P. semifasciata. Locality: Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Vicente & Fernandes (1978), Vicente et al. (1985), Luque et al. (2008), Timi et al. (2010). Cucullanus cassinensis Pereira Jr. & Costa — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Micropogonias furnieri. Locality: Coast, Patos Lagoon — RS. References: Pereira Jr. & Costa (1996), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Pereira Jr. et al. (2002). Remark: Considered to be a species inquirenda by Timi et al. (2009). Cucullanus cirratus Müller — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Micropogonias undulatus, Urophycis mystacea. Locality: Macaé, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1973), Vicente et al. (1985), Alves et al. (2002 c). Cucullanus debacoi Sarmento, Fortes & Hoffmann — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Guaíba Lake, Porto Alegre — RS. References: Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Sarmento et al. (1995), Vicente & Pinto (1999). Remark: Considered to be a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Cucullanus dodsworthi Barreto — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Sphoeroides testudineus. Locality: Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Barreto (1922), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985). Cucullanus fabregasi Fortes, Hoffmann & Sarmento — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Guaíba Lake, Porto Alegre — RS. References: Fortes et al. (1993 b), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Vicente & Pinto (1999). Remark: Considered to be a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Cucullanus genypteri Sardella, Navone & Timi — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Genypterus brasiliensis. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Alves et al. (2001 a, 2002 a, b). Cucullanus heliomartinsi Moreira, Rocha & Costa — adult — FW — intestine Host: Trachelyopterus striatulus. Locality: Central Lake, Doce River State Park — MG. References: Moreira et al. (2000), Eiras et al. (2010). Cucullanus patoi Fortes, Hoffmann & Sarmento — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Guaíba Lake — RS. References: Fortes et al. (1992), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Vicente & Pinto (1999). Remark: Considered to be a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Cucullanus pulcherrimus Barreto — adult — MAR — intestine Hosts: Caranx hippos, C. lugubris, Micropogonias furnieri, Mugil platanus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis. Localities: Trindade Island — ES; Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Coast and Patos Lagoon — RS. References: Barreto (1918, 1922), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente et al. (1985), Pinto et al. (1992), Pereira Jr. & Costa (1996), Knoff et al. (1997), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Alves et al. (2000), Luque & Alves (2001), Pereira Jr. et al. (2002). Cucullanus riograndensis Fortes, Hoffmann & Sarmento — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Guaíba Lake — RS. References: Fortes et al. (1993 a), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Vicente & Pinto (1999). Renark: Considered to be a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Cucullanus rougetae Vicente & Santos — adult — FW — intestine Host: Plagioscion auratus. Locality: Macaé — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1974). Cucullanus schubarti Travassos — adult — FW — intestine Host: Zungaro zungaro. Localities: Amazonas River Basin; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos (1947, 1948), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006). Cucullanus sp. — adult Host: Ariidae gen. sp. (MAR — intestine), Astyanax bimaculatus (FW — intestine), Brachyplatystoma sp. (FW — intestine), Brycon hilarii (FW — intestine), Centropomus undecimalis (BW — pyloric caeca), Cynoscion guatucupa (MAR — intestine), Geophagus brasiliensis (FW — intestine), Leporellus vittatus (FW — intestine), Leporinus copelandii (FW — intestine), Macrodon ancylodon (MAR — intestine), Micropogonias furnieri (MAR — intestine), Mugil curema (BW — intestine), Pimelodus blochii (FW — intestine), P. maculatus (FW — intestine), Pimelodus sp. (FW — intestine), Potamotrygon falkneri (FW — spiral valve), Prionotus punctatus (MAR — intestine), Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (FW — intestine), Pseudoplatystoma sp. (FW — intestine), Pterodoras granulosus (FW — intestine), Rhamdia quelen (FW — unspecified), Serrasalmus maculatus (FW — unspecified), S. marginatus (FW — intestine), S. spilopleura (FW — intestine), Sorubim lima (FW — intestine), Trachelyopterus galeatus (FW — intestine), T. striatulus (FW — unspecified), Urophycis brasiliensis (MAR — intestine), Zungaro zungaro (FW — intestine). Localities: off Ilhéus — BA; off Fortaleza — CE; off São Luis — MA; São Francisco River, Aquidauana River — MG; Bodoquena, Miranda River, Salobra — MS; MT; Bragança — PA; Paranaguá Bay, Upper Paraná River — PR; Guandú River, off Rio de Janeiro — RJ; off Cassino Beach — RS; off Florianópolis — SC; Cananéia, Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1939), Travassos & Freitas (1942), Kloss (1966), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Fernandes (1978), Conroy & Conroy (1984), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Brasil-Sato (2003), Sabas & Luque (2003), Santos et al. (2003), Alves et al. (2004), Luque & Poulin (2004), Bicudo et al. (2005 a), Timi et al. (2005), Lacerda et al. (2008), Fujimoto et al. (2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Campos et al. (2009 b), Azevedo et al. (2010), Carvalho et al. (2010), Mesquita et al. (2011). Cucullanus sp. A of Bührnheim (1976) — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporellus vittatus, Schizodon nasutus. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Cucullanus sp. B of Bührnheim (1976) — Unspecified stage of development — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985) Cucullanus sp. 1 — adult and larva — FW — intestine Host: Zungaro zungaro. Locality: Paraná River, Guaira — PR. Reference: Moravec et al. (1993 a). Remark: This species is C. pinna according to Moravec et al. (1997). Cucullanus sp. 2 — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pterodoras granulosus. Locality: Paraná River, Guaira — PR. Reference: Moravec et al. (1993 a). Cucullanus sp. 3 — adult — FW — intestine Host: Serrasalmus marginatus. Locality: Paraná River, Guaira — PR. Reference: Moravec et al. (1993 a). Cucullanus (Truttaedacnitis) rhamphichthydis Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Rhamphichthys rostratus. Locality: Itaipú Reservoir — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Moreira et al. (2000), Kohn et al. (2003), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicol a Timi, Lanfranchi, Tavares & Luque — MAR — intestine Hosts: Micropogonias furnieri, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Umbrina canosai. Localities: Ilhéus — BA; Fortaleza — CE; Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Patos Lagoon and Cassino Beach — RS; Florianópolis — SC. References: Pinto et al. (1970), Vicente et al. (1985, 1989), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Pereira Jr. & Costa (1996), Pereira Jr. et al. (2002), Alves & Luque (1999, 2000, 2001 a, b), Timi et al. (2009), Luque et al. (2010). Remark: Previously reported as Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) elongatus (Tornquist, 1931), D. (C.) amaruincai (Freitas, Vicente & Ibañez, 1969), D. (C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio & Noronha, 1970) and D. (Dichelyne) micropogonii Pereira Jr. & Costa, 1996. Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) travassosi (Guimarães & Cristofaro) — adult — MAR — stomach, intestine Syn.: Cucullanus travassosi Guimarães & Cristofaro Hosts: Balistes vetula, Halichoeres radiatus. Locality: Salvador — BA. References: Guimarães & Cristofaro (1974), Vicente & Santos (1974), Vicente et al. (1985), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009). Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sp. Hosts and site of infection: Paralonchurus brasiliensis (MAR — intestine), Trachelyopterus galeatus (FW — adult). Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Marambaia Island — RJ. References: Pinto et al. (1992), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Takemoto et al. (2009). Dichelyne (Dichelyne) leporini Petter — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporinus friderici, Leporinus lacustris, Schizodon fasciatus. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Dichelyne (Dichelyne) pimelodi Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus sp. Locality: Guaíra, Itaipú Reservoir — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Dichelyne sp. — adult Hosts and site of infection: Balistes capriscus (MAR — intestine), B. vetula (MAR — intestine), Pseudopercis numida (MAR — intestine), P. semifasciata (MAR — intestine). Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Alves et al. (2005), Luque et al. (2008), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009). Neocucullanus neocucullanus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira — adult — FW Syn: Cucullanus interrogativus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira; C. neocucullanus (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira); Neocucullanus multipapilatus Petter Hosts and site of infection: Brycon sp., Brycon hilarii (intestine, pyloric caeca), Characidae gen. sp. (intestine), Salminus brasiliensis (intestine), S. hilarii (liver). Localities: Das Velhas River Basin — MG; Juba River — MT; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Rodrigues et al. (2002), Brasil-Sato (2003), Saraiva et al. (2006 b, c), Eiras et al. (2010). Cucullanidae gen. sp. — adult — FW — intestine Host: Galeocharax humeralis. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. Reference: Kohn & Fernandes (1987).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB2AC0CF3E1FE6FDE399248.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Pterodoras granulosus, Trachydoras paraguayensis. Locality: Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 c, 1993 a, 1997), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Paraseuratum albidum Kloss — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, Erythrinus erythrinus, Tetragonopterus argenteus. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Kloss (1966), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Paraseuratum soaresi Fábio — adult — FW Host: Hoplias malabaricus. Locality: Campos — RJ. References: Fábio (1982), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Paraseuratum sp. — Unspecified stage of development — FW Syn.: “ Paraseuratum luroris ” of Bührnheim (1976) Host: Hoplias malabaricus. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB2AC0EF3E1FA64D968923A.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Pimelodella lateristriga. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a, b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Cosmoxynema vianai Travassos — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Cyphocharax gilbert (intestine), Pseudocurimata sp. (intestine), Steindachnerina brevipinna, S. elegans (intestine), S. insculpta (unspecified). Localities: Barra Seca River and Juparanã Lagoon — ES; Guaíra, Low Paranapanema river, Paraná River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos (1948), Yamaguti (1961), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1992 a) ,, Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Takemoto et al. (2009), Ceschini et al. (2010 a, b), Eiras et al. (2010). Cosmoxynemoides aguirrei Travassos — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus, Curimatella lepidura, Cyphocharax gilbert, Geophagus brasiliensis, G. steindachneri, Pseudocurimata sp., Steindachnerina elegans. Localities: Barra Seca River and Juparanã Lagoon — ES; Guaíra, Paraná River — PR; Guandu River — RJ; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos (1948), Yamaguti (1961), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1992 a, 1994 a), Moravec (1998), Abdallah et al. (2005), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010). Cosmoxynemoides sp. — adult — FW — intestine Host: Trachydoras paraguayensis. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Takemoto et al. (2009). Ichthyouris brasiliensis Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Megalancistrus aculeatus. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a, b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Ichthyouris bursata Moravec & Prouza — adult — FW — intestine Host: Symphysodon aequifasciatus. Locality: Brazil. References: Moravec & Laoprasert (2008). Ichthyouris laterifilamenta Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Trachydoras paraguayensis. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Ichthyouris ovofilamentosa Moravec & Thatcher — adult — FW — intestine Host: Cichlasoma sp. Locality: Negro River — AM. References: Moravec & Thatcher (2001), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Ichthyouris voltagrandensis Martins, Yoshitoshi & Umekita — adult — FW — intestine Host: Myleus tiete. Locality: Volta Grande Reservoir — MG. References: Martins et al. (2001, 2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Ichthyouris sp. of Moravec & Thatcher (2001) — adult — FW — intestine Host: Cichlasoma sp. Locality: Negro River — AM. References: Moravec & Thatcher (2001), Eiras et al. (2010). Parasynodontisia petterae Moravec, Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Host: Rhinelepis aspera. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1992 a, b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Spinoxyuris annulata Moravec & Thatcher — adult — FW — Unspecified site of infection Host: Mylossoma aureum. Locality: Guandu River — RJ. Reference: Azevedo et al. (2010). Spinoxyuris oxydoras Petter — adult — FW — Unspecified site of infection Host: Metynnis lippincottianus, Oxydoras kneri. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Moreira et al. (2009, 2010), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Spinoxyuris sp. — adult — FW — intestine Host: Steindachnerina brevipinna. Locality: Low Paranapanema river — PR. Reference: Ceschini et al. (2010 a, b). Travnema araujoi Fernandes, Campos & Artigas — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Cyphocharax gilbert, Salminus sp., Steindachnerina elegans. Localities: Amazonas River; Guandu River – RJ; Paraná River — PR; Ilha Solteira Dam — SP. References: Travassos (1920, 1945), Travassos et al. (1928, 1939), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Santos et al. (1979), Fernandes et al. (1983), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rêgo & Vicente (1988), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1992 a), Martins & Urbinati (1993), Moravec & Thatcher (1997 b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Abdallah et al. (2005), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010). Travnema travnema Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Hosts and site of infection: Astyanax bimaculatus, Cyphocharax gilbert, C. plumbeus, Steindachnerina elegans, S. insculpta, S. brevipinna. Localities: Fortaleza — CE; Guaíra, Itaipú Reservoir, Lower Paranapanema River, Paraná and Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Pereira (1938), Yamaguti (1961), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Kohn et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1992 a, 1994 a), Moravec (1998), Takemoto et al. (2009), Ceschini et al. (2010 a, b), Eiras et al. (2010). Travnema sp. — FW — pyloric caeca and intestine Syn.: “ Travnema incoptus ” of Bührnheim (1976, unpublished) Hosts: Cyphocharax gilbert, Steindachnerina elegans, Pseudocurimata sp. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Remark: According to Bührnheim (1976), this parasite differs from T. travnema.	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB0AC0EF3E1F90CD87E90CD.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus (intestine), Brycon hilarii (unspecified), Cyphocharax gilbert (intestine), Moenkhausia doceana (intestine), Pimelodus fur (immature — unspecified), Pygocentrus nattereri (unspecified). Localities: Sooterama — ES; Salobra — MT; Ilha Seca — SP. References: Travassos (1940 a), Travassos & Feitas (1942), Travassos et al. (1964), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB1AC0FF3E1FF0EDE3B9152.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. Locality: Amazonas River Basin — AM. References: Ferraz & Thatcher (1990), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Eiras et al. (2010). Camallanus cotti Fujita — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Apistogramma cacatuoides (unspecified), Betta splendens (rectal lumen), Poecilia latipinna (unspecified), P. reticulata (intestine), Pterophylum scalare (unspecified), Xiphophorus helleri (unspecified). Locality: Itaguaí, Niterói — RJ. References: Alves et al. (2000), Menezes et al. (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Camallanus maculatus Martins, Garcia, Piazza & Ghiraldelli — adult and larva — FW — intestine Host: Xiphophorus maculatus, Poecilia sphenops. Locality: Araraquara — SP. References: Martins et al. (2007), Eiras et al. (2010). Camallanus (Camallanus) tridentatus (Drasche) — adult — FW Syn.: Cucullanus tridentatus Drasche Hosts and site of infection: Arapaima gigas (stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine), Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (intestine). Localities: Amazon fish farm — AM; Amazonas River Basin, Mexiana Island — PA. References: Drasche (1884 a), Baylis (1927), Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Vicente et al. (1985), Ferraz & Thatcher (1990), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Araujo et al. (2009 b), Santos & Moravec (2009 a), Eiras et al. (2010). Camallanus sp. — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Astronotus ocellatus, Charax gibbosus, Poecilia sphenops. Locality: Bodoquena, Salobra — MS. References: Travassos & Freitas (1942), Vicente et al. (1985), Eiras et al. (2010). Oncophora melanocephala (Rudolphi) — adult — MAR — intestine Syn.: Trichocephalus gibbosus Rudolphi; Cucullanus melanocephalus Rudolphi Hosts: Auxis thazard thazard, Priacanthus arenatus, Sarda sarda, Thunnus albacores, T. atlanticus, T. thynnus. Locality: Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Rudolphi (1819), Diesing, 1851, Pinto et al. (1988), Moravec et al. (1999), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Tavares et al. (2001), Alves & Luque (2006).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FFB1AC0FF3E1F9CEDE4390A3.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Hypophthalmus edentatus, Pterodoras granulosus. Localities: Marchantaria Island, Solimões River — AM; Itaipú Reservoir, Paraná River — PR References: Ferraz & Thatcher (1992), Moravec et al. (1993 b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Eiras et al. (2010). Paracamallanus sp. — Unspecified stage of development — FW — intestine Host: Hypophthalmus edentates. Locality: Amazonas River Basin. References: Thatcher (1991), Vicente & Pinto (1999).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF8EAC35F3E1FF0ED8439789.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Bryconops alburnoides. Locality: Amazonas River Basin — AM. References: Moravec & Thatcher (1997 a), Moravec (1998), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Procamallanus) annipetterae Kohn & Fernandes — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: Procamallanus petterae Kohn & Fernandes Hosts: Hypostomus albopunctatus, H. cochliodon. Locality: Iguaçu River Basin — PR. References: Kohn et al. (1988), Kohn & Fernandes (1988 a, b), Moravec & Sey (1988), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Procamallanus) peraccuratus Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Australoheros facetus, Cichla ocellaris, Crenicichla lepidota, Geophagus brasiliensis, Gymnotus carapo, Hoplias malabaricus, Pimelodus ortmanni, Potamotrygon motoro, Schizodon nasutus, Trachelyopterus striatulus. Localities: Cupido, Engano, Itaunas Rivers and Juparanã Lake, Santa Tereza — ES; Guandú River — RJ; Iguaçu River Basin — PR; Paraná; Pirassununga — SP; Upper Parana River. References: Pinto et al. (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn et al. (1988, 1989), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 b), Pavanelli et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2009), Azevedo et al. (2010), Carvalho et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010), Mesquita et al. (2011). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) amarali Vaz & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporinus copelandii, L. elongatus, L. friderici, L. obtusidens, Leporinus sp. Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga, Tietê River, Salto — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Yamaguti (1961), Pinto et al. (1974, 1975), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) barroslimai Pereira — Unspecified stage of development — FW — intestine Hosts: Clupeidae gen. sp., “ Sardinha ”, Triportheus sp. Localities: Amazonas River Basin — AM; Cruzeta — RN. References: Pereira (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Pinto & Noronha (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) belenensis Giese, Santos & Lanfredi — adult — FW — intestine Host: Ageneiosus ucayalensis. Locality: Guajará Bay Belém — PA. References: Giese et al. (2009). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) caballeroi Bashirullah — adult — FW — intestine Host: Astyanax altiparanae. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Pavanelli et al. (2004), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) cruzi Guimarães, Cristofaro & Rodrigues — adult — MAR Hosts and site of infection: Mullus argentinae (intestine), Polydactylus virginicus (intestine and stomach). Localities: Salvador — BA; Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Guimarães et al. (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Luque et al. (2002). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) freitasi (Moreira, Oliveira & Costa) — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Bergiaria westermanni, Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus sp .. Locality: São Francisco River — MG. References: Moreira et al. (1991), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Brasil- Sato (2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus (Fusco & Overstreet) — adult — MAR — intestine Hosts: Citharichthys macrops, Syacium papillosum. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. References: Cárdenas & Lanfredi (2005), Cárdenas et al. (2005). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii Vaz & Pereira — adult and larva — FW — intestine Syn.: Spirocamallanus hilarii Vaz & Pereira; Procamallanus (S.) cearensis Pereira, Dias & Azevedo; P. cearensis Pereira, Dias & Azevedo; P. (Isospiculus) cearensis (Pereira, Dias & Azevedo); S. incarocai Freitas & Ibáñes Hosts: Acestrorhynchus microlepis (unspecified), Astyanax bimaculatus (adult), A. fasciatus (adult), A. parahybae (adult), Hoplias lacerdae (adult), H. malabaricus (adult), Oligosarcus macrolepis (adult), Rhamdia quelen (adult), Salminus hilarii (adult), Steindachnerina elegans (adult and larva), Trichomycterus piurae (unspecified). Localities: Fortaleza, Porangaba, Soure, Tauapé — CE; Atuba, Santo Amaro, Curitiba, Iguaçú River, Paraná — PR; Guandu River — RJ; Passo Fundo Reservoir, Uruguay River — RS; Pirassununga — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Pereira et al. (1936), Yamaguti (1961), Pinto et al. (1974), Bührnheim (1976), Pinto & Noronha (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Kohn et al. (1988, 1989), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Abdallah et al. (2004), Azevedo et al. (2010), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) iheringi Travassos, Artigas & Pereira — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Anostominae gen. sp. (intestine, pyloric caeca), Astyanax fasciatus (intestine), Characidae gen. sp. (unspecified), Hoplias malabaricus (intestine), Hoplias sp. (intestine, pyloric caeca), Leporinus copelandii (intestine), L. elongatus (intestine), L. fasciatus (intestine), L. friderici (intestine), L. obtusidens (intestine), L. octofasciatus (intestine), Leporinus sp. (intestine), Salminus hilarii (intestine), Schizodon borellii (intestine), S. fasciatus (intestine), S. nasutus (intestine), Tetragonopterinae gen. sp. (intestine, pyloric caeca), Tetragonopterus sp. (intestine), Zungaro zungaro (intestine). Localities: Linhares — ES; Nova Ponte Dam, Perdizes — MG; Paraná, Upper Paraná River — PR; Paraná River, Pirassununga, Porto Cabral — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Travassos & Freitas (1948), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Pinto et al. (1974, 1975), Pinto & Noronha (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 b), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Feltran et al. (2004), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira) — adult — FW Syn.: Spirocamallanus inopinatus (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira); Procamallanus fariasi Pereira; P. wrighti Pereira; S. wrighti Olsen; P. (Isospiculus) wrighti Ali; P. probus Pinto & Fernandes; P. (S.) wrighti Pereira Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus falcatus (unspecified), Ageneiosus inermis (unspecified), Astronotus ocellatus (intestine), Astyanax altiparanae (intestine), A. bimaculatus (intestine), A. fasciatus (intestine), A. lacustris (unspecified), A. schubarti (intestine), Astyanax sp. (intestine), Brycon amazonicus (intestine), B. cephalus (intestine), B. falcatus (intestine), B. hilarii (intestine, pyloric caeca), B. orthotaenia (intestine), Brycon sp. (intestine), Calophysus macropterus (intestine), Charax gibbosus, Cichla keberi (intestine), Crenicichla haroldoi (intestine), Galeocharax humeralis (intestine), Hoplias malabaricus (intestine, pyloric caecum), Leporellus vittatus (unspecified), Leporinus agassizii (intestine), L. copelandii (intestine), L. elongatus (intestine), L. fasciatus (intestine), L. friderici (intestine), L. lacustris (intestine), L. obtusidens (intestine), L. octofasciatus (intestine), L. piau (intestine), L. reinhardti (intestine), L. striatus (intestine), L. taeniatus (intestine), Leporinus sp. (intestine), Metynnis lippincottianus (unspecified), Myleus asterias (intestine), M. schomburgkii (unspecified), Pimelodus blochii (intestine), Potamotrygon motoro (intestine), Prochilodus lineatus (intestine), Pterodoras granulosus (intestine), Pygocentrus nattereri (intestine), P. piraya (intestine), Pygocentrus sp. (intestine), Salminus brasiliensis (intestine), S. hilarii (intestine), Schizodon borellii (intestine), S. knerii (intestine), S. nasutus (intestine), Serrasalmus brandtii (intestine), S. gouldingi (unspecified), S. maculatus (unspecified), S. manueli (unspecified), S. marginatus (intestine), S. spilopleura (intestine), Trachydoras paraguayensis (intestine), Triportheus paranensis (unspecified). Localities: Manaus, Negro and Solimões Rivers — AM; Juruparanã Lagoon — ES; Alfenas, Harmonia, Perdizes, São Francisco River, Três Marias Reservoir — MG; Juba River, Pantanal, Salobra — MT; Cachimbo, Curuá River — PA; Areia, Patos — PB; Paulistana — PI; Paraná, Upper Paraná River — PR; Campos, Rio de Janeiro, Guandu River — RJ; Cruzeta, Caicó — RN; Machado River, Porto Velho — RO; Aguaí, Campinas, Paraná River, Pirassununga, Porto Cabral — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Pereira (1935), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Kloss (1966), Pinto & Fernandes (1972), Pinto & Noronha (1972, 1976), Pinto et al. (1974, 1975, 1976), Santos et al. (1979), Vicente & Pinto (1981, 1999), Fábio (1982), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Petter & Thatcher (1988), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 b), Moreira et al. (1994, 2009, 2010), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Andrade et al. (2001), Brasil-Sato (2003), Feltran et al. (2004), Adriano et al. (2005), Guidelli et al. (2006), Saraiva et al. (2006 a, b), Andrade & Malta (2006), Azevedo et al. (2007 c, 2010), Araujo et al. (2009 a), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010), Takemoto & Lizama (2010), Vicentin et al. (2011). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) macaensis Vicente & Santos — adult Syn.: P. macaensis Vicente & Santos Hosts and site of infection: “ Cara suja ” (MAR — intestine), Chaetodipterus faber (MAR — intestine), Dactylopterus volitans (MAR — intestine), Menticirrhus americanus (MAR — intestine), Micropogonias undulatus (MAR — intestine), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (MAR — intestine), Plagioscion auratus (FW — intestine), Thyrsitops lepidopoides (MAR — intestine), Urophycis brasiliensis (MAR), Urophycis sp. (MAR — intestine). Locality: Macaé — RJ. References: Vicente & Santos (1972, 1973), Pinto et al. (1974), Pinto & Noronha (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Alves et al. (2004), Cordeiro & Luque (2005 b). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) paraensis Pinto & Noronha — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Erythrinus erythrinus, “ Jeju ”. Localities: Amazonas River Basin — AM; Cachimbo — PA. References: Pinto & Noronha (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Remark: Thatcher (2006) suggested that the “ Jeju ” may be an erythrinid. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai Annereaux — adult — MAR Hosts: Atlantoraja castelnaui (spiral valve), Menticirrhus americanus (intestine), Micropogonias furnieri (intestine), Nebris microps (intestine), Paralonchurus brasiliensis (intestine), Porichthys porosissimus (intestine), Stellifer brasiliensis (intestine), Symphurus tessellatus (intestine). Localities: Araruama, Rio de Janeiro — RJ; Coast — RS. References: Pinto et al. (1984), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Santos et al. (1999), Knoff et al. (2001), Ribeiro et al. (2002), Luque et al. (2003). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pexatus Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pygidium brasiliensis. Locality: Santa Tereza — ES. References: Pinto et al. (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Remark: The host genus has been considered as a genus inquirendum (Pinna & Wosiacki, 2003; Ferraris, 2007; Eschmeyer, 2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: P. intermedius Pinto, Fábio, Noronha &. Rolas Hosts: Iheringichthys labrosus, Pimelodella lateristriga, P. blochii, P. maculatus, P. ortmanni, Pimelodus sp., Synodontis clarias. Localities: Porto Esperança — MT; Pantanal — MT; Paraná, Upper Paraná River — PR; Paraná River, Pirassununga — SP. References: Pinto et al. (1974, 1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Kohn et al. (1988), Rêgo & Vicente (1988 b), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 b), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Moreira et al. (2005), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pintoi (Kohn & Fernandes) — adult — FW — intestine Syn. S. pintoi Kohn & Fernandes Hosts: Corydoras aeneus, C. paleatus. Locality: Paraná, Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Kohn et al. (1988), Kohn & Fernandes (1988 a), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Ito et al. (2005), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Ageneiosus ucayalensis, “ Bagre ”, Pimelodella lateristriga, Pimelodus albicans, P. maculatus, Rhinodoras dorbignyi, Serrasalmus sp., Synodontis clarias. Localities: Belém, Guajará Bay — PA; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamagutti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Pinto et al. (1974), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Giese et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) saofranciscensis (Moreira, Oliveira & Costa) — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: S. saofranciscensis Moreira, Oliveira & Costa Hosts: Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Astyanax fasciatus, Tetragonopterus chalceus, Triportheus guentheri. Locality: São Francisco River — MG. References: Moreira et al. (1994), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Brasil-Sato (2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) solani Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas — adult — FW — intestine Host: Siluriformes fam. gen. sp. Locality: Amazonas River, Maicurú — PA. References: Pinto et al. (1975), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Rodrigues et al. (1991), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. — adult and larva — FW Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus (intestine), A. fasciatus (intestine), Auchenipterus osteomystax (unspecified), Bivibranchia fowleri (unspecified), Bivibranchia velox (unspecified), “ Cará-cachimbo ” (intestine), “ Chimboré ” (intestine), Colossoma macropomum (adult — intestine), Conorynchus conirostris (larva — intestine), “ Ferreirinha ” (intestine), Hemiodus sp. (intestine), Leporinus friderici (unspecified), L. obtusidens (adult — intestine), Pachyurus squamipennis (adult — intestine), “ Peixe-cachorro ” (intestine), Paracheirodon axelrodi (intestine), Pimelodus maculatus (adult — unspecified), Prochilodus lineatus (adult — intestine), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (adult — intestine), Rhinodoras dorbignyi (intestine), Salminus hilarii (adult — intestine), Triportheus nematurus (intestine). Localities: Amazonas River, Maicurú, Xingu River — PA; São Francisco River — MG; Iguaçú River, Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Pinto et al. (1976), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Kohn et al. (1988), Machado et al. (1996), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Fischer et al. (2003), Brasil-Sato & Santos (2005), Takemoto et al. (2009), Tavernari et al. (2009), Costa & Camargo (2009). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: " S. furcospiculum " of Bührnheim (1976) Hosts: Pimelodus maculatus, Pimelodus sp. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: " S. laticonchus " of Bührnheim (1976) Hosts: Acestrorhynchus lacustris, Astyanax bimaculatus, A. fasciatus, A. schubarti, Hoplias malabaricus, Salminus brasiliensis, S. hilarii. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. A of Bührnheim (1976) — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporinus copelandii, L. lacustris, L. striatus, Pimelodus maculatus Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Remark: Bührnheim (1976) claimed to have found only larva specimens. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. B of Bührnheim (1976) — adult — FW — intestine Hosts: Leporinus lacustris, L. octofasciatus, Leporinus sp. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985). Procamallanus sp. — adult and larva Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (FW — adult — intestine), Astyanax bimaculatus (FW — adult — intestine), A. fasciatus (FW — adult — intestine), Astyanax sp. (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Australoheros facetus (FW – unspecified — unspecified), Brevoortia aurea (MAR — adult — intestine), Brycon insignis (FW — adult — intestine, stomach), Calophysus macropterus (FW — unspecified — intestine), “ Cará-cachimbo ” (FW — unspecified — intestine), Colossoma macropomum (FW — adult — intestine), Genypterus brasiliensis (MAR — adult — intestine), Hemiodus sp. (FW — unspecified — intestine), Hoplias malabaricus (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Leporinus macrocephalus (FW — adult — intestine), L. octofasciatus (FW — unspecified — intestine), L. striatus (FW — unspecified — intestine), Leporinus sp. (FW — unspecified — intestine), Menticirrhus americanus (MAR — adult — intestine), Paracheirodon axelrodi (FW — unspecified — intestine), “ Peixe-cachorro ” (FW — unspecified — intestine), Percophis brasiliensis (MAR — adult — intestine), Pimelodus blochii (FW — unspecified — unspecified), P. maculatus (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Prionotus punctatus (MAR — adult — intestine), Prochilodus lineatus (FW — larva — intestine), Pseudopercis numida (MAR — adult — intestine), P. semifasciata (MAR — adult — intestine), Pygocentrus nattereri (FW — body cavity), Salminus hilarii (FW — larva — intestine), Sarda sarda (MAR — adult — intestine), Schizodon altoparanae (FW — adult — intestine), Serrasalmus marginatus (FW — unspecified — unspecified), S. spilopleura (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Siluriformes fam. gen. sp. (FW — unspecified — intestine), Synodontis clarias (FW — unspecified — unspecified), Trachydoras paraguayensis (FW — adult — intestine), Trichiurus lepturus (MAR — adult — intestine). Localities: Manaus — AM; off Soóterama — ES; Cuiabá River, Porto Esperança — MS, MT; Amazonas River, Maicurú — PA; Upper Paraná River — PR; off Cabo Frio, Itaocara, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro; Guandu River — RJ; Porto Cabral, Paraná River, Pirasununga — SP. References: Travassos & Freitas (1940, 1948), Vicente & Santos (1973), Pinto & Noronha (1976), Kohn et al. (1985), Vicente et al. (1985), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Silva et al. (2000 b), Alves et al. (2002 a, b), Carvalho et al. (2003), Fischer et al. (2003), Santos et al. (2003, 2007), Tavares et al. (2004 b), Bicudo et al. (2005 a), Alves & Luque (2006), Fernandes et al. (2006), Luque et al. (2008), Takemoto et al. (2009), Azevedo et al. (2010), Tavares-Dias et al. (2009, 2010), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF8BAC35F3E1FEB2D93E9502.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Hoplias malabaricus. Localities: Salobra — MT; Ilha Seca — SP. Reference: Travassos (1940 a). Remark: Travassos (1940 a) named these worms, collected during the third expedition to northwest of Brazil, as filariid nematodes; however, the actual nature of this record is not known.	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF8BAC35F3E1FD75D83893D8.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Rhaphiodon vulpinus. Locality: Foz do Iguaçú, Itaipú Reservoir — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 b, c), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010). Guyanema sp. — adult — FW — intestine Host: Cyphocharax gilbert. Locality: Foz do Iguaçú, Itaipú Reservoir — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 b, c), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF8BAC35F3E1FB7BDE5691FE.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Locality: Guaíra, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 b, c), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Kohn et al. (2003), Eiras et al. (2010). Travassosnema travassosi travassosi Costa, Moreira & Oliveira — adult — FW — eyes Host: Acestrorhynchus lacustris. Localities: São Francisco River, Três Marias Reservoir — MG; Sertanópolis, Tibagi River — PR. References: Costa et al. (1991), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999), Silva-Souza & Saraiva (2002), Brasil-Sato (2003), Thatcher (2006), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF8BAC36F3E1F8DCDE399541.taxon	description	Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Philonema sp. B — adult — FW — body cavity Hosts: Cyphocharax gilbert, Pseudocurimata sp. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Philonema sp. C — adult — FW — body cavity Host: Hoplias malabaricus. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Bührnheim (1976), Vicente et al. (1985).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF88AC36F3E1FC59DFB59246.taxon	description	Syn.: Philometra amazonica Travassos; P. alli Rasheed; P. (Alinema) alli Rasheed; A. alii Rasheed Hosts: Calophysus macropterus, Luciopimelodus pati, Pinirampus pirinampu. Locality: Amazonas River, Maicuru — PA. References: Travassos (1960), Rasheed (1963), Inglis & Ogden (1964), Santos et al. (1979), Vicente & Jardim (1980), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Moravec et al. (2006), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF88AC36F3E1FDF2DEC7943B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts and site of infection: Acestrorhynchus lacustris (unspecified), Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (intestine), Serrasalmus maculatus (unspecified), S. marginatus (unspecified), S. spilopleura (unspecified). Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Takemoto et al. (2009).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF88AC37F3E1FAF1DF879275.taxon	description	Syn.: Philometra senticosa Baylis Host: Arapaima gigas. Localities: Araguaia River — MT; Amazonas River — PA. References: Baylis (1927), Travassos et al. (1928), Travassos (1960), Yamaguti (1961), Santos et al. (1979), Vicente & Jardim (1980), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Santos & Gibson (2007), Santos & Moravec (2009 c), Eiras et al. (2010). Philometra baylisi Vaz & Pereira — adult — FW — abdominal cavity Host: Pimelodus maculatus, Synodontis clarias. Locality: Tietê River, Salto — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Yamaguti (1961), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Philometra fariaslimai Fortes — adult — BW — body cavity Hosts: Cathorops agassizii, Genidens barbus, G. genidens. Localities: Angra dos Reis — RJ; Guaíba Lake — RS. References: Fortes (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Fortes & Hoffmann (1995), Tavares & Luque (2008). Remark: This species was considered a species inquirenda by Moravec (1998). Philometra katsuwoni Petter & Baudin – Laurencin — adult — MAR — gonads Host: Katsuwonus pelamis. Locality: Cabo Frio — RJ. Reference: Cárdenas et al. (2009).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF88AC37F3E1FAF1DF879275.taxon	description	Syn.: Philometra maplestoni Travassos, Artigas & Pereira Host: Salminus hilarii. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente & Jardim (1980), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF89AC37F3E1FA42D9339052.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Salminus brasiliensis. Locality: Foz do Iguaçú, Paraná River — PR. References: Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Vicente & Pinto (1999) Remark: Moravec et al. (1993 a) refered to this taxon as Acuariinae gen. sp.	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF89AC39F3E1F838DC369568.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Trachinotus carolinus. Locality: Araruama — RJ. References: Pinto et al. (1984), Vicente et al. (1985). Ascarophis marina (Szidat) — adult — MAR — intestine Host: Urophycis brasiliensis. Locality: Rio de Janeiro — RJ. Reference: Alves et al. (2004). Cystidicoloides fischeri (Travassos, Artigas & Pereira) — adult — FW — stomach Syn.: Cystidicola fisheri Travassos, Artigas & Pereira Hosts: Galeocharax knerii, Pygocentrus piraya, Salminus brasiliensis, S. hilarii, Serrasalmus brandtii. Localities: Upper São Francisco River — MG; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991), Moravec (1998), Moravec et al. (2008), Eiras et al. (2010). Cystidicoloides izecksohni (Fábio) — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: Heliconema izecksohni Fábio Host: Hoplias malabaricus. Locality: Campos — RJ. References: Fábio (1982), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec et al. (2008), Eiras et al. (2010). Cystidicoloides sp. — adult and larva — FW Host: Brycon orthotaenia (adult — intestine), Leporinus friderici (larva — mesentery). Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Parascarophis sphyrnae Campana-Rouget — adult — MAR — spiral valve Host: Sphyrna zygaena. Locality: Coast — RS. Reference: Knoff et al. (2001). Pseudoproleptus sp. — larva — FW — mesentery Hosts: Satanoperca jurupari, Ageneiosus ucayalensis. Locality: Guamá River — PA. Reference: Melo et al. (2011 a). Spinitectus asperus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine, stomach Syn.: S. jamundensis Thatcher & Padilha Hosts: Leporinus striatus, Prochilodus argenteus, P. lineatus. Localities: Upper São Francisco River — MG; Pantanal — MS; Guaíra, Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Bührnheim (1976), Thatcher & Padilla (1977), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Fernandes et al. (1982) ,, Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec et al. (1993 a), Moravec (1998), Santos et al. (2003), Monteiro et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Spinitectus rodolphiheringi Vaz & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: S. sternopygi Petter, 1984 Hosts: Astyanax bimaculatus, Franciscodoras marmoratus, Pimelodella lateristriga, Pimelodus maculatus, Salminus hilarii, Sternopygus macrurus, Triportheus paranensis. Localities: Grande & Mogi Guaçu Rivers, Pirassununga — SP. References: Vaz & Pereira (1934), Yamaguti (1961), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Spinitectus yorkei Travassos, Artigas & Pereira — adult — FW — intestine Host: Pimelodella lateristriga. Locality: Pirassununga — SP. References: Travassos et al. (1928), Yamaguti (1961), Travassos & Kohn (1965), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Spinitectus sp. — adult — FW Hosts and site of infection: Franciscodoras marmoratus (intestine), Potamotrygon falkneri (spiral valve). Localities: Três Marias — MG; Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Santos & Brasil-Sato (2004), Lacerda et al. (2008, 2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF87AC39F3E1FBC9D914929E.taxon	description	Syn.: Piavussunema schubarti Kohn, Gomes & Motta Hosts and site of infection: Leporellus vittatus (stomach), Leporinus copelandii (stomach), L. lacustris (intestine), L. octofasciatus (intestine, stomach), Schizodon borellii (intestine). Localities: Upper Paraná River — PR; Pirassununga — SP. References: Kohn et al. (1968), Gomes & Kohn (1970), Bührnheim (1976), Vicente & Pinto (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Kohn & Fernandes (1987), Machado et al. (1996), Pavanelli et al. (1997, 2004), Moravec (1998), Guidelli et al. (2006), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF87AC39F3E1FD0BDF5F943B.taxon	biology_ecology	Host: Austrolebias bellottii Locality: SP. Reference: Pereira & Vaz (1933).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF87AC3AF3E1F9DEDC36962D.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Potamotrygon hystrix, P. motoro. Locality: Itacuai River — AM. References: Deardorff et al. (1981), Vicente et al. (1985), Thatcher (1991, 2006), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010). Echinocephalus sp. — adult — FW — spiral valve Host: Potamotrygon falkneri. Locality: Upper Paraná River — PR. References: Lacerda et al. (2008, 2009), Takemoto et al. (2009), Eiras et al. (2010). Gnathostoma gracile (Diesing) — adult — FW — intestine Syn.: Cheiracanthus gracilis Diesing Host: Arapaima gigas. Locality: Amazonas River Basin. References: Diesing (1839), Travassos et al. (1928), Vicente et al. (1985), Moravec (1998), Eiras et al. (2010).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
E36887D1FF84AC3AF3E1FB9BDE7C92F7.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts: Echidna catenata, Ophichthus gomesii, O. ophis. Localities: Campos, Copacabana and Urcha Beach — RJ; Salvador — BA; Trindade Island — ES. References: Travassos (1919), Yamaguti (1961), Guimarães et al. (1976), Vicente et al. (1985), Fernandes et al. (2002). Proleptus acutus Dujardin — adult — MAR — stomach, intestine Host: Zapteryx brevirostris. Locality: Ubatuba — SP. References: Silva et al. (2008), Muniz-Pereira et al. (2009).	en	Luque, José L., Aguiar, Julio C., Vieira, Fabiano M., Gibson, David I., Santos, Cláudia Portes (2011): 3082. Zootaxa 3082: 1-88
