taxonID	type	description	language	source
E30887CFFFF5D234C5C46351FDD823C1.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Anathallis fasciculata Barbosa Rodrigues (1877: 23)	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF5D234C5C46351FDD823C1.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Anathallis species are easily recognized by the non-lepanthiform sheaths of the ramicaul, and the starshaped flower, with free perianth parts. The linear to lanceolate, acute to acuminate petals are similar to the sepals in size and shape. The sensitive lip is perpendicularly hinged to the column foot, and its general shape is linear-ligulate but frequently it has small lobes at the base and / or middle. The column is sharply winged and prominently fimbriate. The pollinaria come in pairs and have reduced flat caudicles. There are currently 118 accepted species of Anathallis, including the one added hereafter. They are distributed from western Mexico through Central America, the Antilles and down to Argentina. They are most diverse in Brazil at low to mid elevations. Anathallis, as defined by Karremans (2014), is highly supported in our analyses and is modified only by the inclusion of the following species:	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF5D234C5C465A9FE9C2799.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Pleurothallis chamaelepanthes Reichenbach (1855: 240).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF5D234C5C465A9FE9C2799.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Gravendeelia is most closely related to Lepanthopsis. It can be easily distinguished from that genus by the long-prolific, pendent habit (vs. caespitose, rarely prolific, erect), the few-flowered inflorescence (vs. generally multi-flowered), the cupped flower with extremely long sepals (flowers flat, sepals and petals similar), the elongate lip with two central keels (vs. lip compact, with a basal glenion), the elongate column with a distinct foot (vs. column short, stout, footless), the incumbent anther and ventral, entire stigma (vs. apical anther and bilobed stigma). Morphologically, Gravendeelia is reminiscent of Tubella, however it can be distinguished by the pendulous plants, the hirsute ovary (vs. glabrous), the hirsute sepals (vs. glabrous), and the short column foot (vs. prominent).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF5D234C5C465A9FE9C2799.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The only species currently known to belong to this genus is relatively common in Colombia and Ecuador, and is likely to represent a species complex in need of revision (the name bears two heterotypic synonyms at this time). The recognition of the novel genus Gravendeelia is highly supported in our analyses, the accessions of its only species formed a highly supported clade (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), sister to Lepanthopsis (Fig. 1; P. P.: 0.98), and not closely related to any of the other species previously placed in Trichosalpinx. Treating Gravendeelia as part of a broadly defined Lepanthopsis is undesirable as it would result in an undiagnosable genus, whilst when kept separate they are easily recognizable. Eponymy: — The name honors orchid evolutionary biologist Dr. Barbara Gravendeel, Leiden University and Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands, who has continuously supported these phylogenetic studies in the Pleurothallidinae.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C465FBFD3926F7.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Trichosalpinx manningii Luer (2002: 113).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C465FBFD3926F7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Opilionanthe has apparently no close relatives, it is phylogenetically sister to a clade which includes Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis and all of their allies. The cupped flower with long-caudate sepals is somewhat reminiscent of species of Gravendeelia, Stellamaris and Tubella, however, it can be immediately distinguished from those by the long-caudate petals which are similar to the sepals (vs. acute to obtuse, conspicuously shorter than the sepals). From the first two genera it may also be distinguished by the long, multi-flowered inflorescence (vs. short, few-flowered). In species of Anathallis, the sepals and petals are frequently similar to each other, however, Opilionanthe can be distinguished from species of that genus by the lepanthiform-bracts and prolific habit.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C465FBFD3926F7.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The recognition of Opilionanthe is highly supported in our analyses, the accessions of its only species formed a highly supported clade (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), sister to a clade that includes Draconanthes, Frondaria, Gravendeelia, Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis, Pseudolepanthes and Stellamaris (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0). The single species known to belong this genus is endemic to Peru.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C465FBFD3926F7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — From Opiliones, an order of arachnids known as harvestmen, harvesters or daddy longlegs, and the Greek anthos, “ flower ”, in allusion to the long, slender acuminate petals and sepals reminiscent to the long-legged opiliones, distinctive of this genus among its relatives.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C461CBFE5E23EB.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Pleurothallis pergrata Ames (1923: 24).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C461CBFE5E23EB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Stellamaris is phylogenetically allied to Draconanthes, Lepanthes and Pseudolepanthes. From Pseudolepanthes it can be easily distinguished by the very short, few-flowered inflorescence (vs. elongate, multi-flowered inflorescence), the long-caudate sepals (vs. shortly acuminate, similar to the petals), the ecallose lip (vs. lip with a prominent verrucose callus), the elongate column, with a prominent column foot (vs. column short, reflexed, footless), and the pollinia with a pair of flattened caudicles, lacking a viscidium (vs. pollinia with obsolete caudicles, with viscidium). From Lepanthes, Stellamaris can be recognized by the laminated petals (vs. transversally bilobed), the un-lobed lip (vs. lip bilobed, with a basal appendix), the incumbent anther and ventral stigma (vs. anther and stigma apical), and the pollinia without visicidum (vs. pollinia with a viscidium). From Draconanthes, Stellamaris can be distinguished by the very short, few-flowered inflorescence (vs. elongate, multi-flowered inflorescence), the laminate, un-lobed, elongate lip (vs. bilobed, with a rudimentary appendix, embracing the column). Stellamaris is florally most similar to the unrelated genus Tubella, however, it can be immediately set aside by the non-prolific habit, the hirsute lepanthiform sheaths, the inflorescence shorter than the leaf bearing one or two flowers, and an extremely reduced pedicel.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C461CBFE5E23EB.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The only species currently known to belong to this genus is variable across its distribution, from Costa Rica to Colombia, and is likely to represent more than a single species. The recognition of the novel genus Stellamaris is highly supported in our analyses, the accessions of its only species formed a highly supported clade (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), sister to a clade including Lepanthes, Draconanthes and Pseudolepanthes (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), which are all morphologically distinct. Even though Stellamaris, Gravendeelia and Tubella show superficially similar flowers, they are not closely related phylogenetically.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D235C5C461CBFE5E23EB.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Derived from the Latin stellamaris “ starfish ”, in allusion to the red or crimson starfish-like flowers with long-tailed sepals.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D232C5C466EFFCA722E7.taxon	materials_examined	Type: Pleurothallis berlineri Luer (1976: 60). Synonym: Trichosalpinx berlineri (Luer 1976: 60) Luer (1983: 394).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D232C5C466EFFCA722E7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Pendusalpinx is sister to genus Lankesteriana, but can be immediately distinguished by the large, up to 30 cm tall, pendulous plants (vs. short, less than 3 cm tall, erect), with ramicauls longer than or similar to the leaf (vs. much shorter than the leaf), covered by large, lepanthiform bracts (bract inconspicuous, not lepanthiform), the glaucous leaves twisted at the base (vs. green, straight), the pendent inflorescence, shorter than the leaf, with several flowers open at once (vs. erect to arching, longer than the leaf, with one flower open at a time), the petals are triangular to elliptic (vs. generally lanceolate), and the lip flat (vs. with a deep mid-line depression). Species of Pendusalpinx are superficially more similar to Trichosalpinx, but can be distinguished by the pendulous plants, the ramicauls covered by conspicuous, whitish bracts (vs. smaller, brown bracts), the glaucous leaves, pendent, basally twisted (vs. green, erect, straight) leaves, and a pair of broad angled wings above the middle of the column (vs. without broad angled wings above the middle).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF4D232C5C466EFFCA722E7.taxon	discussion	Comments: — The genus includes six species that are distributed from Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia and Peru. They are not present in Central America, the Antilles and Brazil. The recognition of the novel genus Pendusalpinx is highly supported in our analyses, the accessions of several of its species consistently formed a highly supported clade (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), sister to Lankesteriana (Fig. 1) (PP = 1.0), as was previously found by Karremans (2014) and Pérez-Escobar et al. (2017). The two genera are highly supported, genetically well separated and morphologically distinct in virtually every aspect. Pendusalpinx species share several features with Trichosalpinx, nevertheless, they are consistently found sister to Lankesteriana instead. The two genera are here highly supported as sisters of Trichosalpinx in the strict sense, nevertheless, such a relationship has not been found in previous DNA based studies, and in the interest of stability and definability they are recognized as distinct.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF3D232C5C464DBFE4F2647.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Derived from the Latin pendulous “ pendent ” and salpinx “ funnel-shaped ” (taken from Trichosalpinx); a pendent Trichosalpinx.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF2D233C5C467DDFEF727D5.taxon	discussion	Comments: — This recently described species was placed by the authors in Lepanthopsis. However, the ramicaul much shorter than the long petiolate leaf (vs. ramicaul normally longer than the non-petiolate leaf), bearing tubular sheaths (vs. sheaths lepanthiform), the lip that exceeds the length of sepals (vs. lip shorter than sepals), and the obsolete, truncate rostellum (vs. rostellum conspicuously triangular) are indicative of Platystele Schlechter (1910: 565), not Lepanthopsis.	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF2D233C5C46067FA8E2397.taxon	description	Synonym.: Pleurothallis sect. Acuminatae subsect. Lepanthiformes Lindley (1842: 72). Type. Pleurothallis arbuscula Lindley (1842: 72).	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
E30887CFFFF2D233C5C46067FA8E2397.taxon	discussion	Comments: — Species of Tubella have a slender habit, commonly with proliferating ramicauls covered by lepanthiform sheaths, the inflorescence is longer than the leaf, the ovary is glabrous, the sepals membranaceous, glabrous, shortly acuminate, concave, the petals much shorter, entire, elliptic, the lip simple, commonly three-lobed, the base unguiculate, lacking lobules, the column elongated, apically winged, with a prominent column foot (Fernández 2016). Species of Tubella are phylogenetically related to Anathallis from which they are separated by the slender habit, proliferating ramicauls with lepanthiform sheaths (vs. creeping or caespitose without proliferating ramicauls, and lacking the lepanthiform sheaths), and inflorescences longer than the leaves bearing several flowers (vs. inflorescences frequently shorter than the leaf and few-flowered). The flowers of Tubella are superficially similar to Gravendeelia, Stellamaris and Opilionanthe in the cupped flower with long caudate sepals and elongate column, however, they are not related phylogenetically. Tubella is redefined from its previous circumscription by the exclusion of the species belonging to Gravendeelia, Opilionanthe, and Stellamaris, which are not closely related, and by the inclusion of the following six species:	en	Bogarín, Diego, Karremans, Adam P., Fernández, Melania (2018): Genus-level taxonomical changes in the Lepanthes affinity (Orchidaceae, Pleurothallidinae). Phytotaxa 340 (2): 128-136, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.340.2.2
