identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E2499612A7519F037696D107FE13E430.text	E2499612A7519F037696D107FE13E430.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent 1893	<div><p>Subgenus Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893</p><p>Diagnosis. Digitate, whip-like, arborescent and flabellate growth forms; with well differentiated axial and extraaxial skeletal architecture, reminiscent of Raspailiidae; axial skeleton markedly compressed, reticulate; extra-axial skeleton radial, plumose or plumo-reticulate composed of large subectosomal auxiliary styles-subtylostyles; specialised ectosomal skeleton present composed of smaller auxiliary spicules; echinating megascleres absent although principal spicules may protrude through fibres at acute angles; microscleres absent or may include palmate isochelae and toxas (Hooper 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2499612A7519F037696D107FE13E430	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Annunziata, Bruno B.;Cavalcanti, Thaynã;Santos, George Garcia;Pinheiro, Ulisses	Annunziata, Bruno B., Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia, Pinheiro, Ulisses (2019): Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4671 (4): 500-510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.2
E2499612A7519F037696D693FE39E574.text	E2499612A7519F037696D693FE39E574.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clathria Schmidt 1862	<div><p>Genus Clathria Schmidt, 1862</p><p>Synonymy (see Hooper 2002).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2499612A7519F037696D693FE39E574	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Annunziata, Bruno B.;Cavalcanti, Thaynã;Santos, George Garcia;Pinheiro, Ulisses	Annunziata, Bruno B., Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia, Pinheiro, Ulisses (2019): Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4671 (4): 500-510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.2
E2499612A7519F027696D0D8FD50E25C.text	E2499612A7519F027696D0D8FD50E25C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia Annunziata & Cavalcanti & Santos & Pinheiro 2019	<div><p>Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 2,3; Table 1)</p><p>Type locality: Brazil, Maranhão State, Tutóia Municipality, Tutóia beach, Brazil.</p><p>Type specimen: Holotype: UFPEPOR 2351, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.288048&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.753611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.288048/lat -2.753611)">Tutóia</a> beach (02º45’13.000” S, 42º17’16.977” W), Tutóia Municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil, coll. B. Annunziata, R. A. Silva, L. H. O. Souza, 24 July 2017.</p><p>Diagnosis. Bush sponge with flattened branches emerging at encrusting base, styles (167–522 / 3–10 µm), subtylostyles (171–488 / 3–10 µm), and palmate isochelae (10–19 µm); toxa absent.</p><p>External morphology. Bush sponge emerging at encrusting base, with flattened branches measuring 6.25 x 0.53 cm (7.0– 5.5 cm x 0.8– 0.3 cm) (Fig. 2A). Oscula inconspicuous, hispid surface and soft consistency. Orange color in life, and dark gray in 80% ethanol (Fig. 2B).</p><p>Skeleton (Fig. 2C). Choanosomal skeleton with differentiated axial and extra-axial regions: axial skeleton compressed and ascending, extra-axial skeleton plumo-reticulate or confused. Ectosomal skeleton produced by spicules from the extra-axial skeleton forming discrete bouquets of subtylostyles. Styles placed at the axial skeleton and subtylostyles protruding into extra-axial skeleton at acute angles. Palmate isochelae dispersed within choanosome.</p><p>Spicules. Megascleres: Styles (167– 396.4 –522 / 3– 7 – 10 µm): smooth, slender straight to slightly curved, with rounded base (Fig. 3A,C); Subtylostyles (171– 354.9 –488 / 3– 5.5 – 10 µm): straight with microspined base, and pointed or mucronate points (Fig. 3B,D); Microscleres: palmate isochelae (10– 15.1 – 19 µm): normal shaft to slightly curved “V”-shaped shaft and short alae (Fig. 3E).</p><p>Distribution and ecology. The specimen was found in Tutóia Channel, about 9.5 km from the shore and was collected dragged by fishing nets, in Tutóia beach, Tutóia municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil.</p><p>Etymology. From Latin “ aurantius ” referring to its vivid orange color in life.</p><p>Remarks. Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. as well as C. (A.) papillata Van Soest, Beglinger &amp; De Voogd, 2013, and C. (A.) riosae Van Soest, 2017 differ from other C. (Axosuberites) species by the absence of toxas. However, the new species has smooth styles and one category of subtylostyles versus microspined styles in C. (A.) papillata and two size categories of subtylostyles in C. (A.) riosae (see Table 1). The main difference between C. (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp. and C. (A.) pachyaxia (Lévi, 1960) and C. (A.) georgiaensis Hooper, 1996 is the presence of toxas. In addition, there are some differences in the categories of their spicule arrangements and geographic distributions making specificity unlikely (see Table 1). Species of Axosuberites that have more than two categories of megascleres are: C. (A.) benguelaensis Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005, Clathria (A.) canaliculata (Whitelegge, 1906), C. (A.) cylindrica (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), C. (A.) flabellata (Topsent, 1916), C. (A.) nidificata (Kirkpatrick, 1907), C. (A.) patula (Hooper, 1996), and C. (A.) thetidis (Hallmann, 1920) . Species with much larger isochelae and stout styles are C. (A.) fromontae Hooper, 1996, C. (A.) macrotoxa (Bergquist &amp; Fromont, 1988), C. (A.) marplatensis (Cuartas, 1992) and C. (A.) multitoxaformis (Bergquist &amp; Fromont, 1988) . Furthermore, two species show larger megascleres when compared to Clathria (Axosuberites) aurantia n. sp.: Clathria (A.) ramea (Koltun, 1964) and C. (A.) rosita Goodwin, Brewin &amp; Brickle, 2012 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2499612A7519F027696D0D8FD50E25C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Annunziata, Bruno B.;Cavalcanti, Thaynã;Santos, George Garcia;Pinheiro, Ulisses	Annunziata, Bruno B., Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia, Pinheiro, Ulisses (2019): Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4671 (4): 500-510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.2
E2499612A7579F067696D315FDCAE6AA.text	E2499612A7579F067696D315FDCAE6AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clathria (Axosuberites) hillenburgi Annunziata & Cavalcanti & Santos & Pinheiro 2019	<div><p>Clathria (Axosuberites) hillenburgi n. sp.</p><p>(Figs 4,5; Table 1)</p><p>Type locality: Brazil, Paraíba State, Rio Tinto Municipality, Caracabu River, Mamanguape Estuary, Brazil .</p><p>Type specimen: Holotype: UFPEPOR 1975, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-34.932114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7787385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -34.932114/lat -6.7787385)">Caracabu River</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-34.932114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.7787385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -34.932114/lat -6.7787385)">Mamanguape Estuary</a> (06°46’43.46’’S 34°55’55.61’’W), Rio Tinto Municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil, intertidal (depth 0.5 m), coll. T. Cavalcanti, 11 November 2015.</p><p>Diagnosis. Arborescent sponge with styles (I = 270–447 / 6–11 µm; II = 143–236 / 6–10 µm), subtylostyles (193–377 / 2–3 µm), palmate isochelae (12–17 µm) and toxas (24–96 / 1–4 µm).</p><p>External morphology (Fig. 4A). Arborescent sponge with filiform ramifications, cylindrical branches with 2 x 0.4 cm (length x width). Hispid surface, firm and compressible consistency. Oscula not observed. Red color when alive, and dark brown in 80% ethanol.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>References: (1) Samai &amp; Gibbons (2005); (2) Goodwin et al. (2012); (3) Lévi (1960); (4) Van Soest et al. (2013); (5) Van Soest (2017); (6) Hooper (1996); (7) Bergquist &amp; Fromont (1988).</p><p>Skeleton (Fig. 4B). Ectosome with brushes of small subtylostyles (styles II) overlapping the subectosomal spicules. Choanosomal skeleton composed of plumo-reticulate and compressed, extra-axial plumose tracts cored by (subtylo-)styles I. Plumose gaps near the surface. Subectosomal region composed by ascending plumose bundles of auxiliary subtylostyles arising from the peripheral choanosomal skeleton. Microscleres appear to be randomly distributed.</p><p>Spicules. Megascleres: (Subtylo-)styles I (270– 371.2 –447 / 6– 7.5 – 11 µm): smooth to microspined, slightly curved, and rounded tyles, smooth to granular microspined tyles in some spicules (Fig. 5A, D); (Subtylo-)styles II (143– 179.8 –236 / 6– 8.1 – 10 µm): smooth, slightly curved, and smooth, some styles II have microspined tyles (Fig. 5B, F); Subtylostyles (193– 307.6 –377 / 2– 2.5 – 3 µm): smooth, slender, straight, microspined tyles (Fig. 5C, E); Microscleres: Palmate isochelae (12– 14.6 – 17 µm): slightly curved axis and short alae (Fig. 5G); Toxas (24– 57.3 –96 / 1– 2.0 – 4 µm): wing shaped, smooth, and slender (Fig. 5H).</p><p>Distribution and ecology. Known only from the type locality: Caracabu River/Estuary (Rio Tinto Municipality, Paraíba State, Brazil), intertidal. Found in a mangrove area on roots of Rhizophora sp.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is in honor to Stephen M. Hillenburg, marine biologist and creator of the cartoon character ‘SpongeBob SquarePants’.</p><p>Remarks. Clathria (Axosuberites) hillenburgi n. sp. is characterized by a spicule arrangement with (subtylo-)styles I and II, auxiliary subtylostyles, toxa and palmate isochelae. The new species resembles to Clathria (A.) flabellata (Topsent, 1916) and Clathria (A.) georgiaensis Hooper, 1996 (from the Antarctic Peninsula) by having two categories of styles and/or subtylostyles, toxas and palmate isochelae. However, Clathria (A.) hillenburgi n. sp. is distinguished from Clathria (A.) flabellata and Clathria (A.) georgiaensis due having shorter styles and toxas (see Table 1). Differences in megascleres categories among the new species and Clathria (A.) benguelaensis Samaai &amp; Gibbons, 2005, Clathria (A.) nidificata (Kirkpatrick, 1907) include the number of megascleres categories (two in the new species and four in the others). Clathria (Axosuberites) hillenburgi n. sp. distinguished from Clathria (A.) marplatensis (Cuartas, 1992), Clathria (A.) pachyaxia (Lévi, 1960), Clathria (A.) papillata Van Soest, Beglinger &amp; De Voogd, 2013, Clathria (A.) ramea (Koltun, 1964), and Clathria (A.) rosita Goodwin, Brewin &amp; Brickle, 2012 by having two categories of styles and one of subtylostyle versus two categories of styles in the others. The new species differs from C. (A.) aurantia n. sp., C. (A.) riosae Van Soest, 2017 and C. (A.) papillata Van Soest, Beglinger &amp; De Voogd, 2013 by the absence of toxas. Clathria (A.) canaliculata and C. (A.) cylindrica have two categories of palmate isochelae, while the new species has only one category. Similarly, C. (A.) fromontae, C. (A.) macrotoxa, C. (A.) multitoxaformis and C. (A.) thetidis have two size categories of toxas, while C. (Axosuberites) hillenburgi n. sp. has only one category. Finally, the new species is distinguished from Clathria (A.) patula (Hooper, 1996) by having three categories of styles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2499612A7579F067696D315FDCAE6AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Annunziata, Bruno B.;Cavalcanti, Thaynã;Santos, George Garcia;Pinheiro, Ulisses	Annunziata, Bruno B., Cavalcanti, Thaynã, Santos, George Garcia, Pinheiro, Ulisses (2019): Two new Clathria (Axosuberites) Topsent, 1893 (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 4671 (4): 500-510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.4.2
