identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E06587DF5C62FFEBFCA165FBFCF63535.text	E06587DF5C62FFEBFCA165FBFCF63535.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bombyliini Latreille 1802	<div><p>Key to Australian genera of Bombyliini</p><p>1 M 1 ending at wing margin, cell r 5 open ............................. 2</p><p>– M 1 ending at r 5, cell r 5 closed............................................. 9</p><p>2 Palpus two-segmented......................................................... 3</p><p>– Palpus one-segmented ......................................................... 4</p><p>3 Flagellum apex truncate, with dorsal apical stylus; anterior half of scutum strongly arched; abdominal hairs uniformly yellowish, without longitudinal pale scales in middle part, hairs relatively long laterally.................................. Eusurbus</p><p>– Flagellum apex tapering, with apical stylus; anterior half of scutum slightly arched; abdominal hairs with a remarkable black and white pattern, longitudinal pale scales present in middle part, hairs long and brush-like laterally ................................................................. Zentamyia</p><p>4 Cell br much longer than cell bm, crossvein r-m located on apical half of cell dm ........................................................... 5</p><p>– Cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m located on basal half of cell dm ............................................................ 7</p><p>5 Pedicel nearly as long as width, and scape ~3.0× longer than pedicel; horizontal line dividing compound eye................................................................ Cryomyia (part)</p><p>– Pedicel ~2.0× longer than wide, and scape less than 2.0× longer than pedicel; without horizontal line dividing compound eye............................................................................. 6</p><p>6 Pedicel 2.5× longer than wide; wing brown towards costal third; female sperm pump shorter than 1.0× length of genital fork; distal spermathecal duct longer than 2.0× of genital length; sperm bulb with apical small conical point; basal bulb absent (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 50g).............................................................. Robertsmyia</p><p>– Pedicel 1.8× longer than wide; wing uniformly slightly infuscated, without distinct darker area towards costal third; female sperm pump longer than 2.5× length of genital fork, strong and sinuous; distal spermathecal duct shorter than 1.0× length of genital fork; sperm bulb flattened, apex spherical; basal bulb present (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 26g).................................................................... Laurella</p><p>7 Male eyes narrowly separated by 0.5× width of ocellus; femora thickened; pulvillus and claw enlarged, longer than distitarsus; male genitalia enlarged; female genital fork enlarged.......................................... Paramonovius gen. nov.</p><p>– Male eyes clearly holoptic, not separated; femora not thickened; pulvillus and claw not enlarged, shorter than distitarsus; male genitalia not enlarged; female genital fork not enlarged ......................................................................... 8</p><p>8 Flagellum with subapical long hairs (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 6x); labellum broad and fleshy; abdomen with median longitudinal stripe, consisting of dense, decumbent, short scales; abdominal apex without long, brush-like hairs...................................................................... Sisyromyia</p><p>– Flagellum with subapical setae and setula (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 21c) or bare (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 18c); labellum thin and filiform; abdomen with median longitudinal stripe, consisting of long scales; abdominal apex with long, brush-like hairs ................................................... Dissodesma</p><p>9 Crossvein m-m much shorter than crossvein r-m, sometimes absent; M 1 + 2 present (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 7m)....... 10</p><p>– Crossvein m-m nearly as long as crossvein r-m; M 1 + 2 never present (Li &amp; Yeates 2018a: fig. 7o) ................................ 12</p><p>10 Compound eye with horizontal line............ Cryomyia (part)</p><p>– Compound eye without horizontal line............................. 11</p><p>11 Second flagellomere long; base of wing vein Cu bare; thoracic scutum without pale hairs on lateral margin; abdominal tergites largely yellow with black medially; female without sand chamber ...................................................... Eristalopsis</p><p>– Second flagellomere short; base of wing vein Cu often with long hairs; thoracic scutum often with pale hairs on lateral margin; abdominal tergites blackish; female with sand chamber............................................................ Staurostichus</p><p>12 Cell br much longer than cell bm, crossvein r-m located on middle part of cell dm .......................................... Nigromyia</p><p>– Cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m located on basal part of cell dm .......................................................... 13</p><p>13 Base of wing vein Cu with long hairs .............................. 14</p><p>– Base of wing vein Cu bare................................................ 15</p><p>14 Flagellum two-segmented; female eye separation less than 2.5× of ocellar tubercle width, frons normal, less than 3.5× width of frons ......................................................... Mandella</p><p>– Flagellum one-segmented; female eye separation more than 3.5× of ocellar tubercle width, frons wide, over 3.5× width of frons................................................................... Choristus</p><p>15 Flagellum elongate and slender; palpus short, without palpal pit; abdomen with brush-like long hairs ................ Meomyia</p><p>– Flagellum not elongate; palpus long, with lateral palpal pit; abdomen without brush-like long hairs ........ Lambkinomyia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E06587DF5C62FFEBFCA165FBFCF63535	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Xuankun;Yeates, David K	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.text	E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramonovius Li & Yeates 2019	<div><p>Genus Paramonovius gen. nov.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4E3A2504-8599- 4322-8841-8D1217A566B7</p><p>Type Species. Paramonovius nightking sp.nov. (here designated).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Medium-sized bombyliine (body length around 8–11 mm). Male eyes narrowly separated (Fig. 2e); female frons wide (Fig. 3c). Antennal flagellum one-segmented with apical stylus, subapex with 3–5 long hairs (Fig. 2c). Palpus short, one-segmented. Mouthparts long and slender, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2f). Scutum, scutellum, pleura and coxae densely clothed in hairs, except anepimeron, mero, laterotergite and mediotergite bare. Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2i and 3g). Wing with cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising at base of cell dm; cell cup open; alula well developed (Fig. 2d). Abdomen broad and short. Tergites with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Male genitalia enlarged, epandrium posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4d); hypandrium fused with gonocoxite; gonocoxite basal half wide and apical half abrupt narrowed (Fig. 4c); anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin. Female sand chamber present, tergite 8 fused and sclerotized. Acanthophorite spines present. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarged basally. Sperm pump strong and of normal length; common and basal spermathecal duct normal; apical spermathecal duct short; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4f).</p><p>Description</p><p>Head. Head wide and relatively short, covered in admixed hairs and scales. Eyes narrowly separated in male, widely separated in female. Male eyes separated by 0.5× width of ocellus, frons short (Fig. 2e). Female eyes widely separated, frons wide, around 3.0× as wide as ocellar tubercle (Fig. 3c). Posterior eye margin slightly sinuous. Antennal scape elongate, about 3.5× as long as wide; pedicel elongate, about 1.5× as long as wide; flagellum one-segmented with apical stylus, subapex with 3–5 long hairs (Fig. 2c). Palpus short, not extending beyond oral cavity, onesegmented, without palpal pit. Mouthparts long and slender, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2f).</p><p>Thorax. Scutum and scutellum with pale pruinescence and covered with hairs and scales. Five notopleural setae present. Postalar callus setae absent. Pleura with thick pale pruinescence, anepisternum, katepisternum, katepimeron and coxae densely covered with long scales, but anepimeron, mero, laterotergite and mediotergite bare (Figs 2b and 3b). Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2i and 3g). Wing with cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising base of cell dm; crossvein m-m much longer than crossvein r-m; cell cup open; alula well developed (Fig. 2d).</p><p>Abdomen. Abdomen broad and short, tergites 3–7 compact, tergites 7–9 rotated, with epandrium and gonocoxite rotated 180°; tergites 2–6 with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Male epandrium enlarged, nearly rectangular, anterior margin deeply concave, posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4d). Hypandrium fused with gonocoxite. Gonocoxite enlarged, basal half wide and apical half abruptly narrowed. Ejaculatory apodeme large (Fig. 4a,b); gonocoxal apodeme strong and pointed anteriorly; anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin; lateral ejaculatory process strong; inner and outer apexes of gonocoxite sharp; gonostylus small and strongly incurved (Fig. 4c). Female sand chamber present. Tergite 8 fused and sclerotized. Around 30 acanthophorite spines present on each side. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarge basally. Sperm pump strong and about as long as basal spermathecal duct; common and basal spermathecal duct not elongate; apical spermathecal duct shorter than spermatheca; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4f).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This generic name is in honour of Dr. Sergei Jacques Paramonov for his significant contribution to Australian dipterology.</p><p>Included species</p><p>This genus is monotypic for Paramonovius nightking sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Xuankun;Yeates, David K	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.text	E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramonovius nightking Li & Yeates 2019	<div><p>Paramonovius nightking sp. nov</p><p>(Figs 2–4) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub: 936DFF93- AAA3-460F-AD5D-8EC342CB3132</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>♂ AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Wandoo National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.51224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.96443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.51224/lat -31.96443)">Kent Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.51224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.96443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.51224/lat -31.96443)">York</a>, -31.96443 116.51224, Scattered Banksia with low open shrubs on white sand. On Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E97796).</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>7♂, 2♀: AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Wandoo National Park, Kent Road, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.60557&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.118" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.60557/lat -32.118)">York</a>, -32.1180 116.60557, Jarrah open woodland with low open mixed shrubs. Feeding on Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E97797 – E97798, E97801 – E97807) .</p><p>Other material</p><p>2♂ AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Flynn State Forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.51224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.96443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.51224/lat -31.96443)">Kent Road</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=116.51224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.96443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 116.51224/lat -31.96443)">York</a>, -31.96443 116.51224, Scattered Banksia with low open shrubs on white sand. On Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E97799 – E97800).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Body mostly covered with thick pale pruinescence. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum black. Scutum with large black square markings in each corner and one thin black stripe in the midline. Wing membrane infuscated on anterior half, with inconspicuous lighter markings.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>Body length 8.7–10.9 mm, wing length 9.1–11.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Head about 2.2× wider than long, mostly blackish with thick pale pruinescence and covered in admixed white to black hairs and scales. Eye narrowly separate by 0.5× width of ocellus. Frons short, 2.0× length of ocellar tubercle, with thick pale pruinescence and few golden scales. Ocellar tubercle slightly raised, brown to blackish brown with grey pruinescence, with long black hairs turning dark yellow at base. Face with thick pale pruinescence and long black hairs except turning dark yellow at base, parafacial area with long white scales admixed with a few long hairs. Gena with thick pale pruinescence and long white scales admixed with few long hairs. Clypeus with sparse pale pruinescence and otherwise bare. Occiput with dense white hairs and scales, dorsal central area admixed with fine black hairs and strong yellow hairs. Posterior eye margin slightly convex. Antennal scape and pedicel brownish yellow with thick pale pruinescence, scape with long black hairs turning dark yellow at base, pedicel with short white to pale yellow hairs; flagellum black without pruinescence, subapex with 3–5 long hairs. Scape 3.4× as long as wide, and 2.8× as long as pedicel, uniform from base to apex. Pedicel 1.6× as long as wide. Flagellum 12.0× as long as wide, 1.9× as long as scape + pedicel, 2.6× as long as scape, conical and slightly laterally compressed, one-segmented with apical stylus (Fig. 2c). Palpus short, not extending beyond oral cavity, black with blackish brown hairs, one-segmented, without palpal pit. Mouthparts slender, 3.2× as long as eye length, 4.8× as long as head length, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2f).</p><p>Thorax. Integumental colour of scutum mostly black with dense pale pruinescence except postalar callus brownish yellow, scutum with large black square markings in each corner and one thin black stripe in the midline. Scutum covered with short white and golden scales, admixed with some long black hairs. Five brownish yellow notopleural setae present. Postalar callus with long black hairs. Scutellum brownish yellow with sparse pale pruinescence, with short white scales on anterior margin, dense short black scales and long black hairs on posterior margin, admixed with short golden scales. Pleura black with thick pale pruinescence, anepisternum with long white scales except anterior half with strong yellow hairs, katepisternum, katepimeron and dorsal margin of metepisternum with long white scales, coxae with dense long white scales, anepimeron, meron, laterotergite and mediotergite bare.</p><p>Legs. Legs mostly brownish yellow. Fore and mid femora with black scales on anterior face, hind femur with black scales on dorsal half, ventral half of femora with white to pale yellow hairs. Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Other hairs and bristles on legs brown. Fore tibia 2.2× longer than fore basitarsus, mid tibia 2.5× longer than mid basitarsus, hind tibia 2.0× longer than hind basitarsus. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2i and 3g).</p><p>Wings. Wing membrane infuscated on anterior half, with inconspicuous light markings on the area around base of vein R 4, crossvein r-m, crossvein dm-cu and apex of cell bm. Cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising from base of cell dm; crossvein m-m long, 2.0× as long as crossvein r-m; cell cup open (Fig. 2d). Haltere stem yellow, knob dark yellow.</p><p>Abdomen. Integumental colour of tergites black with thick grey pruinescence. Tergite 1 with pale yellow hairs admixed with long black hairs on posterior margin; tergite 2 covered with white scales admixed with brown to black hairs on posterior half and short golden scales on posterior margin; tergites 3 to 7 compact, with golden scales admixed with black hairs, and with thick short white scales posterolaterally; tergites 2–6 with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Tergites 7–9 rotated, with epandrium and gonocoxite rotated 180°. Genitalia. Epandrium nearly rectangular, anterior margin deeply concave, posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4d). Hypandrium fused with gonocoxite. Gonocoxite elongate, basal half wide and apical half abrupt narrowed. Ejaculatory apodeme large (Fig. 4a,b); gonocoxal apodeme strong and pointed anteriorly; anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin; lateral ejaculatory process strong; inner apex of gonocoxite sharp; outer apex of gonocoxite sharp; dorsal bridge without lateral hollow; aedeagal sheath with acute projection on subapex; gonostylus small and strongly incurved; phallus long and strong (Fig. 4c).</p><p>Female</p><p>Body length 10.8–11.0 mm, wing length 11.5–11.6 mm. Very similar to male, except frons black with thick pale pruinescence, 3.0× as wide as ocellar tubercle, frons with long brown to black hairs admixed with short golden scales (Fig. 3c). Tergite 8 fused and sclerotized, with some sparse hairs. Around 30 acanthophorite spines present on each side, slightly curved apically. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarged basally. Sperm pump strong and about as long as basal spermathecal duct, clothed in longitudinal muscle, with lateral papillae; sperm pump basal collars present and apical collars absent; common and basal spermathecal duct not elongate; apical spermathecal duct shorter than spermatheca; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4f).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Wing with short stump vein sometimes present on crossvein m-cua.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>This species is named after the Night King in the American fantasy drama Game of Thrones, because all the specimens were collected in winter and the fly is mostly covered in thick pale pruinescence. The specific name is treated as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Endemic to WA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Li, Xuankun;Yeates, David K	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
