taxonID	type	description	language	source
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 E 3 A 2504 - 8599 - 4322 - 8841 - 8 D 1217 A 566 B 7	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Medium-sized bombyliine (body length around 8 – 11 mm). Male eyes narrowly separated (Fig. 2 e); female frons wide (Fig. 3 c). Antennal flagellum one-segmented with apical stylus, subapex with 3 – 5 long hairs (Fig. 2 c). Palpus short, one-segmented. Mouthparts long and slender, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2 f). Scutum, scutellum, pleura and coxae densely clothed in hairs, except anepimeron, mero, laterotergite and mediotergite bare. Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2 i and 3 g). Wing with cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising at base of cell dm; cell cup open; alula well developed (Fig. 2 d). Abdomen broad and short. Tergites with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Male genitalia enlarged, epandrium posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4 d); hypandrium fused with gonocoxite; gonocoxite basal half wide and apical half abrupt narrowed (Fig. 4 c); anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin. Female sand chamber present, tergite 8 fused and sclerotized. Acanthophorite spines present. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarged basally. Sperm pump strong and of normal length; common and basal spermathecal duct normal; apical spermathecal duct short; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4 f).	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	description	Description Head. Head wide and relatively short, covered in admixed hairs and scales. Eyes narrowly separated in male, widely separated in female. Male eyes separated by 0.5 × width of ocellus, frons short (Fig. 2 e). Female eyes widely separated, frons wide, around 3.0 × as wide as ocellar tubercle (Fig. 3 c). Posterior eye margin slightly sinuous. Antennal scape elongate, about 3.5 × as long as wide; pedicel elongate, about 1.5 × as long as wide; flagellum one-segmented with apical stylus, subapex with 3 – 5 long hairs (Fig. 2 c). Palpus short, not extending beyond oral cavity, onesegmented, without palpal pit. Mouthparts long and slender, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2 f). Thorax. Scutum and scutellum with pale pruinescence and covered with hairs and scales. Five notopleural setae present. Postalar callus setae absent. Pleura with thick pale pruinescence, anepisternum, katepisternum, katepimeron and coxae densely covered with long scales, but anepimeron, mero, laterotergite and mediotergite bare (Figs 2 b and 3 b). Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2 i and 3 g). Wing with cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising base of cell dm; crossvein m-m much longer than crossvein r-m; cell cup open; alula well developed (Fig. 2 d). Abdomen. Abdomen broad and short, tergites 3 – 7 compact, tergites 7 – 9 rotated, with epandrium and gonocoxite rotated 180 °; tergites 2 – 6 with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Male epandrium enlarged, nearly rectangular, anterior margin deeply concave, posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4 d). Hypandrium fused with gonocoxite. Gonocoxite enlarged, basal half wide and apical half abruptly narrowed. Ejaculatory apodeme large (Fig. 4 a, b); gonocoxal apodeme strong and pointed anteriorly; anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin; lateral ejaculatory process strong; inner and outer apexes of gonocoxite sharp; gonostylus small and strongly incurved (Fig. 4 c). Female sand chamber present. Tergite 8 fused and sclerotized. Around 30 acanthophorite spines present on each side. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarge basally. Sperm pump strong and about as long as basal spermathecal duct; common and basal spermathecal duct not elongate; apical spermathecal duct shorter than spermatheca; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4 f).	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	etymology	Etymology This generic name is in honour of Dr. Sergei Jacques Paramonov for his significant contribution to Australian dipterology.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C61FFEDFF1D61E5FA5436C5.taxon	synonymic_list	Included species This genus is monotypic for Paramonovius nightking sp. nov.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 4) http: // zoobank. org / urn: lsid: zoobank. org: pub: 936 DFF 93 - AAA 3 - 460 F-AD 5 D- 8 EC 342 CB 3132	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype ♂ AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Wandoo National Park, Kent Road, York, - 31.96443 116.51224, Scattered Banksia with low open shrubs on white sand. On Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E 97796). Paratypes 7 ♂, 2 ♀: AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Wandoo National Park, Kent Road, York, - 32.1180 116.60557, Jarrah open woodland with low open mixed shrubs. Feeding on Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E 97797 – E 97798, E 97801 – E 97807). Other material 2 ♂ AUSTRALIA Western Australia, Flynn State Forest, Kent Road, York, - 31.96443 116.51224, Scattered Banksia with low open shrubs on white sand. On Leucopogon oxycedrus, 19 May 2012, J. and F. Hort (WAM: E 97799 – E 97800).	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body mostly covered with thick pale pruinescence. Scape and pedicel brownish yellow, flagellum black. Scutum with large black square markings in each corner and one thin black stripe in the midline. Wing membrane infuscated on anterior half, with inconspicuous lighter markings.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	description	Description Male Body length 8.7 – 10.9 mm, wing length 9.1 – 11.5 mm. Head. Head about 2.2 × wider than long, mostly blackish with thick pale pruinescence and covered in admixed white to black hairs and scales. Eye narrowly separate by 0.5 × width of ocellus. Frons short, 2.0 × length of ocellar tubercle, with thick pale pruinescence and few golden scales. Ocellar tubercle slightly raised, brown to blackish brown with grey pruinescence, with long black hairs turning dark yellow at base. Face with thick pale pruinescence and long black hairs except turning dark yellow at base, parafacial area with long white scales admixed with a few long hairs. Gena with thick pale pruinescence and long white scales admixed with few long hairs. Clypeus with sparse pale pruinescence and otherwise bare. Occiput with dense white hairs and scales, dorsal central area admixed with fine black hairs and strong yellow hairs. Posterior eye margin slightly convex. Antennal scape and pedicel brownish yellow with thick pale pruinescence, scape with long black hairs turning dark yellow at base, pedicel with short white to pale yellow hairs; flagellum black without pruinescence, subapex with 3 – 5 long hairs. Scape 3.4 × as long as wide, and 2.8 × as long as pedicel, uniform from base to apex. Pedicel 1.6 × as long as wide. Flagellum 12.0 × as long as wide, 1.9 × as long as scape + pedicel, 2.6 × as long as scape, conical and slightly laterally compressed, one-segmented with apical stylus (Fig. 2 c). Palpus short, not extending beyond oral cavity, black with blackish brown hairs, one-segmented, without palpal pit. Mouthparts slender, 3.2 × as long as eye length, 4.8 × as long as head length, labellum thin and filiform (Fig. 2 f). Thorax. Integumental colour of scutum mostly black with dense pale pruinescence except postalar callus brownish yellow, scutum with large black square markings in each corner and one thin black stripe in the midline. Scutum covered with short white and golden scales, admixed with some long black hairs. Five brownish yellow notopleural setae present. Postalar callus with long black hairs. Scutellum brownish yellow with sparse pale pruinescence, with short white scales on anterior margin, dense short black scales and long black hairs on posterior margin, admixed with short golden scales. Pleura black with thick pale pruinescence, anepisternum with long white scales except anterior half with strong yellow hairs, katepisternum, katepimeron and dorsal margin of metepisternum with long white scales, coxae with dense long white scales, anepimeron, meron, laterotergite and mediotergite bare. Legs. Legs mostly brownish yellow. Fore and mid femora with black scales on anterior face, hind femur with black scales on dorsal half, ventral half of femora with white to pale yellow hairs. Femora strong, with anterior blackish brown bristles. Other hairs and bristles on legs brown. Fore tibia 2.2 × longer than fore basitarsus, mid tibia 2.5 × longer than mid basitarsus, hind tibia 2.0 × longer than hind basitarsus. Claw and pulvillus enlarged, as long as distitarsus (Figs 2 i and 3 g). Wings. Wing membrane infuscated on anterior half, with inconspicuous light markings on the area around base of vein R 4, crossvein r-m, crossvein dm-cu and apex of cell bm. Cell r 5 widely open; cell br nearly as long as cell bm, crossvein r-m arising from base of cell dm; crossvein m-m long, 2.0 × as long as crossvein r-m; cell cup open (Fig. 2 d). Haltere stem yellow, knob dark yellow. Abdomen. Integumental colour of tergites black with thick grey pruinescence. Tergite 1 with pale yellow hairs admixed with long black hairs on posterior margin; tergite 2 covered with white scales admixed with brown to black hairs on posterior half and short golden scales on posterior margin; tergites 3 to 7 compact, with golden scales admixed with black hairs, and with thick short white scales posterolaterally; tergites 2 – 6 with median stripe consisting of dense, decumbent short white scales. Tergites 7 – 9 rotated, with epandrium and gonocoxite rotated 180 °. Genitalia. Epandrium nearly rectangular, anterior margin deeply concave, posterolateral corner with thick long hairs (Fig. 4 d). Hypandrium fused with gonocoxite. Gonocoxite elongate, basal half wide and apical half abrupt narrowed. Ejaculatory apodeme large (Fig. 4 a, b); gonocoxal apodeme strong and pointed anteriorly; anterior arm of aedeagal sheath long and wide, extending beyond gonocoxal margin; lateral ejaculatory process strong; inner apex of gonocoxite sharp; outer apex of gonocoxite sharp; dorsal bridge without lateral hollow; aedeagal sheath with acute projection on subapex; gonostylus small and strongly incurved; phallus long and strong (Fig. 4 c). Female Body length 10.8 – 11.0 mm, wing length 11.5 – 11.6 mm. Very similar to male, except frons black with thick pale pruinescence, 3.0 × as wide as ocellar tubercle, frons with long brown to black hairs admixed with short golden scales (Fig. 3 c). Tergite 8 fused and sclerotized, with some sparse hairs. Around 30 acanthophorite spines present on each side, slightly curved apically. Genital fork strong and broad, enlarged basally. Sperm pump strong and about as long as basal spermathecal duct, clothed in longitudinal muscle, with lateral papillae; sperm pump basal collars present and apical collars absent; common and basal spermathecal duct not elongate; apical spermathecal duct shorter than spermatheca; spermatheca elongate, cylindrical with apex spherical (Fig. 4 f).	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	discussion	Remarks Wing with short stump vein sometimes present on crossvein m-cua.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after the Night King in the American fantasy drama Game of Thrones, because all the specimens were collected in winter and the fly is mostly covered in thick pale pruinescence. The specific name is treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
E06587DF5C67FFEEFCA2637CFC263695.taxon	distribution	Distribution Endemic to WA.	en	Li, Xuankun, Yeates, David K (2019): A new genus and species of an unusual Australian winter bee fly (Diptera: Bombyliidae) with discussion on its phylogenetic position. Austral Entomology 58: 92-203, DOI: 10.1111/aen.12361
