identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E0222776BE586048FF1BF9FFF477FA10.text	E0222776BE586048FF1BF9FFF477FA10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacidae Huxley 1879	<div><p>Family Parastacidae Huxley, 1879</p><p>Genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879</p><p>Astacus .—­ Poeppig, 1835:314.</p><p>Parastacus Huxley, 1879: 759, 771.</p><p>Type species. Astacus pilimanus by subsequent designation (Faxon, 1898: 683): Astacus pilimanus von Martens, 1859: 15 . Gender: masculine.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Moderate body size (up to 15 cm of total length). Deep carapace, narrow or wide, lacking spines and tubercles; rostrum mainly triangular, but spatulate in P. brasiliensis and quadrate in P. bah sp. nov. and P. nicoleti; postorbital carinae ranging from obsolete to well developed; cervical groove V or U–shaped, deeply impressed; branchiocardic grooves inconspicuous or conspicuous with anterolateral part often hardly distinguishable and very close to cervical groove, both usually merging dorsolaterally. Pleon lacking tubercles or spines; first pleonal pleura partly overlapped by that of second; posterior margin of second pleonal pleura rounded, except in P. varicosus . Telson subtriangular or subrectangular, entirely or weakly calcified with dorsomedian longitudinal groove (sometimes inconspicuous) and with blunt or sharp lateral spines. Epistome with anteromedian lobe pentagonal, hexagonal or septagonal shape. Antennal scale lateral margin straight to curved with a terminal strong spine. Third maxilliped with mesial half of ventral surface of ischium bearing setiferous punctuations, but P. varicosus and P. saffordi present a line of sharp and blunt spines in the middle part, respectively; setae coverture sparse or dense; flagellum of exopodite reaching, or slightly overreaching, basal part of merus. Caudal molar process of mandible unicuspidate, bicuspidate or tricuspidate; incisor lobe with eight to ten teeth, usually the third is the largest. Chelipeds carpus can be divided by a groove impression; propodus dorsal region with squamose or verrucous tubercles that can form well-defined rows, ventral region with two rows of tubercles that can reach or surpass the beginning of the fixed finger; dactylus moving subvertically. Male genitalia consisting of a fixed and slightly elevated ventromesial ridge bearing a small noncalcified papilla; male cuticle partition (sensu Morgan, 1986) present; all members with supernumerary gonopores in both sexes (permanent intersexuality). Branchial count 20 + epr + r, or 20 + ep + r (podobranchs on segments VIII–XIII; anterior arthrobranchs on VIII–XIII; posterior arthrobranchs on IX–XIII, that on 13 rudimentary pleurobranchs on XI–XIV; and epipodite on VII bearing few branchial filaments). SLP8 with a deep median suture or widely separated.</p><p>Remarks. The first diagnosis for Parastacus was proposed by Huxley (1879).He created this genus and the family Parastacidae to group Southern hemisphere crayfish based mainly on the branchial structure. The author proposed that the podobranchiae are devoid of more than a rudiment of a lamina and that the stem may be alate. In addition, podobranchiae of the first maxilliped has the form of an epipodite, but it can bear branchial filaments. Subsequent diagnosis for Parastacus were provided by Faxon (1898) and Riek (1971). Hobbs (1991) further improved upon the diagnosis of Parastacus and discussed the mandible morphology of South American Parastacidae and included the mandible as a character in the genera diagnosis. However, the drawing that illustrates the mandible of P. varicosus is apparently wrong, since both species present the caudal molar process bicuspidate and not quadricuspidate as pointed out by Hobbs’ illustration. Parastacus is morphologically similar to the Australian genera Engaeus Erichson, 1846 and Engaewa Riek, 1967 in having the dactyls of chelipeds subvertically moving and the male genitalia consisting of a small papilla. Parastacus is a unique genus with all individuals of the species with supernumerary gonopores (intersexuality). This phenomenon was already recorded in some populations of the South American species S. spinifrons (Rudolph 2002), V. araucanius (Rudolph &amp; Rivas 1988; Martínez et al. 1994) and the Australian genera Engaewa, Engaeus, Euastacus Clark, 1936 and Cherax Erichson, 1846 (Horwitz 1988; Honan &amp; Mitchell 1995; Sagi et al. 1996; Horwitz &amp; Adams 2000; Vazquez &amp; López-Greco 2007).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina), Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile (Buckup and Rossi, 1980; 1991; Rudolph, 2010; Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE586048FF1BF9FFF477FA10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE59604FFF1BFA40F35DFC98.text	E0222776BE59604FFF1BFA40F35DFC98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig 1835)	<div><p>Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835)</p><p>(Figs. 3–5)</p><p>Astacus pugnax Poepigg, 1835: 314 .</p><p>Astacus chilensis H. Milne Edwards, 1837: 333 .</p><p>Astacus chiliensis .—­ Gray 1845:411 [erroneous spelling].</p><p>Astacus (Cambarus) chilensis .—­ Erichson 1846: 100.</p><p>Astacus (Astacus) Chilensis. —­ Herklots 1861: 144.</p><p>Parastacus Chilensis. —­ von Ihering 1893: 46.</p><p>Parastacus hassleri Faxon, 1898: 687, pl 70, figs. 1–3.</p><p>Parastacus Hassleri. —­ Lönnberg 1898: 349, figs. 1–3.</p><p>Parastacus chilensis. —­ Rathbun 1910: 602.—­ Holthuis 1952: 81.</p><p>Astacus chilensis auct.—­ Bahamonde 1951: 92.</p><p>Parastacus pugnax .—­ Holthuis 1952: 84.—­ Riek 1971:133, fig. lb.—­ Buckup &amp; Rossi 1993: 168, fig. 1.—­ Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 371.—­ Rudolph 2010: 37, fig. 1B.—­ Rudolph 2013a: 512–614, figs. 1,.—­ Rudolph 2013b: 1481, fig. 8.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.68B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1n. —­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2023: 110, fig. 1(2).—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Talcahuano, Chile (Hobbs 1989) .</p><p>Material examined. Chile: Parastacus pugnax —­ one sni (dry specimen) (Type of Astacus chilensis), Valparaiso, coll. M. Gay (MNHN-As 356) (Fig. 3); five males and five females, Arredores de Puente Alto, coll. M. Cadoceu (MNHNCL/CRU DA2193); one male (dry specimen) Río Aconquagua, II/1956, coll. H. Etchevery (MNHNCL/ CRU 2068); one female, Quebrada de Cordova, El Tabo, 24/VII/1958, coll. J. Reys (MNHNCL/CRU 2318); one male, Quebrada de Córdova, El Tabo, 1/I/1956, coll. E. Hermosilla (MNHNCL/CRU 2069); one female, Quebrada de Córdoba, El Tabo, 17/IV/1958, coll. S. Spinoza &amp; M. Riquelme (MNHNCL/CRU 2301); one juvenile (dry specimen), Río Mapocho, El Monte, 30/XI/1957 (MNHNCL/CRU 2118); five ♀, Rengo (cordillera), II/1984, coll. A.F. Neto (UFRGS 726); two males and five females (one ovigerous) (dry specimens), Fundo “La Torina ”, 19/I/1959, coll. Serrano (MNHNCL/CRU 2364); one male (dry specimen), Bucalemu, 22/VIII/1957, coll. N. Bahamonde (MNHNCL/CRU 2084); two females, Hacienda Bucalemu, 6/VIII/1959, coll. N. Bahamonde (MNHNCL/CRU 2384); three sni Estación Piscicultura Curicó, 3/VIII/1955 (MNHNCL/CRU 2182); one male and one female, Estero Las Toscas, Quinahue, 10,20/ I/1959, coll. Lopéz (MNHNCL/CRU 2284); one male (dry specimen), Quinahue, cerca de Santa Cruz, VIII/1952, coll. M. T. Lopéz (MNHNCL/CRU 2058); two males (dry specimen), Quinahue, Santa Cruz, coll. M. T. Lopéz (MNHNCL/CRU 2057); four males and one female, Talca, II/1957, coll. R. Henriquez (MNHNCL/CRU 2059); seven males and two females, Linares, 23–24/VIII/1986, coll. M. Rebolledo (MNHNCL/ CRU D –11093–A); two males and two females, Linares, VIII/1986, coll. M. Rebolledo (MNHNCL/CRU 11.093- A); seven males and one female, Villa Alegre, IV/1953, coll. P. Sepúlveda (MNHNCL/CRU 2051); four males and one female, Estero Villa Alegre, IV/1953, coll. P. Sepúlveda (MNHNCL/CRU 2048); one male, Cauquenes, 1952, coll. Alvarado (MNHNCL/CRU 2184); two males and two females, Guaraculén, XII/1952, coll. M. Espinoza (MNHNCL/CRU 2063); two females and four juveniles, Parral, 04/V/1959, coll. Montero (MNHNCL/CRU 2372); one female, San Carlos, V/1955 (MNHNCL/CRU 2194); one male and two females, San Carlos de Buli, San Carlos, 28/VII/1964, coll. A. Avilla (MNHNCL/CRU 2422); one male (dry specimen), San Carlos (8 a Región, Bío-Bío, 26/IX/2000, coll. E. Del Valle Leina (MNHNCL/CRU 11374); five males and three females, Nuble (between Parral and San Carlos, near Panamerican Highway), 03/VII/1981, coll. J.C. Miguel (RMNH.CRUS.D. 34684) three males and one female, Tumbes, VI/1994 (MNB 10465–1); two males and one female, Tumbes (MNB 10465–2); two males, Chillán, 20/IX/1957, coll. N. Bahamonde (MNHHCL/CRU 2091); two females, Entre Dichato y Quinehue, 10,20/ II/1959, coll. L. Peña (MNHHCL/CRU 2147); one male, Manganal, IX/1894, coll. Lakaste (MNHN-As 358); ten males and one female, Puga Borne, Manganal (Itata), IX/1894, coll. M. Lakaste (MNHN-As 359); one male, Concepción, coll. Pöpigg (MNB 26983); one male and two females, La Florida, Concepción, 19/I/1977 (UFRGS 2407); two males and three females, Laguna San Pedro, Concepción, 18/VII/1970; three males and three females, Concepción, Los Bastros (along the road towards Coronel), 24/V/1980, coll. Lekalovic (RMNH.CRUS.D. 32955); one male, Laguna San Pedro, Concepción, IX/1955, coll. J. Concha (MNHNCL/CRU 2050); 43 males, Andalién, Concepción, 13/VI/1958, coll. P. Cassel (MNHNCL/CRU 2293); one male, Carahue, 28/08/1995, leg. E. Rudolph (FC–UDELAR 28); 34 males, Carahue, 1/IV/1959, coll. N. Bahamonde (MNHNCL/CRU 2021).</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Poeppig (1835), Buckup &amp; Rossi (1993), Rudolph (2010).</p><p>Remarks. Poeppig (1835) did not provide a morphological description for Astacus pugnax . There was not a designated type for this species until the contribution of Hobbs (1989), who designated the holotype of P. hassleri (MCZ 3401), a synonym of P. pugnax, as the neotype of P. pugnax . The designated holotype of P. chilensis by H. Milne-Edwards (1837), also a synonym of P. pugnax, is deposited in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, and was examined (Fig. 3); the type-locality of Astacus chilensis is Valparaiso. Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions are: eyes small (Fig. 4A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 4A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a small conical projection (Fig. 4A); antenna when extended back reaching the posterior edge of carapace; antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 5D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article unarmed (Fig. 5A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with ten teeth; the third tooth from the anterior is the largest (Fig. 5E); SLP4 and SLP5 subequal in size and very close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and slightly inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes not visible (Fig. 5B, C); male cuticle partition present. This species is morphologically similar to P. tuerkayi in having the post orbital carinae weakly prominent, the areola narrow and barely discernible and the pleon narrower than the cephalothorax, but it can be distinguished from that species by the rostral carinae being strongly convergent and by the number of teeth in the mandible incisor lobe. Genetic analysis conducted across several populations of P. pugnax indicated geographically structured groups, thus raising the hypothesis of a species complex (Victoriano &amp; D’Elía 2021).</p><p>Distribution. Chile (Valparaiso, San Antonio, Talagante, Cardenal Caro, Colchagua, Linares, Cauquenes, Ñuble, Concepción, Biobío, Malleco and Cautín) (Rudolph 2010; Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, chelipeds, dorsal pleon and tailfan light brown to greenish brown. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 light brown (Rudolph 2013).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Vegas or hualves, occurring in underground waters in small valleys or depressions between mountains or topographic depressions, usually associated with perennial forests(Rudolph 2013). Parastacus pugnax builds burrows with few ramifications and variable depths (Rudolph 2010; 2013). Parastacus pugnax can also be found in lotic systems, where it builds burrows in the margins (Rudolph 2012). Burrows of P. pugnax can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE59604FFF1BFA40F35DFC98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE5E604EFF1BFCC8F2C2F8C0.text	E0222776BE5E604EFF1BFCC8F2C2F8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens 1869)	<div><p>Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869)</p><p>(Fig. 6–8)</p><p>Astacus pilimanus von Martens, 1869: 15, pl. 2, fig. 1.</p><p>Parastacus pilimanus .—­ Huxley 1879:771 [by implication].—­ Faxon 1898: 683, 684.—­ Moreira 1901: 16, 80.—­ Ortmann 1902: 292.—­ Faxon 1914: 405.—­ Riek 1971:133.—­ Buckup and Rossi 1980:665, figs. 2-4, 8, 21.—­ Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 366; 1991: 801, fig. 3e.—­ Buckup &amp; Bond-Buckup, 1994: 19.—­ Collins et al. 2008: 254, fig. 1c.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.66A.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1m —­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type material re-examined. Lectotype (designated by Bond-Buckup &amp; Buckup 1994). One snd, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.2/lat -30.033333)">Porto Alegre</a> (30°2’S; 51°12’W), coll. Hensel (MNB 3323) . Paralectotypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one snd, same data as lectotype (MNB 3323);</p><p>Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one male, Rio Grande do Sul, coll. Ihering (BMNH 1886.1); three males, Porto Xavier, Ijuí river, 22/VI/1989 (MCTP 1378) ; one male, Pirapó, Ijuí river, 22/VI/1989 (MCTP 1348) ; one male, Santiago, Rota 1 (UFRGS 2310) ; one male, Itaqui, 1914, coll. E. Garbe (MZUSP 949) ; two males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.51968&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.12887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.51968/lat -28.12887)">Garruchos</a> (28°7’43.93”S; 55°31’10.85”W), 17/IX/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro &amp; K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 5787) ; one male, Garruchos, Barreiro (-28.12838’S; -55.5181’W), 19/IX/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro &amp; K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 6503) ; one female, São Borja, Arroio do Barreiro, 28/II/1988 (MCTP 1308) ; one male, São Borja, Arroio do Barreiro, 21/IV/1989 (MCTP 1350) ; three males, São Borja, Arroio Barreiro, 23/VI/1989 (MCTP 1370) ; one juvenile, São Borja, Rio Gabju (afluente do rio Iamaquã), ponte com BR 472, 13/X/1987, coll. G. Bond, N. F. Fontoura, D. Schosler &amp; F. Bento (UFRGS 1368) ; one male and one female, Maquiné, Estrada do Ligeiro, 02/VIII/1999, coll. F. G. Becker, T. Finker &amp; P. Colombo (UFRGS 6233) ; four males, Santa Cruz, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.416668/lat -29.7)">Pardo River</a> (29°42’S; 52°25’W) (MNB 3447) ; one female, São Sebastião do Caí, IV/1997, coll. M. Verdade (UFRGS 2191) ; two males, Faxinal do Soturno, coll. N. Fontoura, G. F. Rey &amp; M. P. Barros (MCTP 1915) ; two males and one juvenile, Faxinal do Soturno, 28/VII/1995 (MCTP 1653) ; one male, Montenegro, affluent of Maratá stream, 15/V/2001, coll. D. Pereira (UFRGS 3204) ; one male, Manoel Viana, 28/VII/1998, coll. J. Ferzola &amp; P. Ferzola (UFRGS 2697) ; one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.550556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.6425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.550556/lat -29.6425)">Vale Vêneto</a> (29°38’33”S; 53°33’02”W), 2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto (UFRGS 5779) ; three males and one female, Vale Vêneto, XI/2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto (UFRGS 6073) ; one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-13.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.753494" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -13.6/lat -29.753494)">Santa Maria</a>, CISM (29°45’12.58”S; 53°51’13.6°W) (UFRGS 5780) ; one female, Santa Maria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.62208&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.824259" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.62208/lat -29.824259)">Base Aérea</a> (29° 49’27.33”S; 53°37’19.506”W), 2012, coll. M. M. Dalosto (UFRGS 5784) ; one male, Alvorada, 04/X/1999 (MCTP 2150) ; four males, Alvorada, IFRS Campus Alvorada, 08/VIII/2017, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 6510) ; one male, Alegrete, Rio Ibirapuitã, 25/II/1982, coll. B. Irgang (UFRGS 542) ; one male, Alegrete, REBIO <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.93389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.920639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.93389/lat -29.920639)">Ibirapuitã</a> (29°55’14.3”S; 55°56’02”W), 19/IX/2013, coll. K. M. Gomes &amp; F. B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 6914) ; four males and 18 juveniles, Restinga Seca, 28/III/1995 (MCTP 1650) ; one female, Uruguaiana, Barragem e Rio Touro Passo, 14–18/X/1985, coll. P. Lucena &amp; Marchini (UFRGS 1376) ; one female, Uruguayana, 1914, coll. E. Garbe (USNM 50671) ; two females, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.49506&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.57135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.49506/lat -30.57135)">São Gabriel</a> (30°34’16.86”S; 54°29’42.22”W), 21/ IX/2012, coll. K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 5786) ; one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.49506&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.57135" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.49506/lat -30.57135)">São Gabriel</a> (30°34’16.86”S; 54°29’42.22”W), 21/IX/2012, coll. K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 5785) ; one male, Quaraí, affluent of the river Garupá, BR-293, 12/XI/1987, coll. G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 2339) ; one male, Quaraí, affluent of the river Garupá, 12/XI/1987; coll. G. Bond, N. Fontoura &amp; F. Bento (UFRGS 2345) ; one female, Dom Pedrito, 05/III/1957, coll. C. P. Coreto (UFRGS 1374) ; two female, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 276) ; one male and one female, Bagé, 22/VIII/1987 (UFRGS 2350) ; one male, Bagé, Estância Santa Odessa, IV/2004, coll. Filho (UFRGS 4792) ; one male, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 6616) ; one male and one female, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 09/VI/1975, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 277) ; 12 males, one female and 28 juveniles, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 07/VIII/1976 (UFRGS 205) ; six males, Rio Grande, Estação Ecológica do Taim, 19/IX/1998, coll. G. Bond-Buckup &amp; C. Jara (UFRGS 2413) ; one female and one juvenile, Rio Grande, Povo Novo, Estrada do Brete, coll. A. L. F. Santos (UFRGS 3169) ; one male, Rio Grande, Povo Novo, Estrada do Brete, 23/VII/1982, coll. A. L. F. Santos (UFRGS 3170) .</p><p>Uruguay —­ four males and one juvenile (MNHN-As 361); one male, Río Negro, Estância Morgan, 20/XII/1968, coll. C. S. Carbonell (FC-UDELAR 165) ; 2 sni, Gruta del Palacio, 20/XI/1991 (FC-UDELAR w/n); one sni, Lavalleja, 20/VI/1981, coll. F. Amestoy (USNM 177853) ; one sni, Rocha, 20/VIII/1981, F. Amestoy (USNM 177854); two sni, 31/XII/1986, leg. (USNM 219130); one sni, 1921, F. Felipponi (USNM 62318)</p><p>Argentina —­ two males, Marte Caseros, Corrientes (MACN-In 19817); one sni, Santo Tomé, Corrientes, coll. A. Nani VII/1947 (MACN-In 6592); one snd, Mercedes, Corrientes, coll. V. C. Pedera (FCEN-UBA w/n); one female, Catamarca, coll. E. Boman (MACN–In 30838) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. von Martens (1869) and Buckup and Rossi (1980).</p><p>Remarks. Additional characters not mentioned in the original description by von Martens (1869) or in the redescription by Buckup and Rossi (1980) are: eyes small (Fig. 6A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 6A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a conical projection (Fig. 6A); antenna when extended back reaching S2; antennal scale lateral margin curved (Fig. 7D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article unarmed (Fig. 7A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior is the largest (Fig. 7E); SLP4 and SLP5 equal in size and separated to each other with median keel not inflated; SLP6 conical and with two concavities on surface and larger than SLP4 and SLP5, median keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with a concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes not visible (Fig. 8B, C); male cuticle partition present. As von Martens (1869) did not designate a holotype, Buckup &amp; Bond-Buckup (1994) designated the largest specimen of lot MNB 3323 as the lectotype, with Porto Alegre as the type-locality. This species is morphologically similar to P. fluviatilis, P. laevigatus and P. pilicarpus in having the cutting edge of cheliped fingers covered by dense tufts of long setae and triangular rostrum, but it differs from both in having irregular lines of verrucous tubercles in the dorsal margin of cheliped dactylus and longer rostrum with apex V-shaped.</p><p>Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, chelipeds, dorsal pleon and tailfan olive-green or dark green. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 light greenish brown to dark greenish brown (Fig. 8A).</p><p>Habitat. Streams, floodplain rivers, and flooded grasslands (Buckup and Rossi 1980; Ribeiro et al. 2020) (Fig. 8B). Burrows can reach a depth of up to one meter and with several branches and small chimneys (Fig. 8C) (Buckup and Rossi 1980). Burrows of P. pilimanus can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a secondary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: State of Rio Grande do Sul; Argentina: Provinces of Catamarca, Entre Ríos, Corrientes and Santa Fé; Uruguay: Departments of Rivera, Rocha, Cerro Largo, Federación and Flores (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE5E604EFF1BFCC8F2C2F8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE426059FF1BFA17F3BFFC60.text	E0222776BE426059FF1BFA17F3BFFC60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens 1869)	<div><p>Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869)</p><p>(Fig. 9–11)</p><p>Astacus Brasiliensis von Martens 1869: 16, 17, pl. 2, fig. 2 and 2b.</p><p>Astacus brasiliensis . —­ Huxley 1879: 771.</p><p>Parastacus brasiliensis .—­ Huxley 1879: 771, fig. 2D; 1880: 250, fig. 64. — Ortmann 1902: 293. — Faxon 1914: 405. — Riek 1971: 133. — Buckup and Rossi 1980: 667, figs. 5–7, 8, 21. — Hobbs 1989: 79, fig. 365; 1991: 801, fig. 3k.—­ Buckup &amp; Bond-Buckup, 1994: 19 ..—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Miranda et al. 2018: 1270, fig. 3.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 884 (key), fig. 23.71B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1b.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key), table II.</p><p>Parastacus braziliensis .—­ Moreira 1901: 80 [erroneous spelling]</p><p>Astacus braziliensis .—­ Moreira 1901: 80 [erroneous spelling]</p><p>Parastacus brasiliensis brasiliensis .—­ Fontoura &amp; Conter 2008: 29.</p><p>Type locality. Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Buckup and Bond-Buckup, 1994) .</p><p>Type material re-examined. Lectotype. one male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, coll. Hensel (MNB 3322) . Paralectotypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ same data as lectotype (MNB 3322);</p><p>Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ one male, Ilópolis, 10/VI/2004, coll. D . Bona (ZCUMCN 0022); one male and two juveniles, one male, Roca Sales, 29/04/2006, coll. L. K. Ruckert (ZCUMCN 0096) ; one male, Colinas, 24/V/2004, coll. D. Winter (ZCUMCN 0020) ; one male and two females, Arroio do Meio, 22/ V/2005, coll. S. Henz (ZCUMCN 0021) ; one male, Arroio do Meio, V/2005, coll. S. Henz (ZCUMCN 0024) ; one male, Lajeado, 26/V/2004, coll. E. Ost (ZCUMCN 0023) ; Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado, 26/VIII/2004, coll. L. Johann (ZCUMCN 0055) ; two males, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado, 26/VIII/2004, coll. L. Johann &amp; C. Birkheuer (ZCUMCN 0057) ; one male, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado, 30/V/2005, coll. L. Johann &amp; C. Birkheuer (ZCUMCN 0088) , one male, Jardim Botânico de Lajeado, Lajeado, 30/V/2005, coll. L. Johann &amp; C. Birkheuer (ZCUMCN 0092) ; four males, Dois Irmãos, 1981 (UFRGS 2346) ; one female, Venâncio Aires, 21/III/04, coll. A. B. Closs (UFRGS 4793) ; one female, Venâncio Aires, 01/III/2004; one sni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.268&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.602001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.268/lat -29.602001)">Venâncio Aires</a> (29°36’7.2”S; 52°16’4.8”W) XII/2014, coll. N. N. Uhlman (UFRGS 6003) ; one sni, Arroio próximo ao morro Carapuça, Taquari, 13/IV/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad (UFRGS 3480) ; one female, Arroio próximo ao Morro Carapuça, Taquari, V/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad (UFRGS 3355) ; one male Arroio próximo ao Morro Carapuça, Taquari, V/1985, coll. H.G. Konrad (UFRGS 3355) ; three males, Taquara, 06/IX/1998, coll. G. Bond-Buckup &amp; L. Buckup (UFRGS 2694) ; one male and one female, Taquara, 1981 (UFRGS 2342); one male, Taquara, Fazenda Fialho, 07/IX/1998, coll. P. Buckup (UFRGS 2364) ; one male, km 42, estrada Porto Alegre —­ Taquara, 06/II/1983 (UFRGS 1371) ; one male, Residencial Itacolomi, Gravataí, XII/2017, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 6594) ; one ovigerous female (with only three eggs), Taquara, coll. V. Ihering (MNB 6494) ; one snd, Itacolomi Mountain, 6/IV/1980, coll. K. Kleebank (UFRGS 1358) ; one sni, Morro Agudo, Gravataí, 21/X/2001 (UFRGS 3168) ; one sni, Gravataí, Morro Agudo, 13/ IV/2002, coll. A. Zimmer (UFRGS 3499) ; two males, Fazenda Sr. Dário, Bacia do Rio do Sinos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.968193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.802526" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.968193/lat -29.802526)">Gravataí</a> (29°48'09.1"S; 50°58'05.5"W), 07/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; I.S. Campos-Filho (UFRGS 5948) ; one female, Palavra da Vida, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.931194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.80297" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.931194/lat -29.80297)">Gravataí</a> (29°48'10.7"S; 50°55'52.3"W), 19/X/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 6295) ; one sni, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hillaire, 10/XII/1976, coll. Edna (UFRGS 275) two males, Parque Saint’Hilaire, coll. Edna (UFRGS 279) ; one female, Parque Saint’Hilaire, Viamão, coll. E. Ferronato (UFRGS 329) ; one female, Parque Saint’Hilaire, Viamão, coll. E. Ferronato (UFRGS 330) ; three sni, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire (UFRGS 583) ; one female, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire, VII/1981 (UFRGS 584) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire, V/1987, coll. Turma de Carcinologia (UFRGS 6800) ; one juvenile, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire, 14/III/1985, coll. L. Buckup, G. Bond-Buckup &amp; O. Facchini (UFRGS 1361) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire, 13/XII/1976, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 2351) ; one male, Viamão, Parque Saint’Hilaire 12/VIII/1994 (UFRGS 2701) ; one female and one juvenile, Fazenda Quinta da Estância Grande, Viamão (-30.284127’S; -51.230806’W), 30/VIII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 5946) ; 1 sni, Arroio Garcia, Viamão, 10/IV/2002, coll. Eutenes, Castro &amp; Souto (UFRGS 6700) ; two males, one female and 11 juveniles, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.216667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.216667/lat -30.033333)">Porto Alegre</a> (30°2’S; 51°13’W), coll. Hensel (MNB 3448) ; our males, Porto Alegre, Sítio Ronco do Bugio. 23/IX/2014, coll. A. F. Quadros (UFRGS 6377) ; one male and one female, Porto Alegre, Vila Jardim, 25/V/1963, coll. N. Klevaco (UFRGS 282) ; one male, Praça da Vila Renascença, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.19174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.09772" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.19174/lat -30.09772)">Porto Alegre</a> (30°5’51.79”S; 51°11’30.26”W), 10/II/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes, F.B. Ribeiro &amp; G.C. Dalló (UFRGS 5861) ; one female, Porto Alegre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.233612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.121944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.233612/lat -30.121944)">Parque Natural Morro do Osso</a> (30°07’19”S; 51°14’01”W), 2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; A. Kessler (UFRGS 5338) ; three males and two juveniles, Parque Natural Morro do Osso, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.237537&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.11881" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.237537/lat -30.11881)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.118810S; - 51.237538W), 22/III/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; M. Pasolius (UFRGS 5947) ; one female, Porto Alegre, Morro Santana, 06/IV/2013, coll. K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 5757) ; three males, Beco do Retiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.10165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.15433" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.10165/lat -30.15433)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.15433S; - 51.101651W), 10/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; A.C. Oliveira (UFRGS 6598) ; one female, Morro da Agronomia, Porto Alegre, 26/XI/1975, coll. Bruno (UFRGS 278) ; one sni (dry specimen), riacho em Porto Alegre, 26/V/1958, coll. Odilo &amp; Artur (UFRGS 1353) ; two juveniles and one male, arredores do Morro São Pedro, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.61503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.9036" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.61503/lat 48.9036)">Porto Alegre</a> (UTM 22J 48.9036 66.61503), X/2015, coll. C.E. Machado (UFRGS 6362) ; four juveniles, Arroio do Campus do Vale, Porto Alegre, 5/X/1977, coll. G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 274) ; one male and one juvenile, Rua João Possuelo, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.1965&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.107983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.1965/lat -30.107983)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.107983S; - 51.1965W), 06/IV/2013, coll. T.G. Loureiro &amp; K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5759) ; one male and one juvenile, Piquete na Estrada dos Alpes, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.184605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.096733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.184605/lat -30.096733)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.096733S; - 51.184604W), 06/IV/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5760) ; one male and three juveniles, Arroio na Estrada dos Alpes, Porto Alegre (- 30.0948S; -51.18.797W), 06/IV/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes, G.M. Cardoso &amp; T.G. Loureiro (UFRGS 5762) ; one juvenile, Praça Lagos, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.443&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.152548" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.443/lat -30.152548)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.152548S; - 51.4430W), 04/ II/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5763) ; one male and one female, Praça da Vila Jardim Renascença, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.19174&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.09772" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.19174/lat -30.09772)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.09772S; - 51.191740W), 10/VII/2013, coll. K.M Gomes, F.B. Ribeiro &amp; G.C. Dalló (UFRGS 5860) ; one male, Sítio do Mato, Zona Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.1428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.117418" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.1428/lat -30.117418)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.1174176S; 51.14280W), 22/III/2014, coll. M. Pasolius (UFRGS 5868) [ILLUSTRATED]; one male, Ac. Mário, Lomba do Pinheiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08326&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.151726" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08326/lat -30.151726)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.151726S; - 51.08326W), 21/XI/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 6023) ; one male, Rua Dona Francisca, Lomba do Pinheiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.103294&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.134718" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.103294/lat -30.134718)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.134718S; - 51.103294W), 26/IX/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; D.C. Kenne (UFRGS 6025) ; one sni, Estrada das Quirinas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.07972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.16395" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.07972/lat -30.16395)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.16395S; - 51.07972W), 10/XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 6024) ; two males, sede camprestre dos funcionários da CEEE, Ponta Grossa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.230804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.184128" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.230804/lat -30.184128)">Porto Alegre</a> (- 30.184127S; - 51.230806W), 09/ XII/2014, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; D.C. Kenne (UFRGS 6026) ; two juveniles, Guaíba, Fazenda São Maximiliano, 28/ IV/1984, coll. N. F. Fontoura (UFRGS 1367) ; 1 sni, Passo da Mônica, Guaíba, IV/1991, coll. L.C. Kucharski (UFRGS 2349) ; 2 sni, Drenagem Patos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.467113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.166166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.467113/lat -30.166166)">Guaíba</a> (30°09'58.2"S; 51°28'01.6"W), 2005, coll. J. Anza (UFRGS 6234) ; five juveniles, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 23/IX/1979, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 324) ; one female, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 18/XII/1978, coll. Flamarion (UFRGS 331) ; one male, Estação Experimental Agronômica UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, 14/XII/2017, coll. A.F. Huber &amp; P.B. Araujo (UFRGS 6549) ; one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.69503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.099806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.69503/lat -30.099806)">Estação Experimental Agronômica</a> UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 05/IV/2018, coll. F.B. Ribeiro &amp; A.F. Huber (UFRGS 6597) ; 1 sni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.69503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.099806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.69503/lat -30.099806)">Estação Experimental Agronômica</a> UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 22/VI/2017, coll. F.B. Ribeiro &amp; A.F. Huber (UFRGS 6500) ; one sni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.69503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.099806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.69503/lat -30.099806)">Estação Experimental Agronômica</a> UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul (30°05'59.3"S; 51°41'42.1"W), 06/XII/2018, coll. A.F. Huber &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 6655) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, 27/ III/1998 (UFRGS 2735) ; three males and three sni, Mariana Pimentel, IX/2016 ; one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.3775&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.344168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.3775/lat -30.344168)">Mariana Pimentel</a> (30°20’39"S; 51°22’39”W), 13/X/1997, (UFRGS 2721) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel, 05/I/1999, (UFRGS 2754) ; two males and one female sni, Mariana Pimentel, (UFRGS 2761); five females, Mariana Pimentel, 05/XII/1998, (UFRGS 2762) ; nine males, Mariana Pimentel (UFRGS 2765); one male, 13 females and three sni, Mariana Pimentel (UFRGS 2767); three males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.565277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.344723" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.565277/lat -30.344723)">Mariana Pimentel</a> (30°20’41”S; 51°33’55”W), 12/IV/2010, coll. W. Beduchaud, K.M. Gomes &amp; S. Santos (UFRGS 4890) ; four males and one female, Mariana Pimentel, 9/X/1986 (UFRGS 2337) ; three females, Mariana Pimentel (30°20’00’S; 51°22’39”W), coll. N. F. Fontoura (UFRGS 2338) ; three males and one female, Mariana Pimentel, 09/V/1988 (UFRGS 2352) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, 03/II/1998 (UFRGS 2736) ; one female, Mariana Pimentel, 14/X/1997 (UFRGS 2709) ; three males and one female, Mariana Pimentel, 18/III/1998 (UFRGS 2752) ; five males and four females, afluente Arroio Pequeno, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.53758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.37201" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.53758/lat -30.37201)">Mariana Pimentel</a> (- 30.37201S; - 51.53758W), 26/I/2013), coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5754) ; four males, one female and two juveniles, Morro do Cerro Negro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.56899&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.34564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.56899/lat -30.34564)">Mariana Pimentel</a> (- 30.34564S; - 51.568990W), 28/XI/2012, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; L. Pandolfo (UFRGS 5756) ; one male, Morro Cerro Negro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.56899&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.34564" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.56899/lat -30.34564)">Mariana Pimentel</a> (- 30.34564S; - 51.56899W); 2 sni, Mariana Pimentel, 25/VI/2016, coll. F.B. Ribeiro, K.M. Gomes &amp; A. Hirschmann (UFRGS 6411) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel, 31/III/1998 (UFRGS 2722) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel, 31/III/1998 (UFRGS 2742) ; one sni, Mariana Pimentel, 23/I/1999 (UFRGS 2753) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, 14/II/1994 (UFRGS 3356) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, Estrada do Boqueirão, Cerro da Cavalhada, 20/VIII/1982, coll. R. V. Sá Filho (UFRGS 1357) ; one male, Mariana Pimentel, affluent of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.534164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.353611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.534164/lat -30.353611)">river Ribeirão Pequeno</a> (30°21’13”S; 51°32’03”W), 24/VI/2010, coll. K. M. Gomes &amp; Sandro Santos (UFRGS 4927) ; six males and one juvenile, Horto Florestal Mariana, 03/III/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr (UFRGS 2223) ; two males, Mariana Pimentel, Horto Florestal Mariana, 11/XI/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr &amp; G. Vinciprova (UFRGS 2265) ; 1 sni, Arroio da Cascata, Horto Florestal Ramos, Mariana Pimentel, 30/X/2001, coll. W. Bruschi Jr. (UFRGS 3196) ; two males and three juveniles, Horto Florestal Mariana, Arroio Menor, Jacuí Basin, 23/V/1987, coll. W. Bruschi Jr &amp; G. Vinciprova (UFRGS 2221) ; two juveniles, Arroio Menor, Horto Florestal Mariana, 13/IX/1997 (UFRGS 2250) ; one male, Arroio da Cascata, Horto Florestal Mariana, 11/XI/1993, coll. W. Bruschi Jr &amp; G. Vinciprova (UFRGS 2258) ; one male, Arroio Tolloti (next Horto Florestal Mariana), Mariana Pimentel (UTM 041896/6647703), 18/VI/2002, coll. F. Vilella (UFRGS 3524) ; two males and three female, Horto Florestal Ramos, Mariana Pimentel, Arroio dos Ratos Basin, 02/IX/1997, W. Bruschi Jr. (UFRGS 2215) ; five males and one juvenile, Horto Florestal Mariana, Mariana Pimentel, 14/VIII/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr. (UFRGS 2218) ; one male, Horto Florestal Santo Amaro, Arroio Mosquito, 26/XI/1997, coll. W. Bruschi Jr &amp; G. Vinciprova (UFRGS 2274) ; one male, Horto Florestal Ramos, Arroio 3, coll. W. Bruschi Jr &amp; Cristiano (2260) ; one male, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.59333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.452778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.59333/lat -30.452778)">Sertão Santana</a> (30°27’10”S; 51°35’36”W), 23/VI/2010,coll. K.M.Gomes &amp; S. Santos (UFRGS4924) ; one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.662758&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.42658" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.662758/lat -30.42658)">Sertão Santana</a> (30°25’35.69”S; 51°39’45.92”W), coll. P. Colombo, I. Colombo &amp; L.Q. Hoffman (UFRGS 6551) ; one sni, Tributátio Arroio do Salso (sentido Barão do Triunfo —­ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.684444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.360556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.684444/lat -31.360556)">Sertão Santana</a>) (31°21’38”S; 51°41’04”W), coll. K. M. Gomes &amp; S. Santos (UFRGS 4887) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. von Martens (1869) and Buckup and Rossi (1980).</p><p>Remarks. Additional characters not mentioned in the original description by von Martens (1869) or in the redescription by Buckup and Rossi (1980) are: eyes small (Fig. 9A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 9A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a small conical projection (Fig. 10A); antenna when extended back reaching telson; antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 10D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with sharp spine (Fig. 10A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior is the largest (Fig. 10E); SLP4 smallest and very close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 larger than SLP4 and close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes visible and well separated to each other (Fig. 10B, C); male cuticle partition present. As von Martens (1869) did not designate a holotype, Buckup &amp; Bond-Buckup (1980) designated the largest specimen of lot MNB 3322 as the lectotype, with Porto Alegre as the type-locality. Miranda et al. (2018) conducted molecular phylogenetic reconstructions using mitochondrial and nuclear markers that indicated the existence of multiple cryptic lineages within P. brasiliensis, of which only one can be considered as P. brasiliensis sensu stricto [here analyzed]. Some of these lineages of P. brasiliensis lato sensu were recently described as new species, P. guapo and P. gomesae (Huber et al. 2022) . Parastacus brasiliensis is morphologically similar to P. fluviatilis, P. guapo, P. gomesae, P. promatensis, P. tuerkayi, P. macanudo in having large and laterally flattened chelipeds, and lateral margin of antennal scale straight, but it can be distinguished by the strong concavity of the rostrum dorsal surface.</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon, tailfan and pereiopods greenish brown, dark brown, or black. Antennal flagellum light brown (Fig. 11C, D).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Streams and springs (Fig. 11A) (Buckup &amp; Rossi 1980; Miranda et al. 2018). Burrows are built in stream margins and are not complex and usually shallow (less than 50 cm), consisting of up to two single openings with chimneys with an average height of 5 cm (Fig. 11B) (Buckup &amp; Rossi 1980; Miranda et al. 2018). Burrows of P. brasiliensis can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Buckup &amp; Rossi, 1980; Miranda et al. 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE426059FF1BFA17F3BFFC60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE486058FF1BFB90F594FDEC.text	E0222776BE486058FF1BFB90F594FDEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi 1882)	<div><p>Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882)</p><p>(Fig. 12)</p><p>Astacus chilensis .—­ Nicolet 1849: 211 [not H. Milne-Edwards, 1837] Astacus Nicoleti Philippi, 1882: 624 . Astacus nicoleti .—­ Faxon 1914: 354. Astacus Ricoleti. —­ Philippi 1882:6 26 [erroneous spelling]. Parastacus nicoletii Faxon, 1898: 689 [junior objective synonym]. Parastacus nicoleti. —­ Ortmann 1902: 293.—­ Porter 1917: 98, fig. 61.—­ Bahamonde 1958: 183, figs. 1–17.—­ Riek 1971: 133.—­</p><p>Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 372.—­ Buckup &amp; Rossi 1993: 168, fig. 4.—­ Rudolph 2010: 37, fig. 1C, 2C.—­ Rudolph 2013b: 1488,</p><p>fig. 14.—­ Ríos-Escalante 2016: 121, fig. 3(4).—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Ribeiro &amp; Araujo 2017: 394, figs.</p><p>1–4.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 876 (key), fig. 23.60.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 275 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129</p><p>(appendix), fig. 1k.—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2023: 110, fig. 1(1).—­ Huber et al. 2024: 13 (key).</p><p>Parastacus Nicoleti. —­ Porter 1904: 255.</p><p>Parastacus nicoletti .—­ Bahamonde 1951: 91 [erroneous spelling]</p><p>Neotype: Chile: one male Miraflores, Río Valdivia, XI/1957, coll. Killian (MNHNCL DEC–15001), designated by Ribeiro &amp; Araujo (2017).</p><p>Diagnosis. Bahamonde (1958), Buckup and Rossi (1993) and Rudolph (2013).</p><p>Remarks. A neotype was designated by Ribeiro and Araujo (2017) based on the examination of specimens from the type locality deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural of Chile previously analyzed by Bahamonde (1958), who confirmed the validity of this species. The authors improved the species description with the inclusion of new drawings and morphological characters. Along with Ribeiro and Araujo (2017), Buckup and Rossi (1993) indicated that the lateral spines in telson are present in all species of Parastacus, except P. nicoleti . Telson without lateral spines is also found in the Australian genus Engaeus Erichson, 1846 . The complete mitogenome of P. nicoleti was sequenced recently and revealed a sister-group relationship with all other Australian parastacid crayfishes (Ji et al. 2020). In addition, molecular species delimitation approaches using one mitochondrial marker (COI) raised the hypothesis that P. nicoleti could be a species complex (Amador et al. 2021), which should be further tested with more data in an integrative way. COI results were tested using genomic data (SNPs), corroborating the results of the single locus species delimitation study (Amador et al. 2021).</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon and tailfan reddish brown. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 and chelipeds reddish brown. Antennal flagellum dark blue (Fig. 12B) (Rudolph 2010).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Vegas or hualves (Fig. 12D). This species occurs in underground waters in small valleys or depressions between mountains or topographic depressions, usually associated with perennial forests (Rudolph 2013). Individuals of Parastacus nicoleti build deep burrows with multiple entrance tunnels and conspicuous chimneys (Fig. 13C) (Rudolph 2013). Parastacus nicoleti can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Distribution. Chile (Ribeiro and Araujo 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE486058FF1BFB90F594FDEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE496058FF1BFD1CF4A1F813.text	E0222776BE496058FF1BFD1CF4A1F813.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus defossus Faxon 1898	<div><p>Parastacus defossus Faxon, 1898</p><p>(Fig. 13–14)</p><p>Parastacus defossus Faxon, 1898: 686, pl. 67: figs. 3, 4. — Ortmann 1902: 293.—­ Riek 1971: 134.—­ Buckup and Rossi 1980: 677.—­ Hobbs 1989: 79, fig. 370; 1991: 801, fig. 3f. —­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.68A.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1e.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type Locality. Montevideo (Uruguay) .</p><p>Type material re-examined. Holotype, ♂, Uruguay, Montevideo, mouth of La Plata, coll. W. E. Safford, U. S S. “Vandalia” (USNM 19647) [Photos examined].</p><p>Material examined. Uruguay —­ one male, 1897, coll. Rodrigues (MACN–In 4970–2); two males, Maldonado, Ruta 13, km 180, coll. I. Larossa (FC–UDELAR w/n) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. Faxon (1898).</p><p>Remarks. Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes small (Fig. 13A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 13, B); epistome anterolateral section with an inconspicuous conical projection (Fig. 14A); antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 14D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article unarmed (Fig. 14A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the second and third teeth from the anterior are the largest (Fig. 14E); SLP4 very close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest and close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and slightly inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes visible and close to each other (Fig. 14B, C); male cuticle partition present. This species is morphologically similar to P. pugnax and P. caeruleodactylus in having globose chelipeds, post orbital carinae weakly prominent, telson subrectangular and triangular rostrum, but it is distinguishable in having shorter dactylus and carpus with one blunt spine near the distal end.</p><p>Distribution. Uruguay: provinces of Montevideo and Maldonado (Faxon, 1898). This species was recorded in Brazil, without a detailed locality, for the first time by Ortmann (1902). In the review of Buckup &amp; Rossi (1980), they consider that this species occurs in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The authors redescribed the species based on Brazilian specimens. However, the analysis of photos of the type material of P. defossus and additional material from FC-UDELAR and all Brazilian material previously identified as P. defossus, allowed us to raise the hypothesis that this species does not occur in Brazil. The Brazilian populations probably are composed of cryptic species that need further investigations using molecular tools and are not included here.</p><p>Color of live specimens. Not available.</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Burrows (Faxon, 1898). More data not available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE496058FF1BFD1CF4A1F813	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE4D605CFF1BFF38F39DF899.text	E0222776BE4D605CFF1BFF38F39DF899.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus saffordi Faxon 1898	<div><p>Parastacus saffordi Faxon, 1898</p><p>(Fig. 15–17)</p><p>Parastacus saffordi Faxon, 1898: 683, pl. 68. — Ortmann 1902: 293.—­ Riek, 1971:134.—­ Buckup and Rossi, 1980:673, figs. 9- 11.21.—­ Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 368; 1991: 801, fig. 3b.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave, 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 876 (key), fig. 23.62B, D.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1o.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 13 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Montevideo (Uruguay) .</p><p>Type material re-examined. Holotype, ♂, Uruguay, Montevideo, mouth of La Plata, coll. W. E. Safford, U. S S. “Vandalia” (USNM 12581) [Photos examined].</p><p>Material examined. Brazil, Santa Catarina: one male and one female, Cubatão river, 1960, coll. Rosenberger (UFRGS 2705) ; one male, Siderópolis, 10/XII/2013, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 6918) ; one male, Siderópolis, Reserva do Aguaí, 2014, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 5862) ; two males and one sni, Siderópolis, Reserva do Aguaí, 2014, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 5863) ; two males, Siderópolis, Reserva do Aguaí, 2014, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 5864) ; one male, Siderópolis, Estrada para <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.50282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.591995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.50282/lat -28.591995)">Jordão Baixo</a> (28°35’31.18”S; 49°30’10.15”W), 10/XII/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 5875) ; one male, Siderópolis, Estrada para <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.50282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.591995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.50282/lat -28.591995)">Jordão Baixo</a> (28°35’31.18”S; 49°30’10.15”W), 10/XII/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 5876) ; one sni, Siderópolis, Estrada para <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.50282&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.591995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.50282/lat -28.591995)">Jordão Baixo</a> (28°35’31.18”S; 49°30’10.15”W), 10/XII/2013, coll. K.M. Gomes &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 5877) ; one female and one juvenile, Nascente que deságua no Rio São Bento, sub-bacia do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.56035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.614956" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.56035/lat -28.614956)">Rio Mãe Luzia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.56035&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.614956" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.56035/lat -28.614956)">Bacia do Araranguá</a> (28°36’53,84”S; 49°33’37,26”W), 20/IX/2019, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 6917) ; Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: one male, Novo Hamburgo, Lomba Grande, Estrada da Integração, 26/X1985, coll. Guacira &amp; Jackson (UFRGS 1356) .</p><p>Uruguay: one male, Montevideo (MZUSP 251); one sni, Maldonado, Barra do Maldonado, II/1975 (FCENUBA w/n) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. Faxon (1898) and Buckup &amp; Rossi (1980).</p><p>Remarks. Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes large (Fig. 15A, B, C); front wide (Fig. 15A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a sharp conical projection (Fig. 16A); antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 16D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with one sharp spine (Fig. 16A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate or tricuspidate, incisor lobe with ten teeth; the third tooth from the anterior are the largest (Fig. 16E); SLP4 smallest and separeted to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 separeted to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and slightly inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other in the superior portion, bullar lobes visible and separated to each other (Fig. 16B, C); male cuticle partition present. This species resembles P. varicosus in having a long and triangular rostrum, cheliped propodus densely covered by verrucous tubercles, post orbital carinae, and largest lobe of protopod of exopod with one spine and branchiocardic grooves with elevation, but it is distinguishable by the shorter merus and internal margin of cutting edge of finger covered by tufts of setae on the proximal portion.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina; Uruguay: departments of Montevideo and Maldonado (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon and tailfan light green, dark green or greenish brown. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 light green (Fig. 17C–E).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Swamps and wetlands away from temporary or permanent water bodies and sometimes in streams near waterfalls, where they can build shallow burrows in the margins (Fig. 17A, B). Burrows of P. saffordi can be identified as type 1 a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification, and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE4D605CFF1BFF38F39DF899	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE716064FF1BFF38F650FCD0.text	E0222776BE716064FF1BFF38F650FCD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus varicosus Faxon 1898	<div><p>Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898</p><p>(Fig. 18–20)</p><p>Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898: 685, pl. 69. — Ortmann 1902: 293.—­ Riek, 1971:134,fig. 1a, d, e.—­ Buckup &amp; Rossi, 1980:675, figs. 12-14,21.—­ Hobbs 1989: 80, fig. 367; 1991: 801, fig. 3d.—­ Buckup &amp; Bond-Buckup 1994: 19.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave, 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 876 (key), fig. 23.62A, C. —­ Huber et al. 2022: 275 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1131 (appendix), fig. 1q..—­ Huber et al. 2024: 13 (key).</p><p>Parastacus pilimanus .—­ Correa et al. 2013: 156, fig. 1, 2.</p><p>Type locality. Colima (Mexico) [erroneous locality] .</p><p>Type material re-examined. Holotype, ♂, Colima (USNM 4133) [Photos examined].</p><p>Material examined. Brazil, Santa Catarina: one male, Joinville, Estrada Timbé (direção <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.846386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.208334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.846386/lat -26.208334)">Chaparral</a>) (26°12’30”S; 48°50’47”W), 19/II/2001, coll. L. Buckup &amp; G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 3067) ; one male and one female, Joinville, Estrada Timbé (direção <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.846386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.208334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.846386/lat -26.208334)">Chaparral</a>) (26°12’30”S; 48°50’47”W), 20/II/2001, coll. L. Buckup &amp; G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 3066) ; one male, Joinville, Estrada Timbé (direção <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.846386&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-26.208334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.846386/lat -26.208334)">Chaparral</a>) (26°12’30”S; 48°50’47”W), 08/X/2003, coll. L. Buckup &amp; G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 2663) ; two males, Siderópolis, Jordão Baixo, 01/XII/19777, coll. L. Buckup (UFRGS 271) ; one female and two juveniles, Maracajá, Canal de drenagem de fragmento florestal, sub-bacia do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.429367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.852154" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.429367/lat -28.852154)">Rio Mãe Luzia</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.429367&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.852154" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.429367/lat -28.852154)">Bacia do Rio Araranguá</a> (28°51’7,75”S; 49°25’45,72”W), 01/X/2019, coll. C. Feltrin (UFRGS 6920) ; one male, Maracajá, Arroio no <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.428833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.898832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.428833/lat -28.898832)">Parque Ecológico Maracajá</a> (28°53’55,8”S; 42°25’43,8”W), 27/ IX/2019, coll. C. Fukakusa, J. Ferrer, J. Chucktaya &amp; L. Malabarba (UFRGS 6920) .</p><p>Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: one male, Novo Hamburgo, Lomba Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Estrada da Integração</a>, 27/X/1985, coll. G. Oliveira &amp; J. Muller (UFRGS 1354); five males, one female, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Lomba Grande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Estrada da Integração</a>, 28/IX/1985, coll. J. Muller (UFRGS 1355); seven males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Lomba Grande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Estrada da Integração</a>, 25/X/1985, coll. Guacira &amp; Jackson (UFRGS 2343); one sni, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Lomba Grande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Estrada da Integração</a>, coll. G. Oliveira &amp; J. Muller (UFRGS 879); four males, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Fazenda do Sandro</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Lomba Grande</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Novo Hamburgo</a> (- 29.7302545S; - 51.087590W), 25/XI/2018, coll. A.F. Huber &amp; F.B. Ribeiro (UFRGS 6656); six males, Canoas, floodplain of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Sinus river</a>, Tabaí-Canoas, 16/IX/1983 (MCTP 981); one male, Porto Alegre, várzea do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.08759&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.730255" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.08759/lat -29.730255)">Rio Gravataí</a>, 08/XI/2000, coll. Malabarba, Berg, Anza &amp; Azevedo (UFRGS 4790); six juveniles, Laguna dos Patos, Tavares, VI/2016, coll. L.E.K. Lanés, R. Godoy &amp; V. Weber (UFRGS 6413); one male, Taim, 21/XI/1979, coll. Helena (UFRGS 2347); one female, Taim, 6–10/VII/1979, coll. P. Buckup, C. Souto &amp; K. Leyser (UFRGS 1370); six males, Pelotas, 22/VII1965 (MZUSP 6934); one female , Rio Grande do Sul, coll. Hering (BMNH 1983:5); one male, Mostardas, 21/I/1977 (UFRGS 281); one male, Gravataí, Fazenda Alencastro, 29/X/1976 (UFRGS 280) .</p><p>Uruguay: one sni, Republica Oriental del Uruguay, 1897, coll. F. M. Rodriguez (MACN–In 4570–1); two males, Departamento de Rocha, Camino a laguna de Rocha (Frente al Velódromo), IV/1996 (FC–UDELAR 314); one male and one female, Departamento de Rocha (FC–UDELAR 355); one male and three juveniles, Rocha, Ruta 9 Pte Arroyo Valizas, Charco al Norte de La Carretera, 09/V/1981, coll. R. V. Ferreira, F. Achaval &amp; J. Bergan (FCUDELAR 276); one sni, Bocas del Sarandi, III/1995 (FC–UDELAR 313); one sni, Departamento de Maldonado, Gruta de Salamanca, Ruta 13 entre Aigua y Velazquez (FC–UDELAR 384); one sni, Montevideo, Parque Centenario, XII/1938, coll. Carcelles, Alberto &amp; M. Rosa (MACN–In 23568); three females and 19 males, Maldonado, IX/1927, coll. C.R. Mazzoni (MACN–In 17514) .</p><p>Argentina: one female with juveniles, Entre Ríos (MACN–In 30723) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. Faxon (1898) and Buckup &amp; Rossi (1980).</p><p>Remarks. This species also occurs in the municipality of Siderópolis—­ SC, being erroneously identified as P. saffordi by Buckup and Rossi (1980). Regarding the type locality, it is clearly erroneous as pointed out by Hobbs (1987) and Buckup &amp; Rossi (1980), because the genus Parastacus only occurs in South America. The material listed by De los Ríos Escalante (2022) from the locality of Cova do Touro (29°52’S 51°00’W) used in the study of Silva-Castiglioni et al. (2008) was analyzed and does not correspond to P. varicosus, and are considered to be an undescribed species. Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes large (Fig. 18A, B, C); front wide (Fig. 18A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a very sharp conical projection (Fig. 19A); antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 19D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with one sharp spine (Fig. 19A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate or tricuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior are the largest (Fig. 19E); SLP4 smallest and separeted to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 widely separeted to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and slightly inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other in the superior portion, bullar lobes not visible (Fig. 19B, C); male cuticle partition present. Specimens collected in Joinville (state of Santa Catarina) lack the tufts of long setae present in the inner margin of cheliped merus, carpus, and propodus. However, there is not enough morphological evidence to group these individuals into another species. Parastacus varicosus is morphologically similar to P. saffordi as mentioned before, but it can be distinguishable by the serrated externally branchiocardic grooves, longer merus, propodus, and dactylus of chelipeds and by the anteriomedian lobe of epistome with acute apex.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina (Buckup and Rossi, 1980; 2003); Uruguay: departments of Montevideo, Maldonado and Rocha; Argentina: Province of Entre Ríos) (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions olive green. Dorsal pleon with dark green longitudinal lines interspaced by darkish yellow lines, tailfan light green, dark green or greenish brown. Chelipeds light green with a dark green line in lateral margins in palm and fingers. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 light green or dark green (Fig. 20D, E).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Swamps and wetlands away from temporary or permanent water bodies and sometimes in streams, where they can build shallow burrows in the margins with or without chimneys (Buckup &amp; Rossi, 1980) (Fig. 20A–C). Burrows of P. varicosus can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE716064FF1BFF38F650FCD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE756069FF1BFC00F5DAFF74.text	E0222776BE756069FF1BFC00F5DAFF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus laevigatus Buckup & Rossi 1980	<div><p>Parastacus laevigatus Buckup &amp; Rossi, 1980</p><p>(Fig. 21–22)</p><p>Parastacus laevigatus Buckup and Rossi, 1980: 677, figs. 18, 21.—­ Hobbs 1989: 79, fig. 369; 1991: 801.—­ Boos et al. 2012: 1030.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.66B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1i.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Buckup &amp; Rossi 1980) .</p><p>Type Material re-examined. Holotype. male, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Joinville, Estrada da Cidra, Chacara dos Ipês. 05/VIII/1961, coll. Rosenberg (MNRJ 31135) . Paratypes. one female and five juveniles, same data as holotype (MNRJ 31136); one female, Cubatão Grande, São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, 25/IX/1959, coll. H. Stick (MNRJ 31137) ; one female, Brazil (UFRGS 2039) .</p><p>Material examined. Brazil: Santa Catarina —­ one ovigerous female (with three eggs), São Francisco do Sul, E. Gounelle, 1914 (MNHN-IU 2013-14858) .</p><p>Diagnosis and description. Buckup &amp; Rossi (1980).</p><p>Remarks. The type material was apparently lost as pointed by Ludwig Buckup, but it was found in the UFRGS collection during the review of specimens. Apparently, this material was never deposited in the MNRJ collection by the original authors. It was send to MNRJ during the present study and received new catalog numbers. This species was never found again in nature since 1962 and it is probably extinct in nature (F. B. Ribeiro personal observation). Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes small (Fig. 21A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 21A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a blunt conical projection (Fig. 22A); antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 22D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article with one sharp spine (Fig. 22A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process unicuspidate, incisor lobe with eight teeth; the second tooth from the anterior are the largest (Fig. 22E); SLP4 close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest separeted to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and slightly inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each, bullar lobes not visible (Fig. 22B, C); male cuticle partition present. This species is morphologically similar to P. pilimanus, P. fluviatilis and P. pilicarpus in having the chelipeds laterally flattened and with the cutting edge of the finger covered by tufts of long setae, but it can be distinguished from those species by the post orbital carinae being obsolete and the presence of the carpal spine.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Santa Catarina (Buckup and Rossi, 1980).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Data not available.</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Data not available</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE756069FF1BFC00F5DAFF74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE78606AFF1BFEE4F43FFB2C.text	E0222776BE78606AFF1BFEE4F43FFB2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus promatensis Fontoura & Conter 2008	<div><p>Parastacus promatensis Fontoura &amp; Conter, 2008</p><p>(Figs. 23–24)</p><p>Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis Fontoura &amp; Conter, 2008: 29, fig. 1.—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix),</p><p>fig. 1a. Parastacus brasiliensis pomatensis .—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017:641. [erroneous spelling]. Parastacus promatensis .—­ Miranda et al. 2018: 1272, fig. 4.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.71A.—­ Huber et al. 2022:</p><p>276 (key).—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil .</p><p>Type material re-examined. Holotype: male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 25/II/1997 (MCTP 2085) ; Paratypes: six males and two females, same data as holotype (MCTP 2086) .</p><p>Material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L. C. C. Daudt (UFRGS 4160) ; two females and 1 male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS) (29°29’21.99”S 50°13’3.972”), 2014 (UFRGS 5949) ; two female and two males, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 05/IV/1995, coll. N. Fontoura (UFRGS 2110) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 08/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4156) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L. C. C. Daudt (UFRGS 4148) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4159) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4157) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4155) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L. C. C. Daudt (UFRGS 4153) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4150) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4152) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4149) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4151) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4154) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4158) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4161) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L. C. C. Daudt (UFRGS 4162) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4163) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006, coll. L.C.C. Daudt (UFRGS 4164) ; five females and four male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), X/2012, coll. G.T. Oliveira (UFRGS 6151) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 (MCTP 2639) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 (MCTP 2640) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 (MCTP 2641) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 (MCTP 2642) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/ VII/2005 (MCTP 2643) ; one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 09/VII/2005 (MCTP 2644) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2645) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2646) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2647) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2648) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2649) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2650) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2651) one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2652) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 15/I/2006 (MCTP 2653) ; one male, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 22/V/2006 (MCTP 2654) ; four males and one female, São Francisco de Paula, Riacho Garapiá, CPCN Pró-Mata (PUCRS), 21/IX/2009 (MCTP 2981) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Fontoura &amp; Conter (2008).</p><p>Remarks. This species was first described as a subspecies of P. brasiliensis based mainly on a morphometric analysis of individuals previously identified as P. brasiliensis from the locality of São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. However, Miranda et al. (2018) elevated this taxon to the species level based on genetic, morphological, and distribution analysis. However, recent articles erroneously place this taxon at subspecies level (De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022). Additional morphological characters not mentioned in previous descriptions include: eyes small (Fig. 23A, B, C); front narrow (Fig. 23A, B); epistome anterolateral section with a blunt conical projection and tubercles (Fig. 24A); antennal scale lateral margin straight (Fig. 24D); antennule internal ventral border of basal article without one sharp spine (Fig. 24A); mandible with cephalic molar process molariform and caudal molar process bicuspidate, incisor lobe with nine teeth; the third tooth from the anterior are the largest (Fig. 24E); SLP4 smallest and close to each other, medial keel present and not inflated; SLP5 close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with slightly concave dorsal surface, medial keel present and slightly inflated; SLP7 largest and with slightly concave surface, median keel present and inflated; SLP8 smaller than SLP 7, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each, bullar lobes visible and widely separated (Fig. 24B, C); male cuticle partition present. This species is morphologically similar to P. brasiliensis and P. fluviatilis in having the chelipeds long and laterally flattened, triangular rostrum and post orbital carinae prominent, but it can bedistinguishable by the longer dactyls of chelipeds and the entire lateral margin of chelipeds covered by verrucous tubercles irregularly distributed.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil, state of Rio Grande do Sul (Fontoura &amp; Conter 2008; Miranda et al. 2018).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon, tailfan and pereiopods greenish brown or dark brown or black. Antennal flagellum light brown (Miranda et al. 2018).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Streams at high altitudes (~ 850 m) (Fontoura &amp; Conter 2008). No data is available concerning burrow structure, but probably this species should be classified as a tertiary burrower according to the habitat where the specimens were collected (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE78606AFF1BFEE4F43FFB2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE7B606DFF1BFB5CF3C5FF58.text	E0222776BE7B606DFF1BFB5CF3C5FF58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus fluviatilis Ribeiro & Buckup	<div><p>Parastacus fluviatilis Ribeiro &amp; Buckup in Ribeiro et al., 2016</p><p>(Fig. 25)</p><p>Parastacus fluviatilis Ribeiro &amp; Buckup in Ribeiro et al., 2016: 305, figs. 2–5.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.69B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key)..—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1f. —­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1i.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. São José dos Ausentes, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ribeiro et al. 2016) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: one female, São José dos Ausentes, Divisa river, 3/ X/2002, coll. G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 2059) ; one male, São José dos Ausentes, Morro Monte Negro, 03/X/2002, coll. G. Bond-Buckup (UFRGS 2293) ; one juvenile, São José dos Ausentes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.7968&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.616613" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.7968/lat -28.616613)">Pico Monte Negro</a> (28°36'59.81"S; 49°47'48.48"W), 14/V/2013, coll. F.B. Ribeiro, K.M. Gomes &amp; D.C. Kenne (UFRGS 6435) ; one male, Silveira / São José dos Ausentes, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.94102&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.64553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.94102/lat -28.64553)">Divisa river</a> (28°38'43.91"S; 49°56'27.67"W), 15/V/2013, coll. F.B. Ribeiro &amp; K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 6436) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Ribeiro et al. (2016).</p><p>Remarks. The record of this species at about 1400 m of altitude in Pico Monte Negro, São José dos Ausentes (RS) constitutes the higher record of freshwater crayfish in South America.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Ribeiro et al. 2016).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Ribeiro et al. (2016) (Fig. 25A).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Streams at high altitudes (~ 1,400m) (Ribeiro et al. 2016) (Fig. 25C). This species builds shallow burrows with small chimneys in the river margins (Fig. 25B) (Ribeiro et al. 2016). Burrows of P. fluviatilis can be identified as type 1a,b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE7B606DFF1BFB5CF3C5FF58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE7C606FFF1BF9DAF781FEE8.text	E0222776BE7C606FFF1BF9DAF781FEE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus caeruleodactylus Ribeiro & Araujo	<div><p>Parastacus caeruleodactylus Ribeiro &amp; Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2016</p><p>(Fig. 26)</p><p>Parastacus caeruleodactylus Ribeiro &amp; Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2016: 311, figs. 2, 6–9.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.67B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1d.—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1i.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Morrinhos do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ribeiro et al. 2016) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Dom Pedro de Alcântara, five males and one female, Reserva Mata do Professor Baptista, 11/I/2019, coll. F. B. Ribeiro, A. F. Huber &amp; K. M. Gomes (UFRGS 6501) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Ribeiro et al. (2016).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Ribeiro et al. 2016).</p><p>Color of living specimens. Ribeiro et al. (2016) (Fig. 26).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Swamp forests (Ribeiro et al. 2016). Parastacus caeruleodactylus builds deep burrows with chimneys averaging 10 cm in height and width (Ribeiro et al. 2016). Burrows of P. caeruleodactylus can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020). The reproductive period of this species follows the pattern of spring-summer and the offspring number ranges from 20 to 40 (Ribeiro et al. 2019). The second juvenile stage of P. caeruleodactylus was described by Ribeiro et al. (2019), raising important new information for the reproductive biology of South American parastacids.</p><p>\</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE7C606FFF1BF9DAF781FEE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE7E606FFF1BFE3CF22DFC02.text	E0222776BE7E606FFF1BFE3CF22DFC02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus tuerkayi Ribeiro, Huber & Araujo	<div><p>Parastacus tuerkayi Ribeiro, Huber &amp; Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2017</p><p>(Fig. 27)</p><p>Parastacus tuerkayi Ribeiro, Huber &amp; Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2017: 3, figs. 1–5.—­ Crandall &amp; De Grave 2017: 641.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 879 (key), fig. 23.70.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1p. —­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Penha, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ribeiro et al. 2017) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Ribeiro et al. (2017).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Ribeiro et al. 2017).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Ribeiro et al. (2017) (Fig. 27).</p><p>Habitat. Swamp forests (Ribeiro et al., 2017). Parastacus tuerkayi build burrows that can reach a depth of up to one meter, but with few branches and with long (up to 15 cm) and large (up to 12 cm) chimneys (Ribeiro et al. 2017). Burrows of P. tuerkayi can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE7E606FFF1BFE3CF22DFC02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFF38F5E7FDDC.text	E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFF38F5E7FDDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus buckupi Huber, Ribeiro & Araujo 2018	<div><p>Parastacus buckupi Huber, Ribeiro &amp; Araujo, 2018</p><p>Parastacus brasiliensis .—­ Vilella et al. 2004: 22.</p><p>Parastacus buckupi Huber et al. 2018: 3, figs. 1–3, 8.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 877 (key), fig. 23.63B.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1c.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Maquiné, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Huber et al. 2018) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2018).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Huber et al. 2018).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Huber et al. (2018).</p><p>Habitat. Streams at high altitudes (~ 800 m) (Huber et al. 2018). No data is available concerning burrow structure, but probably this species should be classified as a tertiary burrower according to the habitat where the specimens were collected (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFF38F5E7FDDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFD36F2C5FBDE.text	E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFD36F2C5FBDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus pilicarpus Huber, Ribeiro & Araujo 2018	<div><p>Parastacus pilicarpus Huber, Ribeiro &amp; Araujo, 2018</p><p>(Fig. 28)</p><p>Parastacus pilicarpus Huber et al. 2018: 10, Figs. Figs. 4–8.—­ Rogers et al. 2020: 877 (key), fig. 23.64.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1130 (appendix), fig. 1l. —­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Morro Grande, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Huber et al. 2018) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2018).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Santa Catarina (Huber et al. 2018).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Huber et al. (2018) (Fig. 28).</p><p>Habitat. Streams (Huber et al. 2018). This species builds burrows with small chimneys in the river margins. Burrows of P. pilicarpus can be identified as type 1a,b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Ribeiro et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE7F606EFF1BFD36F2C5FBDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE606071FF1BFF38F650FDF6.text	E0222776BE606071FF1BFF38F650FDF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus macanudo Huber, Rockhill, Araujo & Ribeiro 2020	<div><p>Parastacus macanudo Huber, Rockhill, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2020</p><p>(Fig. 29)</p><p>Parastacus macanudo Huber et al., 2020: 2, figs. 1–5.—­ Huber et al. 2022: 276 (key).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1j, 1p. —­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Huber et al. 2020) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2020).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: Rio Grande do Sul (Huber et al. 2020).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Huber et al. (2020) (Fig. 29).</p><p>Habitat. Swamp forest (Huber et al. 2020). This species builds deep burrows with small chimneys in the river margins. Burrows of P. pilicarpus can be identified as type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Huber et al. 2020).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE606071FF1BFF38F650FDF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE606070FF1BF977F55FFE04.text	E0222776BE606070FF1BF977F55FFE04.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus guapo Huber, Araujo & Ribeiro 2022	<div><p>Parastacus guapo Huber, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2022</p><p>(Fig. 30)</p><p>Parastacus guapo Huber et al. 2022: 254, 276 (key), figs. 1–6).—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1h.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. Pantano Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Huber et al. 2022). Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2022).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Huber et al. 2022).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Huber et al. (2022) (Fig. 30).</p><p>Habitat. Wetlands (Huber et al. 2022). This species builds deep burrows with 1-4 interconnected tunnels (up to 1m) ending in a life chamber, and the entries of the galleries are delimited by simple holes or by chimneys, which can reach up to 8 cm high and wide. Burrows of P. guapo can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Huber et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE606070FF1BF977F55FFE04	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE616070FF1BFA48F55FF865.text	E0222776BE616070FF1BFA48F55FF865.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus gomesae Huber, Araujo & Ribeiro 2022	<div><p>Parastacus gomesae Huber, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2022</p><p>(Fig. 31)</p><p>Parastacus gomesae Huber et al. 2022: 266, figs. 1, 5, 7–10.—­ De los Ríos-Escalante et al. 2022: 1129 (appendix), fig. 1g.—­ Huber et al. 2024: 14 (key).</p><p>Type locality. São Jerônimo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Huber et al. 2022) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2022).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Huber et al. 2022).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Huber et al. (2022) (Fig. 31).</p><p>Habitat. Streams (Huber et al. 2022). This species builds burrows with 1-5 interconnected tunnels (up to 70 cm) ending in a life chamber, and the entries of the galleries are delimited by simple holes or by chimneys, which can reach up to 10 cm high and wide. Burrows of P. guapo can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification (Huber et al. 2022).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE616070FF1BFA48F55FF865	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE626073FF1BFB54F64BF9DE.text	E0222776BE626073FF1BFB54F64BF9DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus longidactylus Huber, Araujo & Ribeiro 2024	<div><p>Parastacus longidactylus Huber, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2024</p><p>Parastacus longidactylus Huber et al. 2024: 3, 14 (key), Figs. 1–4.</p><p>Type locality. Amaral Ferrador, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Huber et al. 2024) .</p><p>Diagnosis and Description. Huber et al. (2024).</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Huber et al. 2024).</p><p>Color of live specimens. Data not available.</p><p>Habitat. Streams (Huber et al. 2024 in press). Information concerning burrows and burrowing behavior is not available.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE626073FF1BFB54F64BF9DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE626076FF1BF909F416FF74.text	E0222776BE626076FF1BF909F416FF74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus bah Ribeiro & Araujo 2024	<div><p>Parastacus bah sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 32–34, Table 1)</p><p>Holotype. male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Dom Feliciano, Camaquã Basin, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.16021&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.48406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.16021/lat -30.48406)">Horto Herval</a> (30°29’2.616"S 52°9'36.75"W), 05/X/2012, coll. K.M. Gomes (MZUSP 45367).</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ 1: one male, Dom Feliciano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.084717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.535" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.084717/lat -30.535)">Horto Florestal Lageado</a> (30°32' 6"S; 52°5 4.99"W), 05/X/2012, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5497); 2 : one juvenile, Dom Feliciano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.1252&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.5485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.1252/lat -30.5485)">Horto Florestal Xavier</a> (30°32'54.6"S 52°7'30.72"W), 05/X/2012, coll. K.M. Gomes (UFRGS 5493) .</p><p>Etymology. Named based on the regional expression “bah ”, typical of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is an interjection that is valid for almost everything, depending on the intonation, can be used as a surprise, rejection, approval, admiration; used as a noun in apposition. We also suggest the common name “bah crayfish” for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Wide front with short trapezoid rostrum wider than long with apex inverted “U”-shaped, ending in a straight blunt and small spine. Post orbital carinae obsolete. Cervical groove weakly V-shaped. Globose and short chelipeds.</p><p>Description. Rostrum: trapezoid, wider than long (RL 75.1% of RW), short (12.1% of CL), reaching the middle of the second article of the antennular peduncle (Fig. 30A–C). Dorsum straight, apex inverted “U”-shaped, ending in straight blunt and small spine (Fig. 32B, C). Few plumose setae on lateral margins. Rostral carinae angled, prominent and narrow, extending back to carapace not surpassing rostral basis; rostral carinae sides slightly convergent and rostral carinae basis slightly divergent (Fig. 32B, C).</p><p>Cephalon: CeL 69.2% of CL. Eyes large (CMW 74.7% of OW); suborbital angle&gt;90°, unarmed (Fig. 30C). Front wide (FW 41.8% of CW). Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae (RCL 51% of POCL) and weakly prominent. Lateral cephalic edge with very sparse setation (Fig. 32A–C).</p><p>Thorax: carapace laterally compressed, deep and wide (CD 55.7% of CL; CW 48.7% of CL). Cervical groove weakly V-shaped. Branchiocardiac grooves inconspicuous (Fig. 30A). Areola wide, 2.2x as long as wide (31.9% of CL) (Fig. 32A).</p><p>Pleon: long and wide (PL 90.4% of CL; PW 80.3% of CW), smooth, not covered setae on pleural margins (Fig. 32A). Pleural somites with rounded posterior margins. S1 pleurae with a large distal lobe not overlapped by S2 pleurae. S2 pleurae high and short with deep groove parallel to margin (Fig. 32D).</p><p>Tailfan: telson uniformly calcified, subrectangular, longer than wide (TeW 89.2% of TeL), with sharp spines on lateral margins; rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae. Dorsal surface with tufts of short setae and inconspicuous dorsomedian longitudinal groove (Fig. 32E). Uropod protopod bilobed, with rounded and unarmed margins; proximal lobe largest. Exopod lateral margin bears a small and sharp spine, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a very sharp spine. Transverse suture (diaeresis) straight, with nine dorsolateral spines (outer) and seven dorsolateral spines (inner) on right exopod and eight dorsolateral spines (outer) and seven dorsolateral spine (inner) on the left exopod. Endopod, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a small and sharp spine; lateral margin with one small and sharp spine at level of exopod transverse suture (Fig. 32E).</p><p>Epistome: anterolateral section with sharp conical projection. Posterolateral section smooth and with deep and setose lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe, and reduced median circular conncavity. Anteromedian lobe hexagonal, 1.2x wider than long, apex straight with some serrated setae, reaching median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface concave at apex, and basis with a shallow groove (Fig. 33A).</p><p>Thoracic sternites: SLP4 small and very close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest and separated to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 a concave surface, median keel not inflated; SLP7 largest and with surface slightly concave, median keel inflated, bullar lobes absent; SLP8 straight, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes not visible (Fig. 33B, C).</p><p>Antennule: internal ventral border of basal article with small sharp spine (Fig. 33A).</p><p>Antenna: when extended back reaching the posterior margin of carapace. Antennal scale widest at midlength, reaching the end of third antennal article, ASW 57.1% of ASL (Fig. 33A, D), lateral margin straight, spine strong and distal margin emarginate. Coxa with prominent carina above nephropore and blunt spine above the nephropore. Basis unarmed (Fig. 33A).</p><p>Mandible: cephalic molar process molariform, caudal molar process bicuspidate with one cephalodistal cusp and one small distoproximal cusp. Incisor lobe with eight teeth. The third tooth from the anterior margin is the largest (Fig. 33E).</p><p>Third maxilliped: ischium glabrous in the middle, setose inner margin and sparse small and simple setae on outter margin (Fig. 33F); dorsal surface without setae (Fig. 33G). Crista dentata bearing 22 and 23 teeth in right and left ischium respectively. Merus ventral surface bearing few setae in the middle and densely setose inner margin. Exopod longer than ischium, with flagellum reaching proximal margin of merus (Fig. 33F, G).</p><p>First pair of pereiopods (chelipeds): small and subequal, laterally flattened (RPrT 28.1% of RPrL; LPrT 25.68% of LPrL) (Fig. 32A). Ischium ventral surface with 7 tubercles. Merus: right merus (RML) 68.8% of propodus length (RPrL); left merus (LML) 62.8% of propodus length (LPrL); ventral surface with two longitudinal series of tubercles: inner series with 12 tubercles, outer 16 and mesial 10, arranged irregularly on right merus; inner series bearing 13 tubercles, outer 16 and mesial 12, arranged irregularly on left merus. Dorsal and midventral spines present. Carpus dorsomedial surface not divided longitudinally by groove (Fig. 33A; Fig. 33I). Internal dorsolateral margin with row of tubercles, increasing in size distally; inner surface with few mesial tubercles. Carpal spine absent (Fig. 33I). Propodus width (RPrW and LPrW) 47.32% of length in right cheliped and 47.1% in left cheliped. Dorsal surface of palm squamose tubercles irregularly distributed (Fig. 33H, I). Inner margin without tubercles. Ventral surface bearing two rows of squamose tubercles, trespassing the beginning of the fixed finger (Fig. 31H). Dactylus: right dactylus (RDL) 63.8% of propodus length (RPrL), left dactylus (LDL) 61.9% of left propodus (LPrL); dorsal surface with squamose tubercles in the proximal portion (Fig. 33I). Cutting edge of fingers visible. Fixed finger with three subequal teeth. Dactylus with four teeth subequal in size (Fig. 33H, I).</p><p>Second pair of pereiopods: ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dorsal surface of dactylus with sparse covering of simple long setae (Fig. 33J).</p><p>Gonopores: Presence of both genital apertures on coxae of third and fifth pairs of pereiopods. Female gonopores semi-ellipsoidal (maximum diameter 0.74 mm) with well-calcified membrane. Male gonopores rounded, opening onto apical end of a small, fixed, calcified and truncated phallic papilla, close to inner border of ventral surface of coxae of fifth pair of pereiopods. Male cuticle partition present (Fig. 33B).</p><p>Remarks. Parastacus bah sp. nov. was previously identified as P. brasiliensis in the UFRGS collection. Parastacus bah sp. nov. resembles small specimens of P. brasiliensis in having the squamose tubercles on the dorsal surface of the palm irregularly distributed. It differs from all other Parastacus species by the trapezoid rostrum.</p><p>Color of live specimens. No available data.</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Streams. Burrows are simple and shallow and found in the stream margins. Burrows of P. bah sp. nov. can be identified as type 1a, b according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) classification and the species can be considered a tertiary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: State of Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 34).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE626076FF1BF909F416FF74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE67607CFF1BF8E5F5D4FD95.text	E0222776BE67607CFF1BF8E5F5D4FD95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus heterochaelis Ribeiro & Araujo 2024	<div><p>Parastacus heterochaelis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 35–38, Table 2)</p><p>Holotype. male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.85722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.09471" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.85722/lat -30.09471)">Viamão</a>, Banhado dos Pachecos (30°5’40.95”S; 50°51’25.99”W), 20/ VIII/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro &amp; K. M. Gomes (MZUSP 43368).</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ 1 and 2: two males, Viamão, Banhado dos Pachecos (30°5’49.99”S; 50°51’7.02”W) (UFRGS 5865); 3 and 4: one female and one juvenile, Osório, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.2815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.893833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.2815/lat -29.893833)">Morro da Borússia</a> (29°53.63’S; 50°16.89’W), 22/IV/2015 (UFRGS 6439) ; 5: one male, Osório, XI/1981, coll. L. Schirmer (UFRGS 1359) .</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species is related to the heterochely, i.e. different sizes (left is larger) of chelipeds found in all specimens; used as an adjective. We also suggest the common name “the big claw crayfish” for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rostrum wider than long. Rostral carinae short, not surpassing rostral basis when extending back to carapace. Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae and weakly prominent. Globose chelipeds with different sizes (heterochely). Anteromedian lobe of epistome with apex very acute.</p><p>Description. Rostrum: triangular, wider than long (RL 90% of RW), short (11.1% of CL), reaching the middle of the second article of the antennular peduncle (Fig. 35A–C). Dorsum straight, apex inverted “V”-shaped, ending in upward blunt and small spine (Fig. 35B, C). Few plumose setae on lateral margins. Rostral carinae straight, prominent and narrow, extending back to carapace not surpassing rostral basis; rostral carinae sides slightly convergent and rostral basis divergent (Fig. 35B, C).</p><p>Cephalon: Carapace lacking spines or tubercles. CeL 68% of CL. Eyes small (CMW 77.4% of OW); suborbital angle&gt; 90°, unarmed (Fig. 33C). Front narrow (FW 33.5% of CW). Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae (RCL 47.7% of POCL) and weakly prominent. Lateral cephalic edge with dense setation (Fig. 35A–C).</p><p>Thorax: carapace laterally compressed, deep and wide (CD 57.8% of CL; CW 45.8% of CL). Cervical groove weakly V-shaped. Branchiocardiac grooves conspicuous (Fig. 33A). Areola narrow, 2x as long as wide (25% of CL) (Fig. 35A).</p><p>Pleon: lacking spines or tubercles, short and wide (PL 79.7% of CL; PW 80.9% of CW), smooth, covered with setae on pleural margins (Fig. 35A). Pleural somites with rounded posterior margins. S1 pleurae with a large distal lobe not overlapped by S2 pleurae. S2 pleurae low and short with deep groove parallel to margin (Fig. 35D).</p><p>Tailfan: telson uniformly calcified, subrectangular, longer than wide (TeW 82.4% of TeL), with sharp spines on lateral margins; rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae. Dorsal surface with tufts of short setae and inconspicuous dorsomedian longitudinal groove (Fig. 35E). Uropod protopod bilobed, with rounded and unarmed margins; proximal lobe largest. Exopod lateral margin bears a small and sharp spine, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a sharp spine. Transverse suture (diaeresis) straight, with six dorsolateral spines (outer) and four dorsolateral spines (inner) on right exopod left exopod. Endopod, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a minuscle and sharp spine; lateral margin with one sharp spine at level of exopod transverse suture (Fig. 35E).</p><p>Epistome: anterolateral section with blunt conical projection with tubercles. Posterolateral section smooth and with deep lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe, and median concavity well developed. Anteromedian lobe pentagonal, 1.06x wider than long, apex very acute, reaching median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface straight in the middle and concave margins; basis with a shallow groove (Fig. 36A).</p><p>Thoracic sternites: SLP4 small and very close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest and separated to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5, subequal to SLP8, with concave surface, median keel inflated; SLP7 largest and with surface slightly concave, median keel inflated, bullar lobes absent; SLP8 straight, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes visible (Fig. 36B, C).</p><p>Antennule: internal ventral border of basal article with sharp spine (Fig. 36A).</p><p>Antenna: when extended back reaching S3. Antennal scale widest at midlength, reaching the end of third antennal article, ASW 42% of ASL (Fig. 36A, D), lateral margin straight, spine strong and distal margin emarginate. Coxa with prominent carina and one blunt spine above nephropore. Basis unarmed (Fig. 36A).</p><p>Mandible: cephalic molar process molariform, caudal molar process bicuspidate with one large cephalodistal cusp and one small distoproximal cusp. Incisor lobe with eight teeth. The second tooth from the anterior margin is the largest (Fig. 36E).</p><p>Third maxilliped: ischium, ventral surface with tufts of small setae in the middle and inner margin and few single setae in the outer margin (Fig. 36F); dorsal surface with few small and simple setae (Fig. 36G). Crista dentata bearing 24 and 25 teeth in right and left ischium respectively. Merus ventral surface with tufts of long and small. Exopod reaches the end of ischium (Fig. 36F, G).</p><p>First pair of pereiopods (chelipeds): large and with different sizes, globose (RPrT 23.9% of RPrL; LPrT 31.2% of LPrL) (Fig. 35A). Ischium ventral surface with 4 tubercles. Merus: right merus (RML) 71.1% of propodus length (RPrL); left merus (LML) 48.3% of propodus length (LPrL); ventral surface with two longitudinal series of tubercles: inner series with 17 tubercles, outer 16 and mesial 26, arranged irregularly on right merus; inner series bearing 17 tubercles, outer 16 and mesial 30, arranged irregularly on left merus. Dorsal and midventral spines present. Carpus groove impression absent (Fig. 36A; Fig. 36I). Internal dorsolateral margin with row of tubercles, increasing in size distally; inner surface with 20 small mesial tubercles. Carpal spine absent (Fig. 36I). Propodus width (RPrW and LPrW) 48.5% of length in right cheliped and 54.1% in left cheliped. Dorsal surface of palm with two rows of verrucous tubercles (Fig. 36H, I). Inner margin without tubercles. Ventral surface bearing two rows of squamose tubercles, reaching the beginning of the fixed finger (Fig. 34H). Right dactylus (RDL) 64.7% of propodus length (RPrL), left dactylus (LDL) 56.1% of left propodus (LPrL); dorsal surface with squamose tubercles in the proximal portion (Fig. 36I). Cutting edge of fingers visible. Fixed finger with nine teeth, third tooth largest. Dactylus with eleven teeth, second tooth largest (Fig. 36H, I).</p><p>Second pair of pereiopods: ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dorsal surface of dactylus with moderate cover of simple long setae (Fig. 36J).</p><p>Gonopores: Presence of both genital apertures on coxae of third and fifth pairs of pereiopods. Female gonopores semi-ellipsoidal (maximum diameter 1.12 mm) with well-calcified membrane. Male gonopores rounded, opening onto apical end of a small, fixed, calcified and truncated phallic papilla, close to inner border of ventral surface of coxae of fifth pair of pereiopods. Male cuticle partition present (Fig. 36B).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. defossus in its small size, globose chelipeds, and the post orbital carinae being obsolete. Parastacus heterochaelis sp. nov. is distinguishable from all congeneric species by displaying heterochely (chelipeds with different sizes) with left cheliped larger and by the anteromedian lobe of epistome with apex being very acute.</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon and tailfan brown to dark brown Pereiopod pairs 2–5 brown (Fig. 37C–E).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Peat bogs (Fig. 37A). Burrows are shallow with one or two tunnels and can reach up to 35 cm deep (Fig. 37B) Chimneys can reach up to 5 cm height and within the burrows can be found two adults individuals, including the female in the ovigerous stage. According to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) the burrows of Parastacus heterochaelis sp. nov. are of type 2 and it can be considered a primary burrower based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 38).</p><p>abbreviations see Material and Methods section.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE67607CFF1BF8E5F5D4FD95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE6E6002FF1BFF38F580FE20.text	E0222776BE6E6002FF1BFF38F580FE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus manezinho Ribeiro & Araujo 2024	<div><p>Parastacus manezinho sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 39–42, Table 3)</p><p>Holotype. male, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.54006&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.683086" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.54006/lat -28.683086)">Fazenda Experimental da Ressacada</a> —­ UFSC (- 28.683086 S; - 48.54006 W), 23/IX/2013, coll. F. B. Ribeiro, M. P. Almerão &amp; P. B. Araujo (MZUSP 43369).</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Santa Catarina —­ 1: one female, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6489); 2: one female, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6490); 3: one female, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6491); 4: one male, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6493); 5: one male, same data as holotype (UFRGS 7074); 6: one male, same data as holotype (UFRGS 7075) .</p><p>Etymology. Named based on the regional expression “manezinho ”, typical of the state of Santa Catarina, which is is the gentile popularly used to designate the natives of Florianópolis; used as a noun in apposition. We also suggest the common name “manezinho crayfish” for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rostrum triangular and with apex U-shaped, ending in a downward spine. Carpal spine present in chelipeds. Dorsal surface of chelipeds palm with three rows of verrucous tubercles.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Rostrum: triangular, longer than wide (RL 82.9% of RW), short (11.1% of CL), reaching half of the second article of the antennular peduncle (Fig. 39A–C). Dorsum deflexed, apex inverted “U”-shaped, ending in a downward spine (Fig. 39B, C). Few plumose setae on lateral margins. Rostral carinae straight prominent and narrow, extending back to carapace, slightly surpassing rostral basis, rostral carinae sides convergent and rostral carinae basis divergent (Fig. 39B, C).</p><p>Cephalon: Carapace lacking spines or tubercles. CeL 63.2% of CL. Eyes large (CMW 71.27% of OW); suborbital angle&gt; 90°, unarmed (Fig. 39C). Front narrow (FW 44.5% of CW). Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae (RCL 70.6% of POCL) and prominent. Lateral cephalic edge with sparse setation (Fig. 39A–C).</p><p>Thorax: carapace laterally compressed, deep and narrow (CD 54.8% of CL; CW 43.3% of CL). Cervical groove strongly V-shaped. Branchiocardiac grooves conspicuous (Fig. 39A). Areola narrow, 2.6 as long as wide (30.21% of CL) (Fig. 39A).</p><p>Pleon: lacking spines or tubercles, long and wide (PL 81.7% of CL; PW 94.9% of CW), smooth, covered with small setae on pleural margins (Fig. 37A). Pleural somites with rounded posterior margins. S2 pleurae low and short with deep groove parallel to margin (Fig. 39D, E, F).</p><p>Tailfan: telson uniformly calcified, subtriangular, longer than wide (TeW 84.3% of TeL), with small sharp spines on lateral margins; rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae. Dorsal surface with tufts of short setae and inconspicuous dorsomedian longitudinal groove (Fig. 39E). Uropod protopod bilobed, with rounded and unarmed margins; proximal lobe largest. Exopod lateral margin bears a small and sharp spine, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a sharp spine. Transverse suture (diaeresis) straight, with eleven dorsolateral spines (outer) and nine dorsolateral spines (inner) on right exopod and ten dorsolateral spines (outer) and seven dorsolateral spine (inner) on the left exopod. Endopod, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a small spine; lateral margin with one sharp spine at the level of exopod transverse suture (Fig. 39E).</p><p>Epistome: anterolateral section with blunt conical projection. Posterolateral section smooth and with deep lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe, and with a small median concavity. Anteromedian lobe pentagonal, 1.2x longer than wide, apex rounded with surpassing median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface concave at the apex with serrated setae, and basis with a shallow groove (Fig. 40A).</p><p>Thoracic sternites: SLP4 very close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 with a slightly concave surface, median keel inflated; SLP7 largest and with surface slightly concave, median keel inflated, bullar lobes absent; SLP8 straight, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar lobes separated to each other and clearly visible (Fig. 40B, C).</p><p>Antennule: internal ventral border of basal article without spine (Fig. 40A).</p><p>Antenna:when extended back reaching S2.Antennal scale widest at midlength, reaching the end of third antennal article, ASW 45.9% of ASL (Fig. 38A, D), lateral margin straight, spine strong and distal margin emarginate. Coxa with prominent carina and one blunt spine above nephropore. Basis unarmed (Fig. 40A).</p><p>Mandible: cephalic molar process molariform, caudal molar process unicuspidate with one cephalodistal cusp. Incisor lobe with nine teeth. The third tooth from the anterior margin is the largest (Fig. 40E).</p><p>Third maxilliped: ischium, ventral surface with tufts of setae (Fig. 38F); dorsal surface with few sparse small and simple setae (Fig. 40G). Crista dentata bearing 22 and 23 teeth in right and left ischium respectively. Merus ventral surface with longitudinal rows of long and simple setae. (Fig. 30F, G).</p><p>First pair of pereiopods (chelipeds): large and subequal, laterally flatenned (RPrT 22.1% of RPrL; LPrT 22.41% of LPrL) (Fig. 39A). Ischium ventral surface with 13 tubercles. Merus: right merus (RML) 53.7% of propodus length (RPrL); left merus (LML) 54.8% of propodus length (LPrL); ventral surface with two longitudinal series of tubercles: inner series with 12 tubercles, outer 12 and mesial 11, arranged irregularly on right merus; inner series bearing 14 tubercles, outer 13 and mesial 12, arranged irregularly on left merus. Dorsal and midventral spines present. Carpus divided by a shallow transversal groove (Fig. 39A; Fig. 40I). Internal dorsolateral margin with row of tubercles, increasing in size distally; inner surface with few small mesial tubercles. Carpal spine present (Fig. 40I). Propodus width (RPrW and LPrW) 45.6% of length in right cheliped and 46% in left cheliped. Dorsal surface of palm with three rows of verrucous tubercles (Fig. 40H, I). Inner margin without tubercles. Ventral surface bearing two rows of squamose tubercles, reaching the beginning of the fixed finger (Fig. 40H), right dactylus (RDL) 58.7% of propodus length (RPrL), left dactylus (LDL) 60.2% of left propodus (LPrL); dorsal surface with rows of setiferous punctuations (Fig. 40I). Cutting edge of fingers visible. Fixed finger with nine teeth, third teeth largest. Dactylus with nine teeth, third tooth largest (Fig. 40H, I).</p><p>Fig. 41. Parastacus manezinho sp. nov., habitat and living specimen: A—­ habitat, wetland in the municipality of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil; B—­ chimney; C—­ living specimen. tw = temnocephalan worm.</p><p>Second pair of pereiopods: ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dorsal surface of dactylus with sparse covering of simple long setae (Fig. 40J).</p><p>Gonopores: Presence of both genital apertures on coxae of third and fifth pairs of pereiopods. Female gonopores semi-ellipsoidal (maximum diameter 1.12 mm) with well-calcified membrane. Male gonopores rounded, opening onto apical end of a small, fixed, calcified and truncated phallic papilla, close to inner border of ventral surface of coxae of fifth pair of pereiopods. Male cuticle partition present (Fig. 40B).</p><p>Remarks. Parastacus manezinho sp. nov. resembles P. tuerkayi in having large chelipeds with the dorsal surface of palm with three rows of verrucous tubercles, but it can be distinguished from that species by the shape of the epistome anteromedian lobe and the number of teeth in the cephalic molar process of the mandible.</p><p>Color of living specimens. Rostrum, cephalothorax anterior and lateral regions, dorsal pleon and tailfan reddish brown to darkish red. Pereiopod pairs 2–5 reddish brown (Fig. 41C).</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Peat bogs (Fig. 41A). Burrows are shallow due to the flooded soil in the winter and autumn. In the summer and spring, burrows reach 1 m depth; simple burrows without ornamentation and with chimney reaching up to 5 cm height (Fig. 41B). Burrows of Parastacus manezinho sp. nov. are of type 2 according to Horwitz and Richardson’s (1986) and considered a primary burrower species based on Hobbs’ (1942) classification.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: Santa Catarina (Fig. 42).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE6E6002FF1BFF38F580FE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE136006FF1BFA70F41AF86D.text	E0222776BE136006FF1BFA70F41AF86D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus quasimodo Ribeiro & Araujo 2024	<div><p>Parastacus quasimodo sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 43–45, Table 4)</p><p>Holotype. male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.290947&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.70733" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.290947/lat -29.70733)">Caraá</a> (29°42’26.39”S; 50°17’27.41”W), 04/XII/2012, coll. M.P. Almerão (MZUSP 45370);</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ 1–5: five males, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6440) .</p><p>Etymology. The species’ name is derived from the fictional character “Quasimodo”, the deformed hunchback from the novel Notre-Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo; used as a noun in apposition. We also suggest the common name “Quasimodo crayfish” for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Rostrum wider than long, apex ending in an upwards spine. Pleon S3 longer than S2 with an elevation resembling a humpback.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Rostrum: triangular, wider than long (RL 83.2% of RW), short (11.1% of CL), not reaching the half of the second article of the antennular peduncle (Fig. 43A–C). Dorsum upwards, apex inverted “U”-shaped, ending in a upwards spine (Fig. 43B, C). Few plumose setae on lateral margins. Rostral carinae straight, prominent and narrow, extending back to carapace, slightly surpassing rostral basis, rostral carinae sides slightly convergent and rostral carinae basis slightly divergent (Fig. 43B, C).</p><p>Cephalon: CeL 66% of CL. Eyes small (CMW 51.6% of OW); suborbital angle&gt; 90°, unarmed (Fig. 43C). Front narrow (FW 39.5% of CW). Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae (RCL 65.9% of POCL) and weakly prominent. Lateral cephalic edge with some tubercles and sparse setation (Fig. 43A–C).</p><p>Thorax: carapace laterally compressed, deep and narrow (CD 57.3% of CL; CW 46.2% of CL). Cervical groove weakly U-shaped. Branchiocardiac grooves conspicuous (Fig. 43A). Areola narrow, 4.3x as long as wide (33.6% of CL) (Fig. 43A).</p><p>Pleon: long and narrow (PL 70.8% of CL; PW 64.6% of CW), smooth, not covered by setae on pleural margins (Fig. 43A). Pleural somites with rounded posterior margins. S2 pleurae high and long without groove parallel to margin (Fig. 43D, E, F). S3 longer than S2 with an elevation ressembling a humpback.</p><p>Tailfan: telson uniformly calcified, subtriangular, longer than wide (TeW 76.6% of TeL), with small sharp spines on lateral margins; rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae. Dorsal surface with tufts of short setae and inconspicuous dorsomedian longitudinal groove (Fig. 43E). Uropod protopod bilobed, with rounded and unarmed margins; proximal lobe largest. Exopod lateral with a small spine, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a sharp spine. Transverse suture (diaeresis) straight, with ten dorsolateral spines (outer) and nine dorsolateral spines (inner) on right exopod and ten dorsolateral spines (outer) and eight dorsolateral spine (inner) on the left exopod. Endopod, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a small spine; lateral margin with one sharp spine at level of exopod transverse suture (Fig. 43E).</p><p>Epistome: anterolateral section with inconspicuous blunt conical projection. Posterolateral section smooth and with deep lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe, and with longitudinal median groove. Anteromedian lobe pentagonal, 1.2x longer than wide, apex acute with serrated setae, reaching median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface straight, and basis with a shallow groove (Fig. 44A).</p><p>Thoracic sternites: SLP4 close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP5 smallest and close to each other, median keel inflated; SLP7 largest and with surface slightly concave, median keel inflated, bullar lobes absent; SLP8 straight, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar not visible (Fig. 44B, C).</p><p>Antennule: internal ventral border of basal article with a sharp spine (Fig. 44A).</p><p>Antenna: when extended back reaching telson. Antennal scale widest at midlength, reaching the end of third antennal article,ASW 44.8% of ASL (Fig. 44A, D), lateral margin straight, spine strong and distal margin emarginate. Coxa with prominent carina and one blunt above the nephropore. Basis unarmed (Fig. 44A).</p><p>Mandible: cephalic molar process molariform, caudal molar process bicuspidate with one cephalodistal cusp and one small distoproximal cusp. Incisor lobe with nine teeth. The third tooth from the anterior margin is the largest (Fig. 44E).</p><p>Third maxilliped: ischium, ventral surface entirely covered by tufts of short and simple (Fig. 44F); dorsal surface glabrous (Fig. 44G). Crista dentata bearing 24 and 23 teeth in right and left ischium respectively. Merus ventral surface entirely covered by tufts of long and simple setae (Fig. 44F, G).</p><p>First pair of pereiopods (chelipeds): large and subequal, laterally flattened (RPrT 25.6% of RPrL; LPrT 25.1% of LPrL) (Fig. 43A). Ischium ventral surface with 14 tubercles. Merus: right merus (RML) 53.5% of propodus length (RPrL); left merus (LML) 50.9% of propodus length (LPrL); ventral surface with two longitudinal series of tubercles: inner series with 13 tubercles, outer 13 and mesial 12, arranged irregularly on right merus; inner series bearing 12 tubercles, outer 14 and mesial 13, arranged irregularly on left merus. Dorsal and midventral spines absent. Carpus not divided by a shallow transversal groove (Fig. 44A; Fig. 42I). Internal dorsolateral margin with row of tubercles, increasing in size distally; inner surface without mesial tubercles. Carpal spine absent (Fig. 44I). Propodus width (RPrW and LPrW) 41.8% of length in right cheliped and 41.8% in left cheliped. Dorsal surface of palm with verrucous tubercles irregularly distributed (Fig. 44H, I). Inner margin without tubercles. Ventral surface bearing two rows of squamose tubercles, reaching the beginning of the fixed finger (Fig. 42H), right dactylus (RDL) 59.6% of propodus length (RPrL), left dactylus (LDL) 59.6% of left propodus (LPrL); dorsal surface with rows of setiferous punctuations (Fig. 42I). Cutting edge of fingers visible. Fixed finger with seven teeth with four large. Dactylus with eight teeth, the last two smallest (Fig. 44H, I).</p><p>Second pair of pereiopods: ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dorsal surface of dactylus with sparse covering of simple long setae (Fig. 44J).</p><p>Gonopores: Presence of both genital apertures on coxae of third and fifth pairs of pereiopods. Female gonopores semi-ellipsoidal (maximum diameter 1.24 mm) with well-calcified membrane. Male gonopores rounded, opening onto apical end of a small, fixed, calcified and truncated phallic papilla, close to inner border of ventral surface of coxae of fifth pair of pereiopods. Male cuticle partition present (Fig. 44B).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. brasiliensis in having large and laterally flattened chelipeds, but can be distinguished from that (and other) congeneric species by the S3 being longer than S2 with an elevation resembling a humpback.</p><p>Color of living specimens. Data not available.</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Data not available.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 45).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE136006FF1BFA70F41AF86D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
E0222776BE18600EFF1BFB76F558FD57.text	E0222776BE18600EFF1BFB76F558FD57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parastacus rudolphi Ribeiro & Araujo 2024	<div><p>Parastacus rudolphi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 46–49, Table 5)</p><p>Holotype. male, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Osório, Morro da Borússia, 05/XI/2013, coll. K. M. Gomes (MZUSP 45371);</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul —­ 1–5: two males, same data as holotype (UFRGS 6441) .</p><p>Etymology. Named in honor of Professor Eric Rudolph from Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. He is a very important astacologist in Chile and dedicated several years of his life to the study of freshwater crayfish biology and taxonomy. We also suggest the common name “Borússia Hill crayfish” for this species.</p><p>Diagnosis. Narrow front with rostrum wider than long with an apex shaped as inverted “V’ ending in a straight blunt spine, rostral carinae angled. Carapace laterally compressed, deep and narrow. Telson subtriangular with very small lateral spines.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Rostrum: triangular, wider than long (RL 78.5% of RW), long (11.7% of CL), reaching the proximal portion of the third antennular peduncle (Fig. 46A–C). Dorsum straight, apex inverted “V”-shaped, ending in a straight spine (Fig. 46B, C). Few plumose setae on lateral margins. Rostral carinae angled, prominent and narrow, extending back to carapace, slightly surpassing rostral basis; rostral carinae sides slightly convergent and rostral carinae basis slightly divergent (Fig. 46B, C).</p><p>Cephalon: CeL 64.1% of CL. Eyes large (CMW 72.8% of OW); suborbital angle 90°, unarmed (Fig. 46C). Front narrow (FW 48.6% of CW). Postorbital carinae longer than rostral carinae (RCL 98.5% of POCL) and weakly prominent. Lateral cephalic edge with sparse setation (Fig. 46A–C).</p><p>Thorax: carapace laterally compressed, deep and narrow (CD 53.8% of CL; CW 36.5% of CL). Cervical groove U-shaped. Branchiocardiac grooves inconspicuous (Fig. 42A). Areola narrow, 2.5x as long as wide (25.04% of CL) (Fig.46A).</p><p>Pleon: long and narrow (PL 68.3% of CL; PW 97.1% of CW), smooth, not covered by setae on pleural margins (Fig. 46A). Pleural somites with rounded posterior margins. S2 pleurae low and short with shallow groove parallel to margin (Fig. 46D, E, F).</p><p>Tailfan: telson uniformly calcified, subtriangular, longer than wide (TeW 79.9% of TeL), with very small sharp spines on lateral margins; rounded distal margin with abundant long plumose setae and short simple setae. Dorsal surface with tufts of short setae and inconspicuous dorsomedian longitudinal groove (Fig. 46E). Uropod protopod bilobed, with rounded and unarmed margins; proximal lobe largest. Exopod lateral with a very small spine, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a sharp spine. Transverse suture (diaeresis) straight, with five dorsolateral spines (outer) and four dorsolateral spines (inner) on right exopod and six dorsolateral spines (outer) and five dorsolateral spine (inner) on the left exopod. Endopod, mid-dorsal carina few prominent, ending in a very small spine; lateral margin with one sharp spine at level of exopod transverse suture (Fig. 46E).</p><p>Epistome: anterolateral section with a blunt conical projection. Posterolateral section smooth and with deep lateral grooves converging to the basis of the anteromedian lobe, and with small median concavity. Anteromedian lobe pentagonal, 1.2x longer than wide, apex acute with serrated setae, surpassing median part of antepenultimate article of antennal peduncle; dorsal surface straight, and basis with a shallow groove (Fig. 47A).</p><p>Thoracic sternites: SLP4 and SLP5 subequal in size, close to each other, median keel present and not inflated; SLP6 larger than SLP4 and SLP5 and close to each other, median keel inflated; SLP7 largest and with surface slightly concave, median keel inflated, bullar lobes absent; SLP8 straight, median keel absent, vertical arms of paired sternopleural bridges close to each other, bullar not visible (Fig. 47B, C).</p><p>Antennule: internal ventral border of basal article with a blunt spine (Fig. 47A).</p><p>Antenna: when extended back reaching S3. Antennal scale widest at midlength, reaching the end of third antennal article, ASW 39.75% of ASL (Fig. 47A, D), lateral margin straight, spine strong and distal margin straight. Coxa with prominent carina and one blunt above the nephropore. Basis unarmed (Fig. 47A).</p><p>Mandible: cephalic molar process molariform, caudal molar process bicuspidate with one cephalodistal cusp and one small distoproximal cusp. Incisor lobe with ten teeth. The third tooth from the anterior margin is the largest (Fig. 47E).</p><p>Third maxilliped: ischium, ventral surface partially covered by tufts of short and simple setae (Fig. 47F); dorsal surface glabrous (Fig. 47G). Crista dentata bearing 25 and 26 teeth in right and left ischium respectively. Merus ventral surface covered by tufts of long and simple setae in the inner margin (Fig. 47F, G).</p><p>First pair of pereiopods (chelipeds): large and subequal, laterally flattened (RPrT 25.8% of RPrL; LPrT 25.8% of LPrL) (Fig. 46A). Ischium ventral surface with 14 tubercles. Merus: right merus (RML) 62.38% of propodus length (RPrL); left merus (LML) 60.1% of propodus length (LPrL); ventral surface with two longitudinal series of tubercles: inner series with 13 tubercles, outer 12 and mesial 13, arranged irregularly on right merus; inner series bearing 15 tubercles, outer 12 and mesial 13, arranged irregularly on left merus. Dorsal and midventral spines present. Carpus not divided by a shallow transversal groove (Fig. 46A; Fig. 47I). Internal dorsolateral margin with row of tubercles, increasing in size distally; inner surface with few small mesial tubercles. Carpal spine present (Fig. 45I). Propodus width (RPrW and LPrW) 20.1% of length in right cheliped and 42.2% in left cheliped. Dorsal surface of palm with two lines of verrucous tubercles (Fig. 47H, I). Inner margin without tubercles. Ventral surface bearing two rows of squamose tubercles, reaching the beginning of the fixed finger (Fig. 47H), right dactylus (RDL) 59% of propodus length (RPrL), left dactylus (LDL) 66.9% of left propodus (LPrL); dorsal surface with rows of setiferous punctuations (Fig. 45I). Cutting edge of fingers visible. Fixed finger with five teeth, third tooth is slightly larger. Dactylus with six teeth, third tooth largest (Fig. 47H, I).</p><p>Second pair of pereiopods: ventral and dorsal surface of carpus, propodus and dorsal surface of dactylus with sparse covering of simple long setae (Fig. 45J).</p><p>Gonopores: Presence of both genital apertures on coxae of third and fifth pairs of pereiopods. Female gonopores semi-ellipsoidal (maximum diameter 1.26 mm) with well-calcified membrane. Male gonopores rounded, opening onto apical end of a small, fixed, calcified and truncated phallic papilla, close to inner border of ventral surface of coxae of fifth pair of pereiopods. Male cuticle partition present (Fig. 47B).</p><p>Remarks. This species resembles P. pilimanus in the shape of chelipeds and rostrum. It can be distinguished from all congeneric species by the very small lateral spines on the telson.</p><p>Color of living species. Data not available.</p><p>Habitat and Ecology. Stream and wetlands associated with low order stream (1-5 order) (46A). Parastacus rudolphi sp. nov. also can be found under litter and entrances of tree roots or simple burrows in the banks, up to 40 cm deep (Fig. 46B). The accumulated sediment within and at the margin is also inhabited by adult individuals. Burrow with chimney was not observed during sampling (K.M. Gomes, personal communication). Species burrows can be identified as type 1 a and b, in wetlands of type 2 (Horwitz and Richardson, 1986). Parastacus rudolphi sp. nov. is considered a secondary burrower according to Hobbs (1942) classification.</p><p>Distribution. Brazil: state of Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 49).</p><p>An updated key for native South American crayfish genera (modified from Rogers et al. 2020)</p><p>1 Cheliped dactyl moving subhorizontally or obliquely, male genitalia articulated, slender, tubular phallic papilla, or complex uncalcified papilla.................................................................................... 2</p><p>1’ Cheliped dactyl moving subvertically, male genitalia, a fixed and slightly elevated ventromesial ridge bearing a small noncalcified papilla............................................................... Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (This genus is distributed in the central portion of Chile, north of Argentina, Uruguay and southern Brazil, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina).</p><p>2(1) Post orbital carinae well developed.................................................... Samastacus Riek, 1971 (This genus is monotypic and can be found in northern Patagonia between the provinces of Río Negro and Neuquén, in Argentina, and widely distributed in the central portion of Chile).</p><p>2’ Post orbital carinae obsolete......................................................... Virilastacus Hobbs, 1991 (This genus is endemic to Chile and it has four species)</p><p>An updated key for Parastacus (modified from Huber et al. 2024)</p><p>1 Telson with lateral spines, maxilliped III exopod flagellum reaching ischium proximal margin........................ 2</p><p>1’ Telson without lateral spines, maxilliped III exopod flagellum surpassing ischium proximal margin............................................................................................ Parastacus nicoleti (Philippi, 1882) (This species is endemic to Chile and perhaps constitutes a species complex)).</p><p>2(1) Rostrum trapezoid................................................................. Parastacus bah sp. nov. (This species has an extremely limited distribution, being found only in the municipality of Dom Feliciano, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil)</p><p>2’ Rostrum triangular or spatulated......................................................................... 3</p><p>3(2’) Postorbital carina proximal edge ending in a strong spine; uropod protopod proximal lobe bearing a spine; areola delimited by carinae............................................................................................. 4</p><p>3’ Postorbital carina proximal edge not ending in spine; uropod protopod lobe lacking spine; areola not delimited by carinae.. 5</p><p>4(3) Cheliped merus, carpus, and propodus medially with tufts of long setae; maxilliped III ischium ventral margin with longitudinal spine row............................................................... Parastacus varicosus Faxon, 1898 (This species is distributed in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul — Brazil and Uruguay and Argentina).</p><p>4’ Cheliped merus, carpus, and propodus medially glabrous; maxilliped III ischium 386 ventral margin with longitudinal tubercle row...................................................................... Parastacus saffordi Faxon, 1898 (This species is distributed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul — Brazil and in Uruguay).</p><p>5(3) Cutting edge of cheliped fingers external face hardly visible, covered by tufts of long setae........................... 6</p><p>5’ Cutting edge of cheliped fingers visible, not covered by tufts of long setae........................................ 7</p><p>6(5) Cheliped carpus distally glabrous........................................................................ 8</p><p>6’ Cheliped carpus distally with tufts of long and simple setae....... Parastacus pilicarpus Huber, Ribeiro &amp; Araujo, 2018 (This species is endemic to the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil).</p><p>7(5’) Epistome anteromedian lobe hexagonal or pentagonal........................................................ 9</p><p>7’ Epistome anteromedial lobe septagonal.................................................................. 10</p><p>8(6) Telson distal margin rounded.......................................................................... 11</p><p>8’ Telson distal margin acute.................................... Parastacus buckupi Huber, Ribeiro &amp; Araujo, 2018 (This species is endemic to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).</p><p>9(7) Chelipeds subequal in size............................................................................. 12</p><p>9’ Chelipeds with different sizes................................................ Parastacus heterochaelis sp. nov. (This species is found in wetlands from the central east to the northeast portion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the municipalities of Viamão and Osório.)</p><p>10(7’) Dactylus long.......................................... Parastacus longidactylus Huber, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2024 (This species is endemic to the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).</p><p>10’ Dactylus short............................................ Parastacus gomesae Huber, Araujo &amp; Ribeiro, 2022 ((This species appears to have a limited distribution, being registered only in the municipality of São Jerônimo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil).</p><p>11(8) Postorbital carinae prominent.......................................................................... 13</p><p>11’ Postorbital carinae obsolete........................................ Parastacus laevigatus Buckup &amp; Rossi, 1980 (This species has a limited distribution, being found only in the north of the state of Santa Catarina, the north limit of Parastacus distribution. It is probably extinct in nature).</p><p>12(9) Chelipeds with globose palm........................................................................... 14</p><p>12’ Chelipeds with flattened palm.......................................................................... 15</p><p>13(11). Telson subtriangular............................... Parastacus fluviatilis Ribeiro &amp; Buckup in Ribeiro et al., 2016 (This species is found only in streams in the region of Campus de Cima da –RS up to 1.400 m of altitude).</p><p>13’ Telson surectangular............................................... Parastacus pilimanus (von Martens, 1869) (This species is widely distributed in the state of Rio Grande do Sul — Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina)</p><p>14 Cervical groove V-shaped............................................................................. 16</p><p>14’ Cervical groove U-shaped..................... Parastacus caeruleodactylus Ribeiro &amp; Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2016</p><p>15(12’) S3 longer than S2 and curved in lateral view....................................... Parastacus quasimodo sp. nov. (This species has an extremely limited distribution, being found only in streams in the Municipality of Caraá, the southwest portion of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil).</p><p>15’ S3 and S2 with similar sizes and not curved in lateral view................................................... 17</p><p>16 Rostral carinae reaching postorbital carinae proximal edge.......................... Parastacus defossus Faxon, 1898 (This species is found in the south portion of Uruguay and its occurrence in Brazil is questionable since Brazilian populations can constitute a species complex).</p><p>16’ Rostral carinae surpassing postorbital carinae proximal edge..................... Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835) (This species is found only in the central portion of Chile and can constitute a species complex).</p><p>17 (15’) Mandible caudal molar process unicuspidate … Parastacus manezinho sp. nov. (This species has an extremely limited distribution, being found only in the island of Florianópolis, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil).</p><p>17’ Mandible caudal molar process bicuspidate................................................................ 18</p><p>18(17’) Rostrum apex V-shaped.............................................................................. 19</p><p>18’ Rostrum apex U-shaped.............................................................................. 20</p><p>19(18) Cheliped palm medial margin smooth.............................................. Parastacus rudolphi sp. nov. (This species has an extremely limited distribution, being found only in the municipality of Osório, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the Borússia Mountain)</p><p>19’ Cheliped palm medial margin tuberculate........................ .. Parastacus promatensis Fontoura &amp; Conter, 2008 (This species has an extremely limited distribution, being found only in streams in the Municipality of São Francisco de Paula, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, up to 850 m of altitude).</p><p>20(18’) Cheliped palm dorsal surface with tubercles irregularly distributed............................................ 21</p><p>20’ Cheliped palm dorsal surface with three well-defined tubercle rows....................................................................................... Parastacus tuerkayi Ribeiro, Huber and Araujo in Ribeiro et al., 2017 (This species is endemic to the northern portion of the state of Santa Catarina).</p><p>21(20) Rostrum dorsal surface straight......................................................................... 22</p><p>21’ Rostrum dorsal surface concave..................................... Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) (This species is endemic to the central portion of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil).</p><p>22(21) Cephalon postorbital carinae prominent in anterior and middle portions.................................................................................................... Parastacus guapo Huber, Araujo and Ribeiro, 2022 ((This species appears to have a limited distribution, being registered only in the municipality of Pantano Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil)</p><p>22’ Cephalon postorbital carinae weakly prominent....... Parastacus macanudo Huber, Rockhill, Araujo and Ribeiro, 2020 (This species appears to have a limited distribution, being registered only in the municipality of São Leopoldo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E0222776BE18600EFF1BFB76F558FD57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra;Araujo, Paula Beatriz	Ribeiro, Felipe Bezerra, Araujo, Paula Beatriz (2024): Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species. Zootaxa 5455 (1): 1-84, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5455.1.1
