taxonID	type	description	language	source
E77787F0BD5DFFB3FF4AF971D4A8C8C4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype: 1 ♂, INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, Forest Research Institute, near Scientist Hostel, 30.3378 ° N, 78.0002 ° E, 10. iii. 2022, Yellow Pan Trap, leg. S. Sardar, NZC. Paratypes: 10 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, Forest Research Institute, near Scientist Hostel, 30.3378 ° N, 78.0002 ° E, 10. iii. 2022, Yellow Pan Trap, leg. S. Sardar, NZC; 2 ♀, INDIA: Uttarakhand, Dehradun, Wildlife Institute of India, near pond, 30.2855 ° N, 77.9747 ° E, 05. iii. 2022, Yellow Pan Trap, leg. S. Sardar, NZC.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD5DFFB3FF4AF971D4A8C8C4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Osmia muelleri sp. nov. can be identified as Osmia (Pyrosmia) due to the metallic green integumental colouration; males bearing a trispinose T 7, overlapped laterally by the large T 6, S 3 with fringed median emargination, S 4 with carinate apical margin and S 5 with velvety hair and females with 3 – toothed mandible devoid of cutting edge, clypeal margin wavy with median impression and two tufts of orange hairs and hind coxa with weak longitudinal carina along the inner ventral margin. Both males and females of Osmia muelleri sp. nov. can clearly be distinguished from the eight Osmia (Pyrosmia) species distributed nearby in Central Asia and Tibet viz., O. cephalotes Morawitz, 1870, O. dilaticornis Morawitz, 1875, O. mongolica Morawitz, 1880, O. nana Morawitz, 1873, O. submicans Morawitz, 1870, O. viridana Morawitz, 1873; and O. tadjika Warncke, 1992 and O. tawildara Warncke, 1992 (known only from females) using a combination of characters. Males having pubescence entirely white (fulvous in O. mongolica, brown on vertex and mesosoma dorsally in O. submicans); integument metallic green (brown in O. mongolica); A 4 – A 12 ventrally yellowish orange (black in O. cephalotes, O. mongolica, O. submicans, O. viridana and O. nana); vertex 1.5 × ocellar width (3 × in O. viridana) middle of the propodeum shiny (matte in O. submicans); hind tibial spurs yellow (black in O. dilaticornis); apical margin of T 6 without emargination (emarginated in O. cephalotes); T 7 with three flat, subequal and subparallel teeth (four teeth in O. nana, lateral teeth long and median tooth minute in O. viridana, teeth thin and pointed in O. submicans) and arranged in one plane (arranged in triangular fashion in O. cephalotes). The females with pubescence entirely white (fulvous in O. mongolica, black on vertex and mesosoma dorsally in O. submicans); integument metallic green (brown in O. mongolica, blue in O. cephalotes, O. submicans, O. tadjika, O. tawildara); apical margin of clypeus transverse (arched in O. nana and O. tadjika, truncated in O. tawildara); hind tibial spurs yellow (dark in O. cephalotes, O. nana, O. tadjika, O. dilaticornis, O. tawildara) and scopa white (yellow in O. dilaticornis, black in O. submicans, basally white and apically black in O. cephalotes).	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD5DFFB3FF4AF971D4A8C8C4.taxon	description	Description: Male: Body length 5.5 – 6.5 mm. Integument metallic green (Figs. 2 a, b). Head: Head about 0.87 × as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin about 1.6 × as long as ocellar diameter. Ocello-ocular distance 0.43 mm. Second segment of labial palpus about 1.5 × as long as first segment. Maximal width of genal area about 0.61 × as long as maximal width of compound eye. Vertex 1.5 × ocellar width. Mandible bidentate, apical two-thirds black. Clypeus finely punctate, punctures smaller apically than basally; with a narrow polished impunctate, black apical zone; apical margin straight. Malar space linear. Face with rather long white pilosity, sparse on vertex and gena; vertex and face densely and coarsely punctate, two small unpunctured areas adjacent to lateral ocelli (Fig. 2 c). A 1 and A 2 black, A 3 basally black, apically brownish and almost as long as wide; A 4 – A 12 ventrally yellowish orange, dorsally brown and longer than wide; A 4 and A 5 subequal, A 6 – A 12 longer than wide; A 13 entirely brown, longest almost twice the length of A 1 (Fig. 2 d), apically a little dilated, apicodorsally flattened with a polished tip (Figs. 2 e, f). Mesosoma: Scutum and scutellum densely punctured, interspaces reaching at most 0.5 × puncture diameter. Punctation on mesepisternum similar to scutum. Metanotum with punctures scarce. Basal area of propodeum laterally shagreened, medially and apically polished. Pilosity of mesosoma white, sparse on dorsal surface of scutum and scutellum. Tegulae brown with fine dispersed punctures on apical half and along the margin. Wings hyaline, veins brown, second recurrent vein closer to apex than first is to base of second sub-marginal cell. Tibial spurs of hind legs yellow, inner spur little less than half length of hind basitarsus and straight except for the strongly bent apex. Hind basitarsus with golden hairs ventrally, medio and distitarsi black. Claws brownish black apically. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs dense, with interspaces reaching the diameter of one and half puncture, sparser on marginal zones. Terga with whitish pilosity, sparse and erect on disc, long on lateral zone of T 1, forming weak hair bands on marginal zones, laterally on T 1 – T 3, complete on T 4 and T 5. Apical margin of T 6 convex and transverse, without notch or crenulations. T 7 trifid, projections subequal, sub-parallel and flat (Fig. 2 e). S 2 large, covering more than half of S 3 (Fig. 2 f). S 3 with a distinct median fringed emargination (Fig. 3 a). S 4 with two apical carinae and a narrow hairless groove in between and a median weakly bilobed protrusion with a fringe of bristles (Fig. 3 b). S 5 with fine velvety hair (Fig. 3 c). S 6 prolonged to a median lobe (Fig. 3 d). Apical margin of S 7 strongly bilobed (Fig. 3 e). S 8 shield-like, apex hairy and weakly bilobed (Fig. 3 f). Gonocoxites apically widened, gonostylus narrow, penis valve parallel sided, slightly dilated at the apex, volsella apically blunt and rounded (Figs. 3 g, h). Female: Body length 6 – 7 mm. Integument metallic green (Figs. 4 a, b). Head: Head about 0.91 × as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 1.6 × as long as ocellar diameter. Ocello-ocular distance 0.46 mm. Second segment of labial palpus about 1.5 × as long as first segment. Maximal width of genal area about 0.7 × as long as maximal width of compound eye. Punctation of vertex, frons, supraclypeal area and paraocular area fine and dense, interspaces almost linear. Punctation of clypeus nearly rugose apically behind the narrow, polished, impunctate apical zone (Fig. 4 c). Mandible distinctly tridentate without cutting edge (Fig. 4 d). Clypeus overhanging labrum, apical margin wavy with two tufts of inwardly directed orange hairs. Frons with an obscure longitudinal line. Malar space linear. Face with pale whitish pilosity, dense on paraocular region. Juxtantennal carina restricted adjacent to antennal socket. A 1 – A 4 blackish brown, A 5 – A 11 ventrally brownish orange, dorsally brown, A 12 brown; A 3 almost twice as long as segment 4 (1.8 ×), A 5 and A 6 subequal (Fig. 4 e), A 12 1.75 × as long as wide. Mesosoma: Punctation of scutum fine but less dense, distance between punctures 1.5 × puncture diameter. Punctation of mesepisternum fine and dense, almost appearing rugose. Metanotum with scattered punctation. Basal area of propodeum medially and laterally shagreened, apically polished. Pilosity of mesosoma white, sparse on dorsal surface of scutum and scutellum, hairs scattered. Tegulae brown with fine dispersed punctures on apical half and along the margin. Wings hyaline, veins brown, second recurrent vein closer to apex than first is to base of second sub-marginal cell. Hind coxa ventrally with weak longitudinal carina along inner margin (Fig. 4 f). Tibial spurs of hind legs yellow, inner spur half length of hind basitarsus and straight except for the strongly bent apex. Tarsi with golden hairs ventrally. Claws brown. Metasoma: Punctation of tergal discs fine and dense, interspaces reaching diameter of one puncture, marginal zones slightly less densely punctured with interspaces reaching diameter of two puncture widths. T 1 – T 5 with whitish pilosity, which is erect on disc and forming rather long fringe of white hairs laterally; anterior edge of T 1 with a row of white hairs becoming denser laterally. T 1 – T 3 with hair band on marginal zone incomplete, present only laterally (Fig. 4 g), hair bands complete on marginal zone of T 4 and T 5. T 6 with appressed pilosity on apical half, covering the cuticular surface (Fig. 4 h). Scopa white. Variation: Some males have a purplish tinge on vertex, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD5DFFB3FF4AF971D4A8C8C4.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The species name has been dedicated to Dr. Andreas Müller (ETH Zurich, Switzerland) for his contribution to the taxonomy and ecology of osmiine bees across the world.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFB3FF1AFC7DD4BECE6C.taxon	discussion	Comments: Osmia kashmirensis Nurse, 1903, is the only Indian species with uncertain subgeneric placement and green integument that, based on the description, can be distinguished from Osmia muelleri sp. nov. in having the pubescence light reddish grey (white in O. muelleri), antenna blackish (A 4 – A 12 yellowish orange ventrally in O. muelleri), hind tibial spurs black (yellow in O. muelleri) and only apex of tarsi rufous (tarsal segments except basitarsus rufous in O. muelleri). The distinction can be made only based on the brief description provided by Nurse (1903). Since the type material for this species (a single male) could not be traced in the Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (NHMUK) (pers. comm. from J. Monks and T. J. Wood) and the description provided is insufficient, we now treat Osmia kashmirensis Nurse, 1903 as nomen dubium.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFBDFF1AFAC5D618C990.taxon	discussion	Subgenus: Uncertain, but most likely should be assigned to Osmia (Helicosmia) Thomson due to the females bearing a broad and robust mandible, almost of same width medially and basally, and separated from the base by a distinct depression; clypeus modified (convex apically) with two apical tufts of orange hair laterally; mandibles highly modified, apical tooth broad, cutting edge transverse; surface of the propodeum is matte and hind coxa is devoid of strong carina along the inner ventral angle (although a weak carina is present along the outer angle).	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFBDFF1AFAC5D618C990.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 2 ♀♀, INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Arla, 32.0834 ° N, 76.4929 ° E, 2286 m, vii. 1971, Sweep Netting, Collector unknown, NZC.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFBDFF1AFAC5D618C990.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: This bee can be easily recognized due to the highly unusual shape of the mandible, where the apical tooth is greatly expanded, plate-like with a transverse edge and the integument metallic blue on head and mesosoma and golden green on metasoma.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFBDFF1AFAC5D618C990.taxon	description	Redescription: Female: Body length 12 – 13 mm; integument metallic blue on head and mesosoma, goldengreen on metasoma; pubescence white on head and mesosoma, pale yellow on metasoma (Figs. 5 a, 5 b). Head: Head almost 0.93 × as long as wide. Distance between lateral ocellus and preoccipital margin 2.89 × as long as ocellar diameter. Ocello-ocular distance 0.65 mm. Maximal width of genal area about 1.3 × as long as maximal width of compound eye. Compound eyes converging upwards. Punctation of vertex and genae fine and dense, interspaces at most one puncture diameter; punctation denser around the ocelli, antennal sockets and paraocular regions with linear interspaces; punctation of clypeus coarse on apical half, laterally impunctate and polished zone. Clypeus elevated and bulging apically, with two tufts of yellow hairs apicolaterally (Fig. 5 c). Mandibles with erect pale yellow hairs, not narrowed much medially than basally, four-toothed, upper tooth broad and smooth, cutting edge transverse, appearing like lamina (Fig. 5 d). Hypostomal cavity bordered by large and distinct carina. Malar space linear. Frons, paraocular region, clypeus and gena with with long whitish pilosity. Antennae dark brown, A 3 1.48 × longer than A 4, A 4 and A 5 subequal. Mesosoma: Punctation of scutum, scutellum, axillae and mesepisternum very dense with linear interspaces. Metanotum apically and propodeum entirely distinctly shagreened (Fig. 5 e). Pilosity of mesosoma pale whitish. Tegulae brown, punctuation dense apically and laterally, scattered medially. Wings sub-hyaline, veins brown. Legs brown, claws black. Coxa of fore leg with carina (Fig. 5 f). Hind coxa with a weak carina along the outer ventral angle (Fig. 5 g). Tibia apically and tarsi with golden bristles. Hind tibial spurs yellow, inner spur less than half as long as hind basitarsus and straight except for the apex, which is bent upwards at an angle of 25 – 30 °. Metasoma: Punctation of T 1 – T 3 fine but scattered, interspaces more than 2 × puncture diameter. Punctation of T 4 – T 6 dense, interspaces rarely reaching the diameter of one puncture. T 1 – T 2 with whitish pilosity on disc. T 3 – T 4 with pale yellowish erect hairs on disc. Apical hair bands on terga yellowish; T 5 and T 6 with appressed yellowish pilosity which almost completely covers the cuticular surface (Fig. 5 h). Scopa golden; sternal fasciae absent.	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
E77787F0BD58FFBDFF1AFAC5D618C990.taxon	discussion	Comments: The type material deposited in NHMUK was examined via photographs (see https: // data. nhm. ac. uk / dataset / 56 e 711 e 6 - c 847 - 4 f 99 - 915 a- 6894 bb 5 c 5 dea / resource / 05 ff 2255 - c 38 a- 40 c 9 - b 657 - 4 ccb 55 ab 2 feb / record / 9139712).	en	Sardar, Sayan, Kazmi, S. I., Rameshkumar, A. (2024): First report of Osmia (Pyrosmia) Tkalců from India with description of a new species and redescription of Osmia gulmargensis Nurse. Zootaxa 5551 (1): 186-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5551.1.9
