identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E72287F6FFDA225B7E94FAD7A989986C.text	E72287F6FFDA225B7E94FAD7A989986C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympagella Schmidt 1870	<div><p>Genus Sympagella Schmidt, 1870</p><p>Diagnosis. “Body is saccular, funnel-like, tubular or mushroom-like, basiphytose, with long or short stalk. Choanosomal spicules are diactines and hexactines. Dermalia are pinular hexactines and pentactines. Atrialia are pinular hexactines“ and sometimes pinular pentactines. “Hypodermalia and sometimes hypoatrialia, if present, are pentactines. Microscleres are strobiloplumicomes and various combinations of discohexasters, onychasters, hexasters, hemihexasters, hemionychasters and tylohexasters“ (after Tabachnik 2002, emended).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72287F6FFDA225B7E94FAD7A989986C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Herzog, Sascha;Amon, Diva J.;Smith, Craig R.;Janussen, Dorte	Herzog, Sascha, Amon, Diva J., Smith, Craig R., Janussen, Dorte (2018): Two new species of Sympagella (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 152-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.12
E72287F6FFDA225C7E94F919A8369CE7.text	E72287F6FFDA225C7E94F919A8369CE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympagella abysslineae Herzog & Amon & Smith & Janussen 2018	<div><p>Sympagella abysslineae sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig 2, Tables 1.1, 1.2)</p><p>Material examined: Holotype (unicum), SMF 12104, CS_18, ABYSSLINE Project, RV Melville, cruise MV1313, UK-1 Stratum A, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-116.64577&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.84995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -116.64577/lat 13.84995)">East Pacific</a>, 10 October 2013, 13°50.997 N, 116°38.746 W, 3952 m, fixed in 96% ethanol.</p><p>Description: The single specimen collected by ROV Remora III was in good condition and shape (Figs 2a, i). The stalk of the specimen is 47 mm long and 35 mm thick. It is comparable to a stump, and the bottom is black colored, likely from contact with the polymetallic nodule it was adhered to. The body measures 135 mm in diameter and is 10 mm thick. It has a chanterelle-like shape and is slightly damaged on the edges.</p><p>Megascleres of the gastral and dermal sides are nearly identical. Beside a wide variety of choanosomal diactin and hexactins, hypodermal and hypoatrial pentactins, as well as dermal and atrial pinular hexactins, and pinular pentactins can be found. The hexactins (Fig 2b) and pentactins (not shown) are mainly smooth, sometimes slightly spiny on the proximal or distal endings and mostly with sharp or parabolic distal tips. Pentactins generally have a long distal ray and shorter tangential rays. Sometimes the distal ray is slightly curved. Hexactins mainly have thin long-shafted rays of different lengths and are less abundant than the pentactins. Pinular hexactins (Figs 2c, d) are very abundant, as are pinular pentactins (Fig 2e). In comparison, the pinular hexactins are slightly bigger than the pinular pentactins on the dermal side as well as on the gastral side. Both spicule tapes are bigger on the dermal side of the sponge. The rays, except the pinular ray, of both types have sharp pointed tips and are speckled with small spines. The pinular rays are longer than the other rays and have a tapered structure of distal pointed spines and a rounded end.</p><p>Microscleres are discohexasters and strobiloplumicomes. The discohexasters (Fig 2f) have short, smooth primary rays that split up in 3–4 long-shafted secondary rays. These bear small spines on the shaft and terminate in flat, slightly curved, star-shaped discs with 4–5 jags. Considerably smaller are the 20–25 µm-sized strobiloplumicomes (Figs 2g, h). These also have short smooth rays that terminate in a wreath with four rows of long, sigmoidal protruding hairs with tiny spines on the inner concave surface of their distal halves (similar to the ones described by Janussen &amp; Reiswig 2009). From the center of the wreath arises a very short smooth strobe with a rounded tip. Whereas discohexasters are abundant, strobiloplumicomes are rare and difficult to measure because they are very fragile and often broken. Also because of their ability to ‘grasp’ other spicules' rays with the grappling hook-like hairs, they are mainly found in bunches of discohexasters and other strobiloplumicomes, which makes it even harder to measure them.</p><p>Remarks: The specimen clearly belongs to the genus Sympagella even though its mushroom-like appearance and the presence of atrial pinular pentactins suggest an affiliation to the genus Caulophacus . This is confirmed by the presence of strobiloplumicomes and the lack of discohexactins, which is a characteristic spicule type most representatives of the genus Caulophacus possess. The sponge is considered to be new to science for several reasons: Besides the fact that there are so far no known Sympagella species reported from the CCZ, only S. cantharellus (Lendenfeld, 1915) has a mushroom-like shape. Most of the species in the genus Sympagella show funnel-like, elliptical or saccular shapes. Our specimen differs from S. cantharellus by the presence of discohexasters. Also, discohexasters and strobiloplumicomes are the only microscleres in our specimen, whereas most of the other species of Sympagella have more than two types of microscleres, including onychohexasters or oxyhexasters.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: The specimen is named after the ABYSSLINE Project, during which it was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72287F6FFDA225C7E94F919A8369CE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Herzog, Sascha;Amon, Diva J.;Smith, Craig R.;Janussen, Dorte	Herzog, Sascha, Amon, Diva J., Smith, Craig R., Janussen, Dorte (2018): Two new species of Sympagella (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 152-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.12
E72287F6FFDE22517E94FF17AC5D9F4F.text	E72287F6FFDE22517E94FF17AC5D9F4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sympagella clippertonae Herzog & Amon & Smith & Janussen 2018	<div><p>Sympagella clippertonae sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig 3, Tables 1.3, 1.4)</p><p>Material examined: Holotype (unicum), SMF 12105, CS_19, ABYSSLINE Project, RV Melville, cruise MV1313, UK-1 Stratum A, Clarion-Clipperton Zone, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-114.41455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.679767" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -114.41455/lat 13.679767)">East Pacific</a>, 23 October 2013, 13°40.786 N, 114°24.873 W, 4110 m, fixed in 96% ethanol.</p><p>Description. The second specimen collected by ROV Remora III was also in good condition (Fig 3a). The long, solid but broken stalk of the specimen is 150 mm long and 4 mm thick. The stalk merges to the upper body in a smooth transition. As an additional piece, the foot of the stalk was collected. It has a stamp-like shape and is very small in comparison to the upper body of the sponge. The white body measures 76 mm in diameter and is 4 mm thick. It resembles a leaf with an irregular edge and is slightly damaged. It is also easy to see the apertures of the canals, which penetrate the body of the sponge.</p><p>Megascleres of the dermal and gastral sides are choanosomal diactins and hexactins, hypodermal and hypoatrial pentactins, as well as dermal and atrial pinular hexactins, and pinular pentactins. There is no notable difference between the dermal and gastral side, except the size of the pinular spicules. Pentactins mainly have a long distal ray and shorter tangential rays. Larger hexactins and pentactins (Figs 3b, f) have prominent spines on the proximal half to third part of the ray. The remainder of the ray is smooth or sprinkled with small spines. The strong, stable rays get thinner to the distal end and taper to a sharp or parabolic tip. Smaller pentactins (Fig 3c) have comparatively small spines, but in larger numbers. Often the distal ray of pentactins is slightly curved. The pinular hexactins and pentactins (Fig 3g) are very abundant. The pinular rays have a tapered structure of distal pointed spines, but not as feathery and dense as the pinules of S. abysslineae sp. nov. (Fig 2). They are more narrow and rough. The distal end is rounded or parabolic. All other rays of the pinular spicules are studded with small spines and have a sharp pointed tip. Measurements show that the pinular spicules of the gastral side are a little bigger than the ones on the dermal side (Tables 1.3, 1.4).</p><p>Microscleres are discohexasters and strobiloplumicomes. The abundant discohexasters (Figs 3d, e) have short smooth primary rays that split into four long-shafted secondary rays. They are significantly shorter than the ones of S. abysslineae sp. nov. (Fig 2) and the numerous spines on the shaft appear to be more concentrated. The rays also terminate in flat curved star-shaped discs, but with 5–7 jags. Overall, they appear to be more compact. The strobiloplumicomes (Fig 3h) were difficult to locate and are quite rare. Similar to S. abysslineae sp. nov. (Fig 2), they have six short smooth rays which terminate in a wreath with four rows of long, sigmoidal protruding hairs with tiny spines on the inner concave surface of their distal halves. Because of the small size of the spicules and due to their fragility, they are very difficult to isolate and document.</p><p>Remarks: This new species is very similar in spicular content to S. abysslineae sp. nov., but its pinules (of both hexactins and pentactins) are generally smaller. Furthermore, the large hexactins and pentactins have prominent spines on the proximal parts of the rays, whereas in S. abysslineae, these spicules are smooth to very slightly spined.</p><p>Derivatio nominis: The specimen is named after the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, the location where it was collected.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E72287F6FFDE22517E94FF17AC5D9F4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Herzog, Sascha;Amon, Diva J.;Smith, Craig R.;Janussen, Dorte	Herzog, Sascha, Amon, Diva J., Smith, Craig R., Janussen, Dorte (2018): Two new species of Sympagella (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Rossellidae) collected from the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, East Pacific. Zootaxa 4466 (1): 152-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4466.1.12
